当前位置：
＞＞＞—Do you enjoy ______ a volunteer?—If you want _______ this,..
—Do you enjoy ______ a volunteer?&—If you want _______ this, you’d better join us.&&&
A. knowingB. knowingC. to know&&D. to know
题型：单选题难度：中档来源：山东省中考真题
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“—Do you enjoy ______ a volunteer?—If you want _______ this,..”主要考查你对&&动名词，不定式&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
动名词不定式
动名词：如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词，那么这个词称动名词。 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。由于动名词是由动词变化而来，它仍保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的某些变化形式，用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。动名词的结构和形式：动名词的否定结构：动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。如： Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 实验没有成功也比不实验好。 He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。 I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉，没有早给你打电话。 He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。 I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了。（not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式） There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. （no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定）
动名词复合结构：通常情况下，动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不失谓语动的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构，这种结构在句中可以作主语，宾语等。 （1）逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格，作宾语时（尤其在口语中），也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如： Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你看我去会有什么帮助吗？（宾语） The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。（主语） Do you mind my(me) smoking ? 你介意我抽烟吗？（宾语） They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there. 他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。（介词宾语） （2）逻辑主语是无生命名词是，通常只用名词普通格。如： Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? 你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗？ Is there any hope of our team winning the match ? 我们对赢得比赛有希望吗？ (3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时，只用普通格。如： She was woken up by somebody shouting outside. 她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。
动名词的形式（一般式，完成式和被动式）：(1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如： We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。 His coming will be of great help to us . 他来对我们大有帮助。 但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词　after, on,upon, 或for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如： I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。 On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息，母亲就禁不住哭了起来。 Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了，请原谅。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。 (2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。 He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。 We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。 (3)动名词的被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时，用被动语态。如： I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。 She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。 The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。 He doesn’t mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批评。 动名词与现在分词的关系：动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如：Speaking in the public,he will surely be very cheerful .（现在分词短语，作状语）他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。She hates speaking in the public.（动名词短语，作宾语）她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是：①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于“是”，通常把主语和表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变，例如：My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质，不能与主语互换位置，例如：The story is interesting .不可改为：Interesting is the story.2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，两者的区别在于：动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较：①a swimming boy和a swimming suit前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”，即a boy who is swimming，现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作；而后者的意思是“游泳衣”，即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”，即a child who is sleeping，现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态；而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”，即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。动名词用法口诀：动名词常泛指，句法作用宾/表/定与主，时态/语态之形式，一般/完成/被动式。Being done 系被动，不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意，常用it作形式主语，不指未来发生事，表达的信息系已知。用作表语请记清，作用相当一名词，检验方法很简单，主与表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩，表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂，关键留意谓语动词（跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后），时态同谓动作比较，先于谓动用完成式，其逻辑主语不固定，在句中/句外均有之。否定式其前加not，复合式其前加物主词，非句首宾格词也可用，尤其口语中更如此。说明：1、主-----主语 2、宾-----宾语 3、表------表语 4、定------定语 5、谓动---谓语动词
动名词的用法： 一、动名词作主语&1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如： 　　 &&&& Swimming is a good sport in summer. 　　 2. 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 　　 动名词做主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如： It is no use telling him not to worry. 　　 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。 　　 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。 　　 3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如： 　　 There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。 　　&4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： 　　 No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） 　　 No parking. （禁止停车） 　　 5. 动名词的复合结构作主语 　　 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构(这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： 　　&Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 　　 二、动名词作宾语 1.作动词的宾语 　　 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid,& consider, enjoy, finish&&&&& They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走，说个不停。&I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。 　　 Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic &regulations. 　　 每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。 　　&2.作介词的宾语 　　 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.&我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。 　　 Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?&我们休息呢还是开始干活？ 　　 3.作形容词的宾语 　　 The music is well worth listening to more than once.&&这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 　　 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 三、动名词作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语、动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 　　 Your task is cleaning the windows.&& 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) 　　 What I hate most is being laughed at.& 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 四、动名词作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如： 　　 a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking 　　 a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing 　　&a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading 　　 a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring 　　 sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。
动名词使用注意事项：1） 动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2） 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例：I would appreciate you calling back this afternoon.4） 有些词后只能接动名词
understand...5） 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法it’ it’s no/little/hardly any/ it’s not/hardly/ it’ spend money/ there’ there’ there’ what’s the use/point6） 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义截然不容。例：remember to do/doing：①I remembered to post the letters.（指未来/过去未来将要做的动作）②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.（我记得做过这个动作）&forget与remember的用法类似。&regret的用法：①I regret to inform you that…（我很遗憾地通知你……）②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.（为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。）&try to（努力）与try +–ing（试验）：①You really must try to overcome your shyness.②Try practicing five hours a day.动词不定式：指由to加上动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性。动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语，其形式如下：
(not) to do
(not)&to be done
(not) to have done
(not) to have been done
(not) to be doing
完成进行式
(not) to have been doing
&不定式的用法:1、不定式作主语 例如：To remember this is very important. 注意：为了避免头重脚轻，在许多情况下，通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部，而在句首主语位置使用形式主语it。 例如：It is very important to remember this. 2、不定式作表语例如：He seems to be ill. 注意：不定式作表语主要有三种情况，一是用于seem, appear, prove等系动词之后的不 定式（尤其是to be），二是像My job is to sweep the floor. 这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形，三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等，如：&You are to come when I call. 3、不定式作宾语 例如：I can not afford to buy a car. 注意：①不定式不仅用作动词的宾语，还可用作个别介词（but, except）的宾语。 例如：I had no choice but to wait. ②当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时，通常要用形式宾语it代替不定式，并将真正的宾语不定式置于宾语补足语之后 例如：I find it difficult to learn Japanese well. 4、不定式作宾语补足语 例如：Who taught you to drive? 5、不定式作定语 例如：I have a question to ask you. 注意：有的名词（如way, chance, right等）后用作不定式可换成of doing sth. 如：It is the best way to do (of doing) it. 但是以下名词后接不定式作定语时通常不能换成of doing sth. attempt& courage& decision& effort& fortune& failure& invitation& wish 6、不定式作状语 例如：I went to France to learn French.
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65535578371002135577657634160083i-Installer Home Page
i-Installer
i-Installer is unsupported software as of Jan 1,
2007. For the foreseeable future I will be using i-Installer myself for
several of my installs for personal use (mainly TeX) and as such I will
maintain the program and some of my i-Packages.
What ends is e-mail support for
people using i-Installer or any of my i-Packages. If you are looking
for help, please join the Mac OS X TeX mailing list, which is the most
active user community at the time I am writing this.
Bug reports can still be sent to
me, but you will not get a reaction and it is uncertain if and when I
will be paying attention to them. If it is something that does work for
me (and thus something with your particular setup, I will most likely
not pay any attention to them).
I will be announcing the actual end of support on
ii2-announce@mail.rna.nl. Until then, I am still actively working to
get to the situation that I can drop supporting the community.
i-Installer
is open source
under a BSD License. i-Installer is hosted on
You can get to the i-Installer project home page by following this link.
i-Installer code is not
particularly good. This is the result of
the fact that it has been written as a pilot-project-gone-awry in
combination with the fact that certain aspects of the environment (Mac
OS X) played foul with my original architecture ideas (it just did not
work at that time). Mac OS X has improved since, but i-Installer would
have to be rewritten to benefit. That is only going to happen if I win
the lottery and do not have to work for al living anymore...
You won't believe it, but this
program actually has attracted fan mail
(and some hate mail). An edited selection of&fan mail can be
Introduction
Welcome to the i-Installer
Home page. i-Installer is a
network-aware installer application for Mac OS X 10.2
or higher.
It installs i-Packages
which are directories with a name
ending on .ii2 and which contain a set of files. An in-depth
introduction (in fact: the i-Installer Help Book) can be found here.
i-Installer is
a generic software install and configuration application. It can
install socalled i-Packages, which are wrappers (directories containing
files) with names ending on .ii2 and which will look like files in most
applications (like the Finder). i-Packages can be updated and
downloaded from remote locations. Most of this will happen
automcatically.
i-Packages may
have the following functionality:
Installation (and subsequent
Configuration)
(re-)Configuration
Uninstallation (removal)
i-Packages may be interactive
in a limited way. i-installer
provides the package with access to several predefined sheets that can
be displayed on the package window. That way, especially configuration
can involve the user. (In other words: install TeX and select formats,
languages in a GUI, install ghostscript and be offered a choice to add
TeX's type1 fonts to an installed ghostscript).
i-Packages exist just like
other wrappers: on your hard disk. You
can create
packages from
remote URL locations by entering an URL (like
http://www.ntg.nl/macosx-tex/i-packages/texmf.ii2 in a panel.
However, the
easiest way to create packages on disk from remote locations is using a
"Known Packages" menu. This will list a series of packages and their
location for you to choose from, called an i-Directory. The
i-Directories may be local files or web based. As of Jan 1, 2007, the
current set is (this may change without notice):
http://tug.org/i-packages/iid/gwrelative.iid
http://www.ntg.nl/macosx-tex/i-packages/iid/gwrelative.iid
http://www.math.utah.edu/ftp/pub/i-packages/iid/gwrelative.iid
http://bloch.ling.yale.edu/i-packages/iid/gwrelative.iid
These refer to each other in a circular manner . You can influence both
the default i-Directory to use and the amount of descend into te web of
i-Directories in i-Installers preferences. You can travel the
i-Directory web in the Known Packages window. There exists a separate
repository for experimental versions of my i-Packages:
http://bloch.ling.yale.edu/i-packages/experimental/iid/gwrelative.iid
following packages are available
from me (unsupported):
TeX-related:
(based on a subset of TeX Live). This include installs of TeX4ht, Latin
Modern fonts (scalable fonts for
PostScript/PDF) and XeTeX
CM Super&(PostScript/PDF
vector versions of TeX fonts).
This provides support for vector versions of TeX fonts so you can make
scalable PDF documents that look good at any resolution, including
screen resolution. This package is not required. It is roughly 60MB in
size. These are deprecated, you should use the Latin Modern fonts
(Greek fonts and support)
(Support for typesetting music)
ConTeXt updater.
ConTeXt is a powerful alternative to LaTeX.
It is very actively maintained and regularly updated versions or betas
are released by its author Hans Hagen of Pragma ADE. My server checks
for updates every night and if there has been a change, automatically
rebuilds the i-Package from the new materials. Combined with
i-Installer's check for updates this provides with a completely
automatic way to check for ConTeXt updates.
Gerd Neugebauer's BibTool.
Command line bibliography file
(.bib) manipulation.
LaTeX to RTF
RTF 2 LaTeX2e
Support for various graphic
formats and conversions.
Ghostscript 8
the free PostScript interpreter. You need this for
TeX if you want to use PS-dependent TeX tricks, old projects, etc
Eddie Kohler's LCDF Typetools
(these are also part of the TeX
i-Package)
ImageMagick
(image conversion and manipulation)
Tools and Library
Tools and Library
conversion support
conversion support (only required on Mac OS X
versions before 10.3)
(MS Word conversion)
Support for font
conversions.
(tool for unpacking Mac Fonts)
(formerly PfaEdit)
TrueType to PostScript Type1 font conversion
System utilities and
and binhex cli
i-Installer
itself (naturally)
Xaw3d Library
for X11R6 (3D widgets)
Applications
PostScript viewer (requires an X11-installation)
drawing program (requires an X11-installation)
Some others provide i-Packages
as well. There is a package for the
JOVE emacs-like command line editor, provided by Tom Hageman.
Warning: as i-Installer
depends on the web, you may encounter long
time outs when servers are busy. See the performance section in
i-Installer Help for more info.
i-Installer offers the
possibility for regular backgound (no need
to start i-Installer, no need to be logged in) checking for new
releases of packages you have available.
The i-Installer application
download can be found here: II2.dmg.
This will download a disk image. A disk image is a file that contains
an image of a disk. Such a file can be used just like a disk can. You
need to mount
that disk image. Mounting a disk image can be
done by double clicking it in the Finder.
When the disk image has been
mounted, you will have an extra `disk'
listed in your Finder window. On it you will find two files, a README
file and an APple Installer.app .pkg. To install i-Installer, install
the .pkg. Once installed, i-Installer can be used to update
Run i-Installer and (if you are
connected to the internet) select
the Known Packages submenu. You will be presented with a list of known
packages. See my
more information on the TeX i-Packages and volumes and possible mirror
locations.
The i-Installer volume is also
mirrored. The following mirrors are
available:
(TUG mirror, FTP).
are hereby granted permission to mirror the i-Installer
volume, under the following conditions:
The mirror image should not
be older than a day (you need to
synchronize at least once a day)
You make clear on your
distribution site that you are offering a
copy of my distribution and you link to this web page
i-Installer was designed and
written by Gerben Wierda. The
beautiful icons were designed by J&r&me Laurens.
i-Installer Know How
E-mail about i-Installer can
be sent to ii2
at rna dot nl.
Note that this
address may be protected by an anti SPAM system, in which case
you'll&get a robot-reply to tell you how to reach me.
Please read the top of this page carefully. Bugs may be reported
but I do not support this software anymore except for my personal use,
hence, fixes may or may not come and may take a long time to come. If
you report a bug, make sure to include.
What you did.
Your OS version and what
you can tell me about what is
installed.
For i-Installer and
i-Packages
In case of an
i-Installer crash: the crash log.
In all cases: the log
output in Console.app. If the
problem is reproducible, set i-Installer to a higher log level (e.g. 6)
and recreate the problem. Send me that Console.app output.
The contents of a
report (see below) *after* the error has
occurred. In case of a crash, from before the crash occurs.
i-Installer has a menu
option Create
Report in the i-Package
which you should use preferably and if possible. This creates a report
on settings, properties, output, etc. of you i-Package. If you select
the menu item, a special tab view opens in the i-Package window. There
you find a mail button to send it to me.
i-Installer
or i-Package Foo does not
work on 10.2 and older!
Correct. Mac OS X 10.2
and older versions are not
supported.&Mac OS X 10.1 and older are not supported at all and no
i-Installer version will run on them. For Mac OS X 10.2 you can
download a
volume of 357MB which contains a snapshot of i-Installer.app and
all my i-Packages from Jan 24, 2006. All of these should install and
work on Mac OS X 10.2. However, there have been so few users actually
running 10.2 lately that this is not guaranteed.
Sadly, No. The problem is
mainly that the stuff in Cocoa I have
used did not support this in the past. Only later versions of Cocoa
have support for this and enabling this would require a complete
rewrite of the download object (and dropping support for Mac OS X
10.2). This might happen, but not soon, and the main problem for me
would be that I would be unable to test it (as I am not behind such a
proxy myself).
What you can do instead is
to download the package entirely
through other means (like wget) and then use it from disk with network
access for i-installer turned off.
A possible reason is that
there is a cache between you and where
your are downloading from and this cache is misbehaving. It is offering
you an old version of the checksum or the table of contents even if
there is a new version available *and* it is instructed by i-Installer
to ignore caching (check your preferene setting on this).
An other possible reason is
that you have been trying to update
while the package was being updated. There is a protection against this
in i-Installer, but this is not 100% proof as it would lead to
unacceptable response times. If this is reproducable (i.e. it happens
when you hit update again say one hour later) this update problem is
not the cause.
It is as far as I know
impossible for there to be another cause.
i-Installer downloads the new table of contents and saves this
(reporting download or write errors along the way). Then it checks the
new table of contents (which has been downloaded) against the remote
md5 checksum.
i-Installer has a preference
for this. You can tell it to check
all i-Packages in the default save directory on a regular basis. You
will get mail when one of them have been updated. See i-Installer help
for details.
If you want to create a
background check for packages in other
locations, or just a few of the packages in your default save location,
you need some unix knowledge. i-Installer writes its setting for this
feature in the cron
system. If you know how to edit this, you
can easily copy and adapt the example that i-Installer writes there
i-Installer itself minimizes
web traffic by only downloading what
is necessary for the action you want to perform (i.e. for removal, only
the removal script is downloaded, not the archive itself). Read the
help on inspection of archives to find out how inspection web traffic
is minimized.
However, there is one thing
you can do yourself. Suppose you have
a package installed and an update has become available. You want to
know if it is necessary to update and what will be downloaded, before
actually doing the download, which you may want to do at another time.
Here is how you go about it:
Update the package (in the
properties tab, click the update
button). Note: this will remove any parts of the local package that
have changed. So if your package is complete (fattened), back it up
first en restore it if you decide you want to go back to the old
situation. The message view will tell you which files have changed and
have therefore been removed locally.
Now, in the inspect tab,
you can see which files are available.
Suppose the archive (normally the biggest part) has been removed
because it has changed. Inspect the README (which should have been
changed as well). The README should tell you (if the package maintainer
is doing his work properly) what has changed and you can decide if you
want the update or not. If you do not, you may restore the backup to
get your old situation back.
I do not have a (fast)
internet connection. What should I do?
Note: This procedure is
very wasteful. You will be downloading everything in an i-Package, far
more than you need. Also, this only works for my repository which is
available via ftp.
Go to a machine that
has a fast internet connection. Any machine will do, but the following
instructions are based on a unix machine using the ncftp
command. If you go to a Windows machine, do the equivalent, but then in
Windows (and I do not know how).
Change directory to where
you want the i-Packages. E.g. cd
Get the i-Packages (approximately 300MB!):
-R ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/comp/macosx/i-packages
Get i-Installer:
ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/comp/macosx/volumes/ii2/II2.dmg
Copy the i-packages directory and II2.dmg to an USB stick or a
CD and bring it to your Mac.
On your Mac, open II2.dmg and install the Installer.app .pkg on
that volume.
Log out and log in (to get .ii2 and .iid recognized by the
system, this might not be needed on recent versions of the OS)
Double click &wherever
your stuff is&/i-packages/iid/gwrelative.iid
Open and install the i-Packages you require
Ignore all i-Installer warnings you get about not being able to find
stuff on the internet. Best is to start i-Installer, and set network
preferences to no network traffic at all.
When i-Installer is
performing a set of activities, most buttons
are disabled. This is because the implementation of a combination of
parallel activities is incomplete. When you download the archive
because you want to install, hitting Inspect for that archive would
start the same download and check set. These two sets would currently
interfere.
Secondly, a package may be
'locked' (you see the small lock
button on the package window). This is a protection against
accidentally modifying a package hat is in 'useful' state. i-Installer
will not modify the locked package (e.g. updating, fattening, etc). For
instance, I ship a TeX volume with on it the latest i-Installer program
and two i-Packages (TeX and ghostscript). Ghostscript is complete
(fat). TeX is complete for a standard installation. Both are locked.
They cannot be changed because they are on a read-only volume. But
locking them also prevents i-Installer from actually trying. If you
want to change such a package (e.g. update it), the best thing to do is
first copy it to the default
save directory of i-Installer,
open it and unlock it.
Thirdly, i-Packages may be retired and these only support
uninstalling.
This means that the package
provider has included existing
directories in the gnutar archive and gnutar creates these with the
ownership in the archive, even if they already exist with another
owner. The package provider can solve this problem by not providing
directories, only the files in the directories. In that case
directories are created when unavailable but not recreated or changed
ownership when already available.