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大学英语语法 第二讲数 词
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Chinese Turn Bullish On Booze And Caterpillar Fungus
For generations, Chinese men looking for a dose of vigor have sworn by a traditional remedy: fungus harvested from dead caterpillars, known in some quarters these days as Himalayan Viagra.
Now Chinese investors are using the rare fungus to try to boost something else -- their investment returns. The fungus has doubled in price over the past two years and the top grade now fetches more than $11,500 a pound, according to Fuzhou-based brokerage firm Industrial Securities.
With Chinese stocks falling, real-estate markets flat and bank deposits offering measly returns, Chinese investors have been looking for help in strange places. Besides traditional medicinal products, they are plowing money into art-based stock markets, homegrown liquors, mahogany furniture and jade, among other decidedly non-Western asset classes.
'On a micro level, speculation has appeared,' says Long Xingchao, president of the information center of the China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The association says prices of traditional medicines, including red ginseng and false starwort, have surged since 2010, partly because of speculators. Mr. Long insists, however, that a price bubble isn't forming. 'There's nothing to pop,' he says.
Newfangled exchanges are sprouting across China to take advantage of the excitement. Nanjing Pharmaceutical Co. set up an exchange last year for trading traditional medicines such as deer antler. In November it extended hours so investors could trade when they get home from work. 'Expanding the hours gives investors more time to make a profit,' the exchange said on its website.
Exchanges have popped up that allow investors to buy and sell shares of individual works of art. In the city of Tianjin last summer, an unnamed seller floated about 30 million shares of a painting called 'Eternal Lotus Wind,' at an initial price of 1.61 yuan apiece -- about 25 cents. Within two days, investors had bid the shares up 52%, valuing the painting at about $11.5 million. Then the
they now trade at 36% below the initial offering price.
Cui Ruzhuo, who painted 'Eternal Lotus Wind' but didn't profit from the offering, says the art market still has legs. 'We still haven't arrived at the high point,' he says.
Investors are taking to drink, as well. Maotai -- the most popular variant of a homegrown liquor called baijiu, and once a favorite of Chairman Mao -- now sells for more than $300 a bottle, double the price a year ago.
'In the past, baijiu was only for consumption,' says Liu Xiaowei, chairman of auction house Beijing Googut Auction Co., which held a baijiu action last month. 'But now it's also a collectors' item and for investment.'
At the December auction, a businessman from Jiangsu province dropped $8,300 on two dozen bottles of liquor of uncertain vintage -- their water-stained cardboard packaging suggested they were old -- almost four times the starting price on the auction docket. 'If I held these for a while, I could definitely make some money,' said the buyer, who didn't provide his full name.
China's banks are getting in on the action. Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd., China's biggest state-owned lender by assets, set up a fund for customers to invest in high-end pu'er tea, marketing it as a low-risk investment. China Merchants Bank Co. is planning to allow some customers to trade diamonds through its website.
Auction house Googut helped three banks set up bank-run investment funds for customers to invest in baijiu and other liquors. Mr. Liu, Googut's chairman, said the funds are eyeing an annual return of about 20%.
The problem for Chinese investors is that returns have evaporated from more traditional markets. Real estate was once China's favorite investment, but government efforts to contain price increases and keep housing affordable have led to price stagnation and even declines in some cities. China's major stock exchange in Shanghai is down almost 20% since the beginning of 2011. Bank deposit rates are lower than the pace of inflation, meaning savers effectively pay banks for the privilege of handling their money.
'There really are very few investment channels,' says Ren Jun, a 30-year-old media entrepreneur with investments in contemporary art, antiques, gold and silver. 'That's why I'm kind of forcing myself to be brave in trying new options.'
China's central government is less than intoxicated by the investment party. It said in November it would tighten oversight of Chinese asset exchanges, warning of 'serious speculation and price manipulation' among some and adding that some 'managers have run off with clients' funds.'
Some of the biggest boom-and-busts have taken place at art exchanges.
'Roaring Yellow River,' a traditional landscape painting by the late artist Bai Gengyan, was the first work listed last year by the Tianjin Cultural Artwork Exchange. Within two months of the offering, shares were trading at nearly $3 each, up from about 15 cents, valuing the painting at about $18 million. The previous auction high for the artist's work was a bit more than $600,000.
About two months after the offering, the Tianjin city government suspended trading in 'Roaring Yellow River' and another painting, and the exchange imposed limits on daily and monthly price changes. Shares of 'Roaring Yellow River' now trade at about 20 cents, down more than 90% from their peak.
Shanghai financial-software designer Jimmy Wang sunk about $790,000 into shares of a pink diamond and a jade pendant traded on the same exchange, putting up his house as collateral to finance the investment. He says he has lost as much as 2.7 million yuan. 'So basically I've lost my house to the bank and I am struggling to pay the interest,' he says.
Such hard-luck stories haven't slowed the hunt for the next great investment.
Wang Jingbo, chief executive of wealth-management company Noah Holdings Ltd. in Shanghai, said late last year she was considering recommending to clients a fund that invests in high-end watches. Googut's Mr. Liu believes the next market to watch is white jade.
Mr. Ren, the media entrepreneur, says he is looking at diamonds. 'While silver and gold may see fluctuations depending on international markets,' he contends, 'the price of diamonds never drops.'
Dinny McMahon一
代又一代想壮阳的中国男人一直迷信一种传统中药，那就是冬虫夏草。这是一种寄生在死去的毛毛虫体内的真菌，今天在某些地方被称为&喜马拉雅伟哥&。
现在，中国的投资者正试图利用这种稀有真菌来提振他们的另外一样东西：投资回报。据福州经纪商兴业证券(Industrial Securities)的数据，虫草的价格在过去两年翻了一倍，顶级虫草的价格现在达到了每磅11,500美元（约合每公斤20万元）以上。
在中国股市下跌、房地产市场停滞、银行存款回报微不足道的情况下，中国投资者一直在一些奇怪的领域寻找帮助。除了传统中药产品之外，他们还把资金投到了艺术品份额、国产烈酒、红木家具以及玉石等产品上，所有这些都与西方的资产类别格格不入。
中国中药协会(China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine)中药材信息中心主任龙兴超说，从微观层面看，投机已经显现。该协会说，自2010年以来，红参，太子参等中药的价格已经大幅上涨，部分原因就在于投机。但龙兴超坚持认为并未形成价格泡沫。他说，既然没有泡沫，也就不会破裂。
为利用这一热潮获利，中国各地涌现出各种花样迭出的交易所。南京医药股份有限公司(Nanjing Pharmaceutical Co.)去年设立了一个交易所交易鹿角等中药，2011年11月，交易所延长了交易时间，这样一来投资者下班回家后还能交易。该交易所在网站上说，延长交易时间让投资者&坐在家里也赚钱&。
允许投资者买卖单件艺术品份额的交易所也已经出现。去年夏季，天津一位未具名卖家发售画作《荷风千秋》的3,000万份额，首发价格是每份1.61元（约合25美分）。两天后，投资者就将其价格捧高52%，使画作的估值达到了约1,150万美元。之后，份额价格开始下跌，当前的价格比最初发行价低36%。
《荷风千秋》的作者崔如琢并没有从份额发行中获利。他说，艺术品市场仍有支撑，现在还没有到达高点。
投资者还对白酒产生了兴趣。茅台酒现在每瓶价格在300美元以上，比一年前翻了一番。茅台是中国最受欢迎的白酒，曾经为毛主席所锺爱。
北京歌德拍卖有限公司(Beijing Googut Auction Co.)上个月举行过一场白酒拍卖会。该公司董事长刘晓伟说，白酒在过去仅用于消费，但现在也被藏家收藏用于投资。
在去年12月份那场拍卖会上，一位来自江苏的商人花8,300美元买了24瓶年份不明的白酒（从布满水渍的纸箱包装来看，年代应该比较久），接近拍卖起价的四倍。这位没有透露全名的买家说，如果持有一段时间，肯定能赚一笔钱。
中国的银行也开始参与其中。中国资产规模最大的国有借贷机构──中国工商银行(Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd.)建立了一个让客户投资高端普洱茶的投资基金，将其作为低风险投资推向市场。招商银行(China Merchants Bank Co.)正打算开始允许一些客户在其网站上进行钻石交易。
歌德拍卖有限公司已经帮助三家银行设立了由银行运营的投资基金，让客户能够投资白酒和其他酒类。歌德公司的刘晓伟说，基金期待有20%左右的年回报率。
中国投资者面对的问题是，来自更加传统市场的回报已经消失。房地产曾是中国人最青睐的投资项目，但是政府控制房价增长、让房价保持在可承受的范围的努力导致了房价的停滞不前，甚至在一些城市有所下降。中国在上海的主要股票交易所从2011年初开始下跌了约20%。银行存款利率赶不上通货膨胀的步伐，这意味着存款人事实上在付钱让银行使用他们的钱。
Beijing Googut Auction House
在去年12月份的一场拍卖会上，一位来自江苏的商人花8,300美元买了24瓶年份不明的白酒。
投资当代艺术、古董以及黄金和白银的30岁媒体企业家任军（音）说，投资的渠道真是太少了。他说，正因为如此，我在一定程度上强迫我自己大胆尝试新的投资选择。
中国中央政府对这场投资盛宴则没那么兴奋。中国政府曾在11月表示将加强对中国资产交易的监管，提出要警惕一些人严重的投机和价格操纵行为，还说一些经理已经携客户的资金逃跑。
一些最大的起落来自艺术品交易。
由已故艺术家白庚延创作的传统山水画《黄河西来决昆仑咆哮万里触龙门》（简称《黄河咆哮》）是去年由天津市文化艺术品交易所(Tianjin Cultural Artwork Exchange)上市的第一幅作品。在上市两个月的时间里，该作品份额的交易价格从每股15美分上涨到了近3美元，总价值达到约1800万美元。这位艺术家的作品此前拍卖的最高价格略高于60万美元。
在上市两个月之后，天津市政府暂停了《黄河咆哮》和另一幅作品的份额交易，交易所为每天和每月的价格波动设立了限额。现在《黄河咆哮》的份额价格约为每股20美分，与最高值相比下降了90%。
上海金融软件设计者Jimmy Wang为在同一个交易所进行交易的一颗粉色钻石和一个玉挂件的份额投入约79万美元，并以自己的房屋担保为这笔投资融资。他说自己已经损失至多270万元人民币。他说，我基本上已经把房子输给银行了，我还在为偿还利息而挣扎。
类似的倒霉故事并没有让人们放慢寻找下一个大投资项目的脚步。
上海财富管理公司诺亚财富(Noah Holdings Ltd.)总裁汪静波在去年年底说，她在考虑向客户推荐一个投资高端手表的基金。歌德公司的刘晓伟则认为，下一个值得关注的市场是白玉市场。
媒体企业家任军说，他看好钻石。他认为，黄金和白银可能会跟着国际市场波动，但是钻石的价格从来不会降。
Dinny McMahon
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