Be Tick Free - A Guide for Preventing Lyme Disease
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Be Tick Free - A Guide for Preventing Lyme Disease
Lyme Disease in New York State
The New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) and local health departments continue to investigate the spread of Lyme disease throughout New York State. Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by the bite of an infected deer tick. Untreated, the disease can cause a number of health problems. Patients treated with antibiotics in the early stage of the infection usually recover rapidly and completely. Since Lyme disease first became reportable in 1986, over 98,500 cases have been confirmed in New York State.
What is Lyme Disease?
Lyme disease is caused by bacteria transmitted by the deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) . Lyme disease may cause symptoms affecting the skin, nervous system, heart and/or joints of an individual. Over 98,500 cases have been reported to the New York State Department of Health since Lyme disease became reportable in 1986.
Who gets Lyme disease?
Lyme disease can affect people of any age. People who spend time in grassy and wooded environments are at an increased risk of exposure. The chances of being bitten by a deer tick are greater during times of the year when ticks are most active. Young deer ticks, called nymphs, are active from mid-May to mid-August and are about the size of poppy seeds. Adult ticks, which are approximately the size of sesame seeds, are most active from March to mid-May and from mid-August to November. Both nymphs and adults can transmit Lyme disease. Ticks can be active any time the temperature is above freezing. Infected deer ticks can be found throughout New York State.
How is Lyme disease transmitted?
Not all deer ticks are infected with the bacteria that cause Lyme disease. Ticks can become infected if they feed on small animals that are infected. The disease can be spread when an infected tick bites a person and stays attached for a period of time. In most cases, the tick must be attached for 36 hours or more before the bacteria can be transmitted. Lyme disease does not spread from one person to another. Transfer of the bacteria from an infected pregnant woman to the fetus is extremely rare.
What are the symptoms of Lyme disease?
In 60-80 percent of cases, a rash resembling a bull's eye or solid patch, about two inches in diameter, appears and expands around or near the site of the bite. Sometimes, multiple rash sites appear. The early stage of Lyme disease is usually marked by one or more of the following symptoms: chills and fever, headache, fatigue, stiff neck, muscle and/or joint pain, and swollen glands. If Lyme disease is unrecognized or untreated in the early stage, more severe symptoms may occur. As the disease progresses, severe fatigue, a stiff aching neck, and tingling or numbness in the arms and legs, or facial paralysis can occur. The most severe symptoms of Lyme disease may not appear until weeks, months or years after the tick bite. These can include severe headaches, painful arthritis, swelling of the joints, and heart and central nervous system problems.
When do symptoms appear?
Early symptoms usually appear within three to 30 days after the bite of an infected tick.
Does past infection with Lyme disease make a person immune?
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection. Even if successfully treated, a person may become reinfected if bitten later by another infected tick.
What is the treatment for Lyme disease?
Early treatment of Lyme disease involves antibiotics and almost always results in a full cure. However, the chances of a complete cure decrease if treatment is delayed.
What can I do to prevent Lyme disease?
Deer ticks live in shady, moist areas at ground level. They will cling to tall grass, brush and shrubs, usually no more than 18-24 inches off the ground. They also live in lawns and gardens, especially at the edges of woods and around old stone walls. Deer ticks cannot jump or fly, and do not drop onto passing people or animals. They get on humans and animals only by direct contact. Once a tick gets on the skin, it generally climbs upward until it reaches a protected area.
In tick-infested areas, your best protection is to avoid contact with soil, leaf litter and vegetation. However, if you garden, hike, camp, hunt, work, or otherwise spend time in the outdoors, you can still protect yourself:
Wear light-colored clothing with a tight weave to spot ticks easily.
Wear enclosed shoes, long pants and a long-sleeved shirt. Tuck pant legs into socks or boots and shirt into pants.
Check clothes and any exposed skin frequently for ticks while outdoors and check again once indoors.
Consider using insect repellent. Follow label directions.
Stay on cleared, well-traveled trails. Avoid contacting vegetation.
Avoid sitting directly on the ground or on stone walls.
Keep long hair tied back, especially when gardening.
Tick Life Cycle
Deer Tick Life Cycle
The deer tick passes through four life stages (egg, larva, nymph, adult), over a two year period
Egg to Larvae
Eggs are fertilized in the fall and deposited in leaf litter the following spring. They emerge as larvae in late summer of that year, seeking their first blood meal. The tiny larva crawls around the forest floor and onto low-lying vegetation looking for an appropriate host. Their first host is generally a mouse or other medium-sized mammal or bird. Once attached, the larvae embed their mouth parts and feed for several days. If the host is infected with a disease such as Lyme, the tick may be infected during this feeding. The larvae then drop off their host into the leaf litter where they molt into the next stage, the nymph, remaining dormant until the following spring.
Larvae to Nymph
During the spring and early summer of the next year the nymphs end their dormancy and begin to seek a host. Nymphs are commonly found on the forest floor in leaf litter and on low lying vegetation. Their host primarily consists of mice and other rodents, deer, birds and unfortunately humans. Most cases of Lyme disease are reported from May through August, which corresponds to the peak activity period for nymphs. This suggests that the majority of Lyme disease cases are transmitted by nymphal deer ticks. After feeding for several days the nymph ticks drop off to the forest floor.
Nymph to Adult
Over the next few months the nymph molts into the larger adult tick, which emerges in fall, with a peak in October through November. Both male and female adults find and feed on a host, then the females lay eggs sometime after feeding.
Adult ticks wait for host animals from the tips of grasses and shrubs approximately one meter above the ground. When an animal or person brushes by the vegetation, they quickly let go and climb onto the host. Adult ticks feed on their host for five to seven days. The female will become engorged with blood, providing nourishment for her developing eggs. After feeding and mating, the female tick drops into the leaf litter where she lays thousands of eggs. She will become dormant as the temperature drops below 40& F.
Tick Facts
T they cannot fly or jump. Ticks found on the scalp have usually crawled there from lower parts of the body. Some species of ticks will crawl several feet toward a host. Ticks can be active on winter days when the ground temperatures are above 45 degrees Fahrenheit.
There are two groups of ticks, sometimes called &hard& ticks and &soft& ticks. Hard ticks, like the common dog tick and Deer tick, have a hard shield just behind the mouthparts (sometimes incorrectly called the &head&); unfed hard ticks are shaped like a flat seed. Soft ticks do not have the hard shield and they are shaped like a small raisin. Soft ticks prefer to feed on birds or bats and are seldom encountered unless these animals are nesting or roosting in an occupied building.
The most commonly encountered ticks in New York State are the deer tick, American dog tick, and lone star tick.
How to Remove a Tick
You find a tick attached to you or your child!Now what?
Don't panic. Not all ticks are infected, and your risk of acquiring Lyme disease is greatly reduced if the tick is removed within the first 36 hours after attachment.
Remove the tick promptly and properly:
Using tweezers, grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible.
Gently pull the tick in a steady, upward motion.
Wash the area with a disinfectant.
When trying to remove the tick:
DO NOT touch the tick with your bare hands.
DO NOT squeeze the body of the tick as this may increase your risk of infection.
DO NOT put alcohol, nail polish remover or Vaseline on the tick.
DO NOT put a hot match or cigarette on the tick in an effort to make it &back out.&
DO NOT use your fingers to remove the tick.
These methods do not work and only increase the likelihood the tick will transmit Lyme disease to you. Applying alcohol, nail polish remover, or a hot match can irritate a tick and cause it to regurgitate its gut contents into your skin. The gut contents of a tick can contain the Lyme disease-causing bacterium.
While removing a tick, if the tick's mouthparts break off and remain in your skin, don't worry. The mouthparts alone cannot transmit Lyme disease, because the infective body of the tick is no longer attached. The mouthparts can be left alone. They will dry up and fall out by themselves in a few days, or you can remove them as you would a splinter.
After cleaning the area, watch the site of the bite for the appearance of a rash 3 to 30 days after the bite. The rash will usually be at least 2 inches in diameter initially and will gradually expand to several inches in size. Rashes smaller than the size of a quarter are usually a reaction to the bite itself and do not mean you have Lyme disease.
If you develop this type of rash or flu-like symptoms, contact your health care provider immediately. Although not routinely recommended, taking antibiotics within three days after a tick bite may be beneficial for some persons. This would apply to deer tick bites that occured in areas where Lyme disease is common and there is evidence that the tick fed for more than one day. In cases like this you should discuss the possibilities with your doctor or licensed health care provider.
Creating a Tick-Free Zone Around Your Home
While deer ticks are most abundant in wooded areas, they are also commonly found in our lawns and shrubs. There are a number of measures homeowners can take to reduce the possibility of being bitten by a tick on their property.
Ticks and their primary hosts - mice, chipmunks and other small mammals - need moisture, a place away from direct sunlight and a place to hide. The cleaner you keep the area around the house, the less likely your chances of being bitten by a tick.
Although it may not be possible to create a totally tick-free zone, taking the following precautions will greatly reduce the tick population in your yard.
Keep grass mowed.
Remove leaf litter, brush and weeds at the edge of the lawn.
Restrict the use of groundcover, such as pachysandra in areas frequented by family and roaming pets.
Remove brush and leaves around stonewalls and wood piles.
Discourage rodent activity. Clean up and seal stonewalls and small openings around the home.
Move firewood piles and bird feeders away from the house.
M keep dogs and cats out of the woods to reduce ticks brought into the home.
Use plantings that do not attract deer (contact your local Cooperative Extension or garden center for suggestions) or exclude deer through various types of fencing.
Move children's swing sets and sand boxes away from the woodland edge and place them on a wood chip or mulch type foundation.
Trim tree branches and shrubs around the lawn edge to let in more sunlight.
Adopt dryer or less water-demanding landscaping techniques with gravel pathways and mulches. Create a 3-foot or wider wood chip, mulch, or gravel border between lawn and woods or stonewalls. Consider areas with decking, tile, gravel and border or container plantings in areas by the house or frequently traveled.
Widen woodland trails.
If you consider a pesticide application as a targeted treatment, do not use any pesticide near streams or any body of water, as it may kill aquatic life or pollute the water itself.
Always read and follow pesticide label directions and precautions
Tick and Insect Repellents: Deciding on Their Use
There are many different products on the market, with different ingredients, concentrations and effectiveness. The most effective contain DEET, permethrin (only to be applied on clothing), picaridin or oil of lemon eucalyptus. If you decide to use one, be sure to follow label directions and apply repellent carefully.
About Insect Repellents
DEET (the label may say N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) comes in many different concentrations, with percentages as low as five percent or as high as 100 percent. In general, the higher the concentration the higher the protection, but the risk of negative health effects goes up, too. Use the lowest concentration that you think will provide the protection you need.
Picaridin (also known as KBR3023) and oil of lemon eucalyptus were registered for use in New York State in 2005. Both repellents have been shown to offer long-lasting protection against mosquito bites but there are limited data regarding their ability to repel ticks.
Products containing permethrin are for use on clothing only , not on skin. Permethrin kills ticks and insects that come in contact with treated clothes. Permethrin products can cause eye irritation, particularly if label directions have not been followed. Animal studies indicate that permethrin may have some cancer-causing potential. Permethrin is effective for two weeks or more if the clothing is not washed. Keep treated clothing in a plastic bag when not in use.
If you decide to use any kind of repellent, carefully read and follow all label directions before each use. On the labels, you will find important information about how to apply the repellent, whether it can be applied to skin and/or clothing, special instructions for children, hazards to humans, physical or chemical hazards and first aid.
Children, Pregnant Women and Repellents
Children may be at greater risk for adverse reactions to repellents, in part, because their exposure may be greater.
Keep repellents out of the reach of children.
Do not allow children to apply repellents to themselves.
Use only small amounts of repellent on children.
Do not apply repellents to the hands of young children because this may result in accidental eye contact or ingestion.
Try to reduce the use of repellents by dressing children in long sleeves and long pants tucked into boots or socks whenever possible. Use netting over strollers, playpens, etc.
As with chemical exposures in general, pregnant women should take care to avoid exposures to repellents when practical, as the fetus may be vulnerable.
Considerations
When thinking about using a repellent, consider a combination of things, including where you are, how long you will be outside and how bad the bugs are, and if those bugs carry disease. Every situation is different. Use the following questions to make a &profile& that fits your situation - this may help you decide if you want to use a repellent, and if so, which kind.
What type of pest are you concerned about?
Ticks may be more difficult to repel than mosquitoes. Repellents provide some protection against ticks, as does wearing lightcolored, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, with bottoms tucked into socks and boots.
When will you be outside? Where will you be?
Some pests are more active at certain times. For example, some mosquitoes are most active between dusk and dawn. Ticks may be active at any time of day. Some places are more likely to have higher activity too. Mosquitoes generally live in areas with brush and trees. Ticks prefer areas with tall grass, brush and trees.
How long will you be outside?
Are you doing some gardening, going on a hike, camping for a week? The longer you are out, the more protection you may need. Some people exposed to high numbers of ticks and mosquitoes for long periods of time use a two-part approach. With this approach, about 33 percent DEET in a controlled release formula is applied on exposed skin, and clothing is treated with permethrin. If, on the other hand, you are going to do some yard work or have a picnic during mid-day when mosquito activity is low and you decide to use an insect repellent, DEET concentrations as low as five percent may provide sufficient protection from mosquito bites for up to about four hours.
Remember! If you decide to use a repellent, use only what and how much you need for your situation.
Lyme Disease and Pets
Lyme disease is not limited to humans. Veterinarians have reported Lyme in both dogs and cats. Just as with humans, it is important for animals to avoid tick bites and receive prompt treatment for Lyme disease.
Tick Bite Prevention:
When walking or exercising your pet outdoors, try to keep it away from grassy or wooded areas and leafy debris.
Check your pet regularly for ticks, especially after any trips through grassy or wooded areas. Comb through your pet's hair thoroughly.
If you find a find a tick, remove it promptly.
Consult your veterinarian about treating your dog or cat with tick-killing pesticides (acaricides) or using tick collars. There are many pesticides aimed at preventing tick bites, but some people and animals may be sensitive to the chemicals they contain.
There is currently a Lyme disease vaccine available for dogs. However, there are varying opinions on its effectiveness. Consult your veterinarian about the vaccine.
If you find several ticks on your dog, you may wish to discuss an insecticidal bath with your veterinarian or groomer.
Symptoms of Lyme Disease in Pets:
Symptoms of Lyme disease in animals are similar to the symptoms in humans. Although you will not see a skin rash on your pet, they can experience a range of symptoms:
In dogs: Some infected dogs do not experience any symptoms of Lyme disease. Symptoms include lethargy, arthritis (displayed as joint pain, shifting from foot to foot, and lameness), fever, fatigue, and kidney damage. Symptoms can become chronic.
In cats: While there is some debate about whether cats suffer from Lyme disease, cats are thought to be highly resistant to the disease.
Treatment of Lyme Disease in Pets:
As with humans, animals are generally treated for Lyme disease with certain antibiotics. However, you should consult your veterinarian about proper treatment of your pet.
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CONNECT WITH USRepair - definition of repair by The Free Dictionary /repair
repair Also found in: , , , , , , , .
re·pair 1
(rĭ-p?r′)v.
re·paired, re·pair·ing, re·pairs v.tr.1.
To restore to sound condition af fix: repaired the broken watch.2.
T remedy: repair an oversight.3.
To restore or renew: repair the immune system.4.
To make up for or compensate for (a loss or wrong, for example).v.intr. To make repairs.n.1. a.
The work, act, or process of repairing.b.
repairs An instance or a result of repairing: The accident resulted in a costly repair to the car. My bike is in the shop for repairs.2. a.
The state of being fit for use: The furnace is out of repair.b.
General condition after use or repairing: in good repair.[Middle English reparen, repairen, from Old French reparer, from Latin reparāre : re-, re- + parāre, to prepare, put in order; see
in .]re·pair′a·bil′i·ty n.re·pair′a·ble adj.re·pair′a·bly adv.re·pair′er n.re·pair 2
(rĭ-p?r′)intr.v.
re·paired, re·pair·ing, re·pairs 1.
T go: repair to the dining room.2.
To go frequently or habitually: repairs to the restaurant every week.n. Archaic 1.
An act of going or sojourning: our annual repair to the mountains.2.
A place to which one goes freq a haunt.[Middle English repairen, to return, from Old French repairier, from Late Latin repatriāre, to return to one's country; see
repatriate.]repair (r?'p??) vb (tr) 1. to restore (something damaged or broken) to good condition or working order2. to heal (a breach or division) in (something): to repair a broken marriage. 3. to make good or make amends for (a mistake, injury, etc)n4. the act, task, or process of repairing5. a part that has been repaired6. state or condition: in good repair. [C14: from Old French reparer, from Latin reparāre, from re- + parāre to make ready] re'pairable adj re'pairer nrepair (r?'p??) vb (intr) 1.
(usually foll by to) to go (to a place): to repair to the country. 2.
(usually foll by to) to have recourse (to) for help, etc: to repair to one's lawyer. 3.
(usually foll by from) archaic returnn4. the act of going or returning5. a haunt or resort[C14: from Old French repairier, from Late Latin repatriāre to return to one's native land, from Latin re- + patria compare repatriate]re•pair1
(rɪˈpɛər)
to restore to a good or sound condition a mend.
to restore or renew.
compensate for.
an act, process, or work of repairing.
Usu., repairs.
an instance or operation of repairing.
a repaired part or an addition made in repairing.
the good condition resulting from continued maintenance and repairing:
to keep in repair.
condition with respect to soundness and usability:
a house in good repair.
[;50; Middle English & Middle French reparer & Latin reparāre = re- - + parāre to ]
re•pair′a•ble, adj.
re•pair`a•bil′i•ty, n.
re•pair′er, n.
re•pair2
(rɪˈpɛər)
He repaired in haste to Paris.
to go customarily.
a resort or haunt.
the act of going, esp. customarily.
[;50; & Old French repairier to return & Late Latin repatriāre to return to one' see ] repairThe restoration of an item to serviceable condition through correction of a specific failure or unserviceable condition. S rebuild. – repair1. 'restore'To
an old building, painting, or piece of furniture means to repair and clean it, so that it returns to its original condition.Several million pounds will be required to restore the theatre.I asked whether the pictures could be restored.2. 'repair'To repair something that has been damaged or that is not working properly means to mend it.No one knew how to repair the engine.repairPast participle: repairedGerund: repairingImperativePresentPreteritePresent ContinuousPresent PerfectPast ContinuousPast PerfectFutureFuture PerfectFuture ContinuousPresent Perfect ContinuousFuture Perfect ContinuousPast Perfect ContinuousConditionalPast ConditionalImperativerepairrepairPresentI repairyou repairhe/she/it repairswe repairyou repairthey repairPreteriteI repairedyou repairedhe/she/it repairedwe repairedyou repairedthey repairedPresent ContinuousI am repairingyou are repairinghe/she/it is repairingwe are repairingyou are repairingthey are repairingPresent PerfectI have repairedyou have repairedhe/she/it has repairedwe have repairedyou have repairedthey have repairedPast ContinuousI was repairingyou were repairinghe/she/it was repairingwe were repairingyou were repairingthey were repairingPast PerfectI had repairedyou had repairedhe/she/it had repairedwe had repairedyou had repairedthey had repairedFutureI will repairyou will repairhe/she/it will repairwe will repairyou will repairthey will repairFuture PerfectI will have repairedyou will have repairedhe/she/it will have repairedwe will have repairedyou will have repairedthey will have repairedFuture ContinuousI will be repairingyou will be repairinghe/she/it will be repairingwe will be repairingyou will be repairingthey will be repairingPresent Perfect ContinuousI have been repairingyou have been repairinghe/she/it has been repairingwe have been repairingyou have been repairingthey have been repairingFuture Perfect ContinuousI will have been repairingyou will have been repairinghe/she/it will have been repairingwe will have been repairingyou will have been repairingthey will have been repairingPast Perfect ContinuousI had been repairingyou had been repairinghe/she/it had been repairingwe had been repairingyou had been repairingthey had been repairingConditionalI would repairyou would repairhe/she/it would repairwe would repairyou would repairthey would repairPast ConditionalI would have repairedyou would have repairedhe/she/it would have repairedwe would have repairedyou would have repairedthey would have repaired
Switch to Noun1.repair - the act of putting something in working order again, , , , ,
- the act of "their improvements increased the value of the property" - the act of mending a hole in a garment with crossing threads - the act of mending a hole in a garment by sewing a patch over it, ,
- activity involved in maintaining something i "he wrote the manual on car care", , ,
- hurried repair - the act of restoring something or someone to a satisfactory state - the activity of constructing something again - the act of restoring something to its original state2.repair - a formal way of referring to the co "the building was in good repair",
"a condition (or state) of disrepair"; "the current status of the arms negotiations"3.repair - a frequently visited place, , , ,
- a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); "it was a mountainous area"; "Bible country" - a favorite haunt where people gatherVerb1.repair - restore by replacing a part or putting together wh "She repaired her TV set"; "Repair my shoes please", , , , , , , , , ,
- "The editor improved the manuscript with his changes",
- "Can you tinker with the T.V. set--it's not working right"; "She always fiddles with her van on the weekend" - p "fill a cavity",
- rep "She pieced the china cup" - "cobble shoes",
"point a chimney",
- "He is known to be good at trouble-shooting",
- mend b "patch a hole",
- "sole the shoes",
- provide (a shoe) "revamp my old boots",
- "heel shoes" - "darn socks",
- "He busted my radio!"2.repair -
"One can never fully repair the suffering and losses of the Jews in the Third Reich"; "She was compensated for the loss of her arm in the accident", ,
- give money, usually in exchange f "I paid four dollars for this sandwich"; "Pay the waitress, please" - deliver in ex "I'll give you three books for four CDs"3.repair - move, travel, or proce "He repaired to his cabin in the woods", , ,
- move, travel, or proceed, "How fast does your new car go?"; "We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus"; "The policemen went from door to door looking for the suspect"; "The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell"; "news travelled fast"4.repair - s "remedy these deficiencies"; "rectify the inequities in salaries"; "repair an oversight", , , , ,
- m "Correct the mistakes"; "rectify the calculation"5.repair - give n "A hot soup will revive me"; "This will renovate my spirits"; "This treatment repaired my health", , , , , , , , , , , ,
- cause to be "Coffee and tea stimulate me"; "This herbal infusion doesn't stimulate", ,
- ret "The patient came to quickly"; "She revived after the doctor gave her an injection"repair1verb1. , , , , , , , , , , put back together, restore to working order He has repaired the roof. mend , , , , 2. , , , , , ,
They needed to repair the damage done by the interview.noun1. , , ,
Many of the buildings are in need of repair.2. , ,
She spotted a couple of obvious repairs in the dress.3. , , ,
(informal),
(informal),
The road was in bad repair.repair2verb , , , , , , , set off for, betake yourself We repaired to the pavilion for lunch.repair 1verbTo restore to proper condition or functioning:, , , , , , , .Idiom: .
repair 2verb1. To look to when in need:, , , , , .Idioms: , .2. To visit regularly:, , , .Slang:
???????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???opravaopravitspravitstavnapravitreparationreparerestandforfatningg?re god igentaastamakorjatakorjauspopravitipopravkajavításbaeta fyrirgera vi?, lagfaeranothaeft ástandvi?ger?修理修理する??????atitaisomaspataisomasreparacijasuremontuojamastaisytojasatlīdzinātin bad repair bojātskompensētlabo?analabotnaprawia?popravilopopravitireparationreparera??????????????gidermeks? s?a ch?as?a ch?arepair1 [rɪˈpɛəʳ]A. N1. (= act) →
mshe had taken her car in for repairs → había
al to be beyond repair (lit, fig) → no
the chair is broken beyond repair → la
"closed for repairs" → ,
por "(shoe) repairs while you wait" →
see also 2. (= state) to be in bad or poor be in a bad or poor state of repair → estar en to be in good be in a good state of repair → estar B. VT1. (= mend) [+ car, machinery, roof] → , ; [+ clothes, shoes, road] → 2. (= heal) they wish to repair relations with the West → quieren
con 3. (= rectify) [+ wrong] → C. CPD repair job N →
fthey've done a superb repair job on my car → me han
repair shop N →
m de auto repair shop (US) →
m bicycle repair shop →
de repair work N →
fplrepair2 [rɪˈpɛəʳ] VI (frm) (= go) to repair to → we all repaired to a restaurant → todos nos
a un repair [rɪˈpɛər] n →
fto carry out repairs →
under repair → en to be in need of repair →
des in good repair → en bon in bad repair → to be beyond repair [building, machine] → être
vt (= fix, mend) → to have something repaired, to get sth repaired →
qchI got the washing machine repaired → J'ai
à .repair kit n →
f de repair man repairman [rɪˈpɛərmæn] n →
mrepair shop n →
m de repair: repair kit n →
nt repairman n (in house) →
m repair shop n →
mrepair1 vt (lit, fig) → ; tyre also, clothes → ; roof, wall also, road → ; (fig) error, wrong, damage → ; image, relations →
n (lit) →
f; (of tyre also, clothes) →
nt; (of roof, wall also, road) →
f; (fig: of relationship) →
nt; to be under repair (car, ship, machine) → in
sein; to put something in for repair →
; the road is under repair → an der
; beyond repair →
zu /zu /; damaged beyond repair → ,
zu ; closed for repairs → wegen
; “road repairs” → ,,Strassenbauarbeiten“; “repairs while you wait” → ,,Sofortdienst“, ,,Sofortreparaturen“ no pl (= condition) to be in good/bad repair → in /
seinrepair2 vi (liter: = go) → sich
(to nach)repair [rɪˈpɛəʳ]1. n →
funder repair → in good repair, in a good state of repair → in
statoit is damaged beyond repair → è
closed for repairs → /a per 2. vt (car, shoes) → ,
(fig) (wrong) → repair (ri'pe?)
to make (something) that is damaged or has br to restore to good condition. to repair a broken lock / torn jacket. herstel
поправям
consertar/reparar
reparere , ,
????? ????? ???? ???? ????
?????? ????
popraviti, obnoviti
memperbaiki
gera vi?, lagfaera
(pa)taisyti, (su)remontuoti
remontēt; lāpīt
memperbaiki ,
(z)reperowa?
???? ??????: ???????? ????
reparera, laga
лагодити, ремонтувати
to put right or make up for. Nothing can repair the harm done by your foolish remarks. opmaak
???????? ???????? ???
поправям
wiedergutmachen
g?re god igen
????? ????
??????? ????
memperbaiki
baeta fyrir ,
(??, ?? ??) ????
atitaisyti, atlyginti
kompensēt; atlīdzināt
membetulkan ,
a ?n-drepta
r?tta till
修正，補救
виправляти
????? ????
补救，纠正
(often in plural) the act of repairing something damaged or broken down. I put my car into th The bridge is under repair. herstelwerk
???????? ???????
ремонт
die Reparatur
istandsaettelse ,
parandus, remont
?????? ????
????????????
????????, ??????
remontas, taisymas
pembaikan ,
?????? ?????? ??????
reparation, lagning
?????????? ,
лагодження; ремонт
s? s?a ch?a 2.
a condition or state. The r The house is in a good state of repair. staat
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състояние
conserva??o
der Zustand
forfatning
seisund, kord
????? (?? ???? ??? ??? ? ?????
???????? ?? ????
????? , ?????
u dobrom (ispravnom) stanju
nothaeft ástand ,
? ??? ?????
годность, исправность
????; ?????
справн?сть; стан
tình tr?ng re'pairable adjective (negative unrepairable) able to be mended.
herstelbaar
????? ??????????
поправим
reparável
opraviteln?
kan istandsaettes
επιδιορθ?σιμο?
parandatav
???? ?????
korjattavissa
?????? ?????????
?????? ?????
popravljiv, nadoknadiv
megjavítható
bisa diperbaiki
vi?ger?arhaefur
修理できる
pataisomas, suremontuojamas
remontē labojams
boleh diperbaiki
som kan repareres
do naprawienia
? ????? ??
reparável
поддающийся починке
opravite?n?
popravljiv
popravljiv
m?jlig att reparera
???????????????
onar?labilir
такий, що може бути в?дремонтований
có th? s?a ch?a ???c reparable ('rep?r?bl)
adjective able to be put right.
herstelbaar
????? ??????????
поправим
remediável
opraviteln?
wieder gutzumachen
kan rettes op p?; kan g?res god igen
επανορθ?σιμο? ,
????? ????
korjattavissa
?????? ?????????
???????? ?? ?????
popravljiv, nadoknadiv
kijavítható
bisa diperbaiki
sem haegt er a? baeta upp/lagfaera
償いのつく
atitaisomas
atlīdzināms
boleh memperbaiki
som kan rettes opp,
do powetowania/naprawienia
?? ?????????
remediável
care poate fi ?ndreptat
opravite?n?
popravljiv
ispravljiv
m?jlig att r?tta till
????????????????????
onar?labilir
поправний, в?дновний
có th? ??n bù ?repa'ration (rep?-)
the act of making up for something wrong that has been done.
restitusie
?????? ???????? ???????
поправка
die Wiedergutmachung
erstatning
parandamine
?????, ??????
helyreállítás
atlyginimas
atlīdzinā?ana
pembaikan ,
powetowanie
?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????
reparare ,
popravljanje
gottg?relse, uppr?ttelse
??????????
компенсац?я; в?дшкодування
s? ??n bù thi?t h?i 2.
money paid for this purpose.
restitusie
обезщетение
od?kodnění
die Wiedergutmachung
erstatning
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???????????
?????? ????
iznos popravka
jóvátétel
ongkos perbaikan
ska?abaetur
reparacija
reparācija
bayaran pembaikan
desp?gubire
репарации
od?kodnenie
reparacije
ers?ttning, skadest?nd
??????????
компенсац?я; в?дшкодування
ti?n ??n bù thi?t h?i re'pairman (-m?n)
noun a man who repairs televisions etc.
herstelman
телевизионен техник
der/die Mechaniker(in)
επιδιορθωτ??
remondimees
??????? ????? ?????
réparateur/-trice
?????? ???? ???? ???????
serviser, mehani?ar
tukang reparasi
vi?ger?arma?ur
taisytojas, meistras
labotā meistars
pembaik-pulih ,
мастер по ремонту
popravljalec
???????????
майстер, що ремонту? телев?зори
???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????
th? s?a ch?a repair →
oprava, opravit reparation, reparere ,
korjata, korjaus ,
popraviti, popravka ,
修理, 修理する ??, ???? ,
reparation, reparera ???????, ??????? ,
s? s?a ch?a, s?a ch?a re·pair n. reparación, restauración; v. reparar, restaurar.
(US) (UK) (US) (UK) (US) (UK) (US) (UK) (US) (UK)repair n reparación f; vt reparar, arreglar (fam)
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Her amazed look and quick answer caused Laurie to repair his error as fast as possible. When she was twenty-two years old her father, who owned a harness repair shop, died suddenly. On the contrary, there was an air of neglect about his person, like that which might have proceeded from great and recent exertion, which he had not yet found leisure to repair. I found our fortress in a bad state of defence, but we proceeded immediately to repair our flanks, strengthen our gates and posterns, and form double bastions, which we compleated in ten days. Is all this precious time to be lavished on the matutinal repair and beautifying of an elderly person, who never goes abroad, whom nobody ever visits, and from whom, when she shall have done her utmost, it were the best charity to turn one's eyes another way? Then, moreover, the white locks of age were sometimes found to be the thatch of an intellectual tenement in good repair. I walked round the church, hesitating, I reflected that I had already, with him, hurt myself beyond repair. that business consisted in fetching the Commodore's craft such a thwack, that with all his pumps going he made straight for the nearest port to heave down and repair. The floor was of big stone flags laid in black and white squares, rather battered by age and use, and needing repair. the whey and the grapes being necessaries of life to certain invalids whom physicians cannot repair, and who only continue to exist by the grace of whey or grapes. It had not been built many years and was in good repair. It struck me soon, however, there would be more sense in endeavouring to repair some of his wrongs than shedding tears over them: I got up and walked into the court to seek him.
▲repair▼
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