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边缘情态助动词用法举隅初中英语情态动词常见用法-我吧学习网
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初中英语情态动词常见用法
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摘要: 初中英语中常见的情态动词有七个,即can, may, will, shall, must, need, used to,情态助动词的词法特征是,没有非限定形式,没有词形屈折变化,句法特征是,协助主动词构成限定动词词组,无一例外地是不带to的不定式;在限定动词词...
中常见的情态动词有七个,即can, may, will, shall, must, need, used to,情态助动词的词法特征是,没有非限定形式,没有词形屈折变化,句法特征是,协助主动词构成限定动词词组,无一例外地是不带to的不定式;在限定动词词组中,只能用一个情态动词,而且总是位居第一,情态动词多半一词多义;在肯定句、否定句或疑问句中,往往意义不尽相同;而且其“时”的特征并不是时间区别的主要标志,也就是说,现在时情态动词不一定表示现在时间,过去时情态助动词也不一定表示过去时间,各有其用法上的特殊性。
1can/could表示“能力”
表示“能力”,可用can, could.can既能表示现在的“能力”,也能表示将来的“能力”。
如;I can do it later.用can表示现在的“能力”,could在肯定句中泛指过去的一般能力。如:She could play the piano two years ago.
2may/might/can/could表示“可能”
表示“可能”,可用may, might, can, could. may/might表示“可能”,常交替使用并无时间上的差异,只是用might在口气上比用may更加不甚肯定,从而比较婉转。在疑问句中表示“可能”,须用can而不用may。例如:–Where can he be?—He may be in the office.may not 表示“不可能”,又表示“不许可”,常引起歧义,所以表示“不可能”常用can’t。用can/could表示现在的“可能”,在口气上could比较婉转,如:–Whose can it be?–It could be John’s.
3may/might/can/could表示许可
请求对方“许可”可用may/might/can/could. may/can与might/ /could相比,后者较婉转,更有礼貌.在口语中常用can表示“许可”。如:Can/Could I stay here?表示给予“许可”通常用can/may,而不用could/might.如:–Could I borrow your bike?—Yes, of course you can.may not也可表示一般的“不许可”,同时也可采用其他比较婉转的说法。例如:–Could I say it in Chinese?—No, I’m afraid not.
4will/would表示“意志”
will表示意志,常用于第二人称的请求句.如:Will you open it for me?也可在will you后增添更有礼貌的词语(如Will you please…),也可以改用Would you…,Would you please…,Would you like to…等结构表示。表示接受请求时要用will,不用would.如–Would you lend me your pen?—Certainly I will.
5shall表示“意志”
当shall用于第一人称主语时,表示“意图”。例如:I shall write to her.用于第二、三人称主语表示“意愿”.如:You shall stay with us.在疑问句中用shall表示“意愿”,是征徇听话人是否愿意。如:Shall you join us?也可用shall的过去时形式should,但这并不表示过去时间,只是口气比较委婉一些。
6should/must/(have to)表示“义务”
表示“义务”,即“必须”、“应该”做某事,可用should和must,二者口气强弱程度不同。must表示“敦促”或“命令”,在口气上比should更加强烈,这意味着说话人是权威的一方,对人对已都适用。如:I must stop walking.表示将来的“必须”常用have to的一定形式。如:We’ll have to do it tomorrow. 表示过去的“必须”,常用过去时had to。如:Just now I had to do it. must有两个否定形式:一个是must not,表示“不许”,另一个是need not/needn’t,表示“不必”,与之相当的动词形式是don’t need to/don’t have to.如:–Must you leave soon?—No, I needn’t/No, I don’t have to.表示“必须”,与must在用法上有区别:must侧重于说话人的主观意志:have to侧重于客观的需要。如:He must say it in English.He has to say it in English.
7should/must表示“必然”
should表示“必然”,表示推测或推断,如:She should come in a minute.(估计她马上就会到来。)must表示“必然”,也是一种推测或推断,其口气最为肯定,一般用于肯定陈述句。如:All men must die.值得注意的是表示推测的must的否定式是can’t而不是must not.
8need/used to的意义和用法
need既可作情态动词,也可做主动词,作“必须”、“需要”解。作为情态动词,need也只用于否定句和疑问句。need作情态动词提问,其答语如果是肯定的,须用如果答语是否定的,则用needn’t或don’t have to,而不用mustn’t。如:—Need I tell him at once?—No, you needn’t .used to(只有过去时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态,这种情况现已不存在。如:He used to be short, but now he is tall. used to的否定形式一般是usedn’t to或didn’t use to,在肯定的疑问句中也可有两种形式:Used he to be short?或Did he use to be short?
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科目：初中英语
题型：阅读理解
阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(必要时可加情态动词或助动词）。 " Everything happens for the best," my grandmother said whenever things weren't going my way. "Don't worry, one day your luck【小题1】_______(change). "Grandmother was right, as I discovered after graduating from college. I had decided to be sports announcer (广播员) in a radio station, so I 【小题2】_______ ( go) to Shanghai and knocked on the door of every station. But I got refused every time.In one station, a kind lady said my problem was short of experience. " Get some work with a small station and【小题3】______(work) your way up ," she said.I couldn't get a job there, either. Then my dad told me a businessman had opened a company and needed someone【小题4】_______ ( manage) the sports center. But again, I didn't get the job.I felt really down. "Your luck will change," Granny reminded me. I tried another radio station in Beijing. But the owner, a nice man, told me he already had someone.As I left his office, I asked, " How can someone be a sports announcer if he 【小题5】_______(not, get) a job in a radio station?"I 【小题6】_______( wait) for the elevator when I heard the man call, " What was that you said about sports? Do you know anything about football?" I 【小题7】_______(put) in front of a microphone and asked to imagine I was commenting (评论) on a football game. "Now you 【小题8】_______ (watch) the football game between Lu Neng and Shen Hua. . . "On my way home, Granny's words came back to me, " One day your luck will change, boy. And when it 【小题9】 _______( happen) , it'll feel twice as good because of all the disappointment (失望) you 【小题10】 _______ ( have) . " At that moment I knew just what she meant.
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来源：2011年初中毕业升学考试（山东东营卷）英语（带解析）
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来源：2012届山东省胜利油田第五十八中学初三下学期期中质量调研英语试卷（带解析）
题型：单词拼写
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