> 【答案带解析】根据句子中所给的单词首字母或中文提示，填写正确的单词。 1. Linda lik...
根据句子中所给的单词首字母或中文提示，填写正确的单词。
1. Linda likes to do chores. She often
helps to s&&&&&&&&the floor.
2.There are t&&&&&&&months
in a year. They are January, February, March…and December.
3.America, France and the United Kingdom
are w&&&&&&&&&&&countries.
4. Don’t eat so quickly. Eating s&&&&&&&&&&is
good for your health.&&&
5.–Which season do you like best? –I like a&&&&&&&&best,
because it is not cold and not hot.
6.Beijing is the ____________ (首都) of China. There are a lot of
beautiful places there.&&
7.Nancy is too young to look after
___________ (她自己).
Her grandparents take care of her.&&&
8.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(不管什么) you do, you must be
careful.&
9.Koalas sleep &&&&&&&&&&&(在……期间) the day and get up at night.
They are kind of cute.
10.–What’s your ____________ (最喜爱的) subject? –Math.
8.Whatever
10.favorite
【解析】略
考点分析：
考点1：介词和介词短语
介词是一种用来表示词词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。
介词分类及用法
&&&&&&& 一、表示时间的介词
&&&&&&&& 时间介词有in , on，at， after， since，during,by,before,after,until等，前三个介词用法有个口诀： at午夜、点与分，上午、下午、晚用in。
&&&&&&& 年、月、年月、季节、周，之前加上介词in。
&&&&&&& 将来时态多久后，这些情形亦用in。　
&&&&&&& 日子、日期、年月日，星期之前要用on。
&&&&&&& 其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下辨析如下：
&&&&&&& 1、时间介词in与after 的用法辨析
&&&&&&&& 介词 in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如：We’ll go to school in two weeks.
&&&&&&&& 介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如：My mother came home after half an hour.
&&&&&&&& 介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如：We’ll go out for a walk after supper.
&&&&&&& 2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析
&&&&&&&& 介词for 表示一段时间如：I have been living here for 10 years.
&&&&&&& 介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如：I have been living here since 2000.
&&&&&&& 3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析
&&&&&&& 介词before表示“在…之前”如：He won’t come back before five .
&&&&&&& 介词by表示“到…时为止，不迟于…”如：The work must be finished by Friday.
&&&&&&& 4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析
&&&&&&& 当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如：He swims every day during the summer.
&&&&&&& 如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如：I haven’t seen her for years.
&&&&&&& 5、时间介词till与until用法的异同
&&&&&&& till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到…为止”，如：I will wait till（until）seven o'clock．
&&&&&&& till和until用在否定句中，均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。
&&&&&&& 如：Tom didn't come back till（until）midnight．
&&&&&&& till多用于普通文体，而 until则用于多种文体，并且在句子开头时，用until而不用till如：Until he comes back，nothing can be done．
&&&&&&& 注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。
&&&&&&& 二、表示方位的介词
&&&&&&& 常用的表示方位的介词用法及辨析如下：
&&&&&&& 1、方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析
&&&&&&& 介词on表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：The book is on the table.
&&&&&&& 介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在…上方”，如：Is there any bridge over the river?
&&&&&&& 介词above表示一般的“高于…”，“在…之上”，如：There was an electric clock above his bed.
&&&&&&& 2、方位介词under与below的用法辨析
&&&&&&& 介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”，如：They were seen under the tree.
&&&&&&& 介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”，“在…之下”，如：They live below us.
&&&&&&& 3、方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
&&&&&&& 介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。
&&&&&&& 如：She went across the street to make some purchases.
&&&&&&& 介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。
&&&&&&& 如：The sunlight was coming in through the window.
&&&&&&& 介词over多表示从“上方越过”，如：He failed to
he had to go round it.
&&&&&&& 介词past表示从“面前经过”，如：Someone has just gone past the window.
&&&&&&& 4、地点介词at与in的用法辨析
&&&&&&& 介词at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：He lives at a small village.
&&&&& &&介词in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：He lives in Beijing.
&&&&&&& 5、表示东南西北的时候，地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析
&&&&&&& 介词in表示“包含”如：Beijing is in the north of China.
&&&&&&& 介词on表示“紧邻”如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S.
&&&&&&& 介词to表示“没接触”如：France lies to the south of England.
&&&&&&& 三、表示方式、手段、或工具的介词by,in,on,with.
&&&&&&& 1、by,in,on,表示交通方式。用by 时，交通工具前不用任何词；用 in和on 时，交通工具前用冠词或形容词性物主代词。例如by car=in a car,by bike=on a bike.
&&&&&&& 2、表示手段或工具，with后跟具体工具，如Iin表示使用某种语言或墨水、颜色等原料，例如：in English.
&&&&&&& 四、介词的固定搭配
&&&&&&& across from在对面&& look for 寻找& look after 照顾 get on with 与某人相处
&&&&&&& agree with 同意（某人）&& arrive at(in) 到达 ask for 询问&& begin…with 从……开始 believe in 相信&&& break off 打断&& break out 爆发 bring down 降低&& bring in 引进 bring up 教育，培养&& build up 建起 burn down 烧光&& call back 回电话 call for 要求约请&&& call on 拜访 访问&& care for 喜欢 carry on 继续开展&& carry out 实行开展 check out 查明 结帐&&& come about 发生，产生&& come out 出来&& come to 共计 达到 compare…with 与……比较&& compare to 比作 cut off 切断&& date from 始于 depend on 依靠&& devote to 献于 die out 灭亡&& divide up 分配 dream of 梦想&& fall off 下降 fall over 跌倒&& feed on 以……为食 get down to 专心于&& get through 通过
&&&&&&& 对于介词的考察，通常是以单项选择或完形填空形式考查介词用法，尤其是几个易混淆的代词。另外，介词与动词和形容词构成的固定搭配也是常见的考试内容。
&&&&&&& 1、掌握介词固定搭配
&&&&&&& 2、准确把握介词及介词短语的基本意义和用法。
&&&&&&& 典型例题1：Peter usually gets up early&&&& the morning.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A& in&&&& B on&& C& at&&&& D& of
&&&&&&&& 解析；这是2008年北京市的一道中考题，本题考查时间介词的用法。“在早上”应为in the morning.
典型例题2：-How do you usually go to school?
&&&&&&&& -&&&&& my bike.
&&&&&&& A& By&&& B& In&&&& C& On
&&&&&&& 解析；& 虽然介词by表示“乘坐”，但是它所接的名词前没有限定词，即by bike.而本题中bike 前有限定词my，这时应用on.
考点2：数词
数词分为基数词和序数词两种；
（一）基数词在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词。
（二）序数词在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。
基数词的构成
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,
sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
（2）21-99 先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,
（3）101—999先说“几百”，再加and,再加末两位数或末位数；
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
（4）l,000以上,先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion,然后一节一节地表示。
& & & &9,785→nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five
& & & 6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
& & & 750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty, billion
2.基数词的用法
（1）表示数量
Eg. 一 How many books would you like？
& & & &一I would like two.
（2）表示号码
eg.My phone number is 6887789.
（3）表示时间
& eg.I watch CCTV News at seven o’clock every evening.
（4）表示“…十”的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代。
eg. He is in his early thirties.他有三十来岁（31—34岁）：
& & & &This took place in the 1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代；
（5）表具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million用单数。
& & &eg. There are six hundred students in our grade.
（6）表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。若带名词，再加of ，hundreds of（数百,成百上千 & & & 的）,thousands of（数干,成千上万的）,millions of（数百万）
eg 。 Hundreds of old people died of cold last winter.
（二）序数词在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。
序数词的构成和用法
1.序数词的构成
（1）一般在基数词后加th, eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth,多位数把个位变序数词。
基数词变为序数词的规则（口诀）：
基变序，有规律，词尾加上 ｔｈ；一、二、三特殊记，结尾ｔ、ｄ、ｄ。
　八减ｔ，九减ｅ，ｆ要把ｖｅ替。ｔｙ把ｙ改为ｉ，记得ｔｈ前有个ｅ。
& 2.序数词的用法
（1.）the+序数词，表示“第几”
John lives on the fifteenth floor
（2）.a\an+序数词，表达"再一,又一"
eg.We'll have to do it a second time．
（3）年月日的表达
年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示
（4）分数的表达
分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1，分母加-s。
（5）序数词也可以用作副词，
When did you first see him?
（6）基数词也能表示顺序，如书刊的页的数目，住所、房间、教室、电话号码等等。
Page Eight, Room 304，Class Seven,
（7）.倍数表示法
主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as & &I have three times as many as you.
我有你三倍那么多。
（8）在…世纪：
in the twenty-first century
& & & 对于数词的考查，通常是以单项选择、词语运用或听力形式考查学生在具体语言环境中灵活运用数词的能力。
1.在具体语境中正确使用序数词，并能正确书写序数词。
2.在听力中听辨数字和号码，要速记且准确。
3. hundreds of，thousands of，millions of表示约数时的用法。
典型例题1：In _____,Mr.Li began to learn English.
A.his 1990 & &B. the 1990s & & &C &the 1990 & & & D &a 1990
解析：从题意中可判断出要表达时间，如果是1990年，那么直接就是in 1990就可以了， C和D排除掉，人是不可能有1990岁的，排除A，B表达的是“十八世纪 九十年代”。
典型例题2: September is _________(九) month of the year.
解析：这是一道填空题，考查序数词的拼写。序数词前加the, 故用the ninth.
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从方框内选择适当的选项完成对话。
A. Do you like to go to the
movies?&&&&&&&&& B. It’s wonderful, isn’t it?
C. It doesn’t
matter.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. Which movie do you like best?
E. Because it makes me feel very
excited.&&&& F. Thank you.
G. What kind of movies do you like?
A: Welcome to 9 o’clock Teen Talk. We are
talking to Lin Tao, a fourteen-year-old boy. Welcome to the show, Lin Tao.
B: 1.&&&&&&&&
A: Today, we’re going to talk about the
movies. 2.&&&&&&&
B: Yes, I do.
A:3.&&&&&&&&
B: I like Avatar (《阿凡达》) best.
A: 4.&&&&&&&&
B: Yes, it is the best movie I have ever
seen.
A: Why do you think so?
B: 5.&&&&&&&&&
A: By the way, do you like the movie My
Father’s Birthday?
B: Yes, very much.
A: Thanks for joining us.
B: That’s OK.
When you look at your food, some ingredients
are easy to see. For example, there is cheese on your pizza and butter on your
bread. But our meals are also filled with ingredients you can’t see. And you
might be surprised to learn just how much those hidden (隐藏的) ingredients affect your
health.
Salt is a perfect example of an ingredient
that you might not notice, even when you eat a lot of it. More than 75% of the
salt we eat is hidden in restaurant meals, fast food and processed (加工过的) food , such as French
fries, hot dogs and even biscuits.
Salt is important to us. It keeps our
muscles (肌肉）working
and our nerves (神经）sending&
messages through the whole body. Salt can be used to clean teeth, to make our
skin smooth or added to a relaxing bath. Salt is also used to help make food
last (持续) longer.
However eating too much salt can cause
heart problems. For a long time, heart trouble has been regarded as an adult
problem, but new research shows that salt is starting to affect kids. Then how
much salt is safe for kids every day? Let's look at the following chart:
&& Amount of Salt Every Day
1—3 years old
4—6 years old
7—10 years old
11 or more than 11 years old
Kids should not eat more than that.
1.The underlined word “ingredients” means
“__________” in Chinese.
2.The first two paragraphs tell us
_________.
A．how much salt people need every day
B．the result of eating too much salt
C．the importance of salt in our everyday life
D．though people eat much salt every day, they may not notice it
3.Which of the following is Not the use of
salt according to the passage?
A．Salt keeps muscles working.
B．Salt helps to make food last longer.
C．Salt helps to see clearly.
D．Salt can be used to clean teeth.
4. If Tim is 10 years old, how much salt
should he eat every day?
A．2 grams.
B．3 grams.
C．5 grams.
D．6 grams.
5. What can we learn from the passage?
A．Young children have few heart problems according to the new
B．A lot of food we eat has hidden salt in it, even some biscuits.
C．Salt can be used instead of soap while we’re taking a bath.
D．A five-year-old boy should have at least six grams of salt every
Liu Xu is a student from a middle school in
Guangxi. Once he was riding home when a &robber (盗贼) suddenly jumped out from the
roadside. He pulled Liu Xu off his bike and rode away. Liu Xu was scared, but
he didn’t run after the robber. He found a telephone and called the police at
110.
“Safety is the first important in such a
situation,” Liu said, remembering what his teacher had told him in his first
aid class. “It is not safe to run after an adult who is stronger than you.”
Liu’s school has compulsory (必修的) first aid education.
Students must take the class once a week.
Teenage safety has become a serious issue
recently. According to a survey, about 16,000 teenagers die in accidents in
China every year.
At Liu’s school the first aid classes are
to “teach students skills how to protect and save& themselves in
emergencies (紧急情况)”.
Students there often learn by role-playing in first aid classes. For example,
one student performed as a stranger knocking at a door. Another one stood
inside the door and asked several questions before letting the “stranger”
in. Then they changed roles and did it again. They learned a lot while having
fun at role-playing.
The topics of the first aid classes are
regularly updated (适时的). The students have learned skills for surviving in earthquakes.
The teacher also taught the students not to go out at night. If someone tried
to do bad things to them, they should quickly run into crowed place.
1.Liu Xu’s _________ was robbed according
to the passage.
C．backpack
D．mobile phone
2.What did Liu Xu remember when he met the
robber?
A．Safety is the first important.
B．How to run away from an earthquake.
C．To run after the robber quickly.
D．Not to go out at night.
3.Students in Liu’s school must have
compulsory first aid class __________.
A．once a day
B．twice a day
C．once a week
D．twice a week
4.The underlined word “stranger” is
__________ here.
A．a robber
B．a student
C．a teacher
D．a real stranger
5.The best title for the passage is
__________.
A．Teenage Safety
B．A Robbery (抢劫)
C．Importance of Safety
D．Life-saving Classes
Jean is a young girl who comes from a rich
and famous family. She goes to a good university and has almost everything that
money can buy. The problem is that Jean’s family are so busy that they can
hardly find time to be with her. Jean is quite lonely (孤独的). So she spends a lot of
time on her QQ. She likes being anonymous (匿名的), talking to people who do not know about her
famous family and her rich life. She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a
lot of friends.
Last year Jean made a very special friend
on QQ. His name was David and he lived in San Francisco. David was full of
stories and jokes. He and Jean had the same interest in rock music and modern
dance. So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they
even forgot their time. Of course, they wanted to know more about each other.
David sent a picture of himself. He was a tall, good-looking young man with
big, happy smile. As time went by, they became good friends and often sent
cards and small things to each other.
When Jean’s father told her that he was
going on a business trip to San Francisco, she asked him to let her go with him.
She wanted to give David a surprise for his birthday. She would take him the
latest DVD of a rock singer. But when she knocked on David’s door in San
Francisco, she found that her special friend was a 70–year-old man named Jim!
How disappointed Jean was!
1.Jean spends a lot of her time on QQ
because she is_______.
C．a bad student
2.Jean thought “David” was special because
he ________.
A．made her very happy on QQ
B．was from San Francisco
C．was tall and good-looking
D．was rich
3.What are both Jean and “David” interested
in?&
A．Pop music and sports.
B．Music and science.
C．Rock music and modern dance.
D．Stories and jokes.
4.Which of the following is True?
A．Jean has got everything in her life.
B．“David”
and Jean sent cards to each other.
C．“David”
didn't tell Jean his real address.
D．Jean's family members often get together.
5.What’s the main idea of the
passage?&
go to meet those you get to know on QQ.
B．People don’t use their real names on QQ so often.
believe those you get to know on QQ easily.
spend much time on QQ.
What do you think of stress? Is it a good
thing or a bad thing?
Most of the students think stress can do
harm (伤害) &&46&&them
in some ways. There’s a story about a teenager in a middle school. He even &&47&&his
study because of the stress from school and family. We also usually &&48&&that
someone turns to psychological doctors because of heavy working stress. There
is no doubt (疑问)
that some people think stress is a dangerous wolf.
On the other hand, other people argue that
stress is not a bad thing. They &&49&&stress can
produce momentum (动力）in the end. For them, right attitude and action can reduce (减少) stress and make it &&50&.
When I was a child, my mom always pushed me to study hard. She wished I could
go to an ideal &&51&&for further education. I
experienced stress for the first time. To a poor family, I deeply knew &&52
&&was not easy for us, and everything my mom did to me was just
to hope I could live a better life in the future. &&53&&the
saying goes, “No pains, no gains.” So I did what my mom expected because I
didn’t want to let her down. At last, I did measure up (达到标准）to my mom’s expectation and
go to college &&54&. Thanks to my mom’s push! Thanks to
the stress! In this way, I don’t think stress is a bad thing.
Overall, stress is not a bad thing in &&55&.
The key is how we deal with it.
A．began with
B．gave out
C．gave up
D．gave away
B．believe
C．disagree
B．difficult
C．strange
D．terrible
A．company
B．college
C．factory
D．village
C．opinion
D．silence
A．quietly
C．specially
D．successfully
A．himself
D．yourself
题型：单词拼写
难度：简单
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题号：3071458试题类型：填空题 知识点：可数名词（单数名词，复数名词）,名词,不可数名词,形容词,副词&&更新日期：
根据下列句子所给的中英文提示,写出各单词的正确形式。1. —I don't think Liu hua is _____ (英俊). &&&—I really don't agree with you.2. My daughter has a _____ (圆的) face like an apple.3. My friend often shares his _____ (欢乐) with me. 4. We often borrow books and _____ (杂志) from our school library.5. The cat makes him look_____ (特别).6. He is not tall—_____ (几乎) 1.70 meters.7. I hate the _____ (广告) when I watch TV.8. —How long did you spend _____(dealing with something) this problem ? &&&—About half an hour.9. I'll buy a pair of glasses because of my poor _____ (the ability of see).10. China is _____ (very well-known) for the Great Wall. 11. We all can't forget the _____ (giving one a feeling of happiness) hiking to the town of Datao.
难易度：中等
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可数名词：是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数形式，当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时，句子的谓语也应用复数形式。
名词单数变复数的规则：
巧记以f\fe结尾的可数名词复数妻子骑牛拿起刀，wife，calf，knife ↑追得贼狼满街跑，thief，wolf →→→变f或fe为v，再加es碰倒架子丧己命，shelf,self，life ↓手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half ↓
名词复数的不规则变化：1．不规则形式：child→children（儿童）man→men（男人）woman→women （女人）an Englishman→two Englishmen（英国人）foot→feet（脚）tooth→teeth（牙）mouse→mice（老鼠）ox →oxen（公牛）goose→geese（鹅）2．单复同形：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese， species，means,Swiss除人民币，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, a meter,twometers3．集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数：people police cattle是复数（OK ：a person，a policeman，ahead of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss ）（Error：a people，a police，a cattle ）表示国民总称时，作复数用。（The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。）4．以s结尾，仍为单数的名词maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。news是不可数名词。5.表示由两部分构成的东西，glasses（眼镜） trousers （长裤） clothes（衣服）若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）a pair of glasses& two pairs of trousers suit（套）6．另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods （货物） waters （水域） fishes （各种鱼）
可数名词变复数的几种形式:&1) 单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.　　&2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.　　 3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies. 　　 4) 以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs,proofs, chiefs.　&5) 以o结尾的名词，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.&&其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos. 　　 6) 不规则名词：foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice. 7) 单复数同形的名词：sheep，fish，dee. 注意：fish表示种类时，也用fishes这样的形式。
名词:是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。
名词分类:一、按意义分类1．专有名词 表示具体的人，事物，地点，团体或机构的专有名称（第一个字母要大写）。 例：China（中国）、Asia（亚洲） Beijing（北京）、the People’s Republic of China（中华人民共和国）。专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语，则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall（长城）。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人（复数含义）。如：the Greens( 格林一家人）。2．普通名词 表示某些人，某类事物，某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如：teacher 老师、tea 茶、 reform 改革。　普通名词又可进一步分为五类：①个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示单个的人和事物。　（car 汽车 room 房间 fan 风扇photo 照片）②集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示一群人或一些事物的名称。　　( people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团 )③复合名词：两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的名词　（boy-friend男友 passer-by过路人 brother-in-law内兄） ④物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。　　( fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk牛奶 )⑤抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。　　( labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力 )二、按是否可数分类名词又可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）1、不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。抽象名词，物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词2、可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数形式。
名词易混点举例：一.有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。如：work（工作） ——a work （著作）;&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &glass（玻璃）——a glass （玻璃杯）;&&&&&&&&&&&& &aper（纸） ——a paper（报纸；文件；试卷）tea（茶） ——a tea （一种茶）（表示种类）;&&&&& wood（木头） ——a wood （小树林）;&&&&&&&& room（空间） ——a room （房间）二.容易混淆的名词1.work/job① work是不可数名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思,又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。② job作为“工作”解,其实有两层含义:一个是“干活”的“活”或“零工”;一个作为职业的“事”,是可数名词。&job意思是a piece of work，指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作，实际含义是“职业”，而work通常指抽象意义上的工作，是不可数名词，也可指“工作场所”。如:I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.2. wish / hope①&wish之后可以跟含有动词不定式的复合宾语(wish sb. to do sth.),而hope不可以这样用。例如:I wish you to be happy.我希望你快乐。②&hope和wish都可以跟从句。hope之后的从句的谓语动词用一般将来时或一般现在时,所表达的愿望可以实现;wish之后的从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(以后学),表达的愿望无法实现。例如:I hope you like the flowers.我希望你喜欢这些花。I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只小鸟。(虚拟语气)③hope和wish都可以跟动词不定式(hope/wish to do sth.)。wish比较正式,口气比较强烈; 而用hope所表达的愿望容易实现。例如:I hope (wish) to go to college.我希望上大学。④wish可接双宾语表示“祝愿、祝福”等,但hope却没有这种用法。例如:I wish you success.我祝愿你成功。3.silly/stupid/foolish三个词都含有“蠢”的意思,但略有不同。stupid所表达的程度最强,指智力、理解力和学习能力差;silly指头脑简单、傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有一定的感情色彩;foolish是普通用语,尤其是在口语中广泛使用。如:He is stupid in learning math.他学数学很笨。Stop asking such silly questions.别再问这样傻的问题了。You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.你真蠢,丢掉这么好的一个机会。
4.instead/instead of
instead/instead of
instead是副词,一般放在句首或句末。而instead of 是介词短语,表示“代替”时, 含有“对比”的意思,其后常跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。如:
Jack didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.
杰克没有学法律,而是决定作一名演员。
If you can’t go to the meeting, I can go instead.
如果你不去开会, 我可以(代替你)去。
Could I have tuna instead of ham?
我能否要金枪鱼而不是火腿？
Miss Wang is ill. I’ll teach you instead of her.
王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。
5.frightened/afraid/terrible
frightened/afraid/terrible
① frightened是由过去分词转化的形容词,常指突如其来的震惊,可用very修饰,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
②afraid只能做表语,多用于习惯经常地“惧怕”某事物, 泛指一种“恐惧心理”;后接名词、代词、动名词等时,用介词接动词时,用带to的不定式;接从句用连词that (可省略)。
③ terrible指极端的恐怖,令人痛苦或不知所措。
6.learn/study
learn/study
二者都作“学、学习”讲,有时可以互换。如:
When did you begin to study/learn English?
你是什么时候开始学习英语的?
study侧重学习的过程;而learn侧重学习的结果,常译作“学到、学会”。 如:
He studied hard and at last learned the language.
他努力学习,终于学会了这门语言。
study用于较高深或周密的研究;而learn多用于初级阶段的学习或带有模仿性的操作技艺等。如:
He is studying the math problem.
他正在研究这个数学问题。
He learns English on the radio.
他通过广播学英语。
The baby is learning to speak.
这个婴儿正在学说话。
7.there be/have/own
there be/have/own
①there be表示某处(或某时)"有"(某人或某物),表示客观存在之“有”。
②have是常用词,表示所属关系,是“所有”之“有”。
③ own指合法地拥有某物,强调具有法律上的所有权。
8.answer/reply
answer/reply
这两个词都可作“回答”讲,但用法有所区别。reply为正式用语,多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答,常用作不及物动词,和介词to连用,其宾语为名词或代词,这时可以与answer互换;answer既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,常指口头或书面的回答,是一般用语。如:
The old man smiled before he replied to my question.
老人在回答我的问题前笑了笑。
I cannot answer you now. 我现在不能回答你。
How shall I answer? 我该怎样回答?
值得注意的是,answer可引申为“应答”之类的意义,这时不能用reply来代替。如:
answer the door& (门铃响了)去开门
answer the telephone& 接电话
名词的语法功能：　名词在句中作主语，宾语，介词宾语，宾语补足语，表语以及名词短语作状语。1．主语：The bagis in the desk.书包在桌子里边。2．宾语：I washed my clothes yesterday. 昨天我洗了我的衣服。3．表语：This is a good book. 这是一本好书。4．宾语补足语We selected him our monitor.我们选他为我们的班长。5．介词宾语Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母住在一起。6．定语：She is a Partymember. 她是一位党员。名词口诀：一、人和事物各有名，万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词，具体抽象有不同。　　时间空间和地点，方向位置有专称。主宾定表都可作，名词具有多功能。二、可数名词不可分，若要分离变性质。不可数名词可分离，一分再分仍原物。
英语名词特殊用法:1.family指“家庭”时，强调全体；指“家里人”时强调个体，与住房无关home指“家”，表示同一家庭共同生活的地方，具有感情色彩Kate has left home for school.可作副词也可作名词，意思是“在家”house指“住宅”、“住房”The Greens live in a big house.
2.man总称“人”、“人类”，用单数people泛指“人们”，表示复数概念:People often work in the day.指“人”的个体，但只表示复数概念:There are five people in my family.前面加定冠词指“人民”，表示复数概念:Let’s work for the people.指“民族”时，有单、复数之分:The Chinese people is a hardworking people.person强调“人”的个体，有单、复数之分:There are five persons in my family.
3.police总称“警察”，表示复数概念:policeman强调“警察”的个体，有单、复数之分:My father is a policeman.
4.universe指“宇宙万物”，强调物质概念:When we talk about the universe，we mean the earth， the sun，the moon and many other stars.space指“太空”、“宇宙空间”，强调空间概念:Many countries have sent up the satellites into space.“空间”、“余地”、“空地”:There is no space on the bus.
5.不同国家的人的单复数:
不可数名词：是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ，若要表示它的个体意义时，一般要与一个名词短语连用，相当于中文里的【一 +（量词）+ 名词】，其中的量词意义依与具体的名词搭配而定。&例如： a cup of tea 一杯茶a piece of news 一则新闻&two pieces of paper 两张纸&& three glasses of water 三杯水&&five bags of rice 五袋大米
不可数名词量的表示：1、不可数名词的数量一般用some , much , a lot of , lots of , a bit of , a little , little等数量形容词表示。eg: some meat 一些肉&&&& a lot of money很多钱&&&&& a little water 一点水2、不可数名词的数量还可以用适当的量词（由普通名词充当）作单位来表示，结构为“数词+量词（普通名词）+ of + 不可数名词”。其单复数变化就体现在普通名词上。eg: a piece of paper 一张纸&&&& three pieces of paper 三张纸3、一些常见的用来表示不可数名词数量的词①piece(条、块、片、张、份、则)eg: a piece of meat 一块肉&&& a piece of bread 一片面包&&&& two pieces of advice 两条意见a piece of news 一条消息/一则新闻②glass(玻璃杯) , cup(茶杯) , bottle(瓶)eg: a glass of milk 一杯牛奶&&&& a cup of tea 一杯茶&&&& six bottles of beer 六瓶啤酒③loaf(条)、bar(块)、tin(听，罐)eg: a loaf of bread 一条面包&&&& a bar of soap 一块肥皂&&&& a tin of tobacco 一听/罐烟丝④basket(篮)、bag(袋)、box(箱，盒)eg: a basket of food 一篮食物&&& five bags of rice 五袋大米&&&& a box of wine 一箱白酒⑤kilo(公斤)、pound(磅)eg: a pound of sugar 一磅糖&&&& two kilos of meat 二公斤肉&&&& half a pound of coffee 半磅咖啡a quarter of a pound of cheese 四分之一磅奶酪a quarter of a kilo of rice 半斤大米
不可数名词记忆歌诀：不可数名词很特殊，六点用法应记清楚：一是没有复数形式，二作主语谓须单数①，三是其前不用a(an),四是修饰不用基数②，五可much, some和any来修饰，六表数量用“计量+of”短语③。[说明]：①不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数，如：There is some milk in the bottle.②不可数名词不可直接用不定冠词和基数词直接修饰，但可用some、any和much等词修饰；③当表示不可数名词的数量时，其前应用“计量名词+of”短语，注意计量名词有复数形式。如：I’d like two cups of tea.
不可数名词复数形式的特殊含义：英语中的专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词，但有时它们却可用作复数形式。此时它们往往又有了新的含义。一、专有名词的复数形式的含义1．表示一家人或夫妻。例如：Are the Smiths coming to our party tomorrow night？史密斯一家明晚会来参加我们的聚会吗？2．表示同名或同姓的若干人。例如：There are two Marys and three Roberts in his class．他班上有两个玛丽和三个罗伯特。&Did the Mr. Blakes come this morning？那几位布莱克先生今天上午来了吗？二、物质名词的复数形式的含义1．表示不同的种类，如food，wine，metal, wheat，rice等。例如：The wines of France are among the best in the world．法国的葡萄酒是世界上最好的,First of all，he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden。首先他列出了一长串禁用的食品。2．表示量很大，远远超过该词原来表示的程度或次数。这一类词常见的有： sands（沙滩，沙漠），waters（水域），rains（大阵雨、雨季），winds（大风），times（时代）, woods（森林），ruins（废墟），rags（碎片、破衣服），ashes(灰烬、骨灰)。例如：The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops．上涨的河水给庄稼造成了很大的损害。These caves collapse easily in heavy rains．下大雨时这些洞穴容易倒塌。The children are playing on the sands．孩子们在沙滩上玩。3．某些表示饮料名称的物质名词往往以复数形式代替单位词。这类词有：coffees，teas等。例如：The waitress has served twenty teas since four o’clock．从四点起，这位女服务员已上了二十份午茶。Send two coffees and three lemonades to the room．请将两杯咖啡和三杯柠檬汁送到这个房间。4．某些物质名词又是个体名词，它们的复数形式表示与原来个体完全不同的东西。这类词有：glasses（眼镜、玻璃杯）， irons（熨斗），coppers（铜币），papers（文章，证件）等。例如：She is always wearing glasses．她总是戴着眼镜。He wrote many papers for the newspaper．他为这份报纸写过许多文章。三、抽象名词的复效形式的含义1．congratulations， regards， respects，thanks，wishes，apologies等复数形式用来表示祝愿、礼貌和客气。例如：It’s your birthday today．Congratulations！今天是你的生日，恭喜你！You’ve given me so much help．Thanks a lot．你给了我很多帮助，非常感谢。2．smiles， pities， fears， hopes， kindnesses复数形式表示强调。例如：He was all smiles．他满脸笑容。It is a thousand pities．非常遗憾。I have received many kindnesses from him．他对我非常好。Great fears are felt for the safety of the missing climbers．人们对失踪的登山者的安全权为担忧。3．抽象名词具体化。有些抽象名词的复数形式表示具体的事物，如：cares（烦人的事），anxieties（令人着急的事），worries（使人发愁的事），difficulties（难题），joys（使人高兴的事），failures（失败的事，失败的人），friendships（表示友谊的事例）等。例如：After listening to his advice，she had no more anxieties．听了他的建议，她不再有发愁的事了。His friendships never last very long．他与别人的交情从来都不长久。After many failures，they finally succeeded．经过多次失败之后，他们最后成功了。4．某些抽象名词在某种场合是个体名词，它们的复数形式表示与该个体名词不同的意义，如：youths（男青年、小伙子）， relations（亲属）， beauties（美人），necessities（必需品）等。例如：Twenty youths attended the meeting yesterday.二十个男青年出席了昨天的会议。All his poor relations came to spend their holidays at his home．他所有的穷亲戚都在他家过节。
形容词：简称adj.或a，形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏与否，形容词在句中作定语，表语，宾语补足语。她是一个好学生，她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?
形容词的语法功能：一、作定语He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。二、作补语形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果，并常用在表示“认为，看待”的动词如believe，prove，consider等候。例如：The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。Don't marry young.不要早婚。三、作状语形容词或形容词短语可作状语，形容词作状语时，可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略，可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如：Enthusiastic，they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人，不管是年轻人还是老人，我们都有问题。四、做表语The ship was adrift on unknown seas．那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。五、做主语Old and young joined the discussion.Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语Very good!Say it again.Stupid!He must be crasy.
形容词的几个特殊用法：most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。 "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。 The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了. It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。 The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。&I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。 the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。 I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。 The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。
以-ly结尾的形容词1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错：(错） She sang lovely.　　&&&&&&&&&& （错） He spoke to me very friendly.　　 （对） Her singing was lovely.　　（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.
too+adj.+to句型&& “太…而不能”& He is too young to go to school.&=He isn’t old enough to go to school.&=He is so young that he can’t go to school.
形容词的位置:1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语?&& 单个形容词修饰名词时，一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如：?&& a red flower一朵红花?an interesting story一个有趣的故事?&& six blind men 六个盲人?my own house我自己的房子?如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定，越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面，音节多的形容词放在后面。&& 2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：?&& &&& She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。?&& &&& I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。?&& &&& Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗？?&& 3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：?&& &&& It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。?&& &&& Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。?&& &&& This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。?&& 4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如：?&& &&& All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?&& &&& 所有的人，无论老少，都应该严格要求自己。?&& &&& We are building a new school, modern and super.?&& &&& 我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。?&& &&& All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家，无论穷富都应该互相帮助。?&& 5.有少数形容词，如enough和possible，既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：?&&& Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗？?&&& Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。6.有些形容词，置于名词之前与之后，含义不尽相同。例如：?&& the writer present 出席的作者?&& the present writer 现在的作者?7.表示长，宽，高，深，及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。This river is about 100 metres wide.The building is more than 50 metres tall.&He is less than 40 years old.8. enough修饰名词时，在名词前后都可以。They said that they had enough food.=&They said that they had food enough.&enough 修饰形容词和副词，位于其后。&He is old enough to join the army.&He isn’t old enough to go to school.9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词，疑问副词或不定代词后&what/who/where/when/when else&something/anything/nothing…else&What else did you do?&Do you have anything else to say?10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。This is the book easy to read.这是一本容易读的书。
形容词知识拓展:名词化的形容词：有些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，这时，它相当于一个名词，可作主语或宾语；表示一类人时，看作复数，表示一类事物时，通常看作单数。Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.The old are taken good& care of in American.the+形容词，常见的短语有：the old/the young/the sick/the white/the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)形似副词的形容词：以-ly结尾的词通常是副词，但是下列词为形容词。friendly& lonely (孤独的) ；lively (活着的)；lovely(可爱的)复合形容词的类型：(1)名词+过去分词& man-made satellite 人造卫星(2)形容词+现在分词& a good-looking man(3)形容词+名词& second-hand cars(4)数词+名词-ed&& three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子(5)数词+名词& 400- metre race(6)副词+现在分词& hard-working students(7)副词+过去分词& well-known writers(8)形容词+形容词& a dark-red jacket(9)形容词+过去分词& ready-made clothes 成品服装含有形容词的常用句型：(1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.(good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )It’s very kind of you to help me.(2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.(difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)It’s important for us to learn English well.(3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式&表示情感或情绪的形容词：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…&I'm glad to see you.表示能力，意志或推测的形容词：ready,able,sure,certain…&I’m sorry to hear that.某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词the moving story 令人感动的故事a moved boy&& 一个被感动的男孩a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子a frightening film 一个恐怖电影
副词：是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为：地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。副词连用顺序：程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。
副词分类:1、时间副词有三类：always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词1）表示发生时间的副词：It’s beginning to rain now!& 现在开始下雨了！2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词:She often changes her mind.& 她常改变主意。3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：&He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。2、地点副词：1）有不少表示地点的副词：She is studying abroad.& 她在国外留学。2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：①用作介词：Stand up!& 起立！②用作副词：A cat climbed up the tree.& 猫爬上了树。3）以where 构成的副词也是地点副词：&It’s the same everywhere.& 到处都一样。3、方式副词:carefully, properly(适当地), anxiously(焦虑地), suddenly, normally(正常地), fast, well, calmly(冷静地), politely(有礼貌地), proudly(自豪地), softly, warmly ,slowly4、程度副词:much,little, very,rather(相当),so,too,still, quite, perfectly(完美地), enough, extremely(非常), entirely(整个),almost, slightly(细小地), hardly.5、疑问副词:how, when, where, why.6、关系副词:when, where, why.等。7、 连接副词:therefore(因此),moreover(此外),however,otherwise(另外的),then,when ,where,how,why等。
副词的语法作用：副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语，定语。He works hard. （作状语）他工作努力。You speak English very well. （作状语）你英语讲的相当好。Is she in ? （作表语）她在家吗?Let's be out. （作表语）让我们出去吧。Food here is hardly to get. （here作定语，hardly作状语）这儿很难弄到食物。Let him out!（作补语）让他出去！修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat.
不同类型副词的用法比较：方式副词：1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）：How beautifully your wife dances.& 你夫人舞跳的真美。2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：She smiled gratefully.& 她感激的笑了笑。3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。程度副词和强调副词&：1）程度副词可修饰动词，表示“到某种程度”：&& Is she badly hurt?& 她伤得重吗？& [说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外，还可修饰形容词（a）或另一副词(b):a. fairly simple 相当简单&&&&& quite correct 完全正确b. wonderfully well 好极了&&& do it very quickly 干得很快2）much 是一个特殊的程度副词，它可以：a. 修饰形容词等：I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。&b. 修饰比较级：You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。疑问副词和连接副词：1）疑问副词：疑问副词用来引导特殊问句：how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身体好吗？where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人？when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来？why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚？2）连接副词：连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样，但都引导从句或与不定式连用：how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。（引导宾语从句）when: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。（引导宾语从句）why: That’s why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。（引导表语从句）一些其它类型的副词，如表示方向的副词：Let’s go inside. 咱们到里面去。Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。
副词的位置：1、实义动词前，be动词、情态动词之后。 I am also Bush. I can also do that. I also want to play that games. I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。 He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天给了我一件礼物。 She didn't drink water enough. 她喝的水不够。 The train goes fast. 火车跑得快。 We can go to this school freely. 我们可以免费到这家学校学习。 They left a life hardly then. 当时他们的生活很艰难。 He has a new hat on today. 他今天戴了一顶新帽子。 I have seen this film twice with my friends. 这部电影我和朋友看过两次。 2、副词修饰形容词,副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。 It's rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易,我能做到。 He did it quite well. 他做得相当好。 It's rather difficult to tell who is right.很难说谁是对的。 It's so important that I must tell my friends. 这件事太重要了，我得告诉我的朋友。 It's much better. 好多了。 3、频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。 I often help him these days. 这些日子我经常帮助他。 I always remember the day when I first came to this school. 我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。 You mustn't always help me. 你不能老是帮助我。 He seldom comes to see us. 他很少来看我们。 We usually go shopping once a week. 我们通常一周买一次东西。 The new students don't always go to dance. 新学生并不时常去跳舞。 4、疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。 When do you study everyday? 你每天什么时间学习? Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告诉我你如何做的吗? First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。 How much does this bike cost? 这辆车子多少钱？ Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他来。 The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 当老师进教室时，学生们正在读书。 5、时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面时间副词在后面。 We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday. 昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了. What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么？ The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago. 一小时前十一号大街发生了一场事故。 6、否定副词在句首，句子要倒装，如： Never have I felt so excited!
兼有两种形式的副词：1) close与closely close意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔细地" He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2) late 与lately late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近" You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3) deep与deeply deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地" He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5) wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方" He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6) free与freely free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地" You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. Y say what you like. 副词有加a或ly的 区别在于通常加a 的副词描述一种状态，而加ly 的副词则倾向于感觉。
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— It's June 26. [ ]A. day B. time C. date D. hour
4、 —What is your favourite _______, Jane? —I like music best of all. [ ]A. subject B. sport C. season D. colour
5、 If a fire breaks out in a cinema, you should find the sign _______ and leave quickly. [ ]A. BUSINESS HOURS B. NO SMOKING C. PLAY D. EXIT
6、 —_______ did you come back from Shanghai? —On the morning of May 5. [ ] A. Where B. When C. What D. Which
— ______ are you going to move the table? I can help you then.
— In five minutes. Thank you very much.[ ]A. Why B. How C. Where D. When
— ______ are you getting on with Jane and Jack? — Very well. [ ]A. How B. Who C. WhatD. When
9、 选用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。Lie, marry, enjoyable, exbit, Asia, dirt, hopeful1. We _________ ourselves quite a lot at the party. 2. The ________clothes haven't been washed yet. 3. Guangzhou _______in the south of China. 4. John got _________ to Mary. 5. There is no _________ of oil paintings here. 6. Lots of western people are interested in_____culture. 7. __________, everyone can have a great life.
10、 根据句意及首字母的提示,填写所缺的单词。1. At the meeting, Li Ming c_____ up with a great idea where to plant trees yesterday. 2. You should g the book back to the library when you finish reading it. 3. In f___, we have a lot of homework to do every day. 4. We must p____ off the sports meeting because it's raining.5. He is a v_____ who treats animals. 6. Alexander Graham Bell i_____ the telephone in 1876. 7. They like the fish and potato c_____ in the shop. 8. The soup isn't s______. Put some salt again, please. 9. Salt is p_____ in East and South China.10. We took the pictures with the new c_____ last month.
11、 He has ______ money to buy old bikes. [ ]A. run out of B. ran out ofC. run out D. ran out
12、 根据要求改写下列句子,每空只填一词。1. She has already done his homework. (改为否定句)
She ______ done his homework ______. 2. The king's hat made of red silk was on show in the museum. (改为反意疑问句)
The king's hat made of red silk was on show in the museum,______ ______ ? 3. We must clean our classrooms every day. (改为被动语态) ____________________________________________________________________ 4. I'm going to visit Xiamen and Quanzhou next week. (就画线部分提问) ______ ______ are you going to visit next week? 5. Does your uncle live in Beijing? Could you tell me …? (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Could you tell me ______ your uncle ______ in Beijing? 6. Thomas Edison used the money to build a lab in New Jersey. (改为同义句)
Thomas Edison ______ up a lab in New Jersey ______ the money. 7. John went out two hours ago. (改为同义句)
John ______ ______ ______ for two hours.
13、 — Betty, will you please come here and help me?
— Sorry, she is not here. She _____ to the cinema. May I help you? [ ]A. goes B. was going C. will go D. has gone
14、 There _____ many new words in lesson one, so it is very easy.[ ]A. is B. aren'tC. isn'tD. are
15、 阅读理解。 Happiness is for everyone. You don't need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.
In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your f when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of
when you get success, your friends will say congratulations (祝贺) when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy too. All these are your happiness. If you notice a bit of them, you can seethat happiness is always around you. Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can't be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, lifeis like a revolving (旋转的) door. When it closes, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can bea happy and lucky person. 1. According to the passage happiness is for ______.[ ]A. the people who have money B. the people who have beautiful houses C. the people who have nice cars D. everyone 2. When you fall down in a PE class, both your teacher and your classmates will .[ ]
16、 作文。 小明做了一个梦。他梦见自己成为北京奥运会的一名志愿者:他努力帮助来自世界各国的外国朋友……在交谈中,小明让外国朋友更多地了解北京。外国朋友感谢小明,并认为小明的英语非常好。小明很高兴,他甜蜜地笑了…… 请你根据设定的梦境并加以想象,写一段80词左右的短文。 参考词汇: try (do) one's best, find (that), heavy (lost), talk with (about)
Xiao Ming had a dream last night. In the dream, he volunteered to serve (志愿去服务) the Beijing Olympics…
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