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MASLOVA IN PRISON.Though hundreds of thousands had done their very best to disfigure
the small piece of land on which they were crowded together, by paying
the ground with stones, scraping away every vestige of vegetation,
cutting down the trees, turning away birds and beasts, and filling the
air with the smoke of naphtha and coal, still spring was spring, even in
the town.The sun shone warm, everywhere, where it did not
get scraped away, the grass revived and sprang up between the
paving-stones as well as on the narrow strips of lawn on the boulevards.
The birches, the poplars, and the wild cherry unfolded their gummy and
fragrant leaves, the limes were expandin crows,
sparrows, and pigeons, filled with the joy of spring, were getting their
the flies were buzzing along the walls, warmed by the
sunshine. All were glad, the plants, the birds, the insects, and the
children. But men, grown-up men and women, did not leave off cheating
and tormenting themselves and each other. It was not this spring morning
men thought sacred and worthy of consideration not the beauty of God's
world, given for a joy to all creatures, this beauty which inclines the
heart to peace, to harmony, and to love, but only their own devices for
enslaving one another.Thus, in the prison office of the Government town, it was not the
fact that men and animals had received the grace and gladness of spring
that was considered sacred and important, but that a notice, numbered
and with a superscription, had come the day before, ordering that on
this 28th day of April, at 9 a.m., three prisoners at present detained
in the prison, a man and two women (one of these women, as the chief
criminal, to be conducted separately), had to appear at Court. So now,
on the 28th of April, at 8 o'clock, a jailer and soon after him a woman
warder with curly grey hair, dressed in a jacket with sleeves trimmed
with gold, with a blue-edged belt round her waist, and having a look of
suffering on her face, came into the corridor."You want Maslova?" she asked, coming up to the cell with the jailer who was on duty.The jailer, rattling the iron padlock, opened the door of the cell,
from which there came a whiff of air fouler even than that in the
corridor, and called out, "Maslova! to the Court," and closed the door
again.Even into the prison yard the breeze had brought the fresh vivifying
air from the fields. But in the corridor the air was laden with the
germs of typhoid, the smell of sewage, putrefaction, every
newcomer felt sad and dejected in it. The woman warder felt this, though
she was used to bad air. She had just come in from outside, and
entering the corridor, she at once became sleepy.From inside the cell came the sound of bustle and women's voices, and the patter of bare feet on the floor."Now, then, hurry up, Maslova, I say!" called out the jailer, and in a
minute or two a small young woman with a very full bust came briskly
out of the door and went up to the jailer. She had on a grey cloak over a
white jacket and petticoat. On her feet she wore linen stockings and
prison shoes, and round her head was tied a white kerchief, from under
which a few locks of black hair were brushed over the forehead with
evident intent. The face of the woman was of that whiteness peculiar to
people who have lived long in confinement, and which puts one in mind of
shoots of potatoes that spring up in a cellar. Her small broad hands
and full neck, which showed from under the broad collar of her cloak,
were of the same hue. Her black, sparkling eyes, one with a slight
squint, appeared in striking contrast to the dull pallor of her face.She carried herself very straight, expanding her full bosom.
上海东方外国语学校是一所集幼儿园,小学,初中和高中的寄宿制国际学校.引入全美教学体系和师资力量,海外升学东方外国语学校
With her head slightly thrown back, she stood in the corridor,
looking straight into the eyes of the jailer, ready to comply with any
order.The jailer was about to lock the door when a wrinkled and
severe-looking old woman put out her grey head and began speaking to
Maslova. But the jailer closed the door, pushing the old woman's head
with it. A woman's laughter was heard from the cell, and Maslova smiled,
turning to the little grated opening in the cell door. The old woman
pressed her face to the grating from the other side, and said, in a
hoarse voice:"Now mind, and when they begin questioning you, just repeat over the
same thing, tell nothing that is not wanted.""Well, it could not be worse than it is now, I only wish it was settled one way or another.""Of course, it will be settled one way or another," said the jailer,
with a superior's self-assured witticism. "Now, then, get along! Take
your places!"The old woman's eyes vanished from the grating, and Maslova stepped
out into the middle of the corridor. The warder in front, they descended
the stone stairs, past the still fouler, noisy cells of the men's ward,
where they were followed by eyes looking out of every one of the
gratings in the doors, and entered the office, where two soldiers were
waiting to escort her. A clerk who was sitting there gave one of the
soldiers a paper reeking of tobacco, and pointing to the prisoner,
remarked, "Take her."The soldier, a peasant from Nijni Novgorod, with a red, pock-marked
face, put the paper into the sleeve of his coat, winked to his
companion, a broad-shouldered Tchouvash, and then the prisoner and the
soldiers went to the front entrance, out of the prison yard, and through
the town up the middle of the roughly-paved street.Isvostchiks [cabmen], tradespeople, cooks, workmen, and government
clerks, stopped and looked curio some shook their
heads and thought, "This is what evil conduct, conduct unlike ours,
leads to." The children stopped and gazed at the robber with frightened
but the thought that the soldiers were preventing her from doing
more harm quieted their fears. A peasant, who had sold his charcoal, and
had had some tea in the town, came up, and, after crossing himself,
gave her a copeck. The prisoner blushed an she
noticed that she was attracting everybody's attention, and that pleased
her. The comparatively fresh air also gladdened her, but it was painful
to step on the rough stones with the ill-made prison shoes on her feet,
which had become unused to walking. Passing by a corn-dealer's shop, in
front of which a few pigeons were strutting about, unmolested by any
one, the prisoner almost touched a grey-blu it
fluttered up and flew close to her car, fanning her with its wings. She
smiled, then sighed deeply as she remembered her present position.
尽管好几十万人聚居在一小块地方，竭力把土地糟蹋得面目全非，尽管他们肆意把石头砸进地里，不让花草树木生长，尽管他们除尽刚出土的小草，把煤炭和
石油烧得烟雾腾腾，尽管他们滥伐树木，驱逐鸟兽，在城市里，春天毕竟还是春天。阳光和煦，青草又到处生长，不仅在林荫道上，而且在石板缝里。凡是青草没有
锄尽的地方，都一片翠绿，生意盎然。桦树、杨树和稠李纷纷抽出芬芳的粘稠嫩叶，菩提树上鼓起一个个胀裂的新芽。寒鸦、麻雀和鸽子感到春天已经来临，都在欢
乐地筑巢。就连苍蝇都被阳光照暖，夜墙脚下嘤嘤嗡嗡地骚动。花草树木也好，鸟雀昆虫也好，儿童也好，全都欢欢喜喜，生气蓬勃。唯独人，唯独成年人，却一直
在自欺欺人，折磨自己，也折磨别人。他们认为神圣而重要的，不是这春色迷人的早晨，不是上帝为造福众生所创造的人间的美，那种使万物趋向和平、协调、互爱
的美；他们认为神圣而重要的，是他们自己发明的统治别人的种种手段。就因为这个缘故，省监狱办公室官员认为神圣而重要的，不是飞禽走兽和男女老幼都在享受的春色和欢乐，他们认为神圣而重要的，是昨天接到的那份编号盖
印、写明案由的公文。公文指定今天，四月二十八日，上午九时以前把三名受过侦讯的在押犯，一男两女，解送法院受审。其中一名女的是主犯，须单独押解送审。
由于接到这张传票，今晨八时监狱看守长走进又暗又臭的女监走廊。他后面跟着一个面容憔悴、鬈发花白的女人，身穿袖口镶金绦的制服，腰束一根蓝边带子。这是
女看守。“您是要玛丝洛娃吧？”她同值班的看守来到一间直通走廊的牢房门口，问看守长说。值班的看守哐啷一声开了铁锁，打开牢门，一股比走廊里更难闻的恶臭立即从里面冲了出来。看守吆喝道：“玛丝洛娃，过堂去！”随即又带上牢门，等待着。监狱院子里，空气就比较新鲜爽快些，那是从田野上吹来的。但监狱走廊里却弥漫着令人作呕的污浊空气，里面充满伤寒菌以及粪便、煤焦油和霉烂物品的臭
味，不论谁一进来都会感到郁闷和沮丧。女看守虽已闻惯这种污浊空气，但从院子里一进来，也免不了有这样的感觉。她一进走廊，就觉得浑身无力，昏昏欲睡。牢房里传出女人的说话声和光脚板的走路声。“喂，玛丝洛娃，快点儿，别磨磨蹭蹭的，听见没有！”看守长对着牢门喝道。过了两分钟光景，一个个儿不高、胸部丰满的年轻女人，身穿白衣白裙，外面套着一件灰色囚袍，大踏步走出牢房，敏捷地转过身子，在看守长旁边站住。这
个女人脚穿麻布袜，外套囚犯穿的棉鞋，头上扎着一块白头巾，显然有意让几绺乌黑的鬈发从头巾里露出来。她的脸色异常苍白，仿佛储存在地窖里的土豆的新芽。
那是长期坐牢的人的通病。她那双短而阔的手和从囚袍宽大领口里露出来的丰满脖子，也是那样苍白。她那双眼睛，在苍白无光的脸庞衬托下，显得格外乌黑发亮，
虽然有点浮肿，但十分灵活。其中一只眼睛稍微有点斜视。她挺直身子站着，丰满的胸部高高地隆起。她来到走廊里，微微仰起头，盯住看守长的眼睛，现出一副唯
命是从的样子。看守长刚要关门，一个没戴头巾的白发老太婆，从牢房里探出她那张严厉、苍白而满是皱纹的脸来。老太婆对玛丝洛娃说了几句话。看守长就对着老
太婆的脑袋推上牢门，把她们隔开了。牢房里响起了女人的哄笑声。玛丝洛娃也微微一笑，向牢门上装有铁栅的小窗洞转过脸去。老太婆在里面凑近窗洞，哑着嗓子
说：“千万别跟他们多罗唆，咬定了别改日，就行了。”“只要有个结局就行，不会比现在更糟的，”玛丝洛娃晃了晃脑袋，说。“结局当然只有一个，不会有两个，”看守长煞有介事地摆出长官的架势说，显然自以为说得很俏皮。“跟我来，走！”老太婆的眼睛从窗洞里消失了。玛丝洛娃来到走廊中间，跟在看守长后面，急步走着。他们走下石楼梯，经过比女监更臭更闹、每个窗洞里都有眼睛盯着他们的男监，走进办公室。办公室里已有两个持枪的押送兵等着。坐在那里的文书把一份烟味很重的公文交给一个押送兵，说：“把她带去！”那押送兵是下城的一个农民，红脸，有麻子，他把公文掖在军大衣翻袖里，目光对着那女犯，笑嘻嘻地向颧骨很高的楚瓦什同伴挤挤眼。这两个士兵押着女犯走下台阶，向大门口走去。
大门上的一扇便门开了，两个士兵押着女犯穿过这道门走到院子里，再走出围墙，来到石子铺成的大街上。马车夫、小店老板、厨娘、工人、官吏纷纷站住，好奇地打量着女犯。有人摇摇头，心里想：“瞧，不象我们那样规规矩矩做人，就会弄到这个下场！”孩子
们恐惧地望着这个女强盗，唯一可以放心的是她被士兵押着，不然再干坏事了。一个乡下人卖掉了煤炭，在茶馆里喝够了茶，走到她身边，画了个十字，送给她一个
戈比。女犯脸红了，低下头，嘴里喃喃地说了句什么。女犯察觉向她射来的一道道目光，并不转过头，却悄悄地斜睨着那些向她注视的人。大家在注意她，她觉得高兴。这里的空气比牢房里清爽些，带有春天的气
息，这也使她高兴。不过，她好久没有在石子路上行走，这会儿又穿着笨重的囚鞋，她的脚感到疼痛。她瞧瞧自己的双脚，竭力走得轻一点。他们经过一家面粉店，
店门前有许多鸽子，摇摇摆摆地走来走去，没有人来打扰它们。女犯的脚差点儿碰到一只瓦灰鸽。那只鸽子拍拍翅膀飞起来，从女犯耳边飞过，给她送来一阵清风。
女犯微微一笑，接着想到自己的处境，不禁长叹了一声。
MASLOVA'S EARLY LIFE.The story of the prisoner Maslova's life was a very common one.Maslova's mother was the unmarried daughter of a village woman,
employed on a dairy farm, which belonged to two maiden ladies who were
landowners. This unmarried woman had a baby every year, and, as often
happens among the village people, each one of these undesired babies,
after it had been carefully baptised, was neglected by its mother, whom
it hindered at her work, and left to starve. Five children had died in
this way. They had all been baptised and then not sufficiently fed, and
just left to die. The sixth baby, whose father was a gipsy tramp, would
have shared the same fate, had it not so happened that one of the maiden
ladies came into the farmyard to scold the dairymaids for sending up
cream that smelt of the cow. The young woman was lying in the cowshed
with a fine, healthy, new-born baby. The old maiden lady scolded the
maids again for allowing the woman (who had just been confined) to lie
in the cowshed, and was about to go away, but seeing the baby her heart
was touched, and she offered to stand godmother to the little girl, and
pity for her little god-daughter induced her to give milk and a little
money to the mother, so that she
and the little
girl lived. The old ladies spoke of her as "the saved one." When the
child was three years old, her mother fell ill and died, and the maiden
ladies took the child from her old grandmother, to whom she was nothing
but a burden.The little black-eyed maiden grew to be extremely pretty, and so full of spirits that the ladies found her very entertaining.The younger of the ladies, Sophia Ivanovna, who had stood godmother
to the girl, had the kinder hear Maria Ivanovna,
the elder, was rather hard. Sophia Ivanovna dressed the little girl in
nice clothes, and taught her to read and write, meaning to educate her
like a lady. Maria Ivanovna thought the child should be brought up to
work, and trained her to be a good servant. S she
punished, and, when in a bad temper, even struck the little girl.
Growing up under these two different influences, the girl turned out
half servant, half young lady. They called her Katusha, which sounds
less refined than Katinka, but is not quite so common as Katka. She used
to sew, tidy up the rooms, polish the metal cases of the icons and do
other light work, and sometimes she sat and read to the ladies.Though she had more than one offer, she would not marry. She felt
that life as the wife of any of the working men who were courting her
spoilt as she was by a life of case.She lived in this manner till she was sixteen, when the nephew of the
old ladies, a rich young prince, and a university student, came to stay
with his aunts, and Katusha, not daring to acknowledge it even to
herself, fell in love with him.
Then two years later this same nephew stayed four days with his aunts
before proceeding to join his regiment, and the night before he left he
betrayed Katusha, and, after giving her a 100-rouble note, went away.
Five months later she knew for certain that she was to be a mother.
After that everything seemed repugnant to her, her only thought being
how to escape from the shame that awaited her. She began not only to
serve the ladies in a half-hearted and negligent way, but once, without
knowing how it happened, was very rude to them, and gave them notice, a
thing she repented of later, and the ladies let her go, noticing
something wrong and very dissatisfied with her. Then she got a
housemaid's place in a police-officer's house, but stayed there only
three months, for the police officer, a man of fifty, began to torment
her, and once, when he was in a specially enterprising mood, she fired
up, called him "a fool and old devil," and gave him such a knock in the
chest that he fell. She was turned out for her rudeness. It was useless
to look for another situation, for the time of her confinement was
drawing near, so she went to the house of a village midwife, who also
sold wine. The
but the midwife, who had a case of
fever in the village, infected Katusha, and her baby boy had to be sent
to the foundlings' hospital, where, according to the words of the old
woman who took him there, he at once died. When Katusha went to the
midwife she had 127 roubles in all, 27 which she had earned and 100
given her by her betrayer. When she left she she
did not know how to keep money, but spent it on herself, and gave to all
who asked. The midwife took 40 roubles for two months' board and
attendance, 25 went to get the baby into the foundlings' hospital, and
40 the midwife borrowed to buy a cow with. Twenty roubles went just for
clothes and dainties. Having nothing left to live on, Katusha had to
look out for a place again, and found one in the house of a forester.
The forester was a married man, but he, too, began to annoy her from the
first day. He disgusted her, and she tried to avoid him. But he, more
experienced and cunning, besides being her master, who could send her
wherever he liked, managed to accomplish his object. His wife found it
out, and, catching Katusha and her husband in a room all by themselves,
began beating her. Katusha defended herself, and they had a fight, and
Katusha got turned out of the house without being paid her wages.Then Katusha went to live with her aunt in town. The aunt's husband, a
bookbinder, had once been comfortably off, but had lost all his
customers, and had taken to drink, and spent all he could lay hands on
at the public-house. The aunt kept a little laundry, and managed to
support herself, her children, and her wretched husband. She offered
Katusha the place of an but seeing what a life of
misery and hardship her aunt's assistants led, Katusha hesitated, and
applied to a registry office for a place. One was found for her with a
lady who lived with her two sons, pupils at a public day school. A week
after Katusha had entered the house the elder, a big fellow with
moustaches, threw up his studies and made love to her, continually
following her about. His mother laid all the blame on Katusha, and gave
her notice.It so happened that, after many fruitless attempts to find a
situation, Katusha again went to the registry office, and there met a
woman with bracelets on her bare, plump arms and rings on most of her
fingers. Hearing that Katusha was badly in want of a place, the woman
gave her her address, and invited her to come to her house. Katusha
went. The woman received her very kindly, set cake and sweet wine before
her, then wrote a note and gave it to a servant to take to somebody. In
the evening a tall man, with long, grey hair and a white beard, entered
the room, and sat down at once near Katusha, smiling and gazing at her
with glistening eyes. He began joking with her. The hostess called him
away into the next room, and Katusha heard her say, "A fresh one from
the country," Then the hostess called Katusha aside and told her that
the man was an author, and that he had a great deal of money, and that
if he liked her he would not grudge her anything. He did like her, and
gave her 25 roubles, promising to see her often. The 25 roubles soon
some she paid to her aunt f the rest was
spent on a hat, ribbons, and such like. A few days later the author sent
for her, and she went. He gave her another 25 roubles, and offered her a
separate lodging.
Next door to the lodging rented for her by the author there lived a
jolly young shopman, with whom Katusha soon fell in love. She told the
author, and moved to a little lodging of her own. The shopman, who
promised to marry her, went to Nijni on business without mentioning it
to her, having evidently thrown her up, and Katusha remained alone. She
meant to continue living in the lodging by herself, but was informed by
the police that in this case she would have to get a license. She
returned to her aunt. Seeing her fine dress, her hat, and mantle, her
aunt no longer offered her laundry work. As she understood things, her
niece had risen above that sort of thing. The question as to whether she
was to become a laundress or not did not occur to Katusha, either. She
looked with pity at the thin, hard-worked laundresses, some already in
consumption, who stood washing or ironing with their thin arms in the
fearfully hot front room, which was always full of soapy steam and
draughts from the windows, and thought with horror that she might have
shared the same fate.Katusha had begun to smoke some time before, and since the young
shopman had thrown her up she was getting more and more into the habit
of drinking. It was not so much the flavour of wine that tempted her as
the fact that it gave her a chance of forgetting the misery she
suffered, making her feel more unrestrained and more confident of her
own worth, which she was
without wine she felt sad
and ashamed. Just at this time a woman came along who offered to place
her in one of the largest establishments in the city, explaining all the
advantages and benefits of the situation. Katusha had the choice before
her of either going into service or accepting this offer--and she chose
the latter. Besides, it seemed to her as though, in this way, she could
revenge herself on her betrayer and the shopman and all those who had
injured her. One of the things that tempted her, and was the cause of
her decision, was the woman telling her she might order her own
dresses--velvet, silk, satin, low-necked ball dresses, anything she
liked. A mental picture of herself in a bright yellow silk trimmed with
black velvet with low neck and short sleeves conquered her, and she gave
up her passport. On the same evening the procuress took an isvostchik
and drove her to the notorious house kept by Carolina Albertovna
Kitaeva.From that day a life of chronic sin against human and divine laws
commenced for Katusha Maslova, a life which is led by hundreds of
thousands of women, and which is not merely tolerated but sanctioned by
the Government, anxious for the wel a life which
for nine women out of ten ends in painful disease, premature
decrepitude, and death.Katusha Maslova lived this life for seven years. During these years
she twice changed houses, and had once been to the hospital. In the
seventh year of this life, when she was twenty-six years old, happened
that for which she was put in prison and for which she was now being
taken to be tried, after more than three months of confinement with
thieves and murderers in the stifling air of a prison.
女犯玛丝洛娃的身世极其平几。她是一个未婚的女农奴的私生子。这女农奴跟着饲养牲口的母亲一起，在两个地主老姑娘的庄院里干活。这个没有结过婚的女
人年年都生一个孩子，并且按照乡下习惯，总是给孩子行洗礼，然后做母亲的不再给这个违背她的心愿来到人间的孩子喂奶，因为这会影响她干活。于是，孩子不久
就饿死了。就这样死了五个孩子。个个都行了洗礼，个个都没有吃奶，个个都死掉了。第六个孩子是跟一个过路的吉卜赛人生的，是个女孩。她的命运本来也不会有什么
两样，可是那两个老姑娘中有一个凑巧来到牲口棚，斥责饲养员做的奶油有牛骚气。当时产妇和她那个白白胖胖的娃娃正躺在牲口棚里。那老姑娘因为奶油做得不好
吃，又因为把产妇放进牲口棚里，大骂了一通，骂完正要走，忽然看见那娃娃，觉得很惹人爱怜，就自愿做她的教母。她给女孩行了洗礼，又因怜悯这个教女，常给
做母亲的送点牛奶和钱。这样，女孩就活了下来。两个老姑娘从此就叫她“再生儿”。孩子三岁那年，她母亲害病死了。饲养牲口的外婆觉得外孙女是个累赘，两个老姑娘就把女孩领到身边抚养。这个眼睛乌溜溜的小女孩长得非常活泼可爱，两个老姑娘就常常拿她消遣解闷。这两个老姑娘中，妹妹索菲雅·伊凡诺夫娜心地比较善良，给女孩行洗礼的就是她；姐姐玛丽雅·伊凡诺夫娜脾气比较急躁。索菲雅把这娃娃打扮身漂漂亮
亮，还教她念书，一心想把她培养成自己的养女。玛丽雅却要把她训练成一名出色的侍女，因此对她很严格，遇到自己情绪不好，就罚她甚至打她。由于两个老姑娘
持不同的态度，小姑娘长大成人后，便一半成了个侍女，一半成了个养女。她的名字也不上不下，叫卡秋莎，而不叫卡吉卡，也不叫卡金卡。①她缝补衣服，收拾房
间，擦拭圣像，煮茶烧菜，磨咖啡豆，煮咖啡，洗零星衣物，有时还坐下来给两个老姑娘读书解闷。--------①她的本名叫卡吉琳娜，卡吉卡是粗俗的叫法，卡金卡是高雅的称呼，而卡秋莎则是普通的小名。有人来给她说媒，她一概谢绝，觉得嫁给卖力气过活的男人，日子一定很苦。她已经过惯地主家的舒适生活。她就这样一直生活到十六岁。在满十六岁那年，两个老姑娘的侄儿，一个在大学念书的阔绰的公爵少爷来到她们家。卡秋莎暗暗爱上了他，却不敢向他表白，
连自己都不敢承认产生了这种感情。两年后，这位侄少爷出发远征，途经姑妈家，又待了四天。临行前夜，他引诱了卡秋莎，动身那天塞给她一张百卢布钞票。他走
了五个月后，她才断定自己怀孕了。从那时起，她变得性情烦躁，一味想着怎样才能避免即将临头的羞辱。她服侍两个老姑娘，不仅敷衍塞责，而且连自己都没想到，竟发起脾气来。她顶撞老姑娘，对她们说了不少粗话，事后又觉得懊悔，就要求辞工。两个老姑娘对她也很不满意，就放她走了。她从她们家里出来，到**局长家做侍女，但只做了三个月，因为那局长虽然年已半百，还是对她纠缠不清。有一
次，他逼得特别厉害，她发起火来，骂他混蛋和老鬼，狠狠地把他推开，他竟被推倒在地。她因此被解雇了。她再找工作已不可能，因为快要分娩，就寄居到乡下一
个给人接生兼贩私酒的寡妇家里。分娩很顺利，可是那接生婆刚给一个有病的乡下女人接过生，便把产褥热传染给了卡秋莎。男孩一生下来就被送到育婴堂。据送去
的老太婆说，婴儿一到那里就死了。卡秋莎住到接生婆家里的时候，身上总共有一百二十七卢布：二十七卢布是她自己挣的，一百卢布是引诱她的公爵少爷送的。等她从接生婆家里出来，手头只
剩下六个卢布。她不懂得省吃俭用，很会花钱，待人又厚道，总是有求必应。接生婆向她要了四十卢布，作为两个月的伙食费和茶点钱，又要了二十五卢布，算是把
婴儿送到育婴堂的费用。另外，接生婆又向她借了四十卢布买牛。剩下的二十几个卢布，卡秋莎自己买衣服，送礼，零星花掉了。这样，当卡秋莎身体复元时，她已
身无分文，不得不重新找工作。她到林务官家干活。林务官虽然已有老婆，但也跟**局长一样，从第一天起就缠住卡秋莎不放。卡秋莎讨厌他，竭力回避他。但他
比卡秋莎狡猾老练，主要因为他是东家，可以任意支使她，终于找到了一个机会，把她占有了。做妻子的知道了这件事，有一次看到丈夫同卡秋莎单独待在房间里，
就扑过去打她。卡秋莎不甘示弱，两人厮打起来。结果卡秋莎被撵了出来，连工资都没有拿到。此后卡秋莎来到城里，住在姨妈家。姨父是个装订工，原先日子过得
不错，后来主顾越来越少，他就借酒解愁，把家里的东西都变卖喝掉了。
姨妈开了一家小洗衣店，借以养活儿女，供养潦倒的丈夫。姨妈要玛丝洛娃进她的洗衣店干活。但玛丝洛娃看到洗衣店里女工的艰苦生活，犹豫不决，就到荐
头行找工作，给人家当女仆。她找到了一户人家，有一位太太和两个念中学的男孩。进去才一星期，那个念中学六年级的留小胡子的大儿子就丢下功课，缠住玛丝洛
娃，不让她安宁。做母亲的却一味责怪玛丝洛娃，把她解雇了。玛丝洛娃没有找到新的工作，但在荐头行里无意中遇到一位手上戴满戒指、肥胖的光胳膊上戴着手镯
的太太。这位太太知道了玛丝洛娃的处境，就留下地址，请玛丝洛娃到她家去。玛丝洛娃去找她。这位太太亲热地招待她，请她吃馅饼和甜酒，同时打发侍女送一封
信到什么地方去。傍晚就有一个须发花白的高个子来到这屋里。这老头子一来就挨着玛丝洛娃坐下，眼睛闪闪发亮，笑嘻嘻地打量着她，同她说笑。女主人把他叫到
另一个房间，玛丝洛娃但听得女主人说：“刚从乡下来的，新鲜得很呐！”然后女主人把玛丝洛娃叫去，对她说他是作家，钱多得要命，只要她能如他的意，他是不
会舍不得花钱的。她果然如了他的意，他就给了她二十五卢布，还答应常常同她相会。她付清了姨妈家的生活费，买了新衣服、帽子和缎带，很快就把钱花光了。过
了几天，作家又来请她去。她去了。他又给了她二十五卢布，叫她搬到一个独门独户的寓所去住。玛丝洛娃住在作家替她租下的寓所里，却爱上了同院一个快乐的店员。她主动把这事告诉作家，然后又搬到一个更小的独户寓所里去住。那个店员起初答应同
她结婚，后来竟不辞而别，到下城去，显然是把她抛弃了。这样，玛丝洛娃又剩下孤零零一个人。她本想独个儿继续住在那个寓所里，可是人家不答应。***长对
她说，她要领到黄色执照①，接受医生检查，才能单独居住。于是她又回到姨妈家。姨妈见她穿戴着时式的衣服、披肩和帽子，客客气气接待她，再也不敢要她做洗
衣妇，认为她现在的身价高了。而对玛丝洛娃来说，她根本不考虑做洗衣妇的问题。她瞧着前面几个屋子里的洗衣妇，对她们充满怜悯。她们脸色苍白，胳膊干瘦，
有的己得了痨病，过着苦役犯一般的生活。那里不论冬夏，窗子一直敞开着，她们就在三十度②高温的肥皂蒸汽里洗熨衣服。玛丝洛娃一想到她也可能服这样的苦
役，不禁感到恐惧。就在玛丝洛娃没有任何依靠，生活无着的时候，一个为妓院物色姑娘的牙婆找到了她。--------①帝俄政府发的妓女执照。②指列氏温度。列氏温度计把冰点作0度，沸点作80度，列氏30度等于摄氏37．5度。玛丝洛娃早就抽上香烟，而在她同店员姘居的后期和被他抛弃以后，就越来越离不开酒瓶。她之所以离不开酒瓶，不仅因为酒味醇美，更因为酒能使她忘记身受的一切痛苦，暂时解脱烦闷，增强自尊心。而这样的精神状态不喝酒是无法维持的。她不喝酒就觉得意气消沉，羞耻难当。牙婆招待姨妈吃饭，把玛丝洛娃灌醉，要她到城里一家最高级的妓院去做生意，又向她列举干这个营生的种种好处。玛丝洛娃面临着一场选择：或者低声下气
去当女仆，但这样就逃避不了男人的纠缠，不得不同人临时秘密通奸；或者取得生活安定而又合法的地位，就是进行法律所容许而又报酬丰厚的长期的公开通奸。她
选择了后一条。此外，她想用这种方式来报复诱奸她的年轻公爵、店员和一切欺侮过她的男人。同时还有一个条件诱惑她，使她最后打定主意，那就是牙婆答应她，
她喜爱什么衣服，就可以做什么衣服，丝绒的，法伊绉①的，绸缎的，袒胸露臂的舞衫，等等，任凭挑选。玛丝洛娃想象着自己穿上一件袒胸黑丝绒滚边的鹅黄连衣
裙的情景，再也经不住诱惑，就交出身份证去换取黄色执照。当天晚上，牙婆雇来一辆马车，把她带到著名的基塔耶娃妓院里。--------①正反两面都有横条纹的丝织品或毛织品。从此以后，玛丝洛娃就经常违背上帝的诫命和人类道德，过起犯罪的生活来。千百万妇女过着这种生活，不仅获得关心公民福利的政府的许可，而且受到它的保护。最后，这类妇女十个倒有九个受着恶疾的折磨，未老先衰，过早夭折。夜间纵酒作乐，白天昏睡不醒。下午两三点钟，她们才懒洋洋地从肮脏的床上爬起来，喝矿泉水醒酒，或者喝咖啡，身上穿着罩衫、短上衣或者长睡衣，没精
打采地在几个房间里走来走去，隔着窗帘望望窗外，有气无力地对骂几句。接着是梳洗，擦油，往身上和头发上洒香水，试衣服，为服饰同老鸨吵嘴，反复照镜子，
涂脂抹粉，画眉毛，吃油腻的甜点心；最后穿上袒露肉体的鲜艳绸衫，来到灯火辉煌的华丽大厅里。客人陆续到来，奏乐，跳舞，吃糖，喝酒，吸烟，通奸。客人中
间有年轻的，有中年的，有半大孩子，有龙钟的老头，有单身的，有成家的，有商人，有店员，有亚美尼亚人，有犹太人，有鞑靼人，有富裕的，有贫穷的，有强壮
的，有病弱的，有喝醉的，有清醒的，有粗野的，有温柔的，有军人，有文官，有大学生，有中学生。总之，各种不同身分，不同年龄，不同性格的男人，应有尽
有。又是喧闹又是调笑，又是打架又是音乐，吸烟喝酒，喝酒吸烟，音乐从黄昏一直响到天明。直到早晨，她们才得脱身和睡觉。天天如此，个个星期都是这样。每
到周末，她们乘车去到政府机关——**分局，那里坐着官员和医生，都是男人。他们的态度有时严肃认真，有时轻浮粗野，蹂躏了不仅为人类所赋有、甚至连禽兽
都具备的那种足以防止犯罪的羞耻心，给这些女人检查身体，发给她们许可证，使她们可以和同谋者再干上一星期同类罪行。下一个星期还是这样。天天如此，不分
冬夏，没有假期。玛丝洛娃就这样过了七年。在这期间，她换过两家妓院，住过一次医院。在她进妓院的第七年，也是她初次失身后的第八年，那时她才二十六岁，不料出了一件事，使她进了监狱。她在牢里同杀人犯和盗贼一起生活了六个月，今天被押解到法院受审。
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