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双色球最新开奖公告（第2016057期） (星期四)开奖
投注总额：325,499,780元　奖池金额：915,017,488元（至少可开出183注500万大奖）
2+1/1+1/0+1
本期一等奖中奖地： 上海2注 江苏1注 安徽2注 山东2注 河南1注 广东1注 四川1注 新疆1注。出球顺序：26 19 23 22 12 07 + 11。
15+3竞猜风流人物
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2016-053210'
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2015-122000459'
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四3:3971312个2连05 06；30 312对同尾05 15；10 303:1:2726二4:278110&&2对同尾05 25；07 17 3:2:1820四2:41101201个2连 20 211对同尾06 262:2:21029日3:3125226 28&&2对同尾13 23；16 260:3:3615二2:41361201个3连24 25 26&&1:1:4823四3:3109&&1个2连22 231对同尾12 221:3:2719四2:4124316 25 291个2连25 261对同尾 16 261:2:3919日4:2941211个4连18 19 20 211对同尾11 212:4:0716二5:1121121&&3同尾01 21 311:2:3930四4:21041321个2连 11 122对同尾05 25；12 322:2:2427日3:3951031个2连25 262对同尾06 26；15 252:2:2923二3:3107&&1个2连28 292对同尾01 11；18 282:2:2728日3:3107&&1个4连22 23 24 251对同尾12 221:2:3624四3:387205 10&&1对同尾05 153:1:2721二4:21041231个2连23 241对同尾11 212:2:2716四2:478209 201个2连；1个3连09 10；18 19 202对同尾09 19；10 203:3:0518四4:21221 13&&&&1:2:3623日2:492206 101个2连25 261对同尾06 263:1:2822二4:290&&1个2连07 081对同尾07 273:1:2720四3:3115229 311个2连31 321对同尾02 322:1:31030日2:41421331个2连32 331对同尾22 321:2:3826二3:31171261个2连21 221对同尾21 311:3:2627四2:490118&&1对同尾02 122:2:2829日5:11131291个3连19 20 212对同尾 07 17； 19 291:4:1622二5:1103&&&&2对同尾05 15；17 272:2:2524日5:181211 19&&2对同尾01 11；19 293:2:1828四3:3111124&&&&2:1:31026二3:3103&&&&1对同尾14 242:2:2722四4:2501072个2连03 04；06 07&&5:0:1628日5:1103123&&3同尾 1对同尾03 13 23；07 272:1:3727二4:21701331个2连26 27&&0:0:639四4:2921131个2连16 171对同尾07 172:3:1722日2:490202 09&&2对同尾02 32；06 163:1:2630日4:298&&1个2连27 282对同尾 01 11； 17 272:2:2627四4:2124205 15&&1对同尾05 151:2:3927日2:4100206 32 1个3连06 07 081对同尾07 173:1:2726二3:381201 111个2连 11 121对同尾01 113:2:11029日3:369202 121个2连；1个3连02 03；12 13 142对同尾02 12；03 132:3:1423
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访问本站表明您同意：本站提供的资料和数据仅供您参考，请您在使用前核实并慎重对待，因此受到的任何损失，乐彩网不承担任何责任。
京公网安备44号|京ICP备号|京ICP证150165号I highly recommend the following...
This is the best propagation modeling and circuit simulation software for Amateur and Shortwave Radio Operators
Best ionospheric ray-tracing software for Radio Operators
This is an excellent self-study course on Space Weather and Radio Propagation.
This is a very in-depth and rich course that will equip you with the knowledge you need for understanding Space Weather, the ionosphere, how radio signals propagate via the ionosphere, and much more.
Take a listen to the Space Weather Podcast!
- Subject: No more sunspots by 2015!? It is possible, if the trend revealed in current sunspot research at Kitt Peak, AZ, continues. Listen now!
Podcast home:
Gain the on-air edge: This article explains how the ANTENNA is the key! ->
X-ray Conditions (Flares) 5-min.
X-ray Conditions (Flares) 1-min.
Geomagnetic Conditions (Kp)
Satellite Environment Plot:
Main Propagation Menu:
How-To Articles:
Check out the
- the latest is version 2.05.
ACE-HF is propagation forecasting and modeling for Amateur Radio as well as for Shortwave radio Listening and general HF operation. This software is even used by the military and other clients around the world.
This software is developed and maintained by the same engineers that keep VOACAP up-to-date.
As a result, this software is the most accurate user interface integrated with VOACAP. . This software is the most accurate modeling software available, and is endorsed by NW7US. .
Main Site Menu:
Please help me keep this site running:
This website is kept alive by Tomas (NW7US), out of &spare change& (which there's not always enough of), and, by the kind, helpful people who visit this website.
Would you like to help me keep this site running 24/7?
If you are able to help me keep this website up and running, please: help me keep this site running for everyone... click on this donation button:
There are other ways that you can help me keep this site up and running. Here are a few other ways:
1. Send your donation via postal service.
Make your donation payable to: Tomas Hood, PO Box 9, Stevensville, Montana .
2. Purchase
- a small proceed will be sent to HFRadio.org to help keep the site running.
Be sure to mention that you are buying this software through HFRadio.org.
3. Purchase one or more of the following Solar Terrestrial Dispatch (STD) products, and a small proceed will be sent to HFRadio.org:
Other links of interest:
Want to learn about Propagation and Space Weather? - , today!
Please use the .
I look forward to hearing your comments.
Check out some of the other activities that I am involved in:
hfradio.org
NW7US Update to CQ Magazine Last Minute Forecast
Updated: 22-May-2016 UTC
Day-to-Day Conditions Expected for May 2016
Propagation Index
Above Normal:4-5,7,11-14,18-20,23-27,31
High Normal:1,3,6,10,15-17,21-22,28,30
Low Normal:No days
Below Normal:2,9,29
Disturbed:8
To use this chart, please refer to my Propagation Column in CQ Magazine.
Warnings/Alerts issued
in the last 24 hours, if any:
Recent Space Environment Reports:
+ Reports of
From the :
Solar X-ray Flux
of 5-minute solar X-ray flux values measured on the GOES 8 and 10 satellites.
1-min Solar X-ray Flux plot
Satellite Environment Plot
Additional Resources
+ , the official keepers of sunspot data.
Solar Activity Forecast
The Forecast of Solar Activity as well as Geomagnetic Activity
Probability of Flares
and Proton Events
(Flare/Proton)
Geomagnetic Activity Probabilities
Middle latitudes
High latitudes
Minor Storm
Major-severe Storm
Solar Sunspot Cycle 24 Progress
Do you want the latest solar conditions sent to you as an RSS feed? Click:
You will need a
for RSS/XML.
(Use http://hfradio.org/propsupport/prop.rss as your RSS channel url)
This page was rendered on 22-May-16 1312 UTC.
This page was first created in 1998, by Tomas David Hood (NW7US)
Current Sunspot Cycle 24 Activity and Space Weather
Sun Spots: 17 as of 05/21/2016
:: 10.7-cm Flux: 98
(SFU=Solar Flux Units)
30 Minutes of Dazzling Sun! Ultra-high Definition 4k View
An Intimate View of the Sun, Every Day of 2015 (Year 6 of SDO) UHD 4k
Watch Five Very Intense X-class X-ray Flares Erupt, Back-to-back!(From the largest sunspot region in 20+ years...)
Check out the X2.7 X-ray Flare (May 5 2015) - 'Biggest' of 2015, so far
See highlights of the last five years of the Sun, as seen by SDO
Click on an image for full-sized view
Map, Above: Conditions in the D region of the ionosphere have a dramatic effect on high frequency (HF) communications and low frequency (LF) navigation systems. The global D Region Absorption Predictions (D-RAP) depicts the D region at high latitudes where it is driven by particles as well as low latitudes, where photons cause the prompt changes.
Note: At times, images may appear broken or missing, when SDO is working on the AIA/HMI instruments.
Planetary A-index (Ap): 15
| Planetary K-index (Kp): 3
Solar Wind: 572 km/s at 1.0 protons/cm3, Bz is 0.0 nT
(May 22, 2016 at 1304 UT)
X-ray Solar Flares:
6h hi [C1.0][] 24h hi [C1.0][]
Background X-ray Level, Last Six Days
May 21 2016 :: B1.7
May 20 2016 :: B1.8
May 19 2016 :: B1.9
May 18 2016 :: B2.2
May 17 2016 :: B2.6
May 16 2016 :: B2.8
Here is a video introduction to shortwave / HF amateur radio -- what is it that we amateur radio oprators listen to?
If you have not yet been introduced to this world, this is a very basic introduction.
If you are using software utilities such as Ace-HF, that require a &smoothed& sunspot number
(Referred to as the SSN), or, the smoothed 10.7-cm Radio Flux Index,
use the following predicted values in this following table:
Predicted SMOOTHED Sunspot Number And Radio Flux Values
With Expected Ranges
Smoothed Sunspot Number
Predicted/High/Low
Smoothed 10.7 cm Radio Flux
Predicted/High/Low
To understand more about the Maximum Usable Frequencies, and related
science, please .
Global HF Propagation Conditions
Global HF Propagation Conditions for 1200Z on 22 May, 2016
High Latitude: Fair
Middle Latitude: Normal
Low Latitude: Normal
Geomagnetic Latitude Ranges:
High: 60-90 degrees
Middle: 20-60 degrees
Low: 0-20 degrees
At 0805 UTC, on 9 August 2011, a strong magnitude X6.9 X-ray flare -- the strongest yet in this current solar cycle (Cycle 24) -- erupted on the northwestern solar limb.
Videos of Interest - Space Weather, Solar Dynamics Observatory, STEREO, and more... from the . (Click on the small image to launch the video...)
Video: Voyager Finds Magnetic Foam at Solar Systems Edge
Video: Zoom View of Prominence Eruption and X-Ray Flare - M2.5 Magnitude - June 7 2011
Video: X-Ray Flare, Coronal Mass Ejection, Proton Storm - M2.5 Magnitude - June 7 2011 (Close-up of the video, above)
Video: Stunning Close-up View of M3 X-Ray Flare 24 February 2011
Video: June 2011 20-meter (14-Mhz) JT65A Coverage Map of NW7US Radio Signal
The NW7US Current Sunspot and Geophysical Activity Report
The observations, prognastications, and comments by NW7US
NW7US is Tomas David Hood, Propagation and Space Weather Columnist
for CQ Communications
More about Background X-rays
The hard X-ray energy present from the wavelengths of 1 to 8 Angstroms provide the most effective ionizing energy throughout all of the ionospheric layers in our atmosphere.
The GEOS satellites measure these wavelengths and the resulting measurements are reported as the &background X-ray level& throughout the day.
A daily average is reported, as well.
Just like X-ray flares, the background hard X-ray level is measured in watts per square meter (W/m2), reported using the categories, A, B, C, M, and X.
These let each class has a peak flux ten times greater than the preceding one. Within a class there is a linear scale from 1 to 9.
If one records the daily background X-ray levels for the course of a sunspot cycle, one would discover that the background X-ray levels remained at the A class level during the sunspot cycle minumum.
During the rise and fall of a solar cycle, the background X-ray energy levels remained mostly in the B range.
During peak solar cycle periods, the background energy reached the C and sometimes even M levels.
Armed with this information, can we discover any clues as to the current status of Sunspot Cycle 24?
Below is a graph plotting the background hard X-ray energy reported by the GEOS satellites since the end of Sunspot Cycle 22.
Clearly, we see a noticeable rise in Cycle 24 activity.
We're seeing the energy mostly in the B level more often, supporting the view that Cycle 24 is alive and moving along toward an eventual sunspot cycle peak in several years.
Overall, the monthly average background 'hard' X-ray level is rising (as seen by the following plot), showing a change from deep solar cycle minimum.
We are certainly in the rising phase of Sunspot Cycle 24.
While it has been a slow up-tick over the last eighteen months, I expect to see a more rapid rise during mid to late 2011.
Highlights of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity
Covering the period:
09 - 15 May 2016
Solar activity was low and only C-class flare activity was observed. Region 2543 (S05, L=002, class/area=Dao/90 on 10 May) produced a C7 flare at 14/1134 UTC which was the largest event of the period. Region 2544 (N21,L=296, class/area=Dao/150 on 15 May) produced five low-level C-class flares on 15 May, the largest being a C1 at 15/0502 UTC. Region 2542 (N12, L=357, class/area=Dai/150 on 09 May) produced a long-duration C3 flare at 15/1603 UTC with an associated filament eruption and partial-halo coronal mass ejection (CME) that departed off of the west limb. Forecaster analysis and WSA/Enlil modelling determined that the CME did not have an Earth-directed component. There were no Earth-directed CMEs during the period.
No proton events were observed at geosynchronous orbit. However, a slight enhancement was observed on 15 May associated with a long-duration C3 flare and filament eruption near Region 2542. A peak flux of 2 pfu was observed on 15 May at 2315 UTC.
The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit was at very high levels from 09-13 May due to the influences of a negative polarity coronal hole high speed stream (CH HSS). High levels were observed on 14 May and moderate levels rounded out the week on 15 May.
Geomagnetic field activity was at unsettled to G3 (Strong) geomagnetic storm levels on 09 May due to the residual effects of a co-rotating interaction region and subsequent negative polarity coronal hole high speed stream (CH HSS). Mainly quiet to unsettled conditions were observed for 10-14 May with a nominal solar wind. A positive polarity CH HSS became connected with Earths magnetic field on 15 May causing quiet to active conditions.
Monthly and smoothed sunspot number - The monthly mean sunspot number (blue) and 13-month smoothed monthly sunspot number (red) for the last five cycles. You can see that this current cycle, Cycle 24, is a weak cycle, compared to the last few.
(Click to see actual size)
Daily and monthly sunspot number (last 13 years)
Daily sunspot number (yellow), monthly mean sunspot number (blue), smoothed monthly sunspot number (red) for the last 13 years and 12-month ahead predictions of the monthly smoothed sunspot number:
SC (red dots) : prediction method based on an interpolation of Waldmeier' It is only based on the sunspot number series.
CM (red dashes) : method (from K. Denkmayr and P. Cugnon) combining a regression technique applied to the sunspot number series with the aa geomagnetic index used as a precursor (improved predictions during the minimum phase between solar cycles).
(Click to see actual size)
What is 'Space Weather'?
Click on these two information slides to view them in full size:
View of numbered sunspot regions and plages (if any)
(Click for large view)
Active sunspot regions, and plages, identified by SIDC
Latest GOES 15 Image of the Sun
STEREO IMAGES
What is coming
Current View
What was...
Real Time Solor Wind and Aurora:
On 2016 May 22 1308Z: Bz: -0.1 nT
Bx: -5.3 nT | By: 1.1 nT | Total: 5.4 nT
Most recent satellite polar pass:
Centered on 12/09/2014 : 1725 UTC
Aurora Activity Level was 4 at 1725 UTC
for latest.
This is a video of the simulation from May 27-28, 2011, showing
the Geomagnetic disturbance caused by the solar wind
Outlook:(valid from 1230UT, 21 May 2016 until 23 May 2016)
21 May -cm Flux: 102 / Ap: 022
22 May -cm Flux: 103 / Ap: 011
23 May -cm Flux: 105 / Ap: 015
Solar Flares:Quiet conditions (<50% probability of C-class flares)
Geo-Disturbance:Active conditions expected (A>=20 or K=4)
Solar Proton Event:Quiet
Comment from the SIDC (RWC Belgium): Over the past 24 hours solar activity has been low. The largest flare was a B5.9 class flare, produced by Active Region (AR) 2546 (Mcintosh class:C Mag. type:Beta). All other ARs have been quiet. Solar protons have remained at background levels over the past 24 hours. There have been no Earth directed CMEs detected. Solar activity is expected to remain low over the next 24 hours with a small probability of C-class flares. The solar wind speed has been slowly increasing from around 400 to 500 km/s over the past 24 hours. The total magnetic field strength has slowly increased from 6 and 10 nT. The Bz component fluctuated between -10 and +10 nT, but has been largely negative this morning. Geomagnetic conditions ranged between Kp index 0-5 (NOAA) and local K index 1-4 (Dourbes) over the past 24 hours. The Kp reached 5 this morning as a result of the negative Bz and increasing solar wind speed. A large Northern positive polar coronal hole is currently positioned in the Western hemisphere of the Sun that may be the cause of enhanced solar wind speeds at the Earth. TODAY'S ESTIMATED ISN
: 018, BASED ON 18 STATIONS.
(Comments issued on 21 May UT)
Space Weather and Propagation Forecast
Prepared by the US Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, and the
Three Day Forecast of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity
(as of 2200Z on 07 Dec 2014)
Solar Forecast:
Solar activity is expected to be low with a chance for M-class flares on days one, two, and three (08 Dec, 09 Dec, 10 Dec).
Geomagnetic Forecast:
The geomagnetic field is expected to be at quiet to minor storm levels on day one (08 Dec), quiet to active levels on day two (09 Dec) and quiet levels on day three (10 Dec).
Forecast of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity
16 May - 11 June 2016
Solar activity is expected to be at very low (B-class flares) to low (C-class flares) levels throughout the outlook period.
No proton events are expected at geosynchronous orbit. The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit is expected to be at high levels on 16-23 May, 30 May-02 Jun, and 06-10 Jun. Moderate flux levels are expected for the remainder of the period.
Geomagnetic field activity is expected to reach G1 (Minor) geomagnetic storm levels on 16, 19-20 May due to the influence of recurrent positive polarity coronal hole high speed streams (CH HSS). G1 (Minor) storm levels are also expected on 29 May and 04-05 June due to the influnce of negative polarity CH HSSs.
Real-time foF2 map from , Australian Space Weather Agency
Click on image to
view larger versions
The following images
are from SOHO
Please helpkeep this siterunning for everyone:
Check out this amazing
showing plasma rain on the Sun!
Check out this amazing
showing a prominence the Sun:
Don't forget to join the .
Summary & Medium Range Forecasts
- Forecast of ducts providing distant VHF/UHF propagation.
Grey-line Terminator Map
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Additional Views of the Sun
Be sure to check the Date shown in each photo - is it today's date?
(click to enlarge)
Purchase the STD Internet Space Weather & Radio Propagation Forecasting Course
Solar Terrestrial Dispatch (STD) is a world-leader in space weather forecasting services, as was demonstrated in late October and early November 2003 (Oler, C., &Prediction Performance of Space Weather Forecast Centers during the Extreme Space Weather Events of October and November 2003,& published in the peer-reviewed scientific journal && by the
in 2004). A copy of this paper .
STD expertise is used to provide high-quality space weather forecast services to many electrical power companies across North America, guidance to spacecraft operators and consultation to many others.
STD has developed a special space weather course designed to teach individuals without any background how to predict space weather (see below). The STD Space Weather Course was the recipient of the Study-Web Academic Excellence award.
The course is available on-line as a small group of downloadable Adobe Acrobat Reader documents comprising over 630 pages of printed material (for sample pages, ). You can therefore choose to study the material on your computer or print it out for study.
The course, if you choose the option, also includes the STD's powerful and popular Proplab-Pro HF Radio Propagation Laboratory software! All software products are optional elaborate tools that will contribute to your application of the knowledge obtained through this course.
NOTE: The certificate is no longer being offered.
The course, never-the-less, still provides you with a very well-rounded knowledge base with which you can understand and work with space weather and radio propagation data.
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A list of the topics covered in this home-study course include:
Basics of the Sun
Types of Sunspots
Sunspot Magnetic Fields
Solar Radiation and Radio Emissions
Solar Cycles
Techniques for Modelling Solar Cycles
Sources of Information and Imagery
Interplanetary Space
The Solar Wind
Magnetic Fields
Heliospheric Current Sheet
Solar Sector Structures
Magnetosphere
The quiet magnetosphere
The disturbed magnetosphere
Understanding Magnetic Indices
Magnetic Storms
Sudden Storm Commencements (SSCs)
Gradual Storm Commencements
Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs)
Effects on Electrical Hydro Systems
Effects on Other Long Conductors
Ionosphere
Formation of Ionospheric Layers
Factors Affecting Ionospheric Layers
Solar Disturbances
Transient Solar Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)
Types and Structures of Coronal Mass Ejections
Understanding the Importance of CME Structures
Inferring CME Structures from Available Solar Data
Coronal Mass Ejection Detection Methods
Using IMPACT (software) to Aid in CME Disturbance Predictions
Solar Cycle Dependencies
Solar Flares
Basic Nature of Flares
Types of Flares
Flare Rating Systems
Significance of Proton Flares
Ground Level Events (GLEs)
Fast Transit Events
Interpreting Magnetograms
Determining Magnetic Shear and Flare Susceptability
Solar Flare (and Proton Flare) Prediction Techniques
Solar Flare Related Coronal Mass Ejection Prediction Techniques
Sources of Solar Flare Information
Solar Coronal Holes
Coronal Hole Basics
Recurrence
Solar Cycle Correlations
Associations with Near-Relativistic Electrons
Coronal Hole Related Disturbance Prediction Techniques
Filament Eruptions
Filaments and Prominences
Eruptive and Non-Eruptive Activity
Filament-Associated Coronal Mass Ejections
Filament-Related Disturbance Prediction Techniques
Auroral Activity
Basic Theory of the Northern/Southern Lights
Behavioral Characteristics of the Auroral Ovals
Sensitivity to Solar Disturbances
Affects on Satellite Health and Radio Communications
Mathematical Models of the Auroral Zones
Auroral Activity Prediction Techniques
Information Sources
Conditions Affecting Satellite Health
Atmospheric Drag
Surface Charging Anomalies
Deep Dialectric Charging Anomalies
Interplanetary Shocks
Magnetopause Crossings
Postulated Sun/Earth Climate Connections
Possible Long-Term Climatic Trends
Temperatures
Atmospheric Pressure
Storm Tracks
Ozone Correlations
Possible Short-Term Meteorological Trends
Pressure and Winds
Storm Systems
Ozone Responses
Radio Propagation
Basic Theory (Non-Technical)
Characteristics and Components of Radio Signals
Understanding Plasmas
Importance of Electron Collisions
Appleton/Hartree Contributions
Signal Polarization and Coupling
Ionospheric Absorption
Deviative Absorption
Non-Deviative Absorption
Multipathing
Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances
Solar Related Disturbances
Structure of the Ionosphere
Ionospheric Layers
Importance of Sporadic-E
Effects of Spread-F
Solar-Cycle Dependencies
Models of the Ionosphere
Simple Mathematical Models
Numerical Maps
The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)
Probing the Ionosphere
Probing Techniques
Probing Instruments
Sources of Ionosonde Information
Basic Ray-Tracing Concepts
Ordinary vs Extraordinary Signals
Becoming Familiar with Ray-Tracing Software
Ray-Tracing in Three-Dimensions
Ray-Tracing Software Considerations
Preparing for 3D Ray-Tracings
Performing 3D Ray-Tracings
Studying 3D Ray-Tracing Results
Vertical Radio Signal Propagation
Signal Reflection Behavior
Critical Frequencies
Ray-Tracing Vertically-Incident Signals
Oblique Radio Signal Propagation
Signal Refraction/Reflection Characteristics
Effects of Geomagnetic Activity
Effects of Solar Activity
Ray-Tracing Obliquely Incident Radio Signals
Determination of Maximum Usable Frequencies
Simple Empirical Methods
Ray-Tracing Techniques
Effects of Sporadic-E
Non-Great-Circle (NGC) Propagation
Responsible Conditions
Compensation Methods
Ray-Tracing Techniques to Analyze NGC Propagation
Chordal-Hop and Inter-Layer Ducting Propagation
Advantages and Disadvantages
Analysis using Ray-Tracing Techniques
Searching for and Exploiting Exotic Propagation Paths
Properties of Exotic Paths
Searching for Exotic Paths using 3D Ray-Tracing Techniques
Determining the Most Reliable Exotic Radio Paths
Ionospheric Disturbances
Solar Related Disturbances
Solar Flares and Related Coronal Mass Ejections
Coronal Holes and High Speed Solar Wind Streams
Filament Related Coronal Mass Ejections
Impact of Flare Related Radio Noise Bursts
Short Wave Fadeouts
Sudden Phase Anomalies
Sudden Frequency Deviations
Devastating Effects of Polar Cap Absorption
Disturbances and their Effects on Satellite Communications
Radio Propagation Prediction Methods
Short-Term Forecasting Techniques
Medium-Term Forecasting Techniques
Long-Term Forecasting Techniques
Sources of Forecasting Information
Applied Forecasting Techniques
Climatology
Pattern Recognition
Compiling Necessary Information
Exploiting Databases
Computer Related Aids
Studying Real-Life Examples
Developing Experience and &Intuition&
Field Experience
The STD SW Course presents you with some specific historic real-life scenarios. Using the information and techniques studied in this course, you are asked to develop your own space-weather and radio-propagation predictions. The actual real-life impacts are then studied and compared with your forecasts.
The Course presents you with several hypothetical (possible future) examples and ask you to develop your own forecasts.
Course Completed
NOTE: THE CERTIFICATE IS NO LONGER AVAILABLE...
Check out these books on Radio Propagation:
- by George Jacobs, Theodore J. Cohen, R. B. Rose.
The NEW Shortwave Progagation Handbook may well be the only book you'll need on the subject of ionospheric propagation! It is a "must read" for Radio Amateurs, Shortwave Listeners, and radio communicators of any type who need to make the most productive use of the radio spectrum, regardless of the time of day, the season of the year, or the state of the sunspot cycle. It will become your ever-present companion a the operating table as you master the art of shortwave radio progagation.
- by Jim Sinclair.
This book provides a basic understanding of the way radio signals work-without becoming bogged down with the technicalities. It covers all kinds of radio signal types--including mobile communications, short-wave, satellite, and microwave. No detailed knowledge of electronics or mathematics is required. A-Z coverage of radio signals including satellites, mobile communications, and short-wave radio. No math or electronics background necessary.
- by John S. Seybold.
This book provides readers with a solid understanding of the concepts involved in the propagation of electromagnetic waves and of the commonly used modeling techniques. While many books cover RF propagation, most are geared to cellular telephone systems and, therefore, are limited in scope. This title is comprehensive-it treats the growing number of wireless applications that range well beyond the mobile telecommunications industry, including radar and satellite communications.
Check out these articles:
- introduction to Antenna Modeling
Data and images courtesy of IPS Australia, NOAA, NASA, SWPC, SIDC
Layout, analysis, commentary, and certain forecasts and content is
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No part, except for the space weather 'banners', may be copied without express permission.
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