A&and&B&vs.&A&or&B
A and B vs. A or B
导读：这里较详细地说了两者的逻辑关系，or一般有分离意义，and有结合意义
一. &and 与or 的基本逻辑关系
one of A or B 的意思是 "one of A or one of
B,"&比如, "Take one of the apples or the
oranges."&
这句话的意思是“从apples中或oranges中拿一个水果”（不是两个或以上，也不是各拿一个以上）
one of A and B的意思与either A&or
B是相同的。在标准英语中， one of A and B
实际只用于专利申请及某些特殊的专业性语言场合。可以简单使用 A or B.
&1. Take one of the apples or the
oranges.& = Take one of the apples or one of
the oranges.（总数只拿一个）
&2. Take one of the apple or the
这句话本身没有什么意义。但如果这里的apple和orange是某种指代（或省略），那又是另外回事了，如：take one of the
seeds of the apple or one of the seeds of the
orange.除此，人们可能也会理解为对方是想说 "take the apple or
take&the orange."
&3. Take one of the apples and the
oranges.&含糊的语言，它的意思可能是 "take the apples or
take the oranges" 还是 "take one (fruit) from the group of apples and
oranges combined"&(which would more likely be
written "take one of the apples and oranges").？
4. Take one of the apple and (the)
orange.& [标准英语中该句话不太可能] ，但人们可能会理解为 "Take the
apple or take the orange."
5. Take one each of the apples and
oranges.& = Take one apple and one orange.
下面这句对吗？
At least one of A and B are toxic.
答：不对。因为主语是one, 除非one代替的是复数名词。
At least one of the apples and oranges is rotten.
At least one of the two teams are going to
win.& (This assumes you are treating a team as a
plural collective noun.)
There is no school this Thursday or Friday.
There is school on this Thursday and Friday.
有人认为or 来源于nor, 因为在此结构中，or与nor的含义是相同的
There is no school this Thursday nor Friday.
----& There is no school this Thursday or
[案例3] 高考试题中and, but和or的用法
1. （NMET 2002） Excuse me for breaking in，_____I have some news
　　A. so&&& B.
2. （NMET 2003）We're going to the bookstore in John's car. You
can come with us ____ you can meet us there later.
　　A. but&&&
答案： 1. C ； 2. C.
but 用于表示歉意的句子中；or 表示选择，在众多情况下选择其一; and, but, or
都属并列连词，其基本用法是用来连接两个相同的语法成分，随意错用，会造成句子结构混乱，语意不清。
Though he told me a second time about it, _____I didn’t
understand.
A. but&&& B.
still&&& C.
however&&&&
D. but yet& KeyC
问：B可以吗？是否however后一定要加逗号？
答：在正式的写作中，"however" (作but的含义)
常在分号后起句，也常在其后有逗号，故C并不对。所有这些选项都有些奇怪。这样正常：
He told me about it a second time, but I still didn't understand.
He told me ab however I didn’t understand.
Though he told me about it a second time, I still didn’t
understand.&
那些选项都有错误，改正的方式：
A. Though He told me a second time about it, but I didn’t
understand.
B. Though he told me a second time about it, still I
still didn’t understand.
or B. Though He told me a second time about it; still
I didn’t understand.
C. Though He told me a second time about it;
however, I didn’t understand.
D. Though He told me a second time about it, but yet
I didn’t understand.
or D. Though He told me a second time about it, but yet I
didn’t understand. Old fashioned, or perhaps BE.
另外，当however是no matter how的意思时，它后面自然不能用逗号：
I did not understand what he meant, however he might word
I did not understand what he meant, however many times he told
二 . and 的基本用法及考点
　　1. and 表示顺承或递进关系，强调前后的内容与形式一致。例如：
　　Our guide saw me and shouted at me.
&　 One learns a language by making mistakes and
correcting them.
　　I'd like to lie down and go to sleep.
　　He told his desk mate to stop writing and to listen to
　　2. and 常用在肯定句中列举并列成分，但也可用在否定句中列举并列成分，条件是双重否定句或 and
前后都有否定词。例如：
　　We will be shown around the city： schools， museums，and some
other places，where other visitors seldom go.
　　No fly and no mosquito has been found in that modern
　　Man can't live without air and water.
　　3. and 放句首表示所引出的新内容和句子的关系更紧密。例如：
　　Don't go. They're only dogs. And dogs are our friends now.
　　And as for us，we are fortunate.
三 . but 的基本用法及考点
　　1. but 表示转折关系，强调所引出的内容与前面的内容相对或相反。例如：
　　My name is Robert，but most of my friends call me Bob for
　　Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung
up before I could answer the phone.
　　2. but 用于表示歉意的“ I'm sorry……， Excuse me……
”等之后，表示礼貌、拒绝或不同意，这时只起连接作用，无实在意义。例如：
　　I'm sorry，but I don't think I know you.
　& —Do you mind if I smoke here？
　& —I'm sorry，but it's not allowed.
　　注意：若用于对过去事情表示遗憾或请求原谅，不能用 but .例如：
　　I'm sorry that I lost your pen.
　　Excuse me for my being late for class.
　　3. 要避免 although / though……but 用在同一个句子中的错误。但可用副词 yet，
still，nevertheless 引出让步意义。例如：
　　Though he is in poor health， but he still sticks to his work.
　　Though he is in poor health， he still sticks to his work.
　　He is in poor health， but he still sticks to his work.
（本句连接松散，不算正确）
　　He is in poor health， yet he still sticks to his work……
　　4. but（except， besides）考点，如其前含“ do ”的不同形式，其后的动词不定式常省去“ to
”；但当这些介词前无“ do ”的某种形式时，其后的动词不定式不能省略“ to ”。例如：
　　Since I was locked in the house，I couldn't do anything but
just sit there and wait.
　　We have no choice but to do what we were asked.
四. or 的基本用法及考点
　　1. or 表示选择关系，强调多中选一。例如：
　　Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to
business right away？
　　Whether he speaks or not，the result will be the same.
　　2. or 常用在祈使句中，表示前面的条件与后面的结果不一致。 or 可换为 otherwise， or otherwise
　　We must get up early tomorrow，or we'll miss the first bus to
the Great Wall.
　　You must work harder，or you will fail to pass the college
entrance examination.
　　3. or 用在否定句中，表示并列成分的列举。例如：
　　I don't like chicken or fish.
　　He didn't care about his kingdom or his people.
　　4. or 用在特殊疑问句表示追加提问，提出几种情况供对方作出肯定答复。例如：
　　——Who is the tallest， Tom， Mary or John？
　　——Maybe Tom.
　　——Which fruit do you like， oranges or apples？
　　——I like apples better.
五 .& A or B的单复数问题
遵循“就近原则”
Reward or punishment is meted out
Rewards or punishments are meted out
Reward or punishment are meted out
Cash or prizes are awarded.
Prizes or cash is awarded.
请做下面的高考选择题：
1. She set out soon after dark ____home an hour later.
arriving&&&&&&&&&&&&
arrive&&&&&&&&&
arrived&&&&&&
D. and arrived
2. What the man said sounds unbelievable，___it is true.
and&&&&&&&&&&&&
yet&&&&&&&&&&
but&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. but and
3. The boy had no schooling at all，and he doesn't know how to
read ___ how to write.
and&&&&&&&&&
or&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
but&&&&&&&&&&
4. During the test we were supposed to stay in our seats， keep
our eyes on paper，___to anyone.
　　A. and not
speak&&&&&
B. but could not talk
speak&&&&&&&&
D. rather than speak
5. Generally speaking，it's the greatest happiness on
earth____.
　　A. loving and to be
loved&&&&&&&&&&
B. to love and be loving
　　C. to love and to be
loved&&&&&&&&&&
D. to love and being loved
6. The Whites should either keep their dogs in the house
up&&&&&&&&&
up&&&&&&&&
C. to tie them
up&&&&&&&&&
D. tied up
7. The poor orphan said he had neither father
_____mother，_____any brother ____sister.
　　A. nor， or，
B. or， nor，
C. or， or，
D. nor， or，nor
8. —Coffee___ milk？
　—Only milk， please，___I used to drink coffee.
but&&&&&&&
and&&&&&&&
and&&&&&&&&
D. or；but
Key： 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A
已投稿到：
以上网友发言只代表其个人观点，不代表新浪网的观点或立场。您所在位置： &
&nbsp&&nbsp&nbsp&&nbsp
Vocabulary and Structure 1. Students may find themselves-----------either temporarily or permanently in the target language community. A. live B. to live C. living .doc6页
本文档一共被下载：
次 ,您可免费全文在线阅读后下载本文档
文档加载中...广告还剩秒
需要金币：150 &&
Vocabulary and Structure 1. Students may find themselves-----------either temporarily or permanently in the target language community. A. live B. to live C. living .doc
你可能关注的文档：
··········
··········
大学英语3（2）
Vocabulary and Structure
1. Students may find themselves ----------- either temporarily or permanently in the target language community. A. live B. to live C. living D. lived
2. The term English for Specific Purposes has been ----------- to situations where a student has some specific reason for wanting to learn the language. A. replied B. applied C. supplied D. obliged
3. He's a good ----------- as he is able to initiate and complete projects.A. candidate B. personnel C. elect D. applicant
4. Well, you seem to have the right
5.William Empson came to China before Anti-Japanese War ------------- out.A. blocked B. brought C. blew D. broke
6. Like Carl Marx, Empson was in the habit of doing mathematical problems ---------.A. in creation B. in recreation C. for recreation D. for creation
7. Empson had a strong British accent, -------- was a little difficult for Chinese students.but B. that C. what D. which
8. Any student who ------------his homework is unlikely to pass the examination.A reduces B. offends C. practices D. neglects
9. If your brother can do it,
10.On weekends, my family often go to the cinema, visit the museum ------------ watch ball games.A nor B. but C. or D. as well as
11. He never went there again, nor
12. We sent the letter by air mail ------------- it might reach them in good time.A. in order to B. in that C. so as to D. so that
13. It is time that measures ---------------- to prevent such events.A are taken B. should be taken C. taken D. were taken
14. Even though he ------------- present, he could not solve the problem.A. is B. was C. were D. be
15. The students are busy ------------- for the examination.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepare D. prepared
Reading ComprehensionTime to relax　　Leisure plays an important part in British life. There are four main reasons for this. 　　First of all, people spend less time working now than they used to, mostly due to the introduction
正在加载中，请稍后..._________youwillcarryoutmyinstructionsorIwillofferthejobtosomeoneelse.A.EitherB.UnlessC.UntilD.WhetherA略河南省信阳高中2011届高三高考模拟试题（二）（英语）答案