Tragedy - definition of tragedy by The Free Dictionary /tragedy
tragedy Also found in: , , , , .
trag·e·dy
(trăj′ĭ-dē)n. pl. trag·e·dies 1. a.
A drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, moral weakness, or inability to cope with unfavorable circumstances.b.
The genre made up of such works.c.
The art or theory of writing or producing these works.2.
A play, film, television program, or other narrative work that portrays or depicts calamitous events and has an unhappy but meaningful ending.3.
A disastrous event, especially one involving distressing loss or injury to life: an expedition that ended in tragedy, with all hands lost at sea.4.
A tragic aspect or element.[Middle English tragedie, from Old French, from Latin tragoedia, from Greek tragōidiā : tragos, goat + aoidē, ōidē, song; see
in .]tragedy ('traed??d?) n, pl -dies1.
(Theatre) (esp in classical and Renaissance drama) a play in which the protagonist, usually a man of importance and outstanding personal qualities, falls to disaster through the combination of a personal failing and circumstances with which he cannot deal2.
(Theatre) (in later drama, such as that of Ibsen) a play in which the protagonist is overcome by a combination of social and psychological circumstances3.
(Literary & Literary Critical Terms) any dramatic or literary composition dealing with serious or sombre themes and ending with disaster4.
(Literary & Literary Critical Terms) (in medieval literature) a literary work in which a great person falls from prosperity to disaster, often through no fault of his own5.
(Theatre) the branch of drama dealing with such themes6. the unfortunate aspect of something7. a s disaster[C14: from Old French tragédie, from Latin tragoedia, from Greek tragōidia, from tragos goat + ōidē perhaps a reference to the goat-satyrs of Peloponnesian plays]trag•e•dy
(ˈtraedʒ ɪ di)
a lamentable, dreadful, or f disaster:
a family tragedy.
the tragic element of drama, of literature generally, or of life:
the tragedy of poverty.
a literary composition, as a novel, dealing with a somber theme carried to a tragic conclusion.
a dramatic composition, often in verse, dealing with a serious or somber theme, typically that of a great person destined through a flaw of character or conflict with some overpowering force, as fate or society, to suffer downfall or destruction.
the branch of the drama that is concerned with this form of composition.
the art and theory of writing and producing tragedies.
[;75; Middle English tragedie & Medieval Latin tragēdia, Latin tragoedia & Greek tragōidía=trág(os) goat + ōidḗ song (see ) + -ia 3] tragedyA serious drama where the protagonist is overcome by social or psychological circumstances or personal failure.
Switch to Noun1.tragedy - an event resulting in great "the whole city was affected by the irremediable calamity"; "the earthquake was a disaster", , , ,
- unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event, , , ,
- a natural and unavoidable catastrophe that interrupts the expec "he discovered that his house was not insured against acts of God" - a cosmic cataclysm in which God destroys the ruling powers of evil - a severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death - somet "if this were known it would be the kiss of death for my political career" - a disaster comparable t "there is little likelihood of a meltdown comparable to the American banking collapse in March 1933" - any large scale calamity (especially when thought to be sent by God) - any dis "a visitation of the plague" - an unusual (and often destructive) rise of water along the seashore caused by a storm or a combination of wind and high tide - a cataclysm resulting from a destructive sea wave caused by an earthquake
"a colossal tsunami destroyed the Minoan civilization in minutes"2.tragedy - drama in which the protagonist is overcome by some superior f excites terror or pity - the literary genre of works intended for the theater - a dramatic composition involving elements of both tragedy and comedy usually with the tragic predominating - light and humorous drama with a happy endingtragedynoun1. , , , , , ,
(informal, chiefly U.S.),
(slang), grievous blow They have suffered an enormous personal tragedy. disaster , , , , 2. ,
a classic Greek tragedyQuotations"Tragedy is clean, it is restful, it is flawless" [Jean Anouilh Antigone]"Tragedy ought to be a great kick at misery" [D.H. Lawrence letter]"All tragedies are finish'd by a death,""All comedies are ended by a marriage" [Lord Byron Don Juan]"The world is a comedy to those that think, a tragedy to those that feel" [Horace Walpole, Fourth Earl of Orford Letters]tragedynounAn occurrence inflicting widespread destruction and distress:, , , .
????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????tragédietragedietragediamurhen?ytelm?tragedijatragédiadrámaszomorújátékharmleikursorgaratbur?ur悲惨な出来事??tragedijatragi?kastra?ēdijatragédiatragedijatragedi??????????a?lat?t?n th?m k?chtragedy [ˈtrædʒɪdɪ] N (gen) (Theat) →
fit is a tragedy that → es una
que ...the tragedy of it is that → lo
...a personal tragedy → una
tragedy [ˈtrædʒədi] n (= tragic event) →
f (= play) →
ftragedy n (= tragic incident) →
f; (Theat also) →
nt; (no pl: = tragicness) → (s) nt; he often acts in tragedy → er
auf; six killed in bus crash tragedy →
Busunfall forderte sechs ; the tragedy of it is that … → das
daran ist, dass …; it is a tragedy that … → es ist (wirklich)
or ein , dass …tragedy [ˈtrædʒɪdɪ] n (gen) (Theatre) → it is a tragedy that ... → è una
che...tragedy ('tr?d??di)
– plural 'tragedies –
(a) drama about unfortunate events with a sad outcome. `Hamlet' is one of Shakespeare's tragedies. tragedie
?????? ???????? ??????????
трагедия
die Trag?die
tragedia ,
tragédia, dráma
harmleikur
tra?ēdija
???????? ?????
?????????? , a?lat?
трагед?я
????? ????
bi k?ch 2.
an unfortunate or sad event. His early death was a great tragedy for his family. tragedie, hartseer saak
????? ??????? ?????
трагедия
die Trag?die
τραγικ? γεγον??
trag??dia, ?nnetus
??:????? ????
peristiwa sedih
sorgaratbur?ur
tra?ēdija
tragedie, neno-rocire
трагическое событие
???????????????? ,
трагед?я
?????? ?????
th?m k?ch 'tragic adjective1.
unfortunate. I heard of the tragic death of her son. tragies
??????? ?????
трагичен
traagiline, ?nnetu
??????? ????? ???
tragi?an, potresan
penuh tragedi ,
??????? ??? ????????
???????? , fec?
不幸的，悲劇的
траг?чний; катастроф?чний
????? ???? ?? ???
?áng bu?n
不幸的，悲剧的 2.
of tragedy or tragedies. a tragic hero. tragedies
???????? ??????
трагически
traagiline
?????? ?? ??????
??????? ??, ??????? ?? ???? ???, ????, ???????, ???????????
dari tragedi
harmleika-
tra? tra?ēdijas-
?????? ???? ????
??????? , trajedi ile ilgili
трагед?йний
????? ?? ?????
nh? bi k?ch tragedy →
tragédie tragedie
悲惨な出来事 ??
tragedi ??????????
t?n th?m k?ch
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I do think THE WITCHES CURSE, an Operatic Tragedy is rather a nice thing, but I'd like to try McBETH, if we only had a trapdoor for Banquo. She laughed at the comedy and wept--she and the gaudy woman next to her wept over the tragedy. The tragedy is enacted with as continual a repetition as that of a popular drama on a holiday, and, nevertheless, is felt as deeply, perhaps, as when an hereditary noble sinks below his order. He said it with admirable serenity, with positive
and doubtless it was that very note that most evoked for me the poignancy, the unnatural childish tragedy, of his probable reappearance at the end of three months with all this bravado and still more dishonor. thy wretched laugh, thy id all thy strange mummeries not unmeaningly blended with the black tragedy of the melancholy ship, and mocked it! Nothing of tragedy can be written, can be spoken, can be conceived, that equals the frightful reality of scenes daily and hourly acting on our shores, beneath the shadow of American law, and the shadow of the cross of Christ. It would be well if all our lives were a divine tragedy even, instead of this trivial comedy or farce. How strangely are comedy and tragedy blended in this life J do a little in patent medi- theater-actor -- tragedy, take a turn to mesmerism and phrenology when there' teach singing-geography sling a lecture sometimes -- oh, I do lots of things -- most anything that comes handy, so it ain't work. Wilson and Tom drew deep breaths, and after some general chat about the tragedy, Pudd'nhead said, taking Tom's hand: My boy, did you SEE all the various details of this strange conspiracy and tragedy that you've been describing? Rebecca," said Emma Jane, with the nearest approach to tragedy that her nature would permit, "I don't know as I shall be able to bear it, and if anything happens to me, I ask you solemnly to bury that number of The Pilot with me.
▲tragedy▼
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Doom of American Dream——The Social Meaning of The Great Gatsby
科技信息○高校讲坛○SCIENCE &TECHNO LO GY INFORMATION 2008年第24期
Doom of American Dream----The Social Meaning of The Great Gatsby
(郑州航空工业管理学院河南郑州450015)
【Ab str act 】T he paper ho lds that the presentation of Gatsby as uniqu e to America sig nifies that Gatsby ’s person al dilemma and failure are the dilem ma and failure of Am erican nation, thus satirizing the illusory nature o f the Am erican Dream and the imp ossibility to attain it.
【Key word 】Am erican D Lo st Generatio n
Cha pte r One I ntroducti on
Dream means an unrealized ideal that ex presses a resolution or
belief. T he early Americans w ho ho ld this kind o f dream co me to
America and achiev e g reat success in short tim e. Am erica b ecomes an
attractiv e place called paradise where every perso n can m ake his dream
come true, so America beco mes a mytho log y. The Am erican Dream is a
kind o f ro mantic ex pectation, a belief in the po ssibility of achiev ing so me
so rt o f glo wing future with hard work and sincere devo tio n.
In the early years, the American Dream is Puritan ’s desire for the
freedo m in religion and creation. Along w ith the ex pansio n to the West,
the Am erican Dream develops into the pursuit o f happiness , especially
the pursuit o f success, including career, lo ve and wealth. After the Civil
War, the American Dream becom es mo re popular and mo re concrete and
it m akes people believe that as lo ng as he works hard, a po or bo y can
beco me a millio naire o n this wo nderful land which is full o f oppo rtunity. heart o f American culture----in attempting to achieve a Go lden Dream o f Idealistic Beauty thro ugh th e only means available to him , Gatsby represents a wo rld in which means have becom e to tally subordinate to ends, where the end itself ----the Dream ----is by this v ery fact reduced to paro dy of any purpo se whatso ev er. T hat Gatsby ’s dream is itself a pathetic illusion, is dramatized by the reactio n of Daisy , who suddenly finds that her Fabled L ov er, far from being abov e the sordid reality o f the wo rld, has s p un his enchantment fro m the mo st v ulg ar element of the reality itself. And so Daisy withdraws fro m Gatsby, withdraws fro m th e sudden smash of her ro mantic infatuatio n. Gatsby ’s who le life is devo ted to the fulfillm ent o f a ro mantic dream he creates at a very early age and by its v ery nature his dream requires an ado lescent faith am ounting to self-delusio n to sustain it. His personal v isio n is based on the illusory belief that tim e can be fixed and the p ast
can be repeated fo rev er. T he means by which this g oal is to be attained is
w ealth, and so Gatsby ’s v isio n is like the Am erican dream itself, the
delusio n that yo uth and beauty can be perpetually recap tured if only one
can make enoug h m oney. T he ov ert connection between Gatsby ’s vision
and the American Dream is in the identificatio n of his bo yho o d
ambitio ns.
As a ro mantic dream er who seeks to fulfill his ideal by am assing
wealth as a racketeer, Gatsby is a sy mbo l fo r the who le American
experience. T he corruption of his dream by adopting materialism as its
m eans and illusory yo uth and beauty as its go al is the corruptio n o f
advertising ----a v ast, vulgar univ erse o f ineffable gaudiness. The
essential tragedy o f Gatsby is, in a profo und sense, the trag edy of
Am erican Idealism itself----the wasted o f eno rmo us energies, ev en self-
sacrifice, to self-illusio n and the service o f a meretricious beauty . Gatsby ,
furtherm ore, has no m eans to co mm unicate his Idealism , o r fulfill it, aside
from the false standards o f the Buchanan world itself. Cha pte r Two Bac kground of The Gre a t Ga tsby When hum an history dev elo ps into twentieth century , the Am erican Dream beco mes the m ain aim of Am ericans. At the end o f the First Wo rld War a m ost impo rtant literary dev elopm ent takes place ----the mo dernistic trend, in which a new group of writers called “the lo st generation ”rebel ag ainst fo rm er ideas and values, but replace them only by despair o r a cynical h edo nism . Am erican literature o f 1920s is characterized by disillusio nment with ideals and further with civ ilizatio n the capitalist society advo cate. The lost generation in the 1920s shows a sense of lo ss after the war. Amo ng Am erican writers during the 1920s, F.Sco tt.Fitzg erald is cro wned w ith the mo st credible achiev em ent in the United States. His m asterpiece, T he Great Gatsby , conjures up the image o f the ro aring twenties, the age of flapper, and the Jazz Ag e. In the deno uncement of the no vel that deluded faces the corrupt and go es down to defeat, F.Scott. Fitzgerald bitterly portray s the lam entable scenes he catches in the
co urse o f ethical and cultural co llapse throug h disillusio nment o f the
Am erican Dream . In T he Great Gatsby F.Sco tt.Fitzgerald finds a
metaphor for an entire era when he po rtrays Gatsby ’s world as an endless
ex travagant party, in which flappers seek frenetic pleasure.
Fitzg erald ’s no vel T he Great Gatsby is a parody o f the Am erican
Dream, because in the ex perience o f Jay Gatsby we hav e the co rruption
of the Dream itself ----that is, the traditional dev otions wasted o n
spiritual g umdrops and material triv ialities. Cha pte r Four Conclus ion With Fitzg erald ’s characters being treated as pawns of circumstance, his w orks that arg ue the force of heredity and env iron ment slash at the American financial so ciety mercilessly. T his w ork is massive, detailed, and sincere in the ov erall so cial co nscience, and shows deep sym pathy and understanding of human mo tiv ations. He analy zes with dramatic insight the dilem ma of the individual in the contempo rary society. One the who le, Gatsby ’s person al dilem ma and failure of the American Dream
and it is im possible to attain it because of the illuso ry nature o f the
American Dream. ●
【Bibliograp hy 】
[1]Chang Y aoxin. A survey of America n Literature. Tianjin:N anka i Unive rsi ty
Press, 1990.
[2].C.K.Hillegass. Clif f ’s Notes on Fi tzgerald ’s The Great Gatsby. US A:M emphis
S tate University, 1966.
[3]F.S c ott. Fitzgerald. The Gre at Gatsby. Great Britain:Wordsw orth Classics, 1993.
作者简介:高慧(1980—) , 女, 陕西延安人。郑州航空工业管理学院教师, 从
事大学英语教学与研究工作。Cha pte r Thre e Analysis of Ga tsby ’s Tra gedy By telling the sto ry o f Jay Gatsby, a po or yo ung American bedazzled with the allure of wealth reg ardless of the way he achiev es it, Fitzgerald epito mizes the American Dream of early twentieth century ----achiev em ent as measured in possessio ns an d position. For Gatsby , m aterialism is itself an ideal, a ro mantic dream of unnam ed spiritual ecstasy , a perpetual ex pectation which so mehow turns to ashes when the o bject is actually achieved. Gatsby is caught up in a self -destructive paradox ----he attempts to m ake spiritual affirm ations of material thing s, an in the process him self with neither the spiritual dimensio n nor the v alues of materialism itself. Gatsby attempts to m ake of his m ansio n and
his dream of Daisy , an act o f wo rship. It is this non-material m aterialism
which sets up G atsb y ’s ultim ate destructio n.
F or the end o f the dream , the parado x is o ne which lies at the ver y [责任编辑:张艳芳]
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