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3秒自动关闭窗口高一英语下册月考短文改错题及答案
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高一英语下册月考短文改错题及答案
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高一英语下册月考短文改错题及答案
文 章来源莲山 课件 w w w.5Y k J.C om 短文改错1、 （河南省开封市10-11学年高一月考）Today is Sunday. I have been studying all day long. On the morning,&&&&&&&& 1.&&&&&&&&&& I had a dry breakfast. We have no water to drink because&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 2.&&&&&&&&&&& the water supply had cut off. The water had come back in&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 3.&&&&&&&&&&& the evening, I did maths then. I didn't stop after 12 o’clock.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 4 .&&&&&&&&&&&& After a short lunch I had the break. Then I went to my&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 5.&&&&&&&&&&&& Sunday English Class.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&& After a long and tired class for more than two hours, I got&&&&&&&&&&&&& 6.&&&&&&&&&&&& to home. Some work had been done but some hadn’t, I must&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 7.&&&&&&&&&&&& review all my subject such as the Science, the Humanities,&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 8.&&&&&&&&&&&&& which include Chinese, English, Politics and History as&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 9.&&&&&&&&&&&&&& well. That’s terribly! Especially when there was no water.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 10.&&&&& 答案 &2、 黑龙江省鹤北林业局高级中学09-10学年高一下学期期末考试（英语）One day I told Mr Wang,our math teacher,was ill.&&&&&&&61.________I was worried about him and went to see him after the school.&&&&&62.________When I enter his room,he struggled up to welcome&&&&&&&63.________me.I let him lay down again.Mr Wang looked pale.&&&&&&&64.________I asked about his trouble.He said he was having&&&&&&&&65.________a bad cold.Then he had a bad cough.After take some&&&&&&&66.________medicine he was getting better.He asked me that we&&&&&&&67.________liked the teacher who took place.When he heard&&&&&&&&68.________everything was all right,I could see he was pleasing.&&&&&&&69.________Finally I asked him don’t to worry about the work&&&&&&&70.________and have a good rest.答案61.解析：表示“我被告知”。答案：told前加was62.解析：school此处为抽象名词，表示“上学”。答案：去掉the63.解析：过去的动作。答案：enter→entered64.解析：lie此处是不带to的不定式，作宾补。答案：lay→lie65.答案：√6.解析：taking是现在分词。after taking相当于after he took...答案：take→taking67.解析：ask（询问）后接whether/if（是否）。答案：that→if（whether）68.解析：take his place代替他。答案：place前加his69.解析：please表示“感到高兴”。答案：pleasing→pleased70.解析：ask sb. not to do sth. 要求某人别做某事。答案：don’t→not3、 （河南省方城县月考）Dear Mary,I receive your E-mail just now. Don’t worry& about me. I’m& getting on well with my research work in the& lab. But to my greatly surprise you say you& will give up learn English. The reason is& because you have not done well in it recently& and you have lost interests. I’m afraid I& couldn’t agree with you . I know it is difficulty& to learn English, and English is widely used in& the world today. It will be important tool in& our future work. Beside, it is& becoming more& and more important in our daily life. If you& study hard, you will be succeed. Do remember& that where there is a will, there is a way. I’ m& looking forward to hearing good news from& you.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Yours,&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Li Hua答案& work . Beside, it is becoming more and more important in our daily life. If you study hard, you &Besideswill be succe ed. Do remember that where there is a will there is a way. I’ am looking forward to be去掉hearing good news from you.4、 （河南省郑州市第47中学高一第一次月考）71. You will go somewhere quietly to calm your friend down.&&& &&& 71.__________72. She and her family hid away for nearly 25 months after they were discovered.72.__________73. I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with the nature.&&&&&&&&&&&& & 73.__________74. End your friendship with this boy would be a stupid thing to do.&&&&&&&&&& 74.__________75. As we know, there are more than one kind of English.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 75.__________76. English is one of the official language used in India.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 76.__________77. Although I still smile, but I’m not that happy.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& && 77.__________78. Why not join discussions and show interest in other people’s ideas.&&&&&&& 78.___________79. He wonders that the Smiths will come to his party.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 79.___________80. I have many hobbies, such as play basketball and so on.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 80.__________答案71 quietly改为quiet&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 72. after改为before73. 去掉the&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 74. End改为Ending 75. are改为is&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &76. language改为languages77. 去掉but&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 78. join后加in79. that改为if/whether&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 80. play改为playing5、 （河南省郑州市盛同学校高一第一次月考）English is the most wide used language in the world.&&&&&& &76. ______Methods of learning English has been improved greatly&&&&&&& &77. ______since the begin of this century. Learning English is&&&&&&&&&&& &78. ______not just a matter of knowing a lots of grammar rules&&&&79. ______or words. English is not a “subject” like the geography&&&&80. ______or history, but a “skill” like swimming and football.&&&&&&&&&& &81. ______You learn to swim by getting on the water and swimming.&&&&& &82. ______ You learn to play football by going and kick a ball.&&&&83. ______And you& learn English by using it, without by knowing&&&84. _______about it. A student’s mastery of a language is measured by&&&&& &85. ______答案&6、 •（河南省郑州市智林学校高一第 一次月考）Every morning John goes to work by trains. He always&&&&&&&&&& 76.________buys a newspaper, it helps to make the time pass more quickly.&&&77.________One Thursday morning, he turned on the sports page. He wanted&&&78.________to see the report about an important football match the night&&&79.________before. The repot was such interesting that& he forgot to get off&&&80.________at his station. He didn’t know it when he saw the sea. He got&&&81.________off at the next station, and have to wait a long time for& a train to &&82.________go back. Of course, he arrived very late at the office.&&&&&83.________His boss were very angry when John told him why he was late.&&&84.________“Work is very more important than football!”&&&&&&85.________答案76.trains → train 77. it → which& 78. on → to 79. see → read 80. such → so 81. when& →until 82. wait 后加a 83. √ 84. were → was 85. very → much7、 浙江省余姚中学10-11学年高一上学期第一次质量检测（英语）& I have just got some good news to tell to you. I win a national prize for painting last week. My father was so pleasing that he suggested I went to England for a holiday. I’d like to staying there for half a month, visiting place of interest or practicing my English as well. We’ve been often writing to each for a year and a half now. I have often dreamed of talk face to face with you. I imagine you’ll be at vacation yourself by that time. Perhaps we could go out to do some sightseeing together.&答案：改错I have just got some good news to tell to （去掉to）you. I win(won) a national prize for painting last week. My father was so pleasing(pleased) that he suggested I went(go) to England for a holiday. I’d like to staying(stay)&there for& half a month, visiting place(places) of interest or(and) practicing my English as well. We’ve been often writing to each (加other) for a year and a half now. I have often dreamed of talk(talking) face to face with you. I imagine you’ll be at(on) vacation yourself by that time. Perhaps we could go out to do some sightseeing together.&
8、 浙江省温州市任岩松中学10-11学年高一第一次月考（英语） Ladies and gentlemen,&May I have your attentions, please? In Saturday, July 27th, there will have a few visits to different places. Everyone is welcomed. All the visitors will be divided into four groups. Each group of visitors can visit one of the place C a factory, a farm, a school or a hospital. Please you sign your name at the Service Desk before 9: 00 a.m. and say what place you wish to visit. We’ll set out after the breakfast at 8 and we will return in the afternoon. We will have lunch at place of visit.&We hope you a pleasant journey. That’ s all.&Thank you.答案Attentions改为 attentionIn&&&&&& 改为 OnHave&&& 改为&&&& bewelcomed改为 welcomeplace&&& 改为 placesPlease you改为Pleasesay what place 改为say which placeafter the breakfast 改为after breakfastat place 改为 at one placeWe hope改为We wish9、 浙江省南马高级中学10-11学年高一9月月考（英语）& Some students don’t like talking about their parents often as if their parents love them very much. Are you going on well with your parents? You and your parents will be very happily if you can be friends. Here are some way to have a good talk with them. Find a good time to talk, like when you’re eating dinner, going out for walk and watching TV. Tell them something you’re interested in, or ask them about their lives when they are young. They love to talk about our past! Meet them face to face and listen to them carefully. Be honesty, and your parents will trust you more.答案Some students don’t like talking about their parents often as if their parents love them very much. Are you going on well with your parents? You and your parents will be very happily if you can be friends. Here are some way to have a good talk with them. Find a goo d time to talk, like when you’re eating dinner, going out for walk and watching TV. Tell them something you’re interested in, or ask them about their lives when they are young. They love to talk about our past! Meet them face to face and listen to them carefully. Be honesty, and your parents will trust you more.10、 浙江省嘉兴一中10-11学年高一上学期10月月考（英语）My interest has been in books instead in food since I went to high school. In the past I was real
interested in all kinds of food. In summer day I liked to buy ice cream& and cold drinks, while in winter I
like to buy sweets& and some another food. Whenever I went for a walk with my& parents I would ask them
buy me something. However, after I went to high school, I found I was putting& on weight. So, I gave up
habit of eating and began to spend money on all kinds of books, and my& parents are always complaining
that I am a money spender!答案&1instead∧--of&&& 2real--really&&& 3day--days&& 4like―liked& 5another--other&& 6∧buy--to&&&& 7∧habit--the& 8and--but&&&&&& 11、 四川省南充高中顺庆校区10-11学年高一第一次阶段性考试 （英语） 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）I’d love to tell you something about my vacation. I’ve been&&& &86. __________looking forward to visit the East Lake for a long time.&&&&&&&&&&& &87. __________Yesterday, with my friends, I paid a visit it. We set off at&&&&&&&&&&&&& &88. __________7:00 am by bus. It is 8 kilometers far away from our city, and&&&&& &89. __________when we got there, it was 7:20 am. There we have a wonderful&&&&&&&&& &90. __________time. We spent the whole morning boating and fished on the lake.&&&&&& &91. __________Then we had a picnic in the lake. In the afternoon, we climbed&&&&&&&& &92. __________the Snake Island, picking the beautiful flowers and took a lot of pictures.& &93. __________Time passed very quick. Before we knew it, it was already 16:00,&&&&&& &94. __________but we had to go back. How about your vacation? Please write&&&&&&&&& &95. __________me as soon as possible.答案86.& 正确&&& 87. visit 改为 visiting&& 88. visit 后加to& 89. 去掉far&& 90. have改为had91. fished改为fishing&& 92. in 改为by&& 93. piking改为picked&&& 94. quick改为quickly95. but改为and12、 山西省孝义三中10-11学年高一单元测试（一）（英语）单句改错。（每题一分，共10分）1 .My hometown is ten miles far away from here.______________________2. I am amazing at what you have told me .___________________________3. Senior High teachers are not similar with Junior High teachers .________4. It is a great fun to swim in the river on a hot day._________________5. There are four times as many girls than boys in our class.___________6. What’s your attitude of the problem?_______________________7. The words appeared on the special screen.______________8. A man calling John Smith is asking to see you.____________________9. The climate here is warmer than it in my hometown. _______________10. I’m looking forward to have a chance to go abroad.____________答案 &
13、 辽宁省沈阳二中10-11学年高一上学期10月月考（英语） I often dream of being a teacher. I dream of standing in the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls. I teach them, play with them, watch them growing up. I am always young when I was staying with them. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. Without eno ugh knowledges, you can never teach good. Besides, you have to make friends with your pupils and take good care of him. Though I am a student now, but I will work very hard to make my dream comes true.答案I often dream of being a teacher. I dream o f standing in(改成on) the platform& in the classroom and give(改成giving) lessons to lovely boys and girls. I teach them, play with them,& (此处添加and) watch them growing up. I am always young when I was (改成am)staying with them. I know there(改成it) is not easy to be a teacher. Without enough knowledges(改成knowledge), you can never teach good(改成well). Besides, you have to make friends with your pupils and take good care of him(改为them). Though I am a student now, but (but去掉)I will work very hard to make my dream comes (改为come) true.14、 辽宁省大连市二十三中学10-11学年高一上学期第一次月考（英语） Jim arrived at home and discovered that he has forgotten his door key. He rang the bell, but nobody came to open the door. He rang again and waiting, but still there was not reply. He walked round the house to s ee if he could find a open window, but they were all locked. It was beginning to rain, he did not& know how to do. Kate, his wife, had obvious gone out. He didn’t know where she had been or when she’d return. Finally, he picked up a stone and threw them at the kitchen window. Just then, his wife came back.答案&15、 吉林省扶余一中10-11学年高一上学期第一次月考（英语）单句改错76．We mus t make use every minute to study. 77．The football match was put off because the bad weather.78.& More than one student have failed in the examination.79．The teacher is concerning about his students’ health.80．We’re going to do some shopping. Will you join in us?81．There is no such a thing as standard English.82．A number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400，000.83．While he walking the dog in the park,he happened to meet an old friend.84．How are you getting along well with them?85．Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 答案&
16、 吉林省东北师大附中10-11学年高一第一次月考（英语）81. Last night, his father came back late as usually.82. At the end of 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.83.&The Mekong River becomes rapids as it passes across deep valleys.84.&This is the reason why she explained to me just now.85.&The boss requested that all the work must be finished as soon as possible.答案81 usually 改成 usual82在16th前面加the83across改成 through84why改成which, that 或去掉85must改成should /去掉must文 章来源莲山 课件 w w w.5Y k J.C om
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＞＞＞短文改错。 英语课上,老师要求同桌同学相互修改作文。假设以下短..
短文改错。&&&& 英语课上,老师要求同桌同学相互修改作文。假设以下短文为你同桌所写，请你对其进行修改。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。&&&& 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号∧，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。&&&& 删除：把多余的词用斜线＼划掉。&&&& 修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。&&&& 注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者从第11处不计分。
&&&&& Good morning, ladies and gentlemen! I'd like tell you something about the holiday we have arranged it for you.&&For those who wants to ski, you can rent skis on the spot, and boots too.&&Surely it is better if you have your own boots.&&Don't forget it can get quite cold in the day, so warm clothes are must.&&The ski-poles are often very hot when it is sunny, so be care not to get burnt.&&The hotel booking for you is very comfortable, and the nights do get very cold sometimes, so be prepared.&&For those looking for another activities, there are lovely walks, good views and interesting birds up the hill.&&Finally, I'd like to mention what we offer excellent opportunities to try delicious and unusually food. ________________________________________________________________________________
题型：改错题难度：中档来源：河北省期中题
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen! I'd like∧ tell you something about the holiday we have&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &1. & toarranged it for you. For those who wants to ski, you can rent skis on the spot, and boots too. Surely it is&&&&&&&&&&&&2. 去掉&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 3. &wantbetter if you have your own boots. Don't forget it can get quite cold in the day, so warm clothes are∧&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&4. &amust. The ski-poles are often very hot when it is sunny, so be care not to get burnt. The hotel booking &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&5. &careful&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&& 6. bookedfor you is very comfortable, and the nights do get very cold sometimes, so be prepared. For those looking &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &7. butfor another activities, there are lovely walks, good views and interesting birds up the hill. Finally, I'd like &&8. &otherto mention what we offer excellent opportunities to try delicious and unusually food.&&&&&&& &&9. &that 或去掉what&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 10. &unusual
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“短文改错。 英语课上,老师要求同桌同学相互修改作文。假设以下短..”主要考查你对&&不定式，不定冠词，不定代词，连接代词，形容词，并列连词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
不定式不定冠词不定代词连接代词形容词并列连词
动词不定式的概念：
动词不定式指由to加上动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。不定式的特殊句型对比：
1、不定式的特殊句型too…to…： 1）too…to　太…以至于…。例如：He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。　&&&&&&&&&—Can I help you? 需要我帮忙吗? &&&&&&& —Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carryi t, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。 2）如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为“不太”。例如：It's never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。（谚语）　3）当too前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常…等于very。例如：I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。　 &&&&&&&&&&& He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。 2、不定式的特殊句型so as to：1）表示目的：它的否定式是so as not to do。例如：Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。　　　&&&&&&&&&&& Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。 2）表示结果：例如：Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。 3、不定式的特殊句型：Why not： “Whynot+动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不……?&& 干吗不……?例如：Why not take a holiday?不定式的用法：
1、不定式作补语：1）有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如：advise allow cause challenge command compel drive驱使 enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/love order permit make let have want get warn persuade request send tell train urge 等。例如：Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。　　　　　　 &&&&&&&&&&& The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。 2）有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。例如：consider find believe think declare（声称） appoint guess fancy（设想） guess judge imagine know 等。 例如：We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。&&&&&&&&&&&&&We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。（tobe不能省去）典型例题：Charles Babbage is generally considered___the first computer. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A. to invent　&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. inventing　&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. to have invented　&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. having invented　答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构，排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。 3）有些动词可以跟there+to be的结构。例如：believe expect intend like love mean prefer want wish understand 等。例如：We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 &&&&&&&&&&& You wouldn't want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。 2、不定式作主语：不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。　例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 &&&&&&&&&&& It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。　 &&&&&&&&&&& It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。　 &&&&&&&&&&& It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。3、不定式作表语：不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。　　&&&&&&&&&&& His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 4、不定式作定语：不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如：I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。　　　&&&&&&&&&&& There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。 5、不定式作状语：1）目的状语：常用结构为to do,only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do,so as to do,so（such）...asto…（如此…以便…）。例如：He ran so&fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。　　 &&&&&&&&&&& I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。 例如：I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。　　 &&&&&&&&&&& He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。 3）表原因：例如：I'm glad to see you.& 见到你很高兴。 &&&&&&&&&&& She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。 4）表示理由和条件： 例如：He must be a fool to say so. &&&&&&&&&&& You will do well to speak more carefully.&&&&&&&&&&& You will do well to speak more carefully. 不定式知识体系：
&不定式用法拓展：
1、用作介词的to：to可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to都用作介词：admit to& object to& beaccus to& med to& beused to& stick to& turn to开始 look forward to& be devoted to& pay attention to &contribute to apologize to devote oneself to 2、省去to的动词不定式： 1）情态动词（除ought外）后。 2）使役动词let,have,make后，感官动词see, watch, lookat, notice, observe, hear, listento, smell, feel, find等后。注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。=He was seen to dance. 　 &&&&&&&&&& The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3）would rather，had better句型后： 4）Why…/why not…句型后：5）help后可带to，也可不带to, help sb（to）do sth： 6）but和except后：but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。　　 &&&&&&&&&&& He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。 7）由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to可以省去： 8）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。例如：He is supposed（to be）nice. 他应该是个好人。 3、动词不定式的否定式在不定式标志to前加上not。例如：Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。　 &&&&&&&&&&& She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。4、It's for sb. 和It's of sb. 这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。 1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。用for还是用of的另一种辨别方法：用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。例如：You are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。　　&&&&&&&&&&&&He is hard.（非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。） 不定冠词的概念：
冠词是置于名词前，说明各词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种，一种是定冠词，一种是不定冠词。定冠词是the，不定冠词有两种形式，一是a，另一是an。不定冠词a用于辅音音素起首的单词前，an用于元音音素起首的单词前。如：a bike,& a dog,& an egg,& an elephant不定冠词的特殊用法：
(1)用于序数词之前，表示数量或序数的增加： 如：Soon I saw a second plane.不久我又看到了另一架飞机。 &&&&&&& "This is the second time that I've read the book."&“这是我第二次看这本书。”&&&&&&&&& &"Do you want to read it a third time?"“你还想看第三次吗?” (2)用于表示“非常”、“很”等意义的most前： 如：This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。(3)用于物质名词前，使之转化为具体名词，表示“一种”、“一杯之量”等： 如：A coffee, please. 请给我来杯咖啡。&&&&&&&&&I'd like a tea, please. 我要来杯茶。 (4)用于抽象名词前，使之具体化，表示与该之相关的具体的人或事： 如：He was a success in business. 他事业成功。 &&&&&&& It's a pleasure to talk with you. 同你谈话是件令人愉快的事。 (5)用于指人的专有名词前，指某人、某人的作品或艺术品、…似(式)的人等： 如：A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。 &&&&&&& He bought a complete Lu Hsun. 他买了一套鲁迅全集。 &&&&&&& He thought he was a Zhu Geliang. 他自以为是诸葛亮。 (6)用于某些由动词转化来或具有动作意味的名词前，表示一次、一番等义(通常与have,take,make,give等动词连用)： 如：Let's go out for a walk. 我们出去走走吧。 如：Do you care for as moke? 抽烟吗?&&&&&&&& Would you like a drink? 要喝一杯吗?(7)有的不可数名词或本来带有定冠词the的名词，由于受定语的修饰，其前可用不定冠词，表示某种状态。此时的不定冠词含有类似akindof的意思： 如：have breakfast 吃早餐─have a quick breakfast 吃快餐 &&&&&&& the world 世界─a world like ours 像我们这样的世界 (8)构成短语表示数量： 如：a few apples 几个苹果&&&&&&& a little money 一点点钱 &&&&&&& a lot of time 许多时间&&&&&&& a great many friends 许多朋友不定冠词与one的用法解析：
1、两者均可表示“一”的意思，有时可互换。如：About a[one] thousand students attended the meeting. 大约有1000学生参加了会议。注：在数字开头时，两者均可用；但若不是数字开头，则应用one，如不可说three thousand a hundred，而说three thousand one hundred&& 如：A [One]Mr Smith wants to see you. 一个名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。(a Mr...与one Mr...同义，也可说a certain Mr...，但如果没有Mr这样的词，两者则不宜随便互换，否则含意会发生变化。2、尽管两者均可表示“一”，有时也可换用，但毕竟由于两者的词性不同，用法不同，在多数情况下是不能互换的： (1)从词性上看：a(an)是不定冠词，主要表示类别，即着重表示其后的名词是某物，而不是其他物；而one表示“一(个)”时是数词，主要表示数量，即强调在数量上是一个，而不是两个或多个。比较：Give me a dictionary. 给我一本字典。&&&&&&&&&&& Give me one dictionary. 给我一本字典。前者强调的是，我要的是一本字典，而不是一本教材，也不是一本小说等；而后者强调的是，我要的是一本字典，而不是两本字典或多本字典)。再比较以下一组表达在意义上的区别：more than a year一年多 (如一年零三个月等) more than one year 不止一年 (如两年或三年等)(2)由于one是数词，着重数量意义，所以当要强调数量、进行数量对比或回答how many的提问时，均应用one，而不能用a(an)。如：He has only one pen, but I have two. 他只有一枝钢笔，但我有两枝。 &&&&&&& I want one box, not five. 我想要一个盒子，不是要五个。&&&&&&&& —How many friends do you have here? 你在这儿有多少个朋友？&&&&&&& —Only one.&&只有一个。 (3)在某些表达中，两者均可用，但含义不同：at a time 每次，同时&&& at one time 一度，曾经 as a man 就一个人的性格而论& as one man一起，同时，全体一致地在某些表达中，两者均可用，虽含义相同，但表达不同： on a hot summe rafternoon 一个炎热的夏日的下午(注意用介词on) one hot summer afternoon 一个炎热的夏日的下午(注意不用介词on)& an hour and a half一个半小时(通常不说one hour and a half) one and a half hours 一个半小时 a minute or two一两分钟(通常不说one minute or two) one or two minutes 一两分种在绝大多数习语中，两者是不能换用的。如：in a hurry 匆忙&&&& once up on a time 从前&&&& as a result& 结果&&&&& all of a sudden突然&& &oneday 一天&& one by one一个一个地&&&& one and all 全部，每个人&&&one and the same 完全相同的 英语不定冠词(a/an)的用法：
1、用a还是an：一般说来，辅音或半元音[j, w]开头的词要前用a。如：He has a computer (watch). 他有一台电脑(一块手表)。 &&&&&&& He's a university student (European). 他是大学生(欧洲人)。元音开头的词前要用an。如：This is an egg (hones tboy). 这是一只鸡蛋(诚实的男孩)。注意：有的字母(如a,e,f,h,i等) 或缩略词，若第一个音是元音也应用an。如：He missed an "n" in the word. 他写的这个单词漏了一个n。 2、不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉必用的a/an。如：他父亲是著名诗人。误：His father is famous poet. 正：His father is a famous poet. 3、用于转化为普通名词的专有名词前，表示某某人或某某人的一部作品、艺术品等。如：A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位叫史密斯先生的人想见你。 &&&&&&& He bought a complete Lu Hsun. 他买了一套鲁迅全集。 4、用于转化为普通名词的物质名词前，表示相应的产品或种类，有时表示数量关系。如：It’sagoodwine.这是(一种)好酒。 Twocoffeesandatea,please.请来两杯咖啡和一杯茶。 5、用于具体化的抽象名词前，表示与该抽象名词意义相关的人或事等。如：The party was a great success. 晚会开得非常成功。 &&&&&&& It's a pleasure to talk with you. 同你谈话是件愉快的事。 6、用于某些由动词转化来或具有动作意味的名词前，表示一次、一番等意义。如：Let me have a look. 让我看看吧。 &&&&&&& I'll give the car a good wash. 我要把车好好洗一洗。 7、用于序数词前表示数量或序数的增加。如：He bought a second computer. 他又买了一台(即第二台)电脑。 &&&&&&& Later she borne a third son. 后来她又生了第三个儿子。 8、有的不可数名词或本来应该带定冠词(the)的名词，由于受定语(尤其是形容词)的修饰，其前一般要用不定冠词或改用不定冠词，表示某种状态，此时的不定冠词通常含有a kind of的意思。如：have breakfast 吃早餐→have a quick breakfast 吃快餐 &&&&&&& the world 世界→a world like ours 像我们这样的世界注：有些不可数名词即使受形容词的修饰也不能用不定冠词，容易弄错的有：news(消息)，advice(忠告)，luck(运气)，fortune(运气)，work(工作)，fun(娱乐，有趣的事)，weather(天气)，homework(家庭作业)，housework(家务活)，information(情报)，behavior(行为)，harm(伤害)，damage(损害)，progress(进步)，furniture(家具)，baggage(行李)，luggage(行李)，poetry(诗)，scenery(风景)等。 9、两个单数可数名词连用表示一个整体时，只用一个不定冠词。如：He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老师又是诗人。 &&&&&&& There's a horse and cart on the road. 路上有一辆马车。 10、不定冠词可用来表示“类属”，这是其基本用法，它表明的是某一类属中的每一个人和东西都能说明该类属的整体情况(有类似汉语的“举一反三”或“以此类推”的含义)。此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示。如：马是有用的动物。正：A horse is a useful animal. 正：The horse is a useful animal. 正：Horses are useful animals. 若不是说明每一个人和东西的情况，而是说整个类属，则不能用不定冠词，而要用定冠词。如：The tiger is indanger of becoming extinct.老虎面临绝种的危险。 &&&&&&& Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.亚历山大·格雷汉母·贝尔于1876年发明了电话。不定冠词知识体系：
使用不定冠词和不用不定冠词的差异：1、英语中的某些名词即可用作不可数名词，又可用作可数名词，但是含义不同，用法也不一样。如：iron 铁；an iron 一个熨斗&&&&&&& kindness 和善； a kindness 一件善事2、“with+抽象名词”使用时相当于副词，抽象名词前不用不定冠词。如：with pleasure& 乐意地&&&&&&& with kindness& 亲切地&&&&&&& with joy& 高兴地&&&&&&& with diffculty 吃力地&&&&&&& with angry&&&&生气地但在“with+a+名词”结构中虽有不定冠词，却没有实际意义。如：with a smile 微笑地&&&&&&& with an effort 努力地&&&&&&& with a light heart& 愉快地
因汉语习惯用错不定冠词的几种情形：(1)单数可数名词若泛指，其前需加a/an，不要按汉语习惯漏掉此不定冠词：如：他是著名影星。正：Heisafamousfilmstar. 误：Heisfamousfilmstar. (2)不定冠词不能与指示代词、物主代词、所有格等连用：如：我在公园遇到了我的一位朋友。正：Imetafriendofmineinthepark. 误：Imetmyafriendinthepark. (3)不要受汉语影响而用错不定冠词位置：如：我从未读过如此有趣的书。正：Ihaveneverreadsuchaninterestingbook. 误：Ihaveneverreadasuchinterestingbook. 误：Ihaveneverreadasointerestingbook.
不定冠词的省略与重复： (1)在不引起误会的情况下，两个并列名词中的后一个名词前的不定冠词可以省略：如：The noun is the name of a person or thing. 名词是人和物的名称。 (2)当两个并列名词指的是同一个人时，后一名词前的不定冠词通常省略： 如：His father is a teacher and poet. 他父亲是位教师兼诗人。 但如果要强调这两种身份，也可后一个不定冠词：His father is a teacher and a poet. 他父亲既是教师，又是诗人。 有时，由于两个并列的名词关系比较紧密、被视为一个整体，也可只用一个冠词：A man and woman are walking arm-in-arm.一对男女手挽着手走着。 (3)两个形容词并列同时修饰一个名词时，若该名词指的是两个事物，则通常应分别使用两个冠词： 如：We have a black and a white cat. 我们养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。(比较：We have a black and white cat. 我们养了一只黑白花猫。) 但是，有时两个并列的名词只一个事物，为了加强语气，也有了两个冠词：如：It was a cold and a dark night. 那是一个又冷又黑的夜晚。 (4)有些由两样东西构成的“自然成对”使用的事物，通常只在其前使用一个冠词： 如：a knife and fork一副刀叉& &&&&&&& a cup and saucer 一副茶杯与茶托 &&&&&&& a horse and cart 一辆马车&&&&&&& a needle and thread 一根带线的针 &&&&&&& hire a car and driver 租一辆配有司机的汽车有时连第一个冠词也省略(尤其是与介词连用时)：如：with knife and fork 用刀叉(5)当要对两个并列的名词进行选择和比较方面的强调时，通常应重复两个冠词： 如：Give me a pen, not a pencil. 给我一支钢笔，不是铅笔。 &&&&&&& Do you want a novel or a dictionary? 你是想要本小说，还是想要本字典？不定代词概说：
英语的不定代词有all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, few, little, both, enough, every等，以及由some,any,no和every构成的合成代词（即somebody, anyone, nothing等）。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词none以及由some, any, no和every构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而no和every则只用作定语。不定代词用法对比：
1、so little与such little的区别：用so little还是such little取决于little的意思：若表示数量方面的“少”，则用so little；若表示形状体积的“小”，则用such little：&如：He has so little time for reading. 他读书的时间少得可怜。&&I've never seen such little boxes. 我从未见过那样小的盒子。 2、some与any的用法区别：一般说来，some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑问句中。但是，在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用some而不用any： 如：Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗？ &&&&&&& Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢？ &&&&&&& Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗？注：any有时也用于肯定句中，此时表示“任何”： 如：Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。 &&&&&&& Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。 3、many与much的用法区别：两者都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替可数名词(复数)，与few(少数)相对；而much用来修饰或代替不可数名词（单数），与little（少量）相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中：&如：Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗? &&&&&&& We don't have much time. 我们没有许多时间。在肯定句中，一般用a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等代之。但在正式文体中有时也用于肯定句中；另外，若用作主语或主语的定语，或其前有how, too, as, so, a good, a great等修饰，也可用于肯定句中： 如：Many of us left early. 我们有许多人离开得很早。 &&&&&&& Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。 &&&&&&& You've given me too much. 你已给我太多了。 &&&&&&& Take as many(much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。&&&&&&&&&I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。 4、few, a few与little, a little的用法区别： （1）few和a few后接可数名词的复数形式。few表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调“少”，含有否定意义；a few表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意义： 如：It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难，没有几个人能懂。 &&&&&&& It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难，但是有些人懂。 （2）little和alittle之后接不可数名词，其区别跟few和a few之间的区别相似： 如：Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧，我身上没带什么钱。 &&&&&&& Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。 5、other, the other, another与others的用法区别：这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分，而且在用法上有泛指（无the）和特指（有the）之别。其用法区别可归纳如下：&（1）指单数时，若泛指用another，若特指用the other： 如：Give me another(one). 另外给我一个。&&&&&&&&&Shut the other eye, please. 请把另一只眼睛也闭上。 （2）指复数时，若泛指用other（后接复数名词），若特指用the other（后接复数名词）： 如：There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。 &&&&&& Where have the other students gone? 其他学生都到哪里去了？ （3）others永远表示复数意义（且其后不能再接名词）。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”，同样地the others大致相当于“the other＋复数名词”： 如：Other people[Others] may not think that way. 别的人可能不这样想。 &&&&&&& He is cleverer than the others[the other students] in her class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。 （4）another一般只能表单数，且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或few修饰时，则也可接复数名词： 如：We need another few chairs. 我们还需要几把椅子。 &&&&&&& In another two weeks it'll be finished. 再过两个星期就可做完了。 （5）与some对比使用时，用others（此时与some同义）： 如：Some say yes, and others say no. 有人说对，有人说不对。不定代词用法点拨：
1、指两者和三者的不定代词：有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，注意不要弄混： 如：Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 &&&&&&& All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。 &&&&&&& There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。 &&&&&&& He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子，都不富有。 &&&&&&& He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子，都不富有。注：each可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而every只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于两者时只能用each，不能用every。2、复合不定代词的用法特点：复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, noone, everything, everybody, everyone等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。something, someone等和anything, anyone等的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。具体使用时应注意以下几点： （1）复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面： 如：There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。 &&&&&&& Have you seen anyone[anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗?（2）指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数he, him, his(不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they, them, their： 如：Everyone knows this, doesn't he[don't they]? 人人都知道这一点，不是吗? &&&&&&& If anybody[anyone] comes, ask him[them] to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。 （3）指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用it，而不用they： 如：Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切都准备好了，是吗?（4）anyone, everyone等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接of 短语，可用any one, every one(分开写)： 如：any one of the boys(books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)&&&&&&& every one of the students(schools) 每一个学生(一所学校) 3、是any not还是not any：按英语习惯，any以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时，它只能出现在否定词之后，而不能在否定词之前：误：Anyone doesn't know how to do it. 正：No one knows how to do it.任何人都不知道如何做它。误：Anybody[Anyone] can not do it. 正：Nobody[Noone] can do it.这事谁也干不了。误：Anything can not prevent me from going. 正：Nothing can prevent me from going. 什么也不能阻挡我去。 4、不定代词与部分否定：不定代词all, both, every等与not连用时构成部分否定；若要表示完全否定，则需换用none, neither, no one等。比较：All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。&&&&&&&&&&&&&Not all of the students like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 &&&&&&&&&&& All of the students don't like the&novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 &&&&&&&&&&& None of the students like the novel. 这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说。 5、all, both, each等用作同位语：若用作主语同位语，主语可以是名词或代词；若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语，则宾语等成分必须是人称代词，而不能是名词： 如：We have all read it. 我们都读过他。(all修饰的主语是代词) &&&&&&& The villages have all been destroyed. 村庄都被毁了。(all修饰的主语是名词) &&&&&&& They told us all to wait there. 他叫我们都在那儿等。(all修饰的宾语是代词) 但不能说：They told the men all to wait there. (all修饰的宾语是名词不是代词)不定代词知识体系：
&不定代词与语境考题：
不定代词是高考的常考考点，有的不定代词考题出得比较灵活，不能死套规则，要注意结合语境来理解： 例1：—Is____here?&&&&&&& —No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybodyB. everybodyC. somebodyD. nobody 解析：若只是从表面来看，填空句是个疑问句，可能会误选A。但其实此题最佳答案应选B，因为下文的答句说“只有Bob和Tim请假了”，这说明问句是在查人数，故用Is everybody here? (大家都到齐了吗？) 例2：I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with_____. A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing 解析：此句若从表面看，有可能误选B，因为填空句为否定句。但实际上最佳答案为A，因为上文说“我同意他说的大部分内容”，这与下文的but I don't agree with everything (但并不是同意他说的所有内容)完全相符。 例3：—Doyouhave_____athomenow,Mary?&&&&&&&&& —No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing 解析：答案：C，句意为“玛丽，现在家里东西都准备齐了吗？”“还没有，我们还要买些水果和茶。”
例4：—If you want a necklace, I'll buy one for you at once.&&&&&&&&& —Oh, no. A necklace is not_____that I need most. A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything 解析：此题容易误选A，机械地认为：something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句或疑问句。但是，此题的最佳答案是B，something在此的意思不是“某种东西”，而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”，即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于the thing)。连接代词的概念：
连接代词常用来引导一个主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever等。whatever, whoever, whichever 用法说明：
主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句。如：He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。&&&&&&&& Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。 &&&&&&& I'll give the ticket to whoever want sit. 请想要这票，我就把它给谁。&&&&&&&& Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多，哪个队就赢。注：其中的ever主要用于加强语气，含有“一切”、“任何”、“无论”之义。使用这类词时，注意不要按汉语习惯用错句子结构：如：任何人(谁)先来都可以得到一张票。误：Anyone comes first can get a ticket./ Who comes first can get a ticket. 正：Anyone who comes first can get a ticket./ Whoever comes first can get a ticket.连接代词的用法：
1、连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句： 如：I don't know who he is. 我不知道他是谁。 &&&&&& What he says sounds reasonable. 他说的话听起来很有道理。&&&&&&&&The question is who(m) we should trust. 问题是我们该信任谁。&&&&&&&&I'll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。&&&&&&&&Take whichever seat you like? 你喜欢坐哪个座位就坐哪个？ &&&&&& I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。注：who, whom, whoever等不用于名词前作定语。 2、what的两种用法。请看以下两个句子： （1）I didn't know what he wanted. 我不知道他想要什么。 （2）I gave her what she wanted. 我给了她想要的一切。上面第一句中的what表示“什么”，带有疑问的意味；第二句中的what表示“所…的一切事或东西”，其意义上大致相当于that(those) which, the thing(things) that, anything that, all that, as much as等，又如： What[=That which] you say is quite true. 你说的完全是事实。 He saves what[=all that] he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。 Call it what[=anything that] you please. 你喜欢叫它什么就叫它什么。这样用的what有时还可后接一个名词： 如：He gave me what money[=all the money that] he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。&&&&&&& What friends[=All the friends that] he has are out of the country. 他所有的朋友都在国外。连接代词知识体系：
&whatever, whoever, whichever 用法说明：
主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句。如：He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。&&&&&&&& Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。 &&&&&&& I'll give the ticket to whoever want sit. 请想要这票，我就把它给谁。&&&&&&&& Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多，哪个队就赢。注：其中的ever主要用于加强语气，含有“一切”、“任何”、“无论”之义。使用这类词时，注意不要按汉语习惯用错句子结构：如：任何人(谁)先来都可以得到一张票。误：Anyone comes first can get a ticket./ Who comes first can get a ticket. 正：Anyone who comes first can get a ticket./ Whoever comes first can get a ticket.形容词的概念：
形容词(adjective)，简称adj.或a，形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏与否，形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 形容词的作用与位置：
形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。如：a language difficult to master,&&&&&&& a leaning tower about 180 feet high（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。（6）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+描绘性形容词+size（大小）+shape（形状）+age（年龄、时间）+color（颜色）+origin（国籍、来源）+material（材料）+purpose（目的）+名词。口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。 如：a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella, &&&&&&& the man's first tow interesting little red French oil paintings形容词的用法：
1、形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面： 1）直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot热的。 2）叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid害怕的。（错）Heisanillman. （对）Themanisill. （错）Sheisanafraidgirl. （对）Thegirlisafraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。例如：somethingnice 2、用形容词表示类别和整体： 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poorarelosinghope.穷人失去了希望。 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。如：the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful senseofhumor.
以-ly结尾的形容词： 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错：如：（错）She sang lovely. &&&&&&& （错）He spoke to me very friendly. &&&&&&& （对）Her singing was lovely. &&&&&&& （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early .如：The Times is a daily paper.&&&&&&&&&The Times is published daily. 形容词知识体系：
&复合形容词的构成：
（1）形容词+名词+ed：&&&&&&&&& 如：kind-hearted 好心的，white-haired 白发的（2）形容词+形容词：&&&&&&&&& 如：red-hot 炽热的，dark-blue 深蓝的（3）形容词+现在分词：&&&&&&&&& 如：good-looking 好看的，easy-going 随和的（4）副词+现在分词：&&&&&&&&& 如：hard-working 勤劳的，fast-moving 快速转动的（5）副词+过去分词：&&&&&&&&& 如：hard-won 得来不易的，newly-made 新建的（6）名词+形容词：&&&&&&&&& 如：life-long 终生的，world-famous 世界闻名的（7）名词+现在分词：&&&&&&&&& 如：peace-loving 爱好和平的，fun-loving 爱开玩笑的（8）名词+过去分词：&&&&&&&&& 如：snow-covered 白雪覆盖的，hand-made 手工的（9）数词+名词+ed：&&&&&&&&& 如：four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的（10）数词+名词（名词用单数）：&&&&&&&&& 如：ten-year 10年的,& two-man 两人的并列连词的概念：
连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both...and, notonly...butalso, either...or, neither...nor, (and)then 等等。并列连词与并列结构：
并列连词引导两个并列的句子。 1）and与or：判断改错： (错) They sat down and talk about something. (错) They started to dance and sang. (错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. (对) They sat down and talked about something.(对) They started to dance and sing.(对) I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there. 解析：第一句：and连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk应改为talked。&&&&&&&&&&& 第二句：and连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang应改为sing。&&&&&&&&&&& 第三句：and连接感观动词saw后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。注意：and还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法） 如：Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.=If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance. &&&&&&& One more effort, and you'll succeed.=If you make one more effort, you'll succeed. 2）both...and 两者都 如：She plays(both) the piano and the guitar. 3）not only...but(also), as well as 不但…而且 如：She plays not only the piano, but(also) the guitar. 注意：not only…but also关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。 如：Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 4）neither...nor 意思为“既不……也不……”谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。 如：Neither you nor he is to blame.比较so和such ：
so与such的用法由不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little连用，形成固定搭配。 构成：so+adj. &&&&&&&&&&& such+a(n)+n. &&&&&&&&&&& so+adj.+a(n)+n. &&&&&&&&&&& such+n.(pl.) &&&&&&&&&&& so+adj.+n.(pl.) &&&&&&&&&&& such+n.(pl.) &&&&&&&&&&& so+adj.+n.[不可数]&&&&&&&&&&&&&such+n.[不可数] 如：so foolish&&&&&&& &such a fool&&&&&&&&&&so nice a flower& &&&&&&& such a nice flower& &&&&&&& so many/few flowers& &&&&&&& such nice flowers&&&&&&& &so much/ little money. &&&&&&& such rapid progress &&&&&&& so many people &&&&&&& such a lot of people 注：so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于many，但a lot of为名词性的，只能用such搭配。 so...that与such...that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。 并列连词用法点拨：
1、表示并列关系： 1）or意思为“否则”。 如：I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam. 2）either...or意思为“或者……或者……”。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 如：Either you or I am right. 2、表示转折或对比关系： 1）but表示转折，while表示对比。 如：Some people love cats, while others hate them. 典型例题：—Would you like to come to dinner tonight? —I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy. &&& A. and&&& B. so&&& C. as&&&&D. but 答案：D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。 2）not...but...意思为“不是……而是……” not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。 如：They were not the bones of an animal, but(the bones) of a human being. 3、表示原因关系： 1）for 判断改错： （错）For he is ill, he is absent today. （对）He is absent today, for he is ill.& for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。 并列连词知识体系：
比较and和or的用法：
1）并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。 2）但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： 如：There is no air or water in the moon. &&&&&&& There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。典型例题： —I don't like chicken___fish. —I don't like chicken, ___I like fish very much. A. and；andB. and；butC. or；butD. or；and 答案：C。否定句中表并列用or,but表转折。判断改错： （错）We will die without air and water. （错）We can't live without air or water. （对）We will die without air or water. （对）We can't live without air and water.
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