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八年级上unit5&educational&exchanges知识点语法练习
八年级上unit5
educational exchanges知识点语法练习
新版深圳广州沈阳牛津版英语
一．&重点单词和短语
1. accept& v. 接受；承认&
（反义词refuse）
2. educational& adj. 教育 （n. education）
3. exchange& n. & v.
交换；交流&&&&&&&&&&&
4. host& n. 主人（反义词guest）
5. own adj. 自己的 v. 拥有( n. owner)
6. simple = easy& adj.
简单的（反义词difficult）&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
7. culture& n. 文化 (adj. cultural)
8. confident& adj. 自信的 (n.
confidence)&&&&&
9. deep& adj. 深的 (adv. deeply)
10. improve& v. 改善，改进 ( n.
improvement)
1. take a visit / trip to …
去某处参观（旅行）&&&&&
2. be able to do 能够做
3. give a talk about/ on sth. to sb.
向某人做关于某事的报告&&&&&&&
4. throughout the world= all over the world 全世界
5. live/ stay with 与…生活在一起
6. go on sightseeing (tours)
去观光&&&&&&&&&
7. make friends with 与…交朋友
8. as well as
还；也；不及&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
9. since then 从那时起；打那以后
10. keep/get in touch with
与…保持联系&&&&
11. in case 万一
12.in order that
为了……&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
13. be confident of …..对…..感到有信心
14. look forward to
doing…盼望做某事&&&&&&
15.apply for 申请
16.go on a sightseeing tour
进行观光旅游&&& 17. be
deeply moved 被深深地打动
18. win a scholarship
赢得奖学金&&&&&&&&&&
19. improve the situation 改善情况
语法--现在完成时
如果你想说“我已经看过某部电影，所以不想看了”、“某人曾经做过什么事情”等等，该如果表达呢？首先请看下面的句子：
（1）I have seen the film. I don’t want to see it again.
这部电影我已经看过，不想再看了。
（2）Have you answered all the questions? 所有的问题你都回答了吗？
（3）Have you ever looked at a travel brochure?
你看过旅游宣传册吗？
（4）She has never visited the USA.
她从没有过去美国。
观察：以上句子的谓语动词的一个共同特点是_____________________________,
用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响。我们把这种时态称为“现在完成时”。
一、&现在完成时的概念。
①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
She has been ill for three days. （她病了三天了。）
②& 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
We've known each other since we were children. （我们从小就认识。）
&I have been a member of the Party for 10
③常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：
just刚刚&&& yet
仍然，还&&&&&&
lately 最后
ever 曾经&& today
今天&&&&&&&
before 从前
recently 最近& already
已经&&& this week
本周&& since 自从
for a long tine
很长时间了&&& since
then 自那以来&
so far 到目前为止&&&
in the past/last few years 在过去/最近的几年
二、构成：”助动词have, has
+ 过去分词”
.把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。
1. I have done my homework.
否定句：_______________________________________
一般疑问句：___________________________________
回答：_________________________________________
2. The plane has arrived.
否定句：_______________________________________
一般疑问句：___________________________________
回答：_________________________________________
三、动词的过去分词构成规则
（1）&规则变化
①&大部分动词在词尾直接加-ed
clean&&&&&
cleaned&&&&&&&
②&以不发音的e结尾的，直接加-d
like&&&&&&
liked&&&&&&&&&
live&&&&&&
③&以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加ed
tried&&&&&&&&&&
study&&&&&&
④&重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母的，需要双写最后这个辅音字母再加-ed.
planned&&&&&&&
stop&&&&&&
（2）&不规则变化
seen&&&&&&&&&&&
find&&&&&&
需根据不规则变化表进行专门记忆
写出下列单词的过去分词形式
_________&&&&&&&&
finish ___________& arrive___________
change_________&&&&&&&
see___________&&&&
have___________
marry__________&&&&&&&
visit__________&&&&
miss___________
prefer__________&&&&&&&
do___________&&&&
hear____________
live____________&&&&&&&
clean________&&&&&
study___________
meet___________&&&&&&&
__________&&&&&
climb___________
plan____________&&&&&&&
take_________&&&&&
stop____________
keep____________&&&&&&&
buy_________&&&&
spend____________
learn___________&&&&&&&&
forget__________&&
bring____________
四、&现在完成时用法归纳
1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成，对现在造成的影响和结果。(此种用法谓语动词用结束性动词)
&如： The plane has arrived.
常用的时间状语和副词：already ,yet , ever , never
①already 已经； yet 尚未，仍未，还；强调前不久完成的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用非延续性动词。already
用于肯定句中，yet& 用于否定句和疑问句的句末。
have already finished my homework. 我已经完成我的家庭作业了。
He hasn’t come yet.他还没有回来。
Has she finished cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗？
have already done my homework. (变为否定句)
______________________________________________
②ever (曾经)，句中；never
(从不) ，表示否定，强调到目前为止的生活经历。谓语动词用延续性动词。
例如：Have you ever
climb that mountain? 你曾经爬过那座山吗？
&Have you ever been to Shanghai?你曾经去过上海吗？
I have never late for school.我从来没有迟到过。
③already ever与never应位于助动词have/has 之后，主要动词之前。
拓展：before
(以前)，句尾，独立用
I haven’t met him before. 我以前从来没有见过他。
just (刚刚)，用于肯定句中，常用在助动词和过去分词之间。
如：I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。
（&& ）1. Have you ______ heard of
Disneyland?
A. always&&&B.
never&& D. sometimes
（&& ）2. I have ________ finished
my homework. So I can have a rest now.
ever&&& B.
already&&&&
never&&&&&&
（&& ）3. She is a good student,
she& has& _______ been late for
already&&&&
never&&&&&&
（&& ）4. I am very hungry , I
haven’t had my breakfast________.
B. already&&& C.
never&&&&&
完成时可用于表示某时间段里完成的动作，常与today, these days, recently等时间状语连用。如：
Have you seen her these days? 译： _________________________
Have you been to the library today? 译：______________________
Have you read the book recently?&
译：_______________________
3.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，可能延续到将来的动作和状态。
常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。如：
a.&for + 一段时间：for two hours
b.&since + 时间点：since 1999, since last year
c.&since + 一段时间+ ago: since two days ago
d.&since + 从句（用过去时）
e.&up to now, till now, until now, so far
f.&in the past two years, in the last few
g.&recently, lately
如： Miss Zhao has taught math for five years.
His mother has worked in the shop since 1990.
The Greens have lived in London since three years ago.
[注]：其中在a,b,c,d 这四种结构中，谓语动词必须为延续性动词。
如： I have had this book for one and a half years.
(这本书我已买了一年半了！)
用since 或者for 填空
1. I have studied English _______ 5 years.
2. I have studied English _______ 5 years ago.
3. I have studied English _______ 2008.
4. She has taught math _________ 3 years.
5. She has taught math _________ 3 years ago.
6. She has taught math _________ 2010.
短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用。
英语中的短暂性动词，也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词，只表示一时的动作，在肯定句式中不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go,
come, leave, find, buy, arrive, give, stop, join, marry, die,
begin, start, borrow, close, open, lend等。
eg. I have bought this book for three months. (&)
非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法：
（1）将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。
&leave- have (has) been away
close- be closed
&join- have (has) been
(in)&&&&&&begin/start-
&buy- have (has)
had&&&&&&&go-
&die- have (has)
dead&&&&&&&finish-
&come (arrive)- have (has) been
&borrow- have (has) kept
&begin to work- have (has) worked
&open- have (has) been open
&get up- have (has) been up
&put on & have (has) on
&come back- have (has) been back
&gone (left)- been away
&joined & been
&got to know & known
（2）时间状语的变化：把表时间的状语“for…”变为“数词+
时间名词+ago”的短语形式。（即：将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时）
如： 他参军五年了。（判断正误）
He has joined the Army for five years.
He has been in the Army for five years.
He joined the Army five years ago.&
他离开济南三年了。
He has left Ji’nan for three years.
He has been away from Ji’nan for three years.
He left Ji’nan three years ago.
(3) 句子模式的变化。用句型“It is + 一段时间+
since从句”（从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式表示）如：
The old man died two years ago.
= The old man has been dead for two years.
= It is two years since the old man died.
句型转换。
1. I have borrowed a new book from the school library.
& I& _________&
_________ a new book from the school library for two days.
2. She has gone there.
& She& _________ ________ there
_________ yesterday.
3. The film has begun.
& The film& __________
___________ ___________ __________ five minutes.
4. The boy has come back.
& The boy& _________ ___________
_________ for an hour.
5. The man in a hat has left.
& The man in a hat _________ _________ __________
_________ half an hour ago.
6. He has already died.
& He ____________ ____________ ____________ for
twenty years.
7. The young man has joined the League.
& The young man& ________
________ __________ member _______ two years.
& The young man& _____ ________
_______ _______ League ______ two years ago.
have been to/ have gone to/ have been in 三种结构的区别
（1）have been to 去过某地(现已离开)，可以与ever, never, once, twice等连用。
（2）has gone to
去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的路上或已在某地，总之现在还未回来。此句型一般用于第三人称。
（3） have been in 表示已在某地呆了多久，若该地为小地方则用at。
&你以前去过北京吗？___________________________
&吉姆已经去了伦敦。___________________________
格林一家在中国已经两年了。_____________________
)1. I have ________ Beijing three times.
D.& been at
)2.---Where is Mike?
-----He has _______ London .
D.& been at
)3. Tony has never _______& China. He looks
forward to coming to China
D.& been at
)4.Lucy has ________ China for 5 years.
B. gone& to& C.&
been in&&&
D.& been at
)5.The teacher has ________ the village& to teach
the poor students for 10 years.
gone& to&&
D.& been at
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。如：
&Yesterday I went to the zoo.
(仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关)
&Li Lei has read the book. (说明李磊了解那本书的内容)
（2）连用的时间状语不同：一般过去时常与ago, yesterday, last…, in 2000, just
now等连用。而现在完成时与already, yet, still, just, so far, in the last/
past…, before, ever, never, since…, for…等时间状语连用。
[注] 现在完成时不可与yesterday, last week, two days
ago等过去时间状语连用。
一、必背词组：（中英互译）
1. keep in touch
with…&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
2. educational visits to…
3. accept sb.
as..&&&&&&&&
4. be patient
confident&&&&&
6．the aim of our trip&
7. improve the
situation&&&&
8. a valuable experience
9. win a scholarship&
二、完成句子：
A．用括号里词的正确形式填空：
1. We should show ________(deep) love for our motherland.
2. I plan to write an ________ (education)article this
3. Everyone is interested in Einstein’s _______.(think)
4. I tried hard to _________(improvement) our English study.
5. My grandma was ________ （move）by watching ZhaoBenshan’s
_________ show.
6. Our English corner was _________(arrange) by our English
7.______________ (communicate) was quite difficult at first when I
was in the USA.
四、.选择填空：
(&& )1. This TV set is too dear,
__________ it gives you a better picture.
(&& )2. My father got up ______
he wouldn’t be late for the meeting.
A. such early that& &B. early
enough& C. early so that D. early in order
(&& )3. It was ______ we went
fishing in the open air yesterday.
A. such a nice weather that&& B.
such nice weather that&
C. so nice weather that D. a nice weather so that
(&& )4. This question was ______
difficult ______ nobody in our class could answer it.
that&& &C.
(&& )5. He runs as fast as
possible______ he ______ the first bus.
A. could catch B. could miss C.
misses D. would
(&& )6. --&What
a _______ movie it is !& -- Yes, and we are all
moved ________.
A. moving, deeply& B. moved,
deep&& C. moving,
deep&& D. move, deep
(&& )7. I make _______ with many
students from other country.
A. friends&& B.
friend&& C. a
friend&& D. friendly
(&& )8. John has many foreign
friends. He_____& them by email.
A. keeps in touch with& B. take
action& C. pays attention to& D
.looks after
(&& )9.—How do you like the film,
--It is_____ film that I have seen it several times.
A. a so interesting& B. a such interesting C. such
a interesting D. so interesting a
(&& )10. There is _______
cigarette smoke in the cinema _____ I can hardly breathe.
A. so much, that& B.
that& C. such many,
一、单项选择。
（&& ）1. Miss Gao isn’t here. She
________ to the bus station to meet Mr. Brown.
A. go&& B. has
gone& C. has been &D. would
（&& ）2. & How clean the bedroom
- Yes, I am sure that someone _______it.
A. cleans&B. cleaned&C. has
cleaned&&D. had cleaned
（&& ）3. Drison Break is the best
American TV player that I _____ these years.
A. watch&B. will watch&C. have
watched&&D.was watching
（&& ）4. I’m not hungry because I
______ lunch already.
A. have&&B.
had&&C. am
having&D. have had
（&& ）5. & How long have Mr and
Mrs Smith________?
- For more than twenty years.
A. married& B. had
married&&C. got
married&D. been married
（&& ）6. In the past few years
there ______ great changes in my hometown.
A. have been&&B. were
&C. had been&D. are
（&& ）7. — ________ you ______ the
film Harry Potter Ⅱ?
— Not yet. I’ll see it this Sunday.
A. Did, see&B. A seeing &C.
Have, seen&D. Do, see
（&& ）8. The Smiths moved to China
ten years ago and ______ here since then.
A. has lived&B. was living&C.
live&&D. have lived
（&& ）9. & Will you watch the
World Cup match this year?
- No, but I ________ several World Cup matches since I was a small
A. had seen&&B.
see&&C. was
seeing&D. have seen
（&& ）10. I won’t return the book
to the library because I ______ reading it.
A. wasn’t finish&& B. don’t
C. won’t finish&&D. haven’t
（&& ）11. & How
many& times _______ you ______ the Great
- Only once. I _______& there three years
A. did, go to, have
gone&&&B. had,
gone to, went
C. have, been to,
went&&&D. have,
been to, have gone
（&& ）12. - _______ you ______ the
magazine from the school library yet?
- Yes, I ______ it for two weeks.
A. Have, borrowed, have kept& B. Have, borrowed,
have borrowed
C. Did, borrowed, borrowed&D. Did, borrow, have
（&& ）13. Premier Zhou (周总理)
______ for many years, but he still lives in the hearts of Chinese
A. died& B. had died& C. has been
died&&& D. has
（&& ）14. Her mother _______ in
the factory. She _____ there since it opened.
A. is working,
worked&&&B.
works, worked
C. works, has
worked&&&&D.
worked, has worked
（&& ）15. & Hi! Jim! Nice to meet
- Hi, it’s one year since I last ______ you.
A. saw&&B.
seeing&D. have seen
（&& ）16. He _____ from the
factory for a week.
A. has left&B. has been
away&&C. did
leave&&D. will leave
（&& ）17. I _______ a letter from
him since he left.
A. haven’t left&B. didn’t
receive&&C. didn’t
have&D. haven’t feel
（&& ）18. & Oh, Mrs King, your
coat looks nice. Is it new?
- No, I ________ it for two years.
A. had&B. have
bought&D. have bought
八年级上册同步练习
第一部分：单词+词组默写复习
有关教育的
adj.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
n.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
n.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
n.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
adj.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
adj.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
adj.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
n.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
10.& 工作日
n.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
11.& 在...旅游
v.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
12.& 极好的
adj.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
n.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
adv.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
15.& 使...初次了解
v.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
n.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
adv.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
v.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
起初&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
到目前为止&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
小量&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
使...初次了解&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
从...到....&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
educate v.教育
Educate-educated-educated-educating
Educate(v.)-education(n.)-educational(adj.)
他已经做教育三年了.
educated for three years.
这本书具有教育意义.
This book is
educational.
他正在教育小孩子.
我们都需要好的教育.
百乐思是一个教育机构.(educational organization)
2.experience
v./n.经历体验;经验
Experience-experienced-experienced-experiencing
(2)& Experience v.—experience
n.(不可数名词)
我们已经经历了工作三年了。
experienced work for three years。
我们已经工作三年，并且拥有丰富的经验。
worked for three years and own rich experience。
我已经体验跳舞三个月。
我有很大学习经验。
现在完成时
例子:我已经学习英语一个月.
already learnt Enlish for one month.
我已经很久没有学习英语.
我们已经完成作业了.
4.yet 仍未;尚未
现在完成时
例子:我还没有完成作业
I have not
finished my homework yet.
我还没有完成任务.(task任务)
我还没有去美国.(go to America)
5.introduce
Introduce-introduced-introduced-introducing
Introduce(v)—introduction(n)
请允许我自我介绍一下.
Please allow
me to introduce myself.
请看介绍说明,它介绍了怎么使用药物.(how to use drugs)
他正在介绍他自己.
Respect-respected-respected-respecting
Respect(v)—respect(n)—respective(adj)
请尊重老人.
respect the old.
他很尊敬老师.
He respects
teachers so much.
她很尊重他妈妈.
请尊重其他人.
success(n)—succeed(v)—successful(adj)
他成功了.He
&&&&&&&&&&&.
他是成功的.He
is&&&&&&&&&&&
他获取很大的成功.He
of&&&&&&&&&&&&&
at first 起初.
起初我并不喜欢你.
I don,t love
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
起初我并我知道这个秘密.
don,t know this secret.
到目前为止
我已经见过很多动物了,到目前为止.
I have seen
animals&&&&&&
我已经看了三本书到目前为止.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&three
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.
3.a bit of
接不可数名词
接可数的:a
4.introduce...to...使...初次了解
Introduce A
to B 把A介绍给B
你可以介绍你的同学给我吗?
&&&&&&&&your
classmate&&&&&&
over(to)从...到...
你什么时候来中国的?
When did you
come over to China?
我从美国到中国来.
I was from
America and
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&China.
作业:1.本单元单词默写(下节课默写)
2.复习本单元短语
3.复习本单元语法
到目前为止我还没有完成作业.(so far)
起初,我不喜欢学习.(at first)
我还没有吃早餐.(not& yet)
已投稿到：
以上网友发言只代表其个人观点，不代表新浪网的观点或立场。新目标英语八年级(上)5、6单元重点词句解析--《初中生学习(初二)》2009年09期
新目标英语八年级(上)5、6单元重点词句解析
【摘要】：正一、重点词语辨析1.another,other another pron.另一个,指3个或3个以上中的另一个。例如:I don’t like this skirt.Please show me another.我不喜欢这条裙子。请再给我看一件。other adj.别的,其他的。例如:
【关键词】：
【分类号】：G634.41【正文快照】：
一、重点词语辨析1.another,otheranother pron.另一个,指3个或3个以上中的另一个。例如:I don’t like this skirt.Please showme another.我不喜欢这条裙子。请再给我看一件。other adj.别的,其他的。例如:We study Chinese,math,English and other subjectsat school.我们
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