Daily catch-up: what the by-elections mean, and what if you set the controls for the heart of the Sun? - Comment - Voices - The Independent
Daily catch-up: what the by-elections mean, and what if you set the controls for the heart of the Sun?
Our blend of serious political analysis and trivia (which is an invented plural of trivium)
1. The lesson of the last five years is: the force of anti-politics is strong. UKIP won the Clacton by-election by a record-breaking margin and came closer than expected in Heywood and Middleton.
In Heywood and Middleton, north of Manchester and normally a safe Labour seat, Ukip came within 2.2 percentage points of winning. Labour's Liz McInnes on 40.9 per cent just held on against 38.7 per cent for UKIP.A
11 days ago put Labour 19 points ahead, on 50 per cent to 31 per cent. 2. One of the implications of this is that the Conservatives have no chance of holding on to Rochester and Strood, where Mark Reckless will fight another by-election to gain a second elected MP for UKIP. This is despite the opinion of one of Reckless's constituents, so wonderfully expressed to
the other day:&The man's a flouty poundvessel. He should be hodded into solulence. He's a guttering snodgripe.&3. The implications for the general election, on the other hand, are muted. Anti-politics sentiment is strong, but it is directed against Labour as well as Conservatives, and it is the net effect on the competition between those two parties that will determine the outcome of the election. UKIP may do well in the general election, but it is unlikely to gain additional support from the Tories, compared with its level of national support in current opinion polls, 15 per cent. Meanwhile, there is another form of anti-politics that has been too little commented on, namely the Green Party, now running at 5 per cent in the opinion polls and taking some voters who might otherwise go to Labour. 4. My book of lists, , was published yesterday, and BBC Daily Politics put together a lovely video compilation of my . (Richard Madeley and I discussed it with Jo Coburn afterwards.) The book is number one bestseller today in Amazon's category of trivia, which, , is a modern Latin plural of trivium, a place where three roads meet.
5. What would happen if you spent a nanosecond on the Sun? Brilliant
(Right.) Also good to read, for very different reasons: How Not to be a Boy, by , of Mitchell &, in the New Statesman.
6. And finally, thanks to
for this:&Sick of cliques? Join the club.&
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3秒自动关闭窗口What the Midterm Elections Mean for Academe - Government - The Chronicle of Higher Education
Decision 2014: The Higher-Ed Outlook
Samuel Corum, Anadolu Agency, Getty Images
By Paul Basken, Kelly Field, and Brock Read
The broad story of this year's elections was the Republican wave that tipped control of the Senate. What does it all mean for academe? Here's what you need to know about the results.
Lamar Alexander gets his shot.
With Republicans taking over the Senate, leadership of the all-important education committee will transfer to the lawmaker who already has terms as U.S. secretary of education and as the University of Tennessee's president on his CV. His main higher-education goal: "to deregulate it."
As the man charged with driving the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act, he's certainly got cards to play. What should we expect out of Senator Alexander? Staunch opposition to President Obama's accountability agenda, an attempt to shift accreditors' focus away from regulatory compliance, and a push to streamline student aid&including, possibly, a simplified federal student-aid form. Here's Kelly Field's profile of the Tennessee Republican, the new committee chair.&B.R.
The senator "understands the burden of federal regulation," a college lobbyist says, "because he was a college president." But not everyone's a fan of his agenda.
Mr. Brat goes to Washington.
When it emerged that two professors at Randolph-Macon College would square off in the race for Virginia's Seventh District,
("I hope the loser at least gets tenure" seemed like the pick of the bunch.)
The race itself was never terribly close. The Seventh is a conservative stronghold, so David A. Brat, an economics professor with Tea Party backing, coasted to a comfortable win over Jack Trammell, a Democrat who is both an associate professor of sociology and director of disabilities support services. But at Randolph-Macon&a college with an enrollment of about 1,300 and an average class size of 16&the campaign was singular and enthralling. Becky Koenig spent Election Day on the campus. Here's her report.
Randolph-Macon College couldn&t have expected to have two of its own vying for Virginia&s Seventh District. But the institution has tried to make the most of its good fortune.
Meanwhile, a couple of other academic upstarts took expected losses: Tom Poetter, a professor of education at Miami University, in Ohio, couldn't unseat the Republican&John Boehner, House speaker, in Ohio's Eighth District. And Paul Clements, a professor of political science at Western Michigan University, was defeated by Fred Upton, the Republican incumbent in Michigan's Sixth District. Mr. Clements, at least, has a couple of very solid
to fall back on.
In Nebraska another Tea Party favorite, Benjamin E. Sasse, waltzed to victory in the race to fill the Senate seat vacated by the retiring Sen. Mike Johanns. When he
last year, Mr. Sasse was serving as president of Midland University. After he won the Republican primary, though,
Mr. Sasse is credited with pulling Midland one presumes the Senate will pose a stiffer challenge.&B.R.
Two budget-cutters escape the ax.
On Tuesday The Chronicle's Eric Kelderman looked at the 36 gubernatorial races and homed in on three first-term Republicans who had taken heat for scything higher-ed spending. Two of them made it out of Tuesday's elections alive. In Florida, Gov. Rick Scott scored a minor upset, squeaking out a victory over Charlie Crist, his Republican predecessor turned Democratic challenger. In Wisconsin, Gov. Scott Walker&castigated not just for budget cuts but also for stripping collective-bargaining rights from faculty members and other state workers&defeated Mary Burke, a Democrat.
Gov. Tom Corbett of Pennsylvania wasn't so lucky: As expected, he lost to his Democratic opponent, Tom Wolf, by a convincing margin. But it's hard to escape the conclusion that this year, at least, taking a hard line on college and university budgets didn't bring electoral repercussions. Here's Eric's look at the backstories in all three races.&B.R.
Three first-term Republicans who made big cuts in public-college spending now find themselves in peril.
Researchers keep their heads up.
Given the GOP&s heavy emphasis on cutting budgets, you'd think the ascent of Republicans into key committee posts would cause panic among advocates of research spending. Not so. The three Republicans slotted to lead the Senate's appropriations and science committees all have records of supporting the main federal science agencies:
Sen. Richard C. Shelby of Alabama, the top Republican on the appropriations committee, has repeatedly endorsed budget increases for the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Sen. Jerry Moran of Kansas, on the appropriations subcommittee responsible for the National Institutes of Health, is such a strong backer of the agency that he has at times pushed to give it even more money than did the panel's Democratic chairman, Sen. Tom Harkin of Iowa, who is retiring.
Sen. John Thune of South Dakota, on the science committee, has called for bipartisan compromise in the face of House Republicans' efforts to limit the NSF&s freedom to set scientific priorities.
That said, the new chairmen may have limited room to maneuver. In recent years, even Senators Shelby and Moran&after publicly demanding more money for the NSF and the NIH&have ended up following their party&s lead.
"While their words have been very supportive," says Jennifer L. Zeitzer, director of legislative relations at the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, "their actions have been somewhat to the contrary."&P.B.
Goodbye and hello.
Through a combination of looming retirements and electoral defeats, Congress's education committees are losing a lot of expertise on higher-education policy&and students and colleges are losing some of their strongest advocates. Here are a couple of the biggest names who are leaving:
Rep. George Miller&of California, the top Democrat on the House education committee and its former chair, is retiring. Mr. Miller has been a longtime champion of working-class and poor students. Among his recent successes: securing mandatory funds for Pell Grants and introducing the legislation that created income-based repayment for student-loan borrowers.
Sen. Tom Harkin&of Iowa, chair of the Senate's education committee and an appropriations subcommittee on education, also declined to run again. During his four decades in Congress, Mr. Harkin fought for increased funding for student aid and led a bruising investigation into for-profit colleges.
And here are the lawmakers who will be trying to fill those shoes:
Rep. Bobby Scott&of Virginia, an 11-term congressman best known for his support of minority-serving institutions and college-prep programs, is poised to take Mr. Miller&s seat as the top Democrat on the House education committee.
Sen. Patty Murray&of Washington is the presumptive top Democrat on the Senate education committee, and she&s a candidate to replace Senator Harkin as chair of the appropriations subcommittee on education.
Want to know who else came and went? &K.F.
No change in North Dakota.
The state's university system might have its share of internal struggles, but voters didn't think reconfiguring the State Board of Higher Education was the solution: They resoundingly rejected a ballot measure that would have dissolved the volunteer board and replaced it with a commission of three full-timers. Max Lewontin has more on the measure here.&B.R.
The North Dakota measure highlights a slate of ballot initiatives nationwide that ask voters to weigh in on academic policy.
Correction (11/5/ a.m.): Tom Poetter is a professor at Miami University, in Ohio, not at the University of Miami, as originally reported. The article has been updated to reflect this change.
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Get the insight you need for success in academe.Doctrine of the Mean
天命之謂性。率性之謂道。修道之謂教。
道也者、不可須臾離也、可離非道也。是故君子戒愼乎其所不睹、恐懼乎其所不聞。
莫見乎隱、莫顯乎微。故君子愼其獨也。
喜、怒、哀、樂之未發、謂之中。發而皆中節、謂之和。中也者、天下之大本也。和也者、天下之達道也。致中和、天地位焉、萬物育焉。
仲尼曰、「君子中庸。小人反中庸。」
「君子之中庸也、君子而時中。小人之中庸也、小人而無忌憚也。」
子曰。「中庸其至矣乎。民鮮能久矣。」
子曰。「道之不行也、我知之矣。知者過之、愚者不及也。道之不明也、我知之矣。賢者過之、不肖者不及也。人莫不飮食也、鮮能知味也。」
子曰。「道其不行矣夫。」
子曰。「舜其大知也與。舜好問而好察邇言。隱惡而揚善、執其兩端、用其中於民、其斯以爲舜乎。」
子曰。「人皆曰、予知、驅而納諸罟擭陷阱之中、而莫之知辟也。人皆曰、予知、擇乎中庸、而不能期月守也。」
子曰。「囘之爲人也、擇乎中庸、得一善、則拳拳服膺而弗失之矣。」
子曰。「天下國家可均也、爵祿可辭也、白刃可蹈也、中庸不可能也。」
子路問強。子曰。「南方之強與。北方之強與。抑而強與。寬柔以教、不報無道、南方之強也、君子居之。衽金革、死而不厭、北方之強也、而強者居之。故君子和而不流、強哉矯。中立而不倚、強哉矯。國有道、不變塞焉、強哉矯。國無道、至死不變、強哉矯。」
子曰。「素隱行怪、後世有述焉、吾弗爲之矣。君子遵道而行、半涂而廢、吾弗能已矣。君子依乎中庸、遁世不見知而不悔、唯聖者能之。君子之道費而隱。夫婦之愚、可以與知焉、及其至也、雖聖人亦有所不知焉。夫婦之不肖、可以能行焉、及其至也、雖聖人亦有所不能焉。天地之大也、人猶有所憾、故君子語大、天下莫能載焉。語小、天下莫能破焉。『詩』云。‘鳶飛戻天、魚躍于淵。’言其上下察也。君子之道、造端乎夫婦、及其至也、察乎天地。」
子曰。「道不遠人。人之爲道而遠人、不可以爲道。『詩』云。‘伐柯伐柯、其則不遠。’ 執柯以伐柯、睨而視之、猶以爲遠。故君子以人治人、改而止。忠恕違道不遠、施諸己而不愿、亦勿施於人。君子之道四、丘未能一焉。所求乎子以事父、未能也。所求乎臣以事君、未能也。所求乎弟以事兄、未能也。所求乎朋友先施之、未能也。庸德之行、庸言之謹、有所不足、不敢不勉、有餘不敢盡。言顧行、行顧言、君子胡不慥慥爾。」
君子素其位而行、不愿乎其外。素富貴、行乎富貴。素貧賤、行乎貧賤。素夷狄、行乎夷狄。素患難、行乎患難。君子無入而不自得焉。在上位不陵下、在下位不援上、正己而不求於人、則無怨。上不怨天、下不尤人。故君子居易以俟命、小人行險以徼幸。
子曰。「射有似乎君子、失諸正鵠、反求諸其身。君子之道、辟如行遠必自邇、辟如登高必自卑。『詩』曰。「妻子好合、如鼓瑟琴。兄弟旣翕、和樂且耽。宜爾室家、樂爾妻帑。」」
子曰。「父母其順矣乎。」
子曰。「鬼神之爲德、其盛矣乎。視之而弗見、聽之而弗聞、體物而不可遺。使天下之人齊明盛服、以承祭祀、洋洋乎如在其上、如在其左右。『詩』曰。‘神之格思、不可度思。矧可射思。’夫微之顯、誠之不可掩如此夫。」
子曰。「舜其大孝也與。德爲聖人、尊爲天子、富有四海之內。宗廟饗之、子孫保之。故大德必得其位、必得其祿、必得其名、必得其壽。故天之生物、必因其材而篤焉。故栽者培之、傾者覆之。『詩』曰。「嘉樂君子、憲憲令德。宜民宜人、受祿于天。保佑命之、自天申之。」故大德者必受命。」
子曰。「無憂者其惟文王乎。以王季爲父、以武王爲子、父作之、子述之。武王纘大王、王季、文王之緖、壹戎衣而有天下、身不失天下之顯名。尊爲天子、富有四海之內。宗廟饗之、子孫保之。武王末受命、周公成文、武之德、追王大王、王季、上祀先公以天子之禮。斯禮也、達乎諸侯、大夫及士、庶人。父爲大夫、子爲士、葬以大夫、祭以士。父爲士、子爲大夫、葬以士、祭以大夫。期之喪、達乎大夫。三年之喪、達乎天子。父母之喪、無貴賤、一也。」
子曰。「武王、周公、其達孝矣乎。夫孝者。善繼人之志、善述人之事者也。春、秋修其祖廟、陳其宗器、設其裳衣、薦其時食。宗廟之禮、所以序昭穆也。序爵、所以辨貴賤也。序事、所以辨賢也。旅酬下爲上、所以逮賤也。燕毛、所以序齒也。踐其位、行其禮、奏其樂、敬其所尊、愛其所親、事死如事生、事亡如事存、孝之至也。郊社之禮、所以事上帝也。宗廟之禮、所以祀乎其先也。明乎郊社之禮、禘嘗之義、治國其如示諸掌乎。」
哀公問政。子曰。「文、武之政、布在方策、其人存、則其政擧。其人亡、則其政息。人道敏政、地道敏樹。夫政也者、蒲盧也。故爲政在人、取人以身、修身以道、修道以仁。仁者人也、親親爲大。義者宜也、尊賢爲大。親親之殺、尊賢之等、禮所生也。在下位不獲乎上、民不可得而治矣。笔君子不可以不修身。思修身、不可以不事親。思事親、不可以不知人。思知人、不可以不知天。天下之達道五、所以行之者三、曰。君臣也、父子也、夫婦也、昆弟也、朋友之交也、五者天下之達道也。知仁勇三者、天下之達德也、所以行之者一也。或生而知之、或學而知之、或困而知之、及其知之、一也。或安而行之、或利而行之、或勉強而行之、及其成功、一也。」
子曰。「好學近乎知、力行近乎仁、知恥近乎勇。知斯三者、則知所以修身。知所以修身、則知所以治人。知所以治人、則知所以治天下國家矣。凡爲天下國家有九經、曰。修身也、尊賢也、親親也、敬大臣也、體群臣也、子庶民也、來百工也、柔遠人也、懷諸侯也。修身則道立、尊賢則不惑、親親則諸父昆弟不怨、敬大臣則不眩、體群臣則士之報禮重、子庶民則百姓勸、來百工則財用足、柔遠人則四方歸之、懷諸侯則天下畏之。齊明盛服、非禮不動、所以修身也。去讒遠色、賤貨而貴德、所以勸賢也。尊其位、重其祿、同其好惡、所以勸親親也。官盛任使、所以勸大臣也。忠信重祿、所以勸士也。時使薄斂、所以勸百姓也。日省月試、旣廩稱事、所以勸百工也。送往迎來、嘉善而矜不能、所以柔遠人也。繼絕世、擧廢國、治亂持危、朝聘以時、厚往而薄來、所以懷諸侯也。凡爲天下國家有九經、所以行之者一也。」
“凡事豫則立、不豫則廢。言前定則不跲、事前定則不困、行前定則不疚、道前定則不窮。在下位不獲乎上、民不可得而治矣。獲乎上有道。不信乎朋友、不獲乎上矣。信乎朋友有道。不順乎親、不信乎朋友矣。順乎親有道。反諸身不誠、不順乎親矣。誠身有道。不明乎善、不誠乎身矣。誠者、天之道也。誠之者、人之道也。誠者不勉而中、不思而得、從容中道、聖人也。誠之者、擇善而固執之者也。博學之、審問之、愼思之、明辨之、篤行之。有弗學、學之弗能、弗措也。有弗問、問之弗知、弗措也。有弗思、思之弗得、弗措也。有弗辨、辨之弗明、弗措也、有弗行、行之弗篤、弗措也。人一能之己百之、人十能之己千之。果能此道矣、雖愚必明、雖柔必強。”
自誠明、謂之性。自明誠、謂之教。誠則明矣、明則誠矣。唯天下至誠、爲能盡其性。能盡其性、則能盡人之性。能盡人之性、則能盡物之性。能盡物之性、則可以贊天地之化育。可以贊天地之化育、則可以與天地參矣。其次致曲。曲能有誠、誠則形、形則著、著則明、明則動、動則變、變則化。唯天下至誠爲能化。至誠之道、可以前知。國家將興、必有禎祥。國家將亡、必有妖孽。見乎蓍龜、動乎四體。禍福將至。善、必先知之。不善、必先知之。故至誠如神。
誠者自成也、而道自道也。誠者物之終始、不誠無物。是故君子誠之爲貴。誠者非自成己而已也、所以成物也。成己、仁也。成物、知也。性之德也、合外內之道也、故時措之宜也。故至誠無息。不息則久、久則徵、徵則悠遠、悠遠則博厚、博厚則高明。博厚、所以載物也。高明、所以覆物也。悠久、所以成物也。博厚配地、高明配天、悠久無疆。如此者、不見而章、不動而變、無爲而成。
天地之道、可壹言而盡也。其爲物不貳、則其生物不測。天地之道、博也厚也、高也明也、悠也久也。今夫天、斯昭昭之多、及其無窮也、日月星辰系焉、萬物覆焉。今夫地、一撮土之多、及其廣厚、載華岳而不重、振河海而不泄、萬物載焉。今夫山、一拳石之多、及其廣大、草木生之、禽獸居之、寶藏興焉。今夫水、一勺之多、及其不測、黿鼉、蛟龍、魚鱉生焉、貨財殖焉。『詩』云。「維天之命、於穆不已。」 蓋曰天之所以爲天也。“於乎不顯。文王之德之純。”蓋曰文王之所以爲文也、純亦不已。
大哉、聖人之道。洋洋乎發育萬物、峻極于天。優優大哉。禮儀三百、威儀三千、待其人然後行。故曰。茍不至德、至道不凝焉。故君子尊德性而道問學、致廣大而盡精微、極高明而中庸。溫故而知新、敦厚以崇禮。是故居上不驕、爲下不倍。國有道、其言足以興、國無道、其默足以容。『詩』曰。「旣明且哲、以保其身。」其此之謂與。
子曰。「愚而好自用、賤而好自專、生乎今之世、反古之道。如此者、災及其身者也。」非天子、不議禮、不制度、不考文。今天下車同軌、書同文、行同倫。雖有其位、茍無其德、不敢作禮樂焉。雖有其德、茍無其位、亦不敢作禮樂焉。
子曰。「吾說夏禮、杞不足徵也。吾學殷禮、有宋存焉。吾學周禮、今用之、吾從周。」王天下有三重焉、其寡過矣乎。上焉者雖善無徵、無徵不信、不信民弗從。下焉者雖善不尊、不尊不信、不信民弗從。故君子之道本諸身、徵諸庶民、考諸三王而不繆、建諸天地而不悖、質諸鬼神而無疑、百世以俟聖人而不惑。質諸鬼神而無疑、知天也。百世以俟聖人而不惑、知人也。是故君子動而世爲天下道、行而世爲天下法、言而世爲天下則。遠之則有望、近之則不厭。『詩』曰。「在彼無惡、在此無射。庶幾夙夜、以永終譽。」君子未有不如此而蚤有譽於天下者也。
仲尼祖述堯、舜、憲章文、武。上律天時、下襲水土。辟如天地之無不持載、無不覆幬、辟如四時之錯行、如日月之代明。萬物幷育而不相害、道幷行而不相悖、小德川流、大德敦化、此天地之所以爲大也。
唯天下至聖、爲能聰明睿知、足以有臨也。寬裕溫柔、足以有容也。發強剛毅、足以有執也。齊莊中正、足以有敬也。文理密察、足以有別也。溥博淵泉、而時出之。溥博如天、淵泉如淵。見而民莫不敬、言而民莫不信、行而民莫不說。是以聲名洋溢乎中國、施及蠻貊。舟車所至、人力所通、天之所覆、地之所載、日月所照、霜露所隊。凡有血氣者、莫不尊親、故曰配天。
唯天下至誠、爲能經綸天下之大經、立天下之大本、知天地之化育。夫焉有所倚？肫肫其仁。淵淵其淵。浩浩其天。茍不固聰明聖知達天德者、其孰能知之。
『詩』曰。「衣錦尚絅」、惡其文之著也。故君子之道、闇然而日章。小人之道、的然而日亡。君子之道。淡而不厭、簡而文、溫而理、知遠之近、知風之自、知微之顯、可與入德矣。
『詩』云。「潛雖伏矣、亦孔之昭。」故君子內省不疚、無惡於志。君子所不可及者、其唯人之所不見乎。
『詩』云。「相在爾室、尚不愧于屋漏。」故君子不動而敬、不言而信。
『詩』曰。「奏假無言、時靡有爭。」 是故君子不賞而民勸、不怒而民威於鈇鉞。
『詩』曰。「不顯惟德。百辟其刑之。」是故君子篤恭而天下平。
『詩』曰。「予懷明德、不大聲以色。」 子曰。「聲色之於以化民、末也。」『詩』曰。「德輶如毛」、毛猶有倫。「上天之載、無聲無臭」、至矣。
1. Confucius.
2. There is a pun here, since “humanity” is also pronounced ren. Thus, in Chinese, this phrase says “ren 仁 is ren.”
3. Used in Yijing divination.
4. An ancient method of divination where tortoise shells were heated over a fire until they cracked. The cracks were read according to their patterns to diagnose a situation.
5. At this point in the text, one would expect a clear enumeration of three essential points. But following this are only a set of two, followed by a set of four. James Legge and Wing-tsit Chan, following Zhuxi, say that these three essentials should be the ceremonies, regulations and formation of ideographs mentioned in the prior passage. This judgment may be questioned, since in Confucian texts, errors in rulership are generally shortcomings in the personal character or errors in judgment on moral issues. Since these are three essentials of rulership, we might look to the end of section 20 above, which says: “Loving study, loving energetic practice, you approach ren. Understanding shame, you approach courage. If you understand these three, you know how to p knowing how to polish your character, you know
knowing how to handle others, you know how to govern a state or clan.”
6. This is another passage which seems to be deficient in the necessary contextual background for solid interpretation. But again, I must differ with Zhuxi's interpretation which reads shang 上 as “former times” and its antonym xia 下 as “low position.” Since shang and xia are so clearly contrasted here in consecutive sentences, it seems much more sensible and natural to read them as antonyms. Furthermore, though to read shang as “formerly” or “antiquity” may be possible in Classical Chinese, we rarely see it used in that way in the Analects, Great Learning or Doctrine of the Mean. The two terms almost always mean “superior” or “above” and “inferior” or “below,” usually in terms of societal rank, or level of personal enlightenment.