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建议你去买一本&钻研新概念英语&,航空工业出版社,主编是潘章仙.里面对句子结构,语法现象,生词,都有逐词逐句的解释,看了之后你一定会感觉有用的.这书不难找,在大专院校附近的书店,应该都有.希望对你有用,期待你的好消息.
新概念第一册1-2课文详解及英语语法
课文详注 Further notes on the text 1．Excuse me 对不起。 这是常用于表示道歉的客套话，相当于汉语中的“劳驾”、“对不起”。当我们要引起别人的注意、要打搅别人或打断别人的话时，通常都可使用这一表达方式。在课文中，男士为了吸引女士的注意而使用了这句客套话。它也可用在下列场合：向陌生人问路，借用他人的电话，从别人身边挤过，在宴席或会议中途要离开一会儿等等。 2．Yes？什么事？ 课文中的 Yes？应用升调朗读，意为：“什么事？”Yes？以升调表示某种不肯定或询问之意，也含有请对方说下去的意思。 3．Pardon？对不起，请再说一遍。 当我们没听清或没理解对方的话并希望对方能重复一遍时，就可以使用这一表达方式。较为正式的说法是： I beg your pardon.
I beg your pardon?
Pardon me. 它们在汉语中的意思相当于“对不起，请再说一遍”或者“对不起，请再说一遍好吗？” 4．Thank you very much．非常感谢！ 这是一句表示感谢的用语，意为“非常感谢（你）”。请看下列类似的表达式，并注意其语气上的差异： Thank you.
谢谢（你）。
谢谢！ 5．数字1～10的英文写法 1—one
5—five 6—six
10—ten语法 Grammar in use
一般疑问句 一般疑问句根据其结构又分为若干种。通过主谓倒装可将带有be的陈述句变为一般疑问句。即将be的适当形式移到主语之前，如： 陈述句：This is your watch.
这是你的手表。 疑问句：Is this your watch?
这是你的手表吗？ （可参见 Lessons 15～16语法部分有关 be的一般现在时形式的说明。）词汇学习
Word study
上衣，外套：
Is this your coat?
这是你的外套吗？ coat and skirt&英&（上衣、裙子匹配的）西式女套装 2．dress
n. （1）连衣裙；套裙：
Is this your dress?
这是你的连衣裙吗？ （2）服装；衣服：
casual dress 便服； evening dress
并列句我们可以将几个简单句连在一起,组成并列句,常用以下连词: and, but, so, yet, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but …as well, not only…but also 主谓一致: u 当主语由and , both…and 连接时,通常用复数谓语. Both the girls and the boy are his friends. u 当主语由neither… nor, either…or, not only…but also或or 连接时,谓语动词与 nor, or, but also后面的一致,在英语语法中，这被称为就近一致. Neither he nor I am going to the airport. Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad. 2.
一般现在时的复习,状态动词,标点符号的使用. 以下一些动词很少用与进行时态: appear(看起来), appreciate(鉴赏), believe(相信), feel(感觉到), forget(忘记), hear(听见), know(知道), like(喜欢), look like(看起来像), notice(注意到), remember(记得), resemble(形似), see(看到), think(认为), understand(理解), have(拥有),love(爱), seem(看起来), show(显示), mind(介意), sound(听起来), hate(讨厌), detest(憎恨), desire(意欲), 引号: n 引号位于一行之上,应该在句尾其他标点符号, 如逗号,句号,问好之外. n 引语的第一个词以大写字母开头. n 在said, asked, 等词后面用逗号,只有当它们位于句尾时才在它们后面用句号. n 当said, asked等词置于引语之间时,句子的后半部分以小写开头. n 当一个新的说话人开始讲话时, 要另起一个段落. 3.
复习一般过去时/不规则过去式和过去分词常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词在英语里约有300多个 put up(搭建), put out(扑灭), put on(穿上), put sb. up(为某人安排住宿), put up with(容忍), put down(抄写), put off(推迟), put away(放好，放到一边去) 4.
现在完成时复习/定语从句(见复合句部分) l 与现在完成时连用的时间副词: yet, just, before, recently, lately, ever, never, so far(迄今为止), up till now(直到现在), up to now(直到现在), since(自从), for a long time(很长时间), in the past/in the last few years(在过去的几年里), these days(目前), l 某些非延续性动词(动作开始变终止的动词), 在现在完成时中不 能与表示一段时间状语搭配: 例如:die, arrive, join, leave, go, refuse , fail, finish, buy, marry, divorce, awake, buy, borrow, lend, 这些动词并非不能用在现在完成时,而是不能接由for引导的时间状语.但是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用. Jane has gone away for a month. (wrong) Jane has been away for a month.(right) His father has died for two years. (wrong) His father has been dead for two years.(right) has gone to (去了某地,指人还在那里), have been to (去过某地, 人已经不在那里了)。 5.
一般过去时对比过去完成时,现在分词/过去分词 refuse/deny, bring/take/fetch, very/too 6.
冠词用法定冠词用法 (1)特指 (2)地理名词前加定冠词 l
河流the yellow river l
山脉 the Alps, the Himalayas l
海峡海湾the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel (3)由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词 l
国名及政治组织名the United States, the United Kingdom l
某些机构学校及建筑名 the British Museum l
由普通名词构成的报刊杂志名 the New York Times, the Times 零冠词 1.
车站, 机场, 公园, 桥梁名: Kennedy Airport, Beijing Railway Station, London Bridge 4.
大学名 Yale University, Cambridge University 5.
节日名National Day, May Day, News Years’ Day 6.
多数杂志名 Time, Reader’s Digest 7.
物质名词一般意义 Water boils at 100 degrees. We can not live without air. 8.
抽象名词Life is short. Art is difficult to appreciate. 7.
used to do 用法 Used to do 表示过去常常做某事现在不做了 I used to get up at seven o’clock. Experience, save, very/too 8.
比较级/最高级, 比较状语从句（见复合句-比较状语从句） A/one的区别 9.
介词用法 Passed/past, next/other 10.
被动语态总结一般现在时: is/am/are done 一般过去时: was/were done 现在进行时: is/am/are being done 现在完成时: have/has been done 过去完成时: had been done 一般将来时: will be done 过去将来时: would be done 过去进行时: was/were being done 情态动词: can be done, must be done, could be done, may be done, might be done, 情态动词完成式: can have been done, must have been done, could have been done, may have been done, might have been done, Call at(拜访某地), call out at(大声喊), call on(拜访某人), call sb up(给某人打电话), call off(取消) 11.
主语+谓语(感官动词)+doing表示正在发生的事情,+do 表示已经完成的动作. So/such So+adj. /adv. such+n. 固定用法：so many 12.
一般将来时will/be going to do will/be going to do一般情况下可以相互替换,但是要表示说话人决定做某事或者表示建议,请求, 肯定或不肯定等含义时只能用will. Watch/look at/follow, solid/firm/stable 13.
将来完成时 Hold/look, look forward to(期望), look out(当心), look up (查询,), look sb. up(拜访某人) 14.
as if /though+虚拟语气, 过去完成时总结 as if /though 常在描述行为的动词后面使用, 如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound, 后面要用虚拟语气 He looks as if he were a king. Her skin feels as if it were silk. The song sounds as if it were a sad story. He looked as if he had never lived in England.
No sooner…than, hardly…when, country/countryside, continuously, continually, No sooner…than 一…就…
与过去完成时连用 I had no sooner come into the room than it began to rain. The bell had no sooner rung than the game began. 如果no sooner 放在句首, 主句的主谓结构倒装 No sooner had I come into the room than it began to rain. No sooner had the bell rung than it began to rain. Hardly…when 几乎没来得及…就…
与过去完成时连用 He had hardly got the money when the policeman caught him. I had hardly finished the last question when the exam ended. 如果hardly…when放在句首, 主句的主谓结构倒装 Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught him. Hardly had I finished the last question when the exam ended.
直接引语变间接引语 1.
引语前用that, 口语中可以省略 2.
根据句意改变人称 3.
时态变化: 一般现在时-一般过去时, 一般过去时-过去完成时, 一般将来时-过去将来时, 现在进行时-过去进行时, 现在完成时-过去完成时, can-could, may-might, must-had to, 4.
一些指示代词及表示地点及时间的词 this-that, these-those, now-then, today, tonight-that day, that night, this week-that week, yesterday-the day before, the previous day, last week- the week before, two days ago-two days before(earlier), tomorrow-the next (following) day, next week-the following week, here-there, come, bring-go, take 如果意思上没有必要改变就不用变了，比如在同一天说的话. She said she would come again tonight. He said he arrived yesterday morning. 几种特殊的间接引语 n
特殊疑问句, 语序要变为陈述语序 “Where are you going?” he asked. He asked me where I was going. n
一般疑问句, 要加if/whether “Will you come tomorrow?” he asked. He asked if I would come the next day. n
祈使句要变为不定式, 所使用的谓语要根据语气来选择 “Stay here,” the policeman said. The policeman requested him to stay there. “Close the window, please,” my mother said. My mother asked me to close the window. 常用的动词: advise, ask, beg, command(命令), order, warn, tell, urge(催促), invite, persuade, remind, forbid 16.
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法, make/do 对现在事实的虚拟, if从句中谈论的是想象的情况,主句则推测想象的结果结构: 主句用过去时, 从句用过去将来时 If you came here earlier, you would catch the train. If you spent more time on studying, you would get better result. If I were you, I would accept this offer. 注意: 如果if从句中的动词是be, 那么应该在第一和第三人称单数名词后用 were. Make/do用法 make conversation(聊天), make the bed(铺床), make a promise(许诺), make trouble(找麻烦), make progress(取得进步), make money(赚钱), make a speech(演讲,讲话), make mistakes(犯错误), make up one’s mind(下定决心) do one’s best(尽最大努力), do one’s homework(做家庭作业), do a few jobs(做家务), do sb. a favour(帮忙), do work(工作), do exercise(做练习), do shopping(购物), do business(做生意) 17.
情态动词need, must, have to 1. need 一般作为实义动词使用 l
需要某物He needs a hat. Does he need a hat? l
需要做某事need to do I need to have a rest. You need to finish your work. l
需要被…,主语与need 后的动词为被动关系:need doing=need to be done The flowers need watering. =The flowers need to be watered. 2. need用做情态动词时一般为否定形式needn’t(不必要), 可以用来回答含有must, have to 的一般疑问句, 与don’t have to 同义 Must I wash the dishes? No, you needn’t. 3. need 完成式needn’t have done 4. mustn’t 表示不应该,一般口气比较强硬,没有商量. You mustn’t get up late. Remark/observe, notice 18.
have 用法总结 have a ride(骑), have a look(看), have a wash(洗), have a swim(游泳), have a fight(打架), have quarrel(吵架), have a try(尝试), have a rest(休息), have a smoke(吸烟), have a good sleep(睡觉) Pick sb up(接), pick up(拿出,学习,找到), pick out(挑出), 19.
情态动词can/could/be able to do 1. can 表示可能性 If you want, I can go with you. 2. 表示天生或学到的能力, 可以用can/could/be able to do, 三者都可以用在现在时和过去时中，在将来时中要用will be able to 3. 表示现在正在发生的事要用can Look! He can stand on his head. 4. 表示成果的完成某个具体动作时通常不用could而用be able to, 表示某动作没有成功用couldn’t Can he borrow a book successfully? Yes, he was able to borrow a book from his sister. No, he couldn’t. At 词组 At first(开始), at once(立即), at present(目前), at last(最后), at any rate(无论如何), at heart(本质上), at least(至少), at times(不时), at a loss(不知所措) 20.
复习动名词用法 1.
动名词可以做句子的主语,表语,宾语,介词宾语 2.
在含有介词的动词短语后面要用动名词, 如: look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to, be tired of , be thirsty of, go on, insist on etc. 3.
有些动词后面既可用动名词也可以用不定式,所表达的意思没有区别,常见的词: start, begin, continue, delay, mean, 4.
有些动词后面加不定式表示一件具体的事情，加动名词表示一种习惯. I like drinking coffee, but today, I like to drink some tea. 21.
复习 Steal/rob, pay back Steal表示偷偷摸摸的偷, 其宾语一般为物品 rob表示抢劫,其宾语一般是人或者某个处所 pay back 还钱, 报复 22.
介词用法 23.
复习 suggest 用法, 当建议用时后面加虚拟should +动词原形, should 可以省略. 24.
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