地铁机车用了哪些纯贵金属有哪些?哪些合金?最好能说明哪些部位用了什么贵金属有哪些。如果能说出其优点就更好了

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地铁机车用直流断路器的设计
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Copyright (C) && & 京ICP备号& 京公网安备&客服邮箱:&&客服电话:& 文明办网文明上网举报电话:010- &&随着地铁的大规模建设,地铁供电系统的设备国产化也逐渐成为国家的重点研究项目。由于地铁一般采用直流供电系统,而直流断路器是直流供电系统中极其重要的保护设备,因此直流断路器的研制具有十分重要的意义。本文主要采用CAE技术对直流断路器的主要组成部分(即触头系统、灭弧系统、永磁操作机构和过流脱扣器)进行设计和仿真分析。通过对直流断路器的结构和工作原理的研究,首先确定直流断路器的触头材料和触头的开距、压力、几何尺寸以及超程等主要参数。根据直流电弧的熄弧特点,本文选择了金属栅片灭弧室,并对金属栅片进行了设计,分析了金属栅片选用不同材料时,灭弧室内的磁场分布情况。计算了栅片中有电弧存在时灭弧室内的电场分布,并对触头拐角做钝化处理,这可以有效的降低灭弧室内的最大电场强度值,防止燃弧期间的背后击穿现象。其次,根据单稳态永磁机构的工作原理,对单稳态永磁机构进行设计。通过对永磁机构的静态分析,计算了合闸保持力,并分析了在分合闸位置时的磁场分布情况。计算永磁机构的动态特性,得出了动铁心所受吸力与时间的变化关系。以此为加载条件,应用动力学仿真软件Adams对直流断路器建立虚拟样机运动模型,从而计算出直流断路器动触头的动态特性,获得了分合闸时动触头的运动曲线。最后,通过对过流脱扣器结构的研究,选择了以衔铁的打开位置作为过流脱扣器的设计点。以衔铁的体积最小为优化目标,以衔铁所受吸力为约束条件。采用一阶优化方法对过流脱扣器行进优化设计。考虑直流断路器短路时电流随时间的变化情况,对优化设计的结构进行动态特性仿真分析,仿真结果表明该过流脱扣器满足设计要求。
With the large-scale construction of subway, the domestic subway power system equipment has become a national key research project. Since the subway generally adopts DC power supply system, while the DC circuit breaker in DC power supply system is an extremely important protect equipment, so the development of DC circuit breaker is of great significance.This paper mainly uses the CAE technology to design and simulate the main part of the DC circuit breaker (including the contact system, arc-extinguishing system, permanent magnet actuator and the over-current release). By studying the structure and working principle of the DC circuit breaker, the paper firstly designs the main parameters of the DC circuit breaker, such as material, open distance, pressure, geometry size and overtravel of the contact. According to the characteristics of the DC electric arc, this paper chooses the metal sheet arcing chamber and designs metal sheet, at the same time analyses magnetic field distribution of the arcing chamber when the metal sheet are composed of different materials. This paper calculates the distribution of the electric field of arcing chamber when arc exists in the metal sheets, and passivates the corner of the contact, which can effectively reduce the largest electric field intensity and prevent back commutation phenomenon during the period when arc is burning.Secondly, according to the working principle of the single steady-state permanent magnetism actuator, the single steady-state permanent magnetism actuator has been designed. Through static analysis of permanent magnetic actuator, the closing force is calculated, and the distribution of magnetic field is analyzed when it is in the opening and closing position. The dynamic characteristics of permanent magnetism actuator are calculated to obtain the relationship between suction suffered moving core and time. As the loading conditions, dynamic simulation Adams have been used to create a motion model of virtual prototype, as a result the dynamic characteristics of the DC circuit breaker moving contact are calculated, and the motion curves of the moving contact are obtained. Finally, according to the structure analysis of the over-current release, the open position of the armature is chosen as the design point. The optimize target is to make the volume of armature smallest, and the constraint condition is suction suffered by armature. The First-order optimization method is used to achieve optimize the design of the over-current release. Considering the load current changes with time, dynamic simulation of the optimal designed structure was simulated and the results meet the design requirements of the over-current release.
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