2014广东高考英语语法填空答题规律_英语高考_中学数学网
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2014广东高考英语语法填空答题规律
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2014广东高考英语语法填空答题规律
作者：佚名
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更新时间： 19:41:22
2009年语法填空&&&&&& 本文讲叙Jane在圣诞节给父亲选礼物，因往年送父亲领带不能使父亲高兴，满以为这次买烟斗送父亲会让父亲高兴的，买回来后却被告知父亲戒烟了。&&&&&& Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult&&&& 31&&&& was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy&&& 32&&&& (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.
31. it。在宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是to choose…。32. to please。在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，且用主动形式表示被动含义。
&& Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not&&&& 33&&&& pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or& 34&&&& (push) you with their elbows (肘部), 34' (hurry) ahead to get to a bargain.&&&&&& Jane paused in front of a counter&& 35&& some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk,” the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price.” But Jane knew from past experience that her&& 36& (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
33. a。表示“一次”愉快的经历。34. pushed。与stepped并列，也用一般过去时。35. where。因两句之间没有连词，必定是填连接性词语；后句是定语从句，要填的词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。36. choice。在形容词性物主代词后一定是用名词形式。
&& Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes&&& 37&&& sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please&& 38& .&&&& When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already&& 39&& table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane&& 40&& (inform).
37. on。因表示“出售”的on sale是固定搭配。38. him。给父亲买礼物，根据常识应是使父亲高兴，代替“父亲”，作宾语用人称代词宾格。please him 使他高兴。39. at。名词(table)在句中不作主语，也不作动词的宾语，很可能就是作介词的宾语；由having supper可知，填at；因为at table表示“在餐桌边，在进餐”，也是习惯搭配。40. was informed。因Jane与inform是被动关系，又是一般过去时,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
&& 2008年语法填空
&&& Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.
31. Behind。指“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在……之后”，用介词behind。32. to help。因“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拔高”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式。
&&& It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960―1279) was very anxious to help 33 rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.&&&& One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.
33. his。由his crop, the crop可知，此处填限定词；这个急性子人当然是急于使他自己的禾苗长得快，故填his。34. it/this。代替前文中的(how) to help his crop grow up quickly。35. that。引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，名词性从句的结构和意义已非常完整，故用that引导。
&&& He was very tired&& 36&& doing this for a whole day,&&& 37&& he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”&& 38&& (high).&&&& His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.
36. after /from。因“他感到很累”应是“在他做了一整天事之后”，表示“在……之后”，动名词前面用介词after；另外be tired from doing(因做某事而累)是固定搭配，故也可填from。37. but。因very happy与前面的very tired是转折关系，而这两句之间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。38. higher。指比他pluck up a few inches之前“长”得更高了，这是省略了than before的隐性的比较级。
&& This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their&&& 39&&& (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often&& 40&& (result) in the contrary to our intention.
39. natural。在名词course前作定语，要用形容词。
40. results。此句Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，result应是谓语动词，应当考虑的是它的时态；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。
2012年语法填空&&&& Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day,&& __16_( wear ) sun glasses. He walked in as if he __17___( buy ) the school , And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City .
16. wearing&&& 17.& had bought& &&&
& For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt __18& _ ( please ), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in __19___last row.
18. pleased&&& 19. the
&&& _& 20__ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back ,he was wrong . It might have made it a little __21__( hard ) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ,but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary,_22_made her feel like a star .
20. If& 21. harder&&& 22.which
&&& &&&& “Do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head.” Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher __23__ a few seconds and all the other students wondered __24__ the boy would do .Then he took __25_ off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool."
23.for&&& 24.what&&& 25.them
16. wearing&&& 17.& had bought&& 18.pleased&&& 19. the&&&&&&&&& 20.&& If21. harder&&& 22.which&&&& 23.for&&& 24.what&&&&&&& 25.them
2013年高考惠州第三次调研测试题
&&&&&& 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16-25的相应位置上。&&&&&& While many young people were enjoying the final weeks of summer vacation, Zach& Bonner was working his hardest.& According to the St. Petersburg Times, Zach started walking from Valrico, Florida, his hometown, on Christmas, 2009, and stepped over the Los Angeles city line nine months later in September, covering a total of 2,478 miles 16 _____& raising close to $120,000 for kids in need.&& Along the way, Zach attended school online, thanks to his mother, Laurie Bonner, and brother and sister 17 _____& alternated walking and driving alongside him.& Despite 18 _____& age,& Zach has a long history of helping others. 19& _____ Hurricane Charley hit his hometown in 2004，Zach，then six, pulled a wagon through his neighborhood 20_______(collect) food for storm victims. Since then, he 21 _____& (raise) some $400,000 for his tax-exempt Little Red Wagon Foundation, 22______ gives money to projects aiding 23 _____& (home) and troubled children. In 2007，Zach began walking to support a children's charity in Florida, 24& _____& (finish) his journey 23&& days later, 280& miles away in Tallahassee. Then 25 _____& the summer of 2009，he walked about 670 miles from Atlanta to Washington, D.C., in just two months. What really keeps me going is 26 _____& kids," Zach has said. "They don't get to say, ‘I'm tired of being homeless.' So why should I get to quit?"16.______17. _______18. _______&&&& 19. _______&& 20. _______21. _______ 22. _______ 23. _______ 24. ______25. _______26. _______(赠送一个空，希望做对)
语法填空：16.and& 17.who&&& 18.his&&&& 19.When&& 20. collecting21.has raised&&& 22.which 23.homeless 24.finishing&& 25.in&&&& 26. these
&&&&& 考点设置&&&&&&& 就命题形式而言，纯空格题设6―7个小题；用括号中所给词的适当形式填空设3―4个小题。特别说明：&&&&&&& 各类从句的“引导词”，如引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词、连词(whether, if, that)，引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，引导状语从句的从属连词，以及连接并列句的并列连词，都被称为“连接词”。理由是：1.从功能上讲，都有连接句子与句子的作用；2.从这类试题的解题方法上看，判断的方式也是相同的。我们就语法填空的复习重点和应关注的冷点，归纳提示如下：(1)近三年来，“纯空格题”只考了冠词、介词、代词和连接词以及功能性结构副词等四类词；“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空”考了谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。(2)介词、连接词、动词每年都有两道小题，由此可见，这是考查的重点，也是复习训练的重点。(3)冠词：在三年中有两年都是考查不定冠词的最基本的用法，表示“一个(次/本…)”，这无疑是复习和训练的重点，但也要关注不定冠词的其他用法，同时注意定冠词的基本用法。(4)代词：三年来主要考查了在句中作宾语的人称代词宾语、只能在名词前作定语的形容词性物主代词、it的用法和不定代词。备考中，除重点关注已考的热点外，也不要忽视反身代词和疑问代词。(5)连接词：三年来考查了引导宾语从句的连接代词who、引导同位语从句的that、引导定语从句的关系副词where(三年考了两年)、表示转折的并列连词but，这些仍是复习的重点；备考中，要训练名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句；状语从句、定语从句的连接词。如何判断名词性从句？规律：
&&&&&&& 可以从从句所处的位置判断是主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句还是表语从句。注意：名词性从句中如果缺少主语、宾语 或 表语时常填 (whatever) ; who (whoever)
(6)动词：时态重点考查一般过去时和一般现在时，也要留意一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等各种时态。语态只考查了一般过去时的被动语态，一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态值得重视。&&&&&&& 非谓语动词重复考的是不定式作状语，过去分词、动词-ing形式。(7)词类转换：主要考查各类词在句中的最基本用法：作主语和宾语用名词，作定语、表语、补语用形容词，做状语要用副词。懂得了这些基本用法之后，就是要掌握构词法的基本知识，将其合理转换。特别提醒：(1)在纯空格题中，没有要求根据上下文填写名词、动词、拼写较长的形容词和副词。
&&&&&&& 其原因有二：一是根据语境推测出要填哪一个名词、动词、形容词或副词，这正好是完形填空要考查的内容，若在语法填空中考查，是越权，是多管闲事；二是“语法填空”顾名思义是考语法，而根据语境填这四类词同语法规则关系不大，与“语法填空”名不符实。&&&&& 不过，less, more, most，much, few，fewer, fewest等词是可能在纯空格类题中考查的，因为这涉及到语法――比较等级。so, therefore, however等词虽然也是副词但它们属于功能结构性副词。&&&& (2)倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词(do, does, did)，以及强调结构中的it和that等都可能在纯空格题中进行考查，这主要是考查对由“it is ….that…” 引出的几种从句的的辨析能力；名词的数或所有格（至今未考过）也可能在“用括号中词语的正确形式填空”中进行考查，千万不可忽视。
答案特点(1)纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。历年高考题的答案印证了这一点。(2)用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的“正确形式”，不可以出现所给词以外的其它词。究竟由几个单词组成？没有规定，五年高考题的答案是填一个或两个单词。2009年有两个小题需要填两个单词，一个是不定式，一个是被动语态。(3)要求填的词(即答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词，平均每词约4-6个字母。(4)三年中有两年各有一小题所填词位于句首，此时第一个字母要注意大写。特别提醒&&&&&& 尽管近五年高考中“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”的答案只填一个或两个单词，但是我们在平时的训练中应当不局限于此，要训练填一个、两个或多个单词的情况。非谓语动词中，带to的不定式、现在分词的完成式都可能填两个单词；谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等也都可能填两个单词，而现在完成进行时等就可能填三个单词，被动语态至少都要填两个单词。
二、解题揭秘
三个解题步骤(1)通读全文，了解大意。步骤：概读理解 C 分析填空 C 连贯检查&&&&&& 既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，了解全文大意，这一步非常重要。（2）分析思路&词法―句法―篇章―惯用法(3)试填空格，后难先易。&&&&&& 读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语境(也就是上下文)，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体方法，请看以下“解题思路大全”。(4)重读全文，解决难题。&&&&& 在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。（5）通读全文,理解大意；检查搭配, 前后连贯；根据篇章, 确定语义；分析句子,确定词性；语法填空的答题过程归根到底其实就是寻找依据．每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据。
解题思路大全
中文误导错常见，定势思维分要减。插入成分要分清，句型信息更关键。妙诀赠君记心间，是否有效靠多练。题型分析过了关，百三百四只等闲。
三、答题思路
(1)纯空格试题。&&& 首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。&&& 我们知道，语法填空空格在形式上主要有二种类型：&(1)纯空格题（无提示词）：通常考――
冠词、代词(形容词性物主代词、人称代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词 )、介词、和连词、从句引导词。(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考――谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致、非谓语动词、词类转换等。
&&&& 两个分句结构连接,考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法1.…The exam, ________was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(08广州二模)2…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away ________there was a garage. (2007广东高考)3. It is such an important issue ______ we couldn’t afford to ignore. (08仲元）4. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of ________ are healthy.（08茂名二模）which&& where&& as&& whom
四、具体分析方法
& （一）纯空格题1、缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。[例1] I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and __38_ gets there almost in a second. (茂名一模)解析：and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代the message用代词it。2、名词前是空格，若该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词his, their等形容词性物主代词，或some, any, other(s), another等限定词。[例2] It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960―1279) was very anxious to help __33 rice crop grow up quickly. (2008年广东高考)解析：名词rice crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词his。[例3] …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to__35_small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. (2007年广东高考)解析：因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定词；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填a。3、名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词。[例4]& The little boy pulled [33]________ right hand out of the pocket … （his）[例5] … who should have the honour of receiving me 33& a guest in their house. (2007年广东高考)解析：因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词as。4、若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。[例6] …two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso&& 34&& Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.解析：因与Pablo Picasso (毕加索)与Candido Portinari (坎迪多•波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，应填and。[例7] …all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me&& 36&& almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模)解析：因melted me和gave me两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填and。5、若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连接词。[例8] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days& 32& I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008年广州一模)解析：因I wanted to…是一个句子，I was to return…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填before。[例9] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,& 37& he felt very happy… (2008年广东高考)解析：因He was very tired…是一个句子，he felt very happy…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系，故填but。6、若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。[例10 What is acceptable in one country&&& 31&& be considered extremely rude in another. (珠三角五校联考)解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。[例11] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ________ bring home a regular salary.&解析：这是一个由but连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时；可是，bring却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不符，也与主语he不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语动词表示强调的助动词did(的确)。7、若缺状语，一定是填副词(在纯空中考的可能性不大)。（例句略）8、由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由it is…that…强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。[例12] …and&& 40&& was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (广州一模)解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填it。(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。[例13] _______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.解析：由can you expect to…可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。如：[例14] …as&& 32&& took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists… (2008年佛山二模)解析：由句式结构可知，这是it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主语，空格处填形式主语it。[例15] Dating sites also make&&& 36&& easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008年惠州二模)解析：由句式结构可知，to avoid…是真正的宾语，easy是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的it。(4)so /such…that…句型。如：[例16] This made the goat so jealous___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (2007年惠州二模)解析：由句式结构可知，这是so…that…句型，应填that。(5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。[例17] Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares&& 40&& how much he pays. (深圳宝安期末)解析：由句式结构可知，这是more…than…句型，故填that。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。(二)给出了动词的试题。1、动词不在主语或宾语的位置首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。[例18] His fear of failure ____36____(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (2008年深圳一模)解析：因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。[例19] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,&& 40& (close) my book and walked away. (2008年广州一模)解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。[例20] In Logan, three people __38__ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (梅州二模)解析：因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用―ing形式、―ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：2、作主语或宾语，通常用―ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。[例21] …but it is not enough only&&& 35&& (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (佛山一模)解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。[例20] _______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…解析：句中已有谓语won’t make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。3、作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。如：[例22] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。[例23] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33& (succeed). (2008年佛山一模)解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。4、作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号。[例24] He saw the stone,&& 37& (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008年东莞一模)解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。[例25] The headmaster went into the lab, ________ (follow) by the foreign guests.解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。5、不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用―ing形式，是被动关系用―ed形式。[例26] There will be a meeting, __40__ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008年广州二模)解析：因a meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。[例27]& Lessons&& 39&& (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明)解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。特别提醒有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：[例28]& But Jane knew from past experience that her ___36___ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (2009年广东)分析：括号中所给词choose虽然是动词，但在句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。(三)词类转换题根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。①作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：[例29] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。[例30] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。[例31] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject.解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填interested。②作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。[例30] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China’s ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。[例31] These people have made great __39&& (contribute) to China with their work. (茂名二模)解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示作贡献，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。③在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：[例32] …the remains date from this period because of their __38__ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年广州二模)解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填similarities。[例33] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。④修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：[例34]& As I looked&& 32& (close) at this girl, I fount that… (2008年深圳一模)解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。[例35] There must be something& 40&& (serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末)解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。[例36] Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet&& 33&& (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time… (2008年惠州三模)解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。⑤有可能是词义转换题，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un―, im―等，在词根后加―less等。如：[例37] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use).解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。[例38] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意，“错误引起了许多不必要的麻烦事”，故填unnecessary。⑥括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。[例39] …there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist&&& 34&& (attract)… (2008年广州一模)解析：尽管attract是动词，但这是考查词类转换的；在句中作介词about的宾语，用名词，故填attractions。[例40] The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even __36_ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末)解析：联系前句，又有even(更加)的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填harder。
四、点睛技巧语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。1．语法填空的考查范围& (1)语境测试(上下文)；& (2)语法测试：动词、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级及构词法、倒装等。①动词：时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等；②引导词：一些从句的使用， 如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等；③形容词、副词、名词、动词之间的词型、词性转换， 形容词与副词的比较级、最高级等；④介词：一些常用介词的基本用法、介词短语的用法；⑤名词、冠词：注意名词的单数、复数、可数、不可数以及冠词的特殊性用法；⑥代词：注意代词所指代的对象和前后对应的关系；⑦并列词：and, so, or, otherwise等表示并列、对比的词，以及表示承接、转折的副词therefore, however的用法；⑧句型：要求归纳整理， 并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型， 如： not...until...; not only...but (also)．..; so...that...; not...but...; as...as...; either...or...；more...than...; neither...nor...；such...that...；hardly...when...; no sooner...than...等。2．语法填空的能力要求&&& (1)阅读/理解语篇的能力；&&& (2)分析句子结构的能力；&&& (3)熟练运用语法的能力；&&& (4)单词拼写能力。3. 态度要求• 不断记忆，积累词汇• 夯实基础，学好语法• 大声朗读，培养语感• 坚持不懈，多做练习
专题一　记叙文型语法填空专题导读
记叙文体裁主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章，是常见的文体。在语法填空篇章中，其语言特点有：&&&&&& 1．以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态，使文章所叙述的动作具有层次感和立体感。&&&&&&& 2．广泛使用动态动词。这些动词的存在会使文章充满“动感”，而这种让往事历历在目的“动感”正是优秀的记叙文所要追求的效果。
&&&& One Sunday morning in&& August I went to a local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment __1__ (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me __2__ the bus arrived.& I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man __3__ (sit) at the front. He__4__ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be__5__ (mental) disabled.Behind him were other people to__6__he was trying to talk, but after some minutes__7__ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.&&& I didn't want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn't like leaving him__8__ his own either.After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had__9__ amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.&&&& I'm glad I made the choice. It made__10__ of us feel good.1．____　2.____　3._____4.______5．____6._____　7.______　8._____9．________　10.________&&& 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”的一次坐车经历：在公交车上遇到一个好像是弱智的人，其他人都躲开了，而“我”走近了他，和他聊起来，一路上“我”俩都很高兴。&&&&&& 1．later　考查副词的用法。我离开得较早因为那天晚些时候我有个约会。&&&&&& 2．till/until　考查状语从句的连接词。我的朋友一直陪我直到公共汽车来。&&&&&& 3．sitting/sit　考查动词的用法。notice sb doing/do sth.意为“注意到某人正在做某事/做了某事”。&&&&&& 4．was pretending　考查动词的时态。由giving it a voice可知用过去进行时。5．mentally　考查副词的用法。此处disabled是形容词，用副词修饰。&&&&&&& 6．whom　考查定语从句的关系词。此处he was trying to talk to 是定语从句，people是先行词，whom作介词to的宾语。&&&&&&& 7．they　考查代词的用法。他们走开然后坐在我的旁边。&&&&&&& 8．on　考查词组的用法。此处考查词组on one’s own (＝alone)。&&&&&&&& 9．an　考查冠词的用法。amazing是以元音音素开头，故用an。&&&&&&& 10．both　考查代词的用法。由上文 We had … amazing conversation可知“我们俩”都很高兴。
&&&& Eleven&year&old Angela was stricken with a disease involving her nervous system. The doctors did not hold out much hope of her ever recovering __1__ this illness.They predicted she’d spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair. __2__ Angela firmly believed that she was definitely going to be walking again someday.The doctors were charmed by her __3__ (defeatable) spirit.They taught her about imaging―about seeing herself __4__ (walk)．Angela would work as hard as possible in physical therapy(理疗), lying there faithfully doing her imaging, visualizing herself moving, moving, moving!One day, __5__ she was straining with all her might to imagine her legs moving again, __6__ seemed as though a miracle happened: the bed moved! She screamed out, “Look what I __7__ (do)! Look! Look! I can do it! I moved, I moved！” Of course, __8__ this very moment everyone __9__ in the hospital was screaming, too.It was the San Francisco earthquake.But don’t tell __10__ to Angela.She’s convinced that she did it.And now only a few years later, she’s back in school.On her own two legs.No walking sticks, no wheelchair.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________【解析】靠轮椅行走的安吉拉，连医生对她的康复都不抱希望，但她始终没有放弃，一次地震让她觉得是她自己的脚动了，并对此坚信不疑，几年后她真的靠自己的双脚重新走进了学校。&&&&&&& 1．from　recover from an illness意为“从疾病中恢复过来”。&&&&&&& 2．But　与前句是转折关系。&&&&&&& 3．undefeatable　在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由语境可知，此处应表示“不败的”，故填undefeatable。句意：医生为她永不言败的精神所折服。&&&&&&&& 4．walking　see sb doing“看见某人在做某事”。&&&&&&&& 5．as　as表示“正当……时”。6．it　句式搭配：it seems as if/as though...仿佛是……&&&&&& 7．am doing　句意：看，我在做什么！&&&&&& 8．at　at this very moment意为“此刻”。&&&&&& 9．else　用于复合不定代词或疑问词后，表示“其他的”，用else。&&&&&& 10．that/it　替代前文说的地震这回事。
专题二　说明文型语法填空说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。其语言特点有：&&&&&&& 1．多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释。&&&&&&& 2．采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。&&&&&&& 分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时，首先确定句子的主谓宾成分，看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词，然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他成分。此时，要借助上下文的暗示或明示，确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能等。The air we breathe is freely available, without which we could not survive more than a few minutes.For the most part, air is available to everyone, and everyone __1__ (need) it.Some people use the air to sustain them while __2__(seat) around and feel sorry for themselves.__3__ breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make__4__ magnificent life.Opportunity is__5__ it is everywhere.It is__6__freely available that we take it for granted.Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success, it must__7__ (seize) and acted upon in order to have value.So many people are so anxious to “get in” on a“ground floor opportunity”， as if the opportunity will do all the work that’s __8__(possible)．Just as you need air to breathe, you need opportunity to succeed.It takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity, __9__.You must make use of it.That's not up to the opportunity, that’s up to you.It doesn’t matter what “floor” the opportunity is on, but __10__ matters is what you do with it.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________【解析】1．needs　考查主谓一致，由全文时态可知用一般现在时， everyone后用第三人称单数。&&&&&&&& 2．seated　过去分词作伴随状语， 相当于“while they are seated”。&&&&&&&&& 3．Others　句型：some...others...&&&&&&&&& 4．a　表示“一种奇妙的生活”，是泛指，故用不定冠词a。&&&&&&&&& 5．in　in the way是固定搭配。6．so　句型：so...that...&&&&&&&& 7．be seized　依据上下文的理解， 可知句意表示“有机遇必须抓住， 你才能成功”。&&&&&&&& 8．impossible　依据上下文和构词法， 此处应为“不可能的”， 故用“impossible”。&&&&&&&& 9．however/though　插入语， 意为“然而”。&&&&&&&& 10．what　引导主语从句且在句中作主语，故用what。(一)Two seeds lay side by side in the fertile spring soil.The first seed said, “I want to grow! I want to send my roots deep into the soil __1__ me, and thrust my sprouts (芽) __2__ the earth’s crust above me.I want to open my tender buds(蓓蕾) like banners to announce the __3__ (arrive) of spring.I want to feel the warmth of the sun on my face and the blessing of the morning dew(露水) on my petals(花瓣)！”And so she grew.The second seed said, “I am afraid.If I send my roots into the ground below, I don’t know what I __4__(come) across in the dark.If I push my way through the hard soil above me, I may damage my delicate sprouts. What if I let my buds open and a snail (蜗牛) tries __5__(eat) them? And __6__ I were to open my blossoms, __7__ small child may pull me from the ground.No, it is much __8__ (good) for me to wait __9__it is safe.”And so she waited. A yard hen scratching around in the early spring ground for food found the waiting seed and immediately ate __10__.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________【解析】两颗种子的故事，告诉我们惧怕冒险和成长，最终要被生活吞没。&&&&&&& 1．beneath　介词，意为“在……之下”与下文的above相对。&&&&&&&& 2．through　介词，意为“穿过”。&&&&&&&& 3．arrival　在冠词后用名词。&&&&&&&& 4．will come　对未来的预测，句意为：我不知道在黑暗之中将会遇到什么。&&&&&&&& 5．to eat　因try表示“试图做某事”，后接不定式。&&&&&&&& 6．if　if引导虚拟条件句。&&&&&&&& 7．a　表示泛指的“某一个”小孩，故用不定冠词a。8．better　隐性比较级，即“等”比“长”好得多。句中much也提示我们要用比较级，因为much常用来修饰比较级，表示“……得多”。&&&&&& 9．until　意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句。&&&&&& 10．it　it指代前文中的the waiting seed。(二)What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give up.__1__ , the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick __2__ your goal.On your way to success, you __3__ keep your direction.It is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and __4__ (help) you overcome obstacles on your way.__5__ , you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead.Direction means objectives.You can get nowhere __6__ an objective in life.&&& You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve __7__.Only in this way __8__ you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time __9__(proper)．And you should also have a belief __10__ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________【解析】本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。&&&&&&& 1．However　与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有标点， 用副词however。&&&&&&& 2．to　stick to意为“坚持”。&&&&&&& 3．must　由语境不难揣摸出作者的语气，句意为：在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。&&&&&&& 4．helping　与guiding并列，一起补充说明a lamp，故用现在分词。&&&&&&& 5．Otherwise　由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填表示“否则”的otherwise。6．without　句意：人生如果没有目标，你将一事无成。&&&&&&& 7．it　it指代your objective。&&&&&&& 8．will/can　句意：只有这样，你才会知道……&&&&&&& 9．properly　修饰动词spend作状语用副词。&&&&&&& 10．that　引导同位语从句，从句中不缺句子成分，且意义完整，故填that。(三)It happened that a dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying __1__ home in his mouth.Now, __2__ his way home he had to cross a plank lying __3__a running brook.__4__ he crossed, he looked __5__ and saw his own shadow __6__ (reflect) in the water beneath.Thinking it was __7__ dog with another piece of meat, he made up his mind to have that also.So he made a snap at __8__ shadow in the water, __9__ as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out, __10__(drop) into the water and was never seen more.Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________解析】这则狗和影子的故事，告诫我们：切莫因追逐幻影而丢失已有的东西。&&&&&&& 1．it　指代a piece of meat，故用it。&&&&&&&& 2．on　表示“在某人回家的路上”用on one’s way home。&&&&&&&& 3．across　表示“横过”河流或道路等细长的东西或操场等一个平面的东西，用介词across。&&&&&&&& 4．As/When　表示“当……时候”。&&&&&&&& 5．down　因“向下看”才能看到水中的影子，故用down。&&&&&&&& 6．reflected　因shadow与reflect是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。7．another　指它以为是“另一条狗”。&&&&&& 8．the　特指水中的“那个”影子，故用定冠词the。&&&&&& 9．but　前后是转折关系。&&&&&& 10．dropped　与opened, was seen是并列关系，三个先后发生的动作应当用同一时态，故drop也用一般过去时，故填dropped。专题三　议论文型语法填空议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观地解释事物，而且还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。&&&&&&& 议论文有自己的语言特点，了解了文章整体意思后，要通过字里行间的意思推断作者的观点、意图和立场(同意什么，反对什么，喜好什么，憎恶什么，主张什么等)，这种理解直接决定你的填词。要仔细复读全文，关注自己所填的词语是否符合原意，从语意连贯、逻辑合理的角度，认真复查答案的合理性和正确性。【;湖南卷改编】Does going to college really pay off？Certainly!I remember taking __1__ English class in college on the short story.Our first assignment was to read __2__ short stories and then discuss which one was better.After __3__(read)both，I wasn’t sure.Over the __4__ several months, my professor taught me __5__ one story was so much better than the other.__6__ was rich in metaphor(隐喻)and character development, __7__ the other was humorous __8__ too shallow.I couldn’t see this at first.Yet, in a few months, my brain got reeducated and __9__ could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads __10__ greater success in one’s life.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________【解析】 1．an　考查冠词。class此处为可数名词单数形式，其前须用冠词。再根据此处表泛指，而English是以元音音素开头，故填an。&&&&&& 2．two　考查数词。根据本句中“which one was better”以及下文“After … both”中both的提示可推断此处表示“两个短篇故事”，故填two。&&&&&&& 3．reading　考查动名词。after 是介词，括号中所给词是动词，故只能填动名词reading。&&&&&&& 4．next　考查形容词。根据该空修饰名词months，应填形容词，再由语境可知，此处表示“在接下来的几个月”，故填next。&&&&&&&& 5．why　考查名词性从句引导词。根据上文“discuss which one was better”可推断，教授是给我们讲解为什么其中一个故事要比另一个故事好，故填why。6．One　考查不定代词。由语境可知，故事有两个，再根据习惯搭配“one...the other...”可推断填One。&&&&&&& 7．while　考查并列连词，while表示前后对比的意思。&&&&&&& 8．but　考查连词。根据“humorous”和“too shallow”在逻辑上的转折关系可推断，此处填连词but连接两个形容词。&&&&&&& 9．I　考查人称代词。根据该空在句中作主语可判断应填名词或代词。结合语境可知该空应指作者本人，故填I。&&&&&& 10．to　考查介词。lead to为固定搭配，意为“导致”(一)The following words were written on the tomb of an Anglican Bishop(主教) in the Crypts of Westminster Abbey(西敏寺):When I was young and free and my__1__(imagine) had no limits, I dreamed of changing the world.__2__ I grew older and wiser, I discovered the world would not change, so I __3__ (short) my sights somewhat and decided to change only my country. But __4__， too, seemed immovable.As I grew __5__ my twilight years (晚年), in one last desperate attempt, I settled for changing only my family，those __6__(close) to me, __7__alas, they would have __8__ of it.And now as I lie on my deathbed, I suddenly realize: If I had only changed myself first, then by example I __9__ (change) my family.From their inspiration and encouragement, I would then have been able __10__(better) my country and, who knows, I may have even changed the world.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________【解析】改变世界从改变自己开始，因为在我们改变自己的同时也潜移默化地影响着家庭。在他们的鼓舞和激励下，我们可能会使我们的国家变得更美好，从某种角度来看，也正改变着世界。&&&&&&& 1．imagination　在形容词性物主代词后要用名词形式。&&&&&&& 2．As　表示“随着”，要用as引导时间状语从句。&&&&&&& 3．shortened　作谓语要用动词，由上下文可知，要用一般过去时。&&&&&&& 4．it　替代前文中的to change only my country。&&&&&&& 5．into　表示“长成”用grow into。&&&&&&& 6．closest　“家人”是“最亲近的人”。7．but　前后是转折关系。&&&&&& 8．none　have none of (＝refuse to accept)意为“不接受，不理睬”。&&&&&& 9．would have changed　与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。&&&&&&& 10．to better　固定搭配：be able to do。(二)Lao Tzu was traveling with his followers.They came to a forest __1__ hundreds of woodcutters were cutting the trees.__2__ whole forest had been cut except for one big tree __3__ thousands of branches.It was so big __4__ 10,000 persons could sit in its shade.Lao Tzu told his followers __5__ (go) and ask why this tree had not been cut.They went and asked the woodcutters and they said, “This tree is absolutely __6__(use)．You cannot make anything out of it because every branch has so many knots in it―nothing is straight.You cannot use it as fuel because the smoke is dangerous __7__ the eyes.This tree is absolutely useless, and that’s __8__ we haven’t cut it.” The followers came back and told Lao Tzu.He laughed and said, “Be like this tree.If you are useful you will be cut and you will become furniture in somebody’s house.If you are beautiful you __9__ (sell) in the market.Be like this tree, and you will grow big and vast and thousands of people will find shade under __10__ .”1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________【解析】老子与门徒来到森林边，林木被伐尽，只有一棵树因“无用”而幸存下来，长成参天大树。&&&&&&& 1．where　引导定语从句，where在句中作地点状语。&&&&&&&& 2．The　特指整个森林，用定冠词。&&&&&&&& 3．with　介词短语作后置定语，with意为“带有，具有”。&&&&&&&& 4．that　引导结果状语从句，so...that...意为“如此……以致……”。5．to go　tell sb.to do sth.意为“叫某人做某事”。&&&&&&&& 6．useless　根据下文可知，此树无用才没被砍伐，所以填形容词useless。&&&&&&&& 7．to　be dangerous to意为“对……有危险”。&&&&&&&& 8．why　引导表语从句，意为“……的原因”。&&&&&&&& 9．will be sold　&&&&&&&& 10．you　
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