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你可能喜欢初高中英语教学衔接教材
初高中英语教学衔接教材
一、高中英语课程总目标
二、学校的生源现状
三、教学衔接
一、 教学内容
1).语音知识及实践演练
2).词汇知识及实践演练
3).句子结构及实践演练
4).阅读教学及实践演练
二、教学实践安排
高一新生入学第一学期第一个月内完成，共用20课时。其中语音知识讲解及练习为4课时；词汇知识练习及练习6课时；句子结构及练习为5课时；阅读及练习5课时。
一．高中英语课程总目标
　高中英语课程的总目标是使学生在义务教育阶段英语学习的基础上，进一步明确英语学习的目的，发展自主学习和合作学习的能力；形成有效的英语学习策略；培养学生的综合语言运用能力。综合语言运用能力的形成建立在语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整合发展的基础上。语言技能和语言知识是综合语言运用能力基础。情感态度是影响学生学习和发展的重要因素。学习策略是提高学习效率、发展自主学习能力的先决条件。文化意识则是得体运用语言的保障。
　　根据高中学生认知能力发展的特点和学业发展的需求，高中英语课程应强调在进一步发展学生综合语言运用能力的基础上，着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力，特别注重提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力；形成跨文化交际的意识和基本的跨文化交际能力；进一步拓宽国际视野，增强爱国主义精神和民族使命感，形成健全的情感、态度、价值观，为未来发展和终身学习奠定良好的基础。为此，高中英语教学要鼓励学生通过积极尝试、自我探究、自我发现和主动实践等学习方式，形成具有高中生特点的英语学习的过程与方法。
英语是高中阶段外语教育的主要语种。高中英语课程改革的主要目的是：建立新的外语教育教学理念，使课程设置和课程内容具有时代性、基础性和选择性；建立灵活的课程目标体系，使之对不同阶段和不同地区的英语教学更具有指导意义；建立多元、开放的英语课程评价体系，使评价真正成为教学的有机组成部分；建立规范的英语教材体系以及丰富的课程资源体系，以保障英语课程的顺利实施。
二．所研究学校的生源特点
&一中是一所全日制普通高中，学生来自我县各乡镇的初中，是省市重点中学录取后的剩余学生，还有一部分是不足高中录取分数线。因此，学生总体情况较差；又因各地英语学习资源及条件的差异，英语学习在低水平上仍呈“五彩缤纷”的态势。可以说学生“什么怪异的错误都会犯，也都敢犯”。所以，全部完成高中教材的教学任务的要求是相当难的。鉴于此，探索切实可行且符合学生实际的校本教材有着非常重要的意义。笔者根据自己的教学实践及体验，认为衔接校本教材在一中学校的贯彻及实施，不但有理论意义，更有深远的实践意义，对学校的长远发展是必不可少的。
三．教学衔接
高中英语的教学内容，词汇量较初中时急剧加大。让初入高中的学生很难适应。做好教学衔接能帮助学生很快适应繁重的学习任务，调整学习方法，进入学习状态。要使初高中两者“无缝对接”“平稳过渡”，笔者认为，在这一阶段应做好以下几点：
1.认识上的衔接
在以往的教学中，高一新生及家长对高中的学习成绩总感到很郁闷。他们认为自己（的孩子）在初中的时候英语学习成绩还挺不错的，但是到高中以后，每次考试都达不到初中时的好成绩。因此，非常必要在教学中向学生指出并明确高中课程要求及初高中的差异。高中的知识点多，难度大，课程相对增多，学生的学习任务繁重，而对其他科目精力的分散也是导致学生成绩相对下降的一个原因。还要学生明白，高中教学的主要任务是为高等教育输送人才和培养社会需要的劳动者。学生必须在老师的指导下学会自主学习，合作探究。并利用课余时间，借助工具书及网络等学习资源，充分发挥自己的积极主动性来解决问题。教师在教学中是引领作用，为学生适时点拨疑难，培养他们自主学习和创新的能力，改变初中生学习上的依赖性，形成有效的学习策略，从而顺利过渡。
2.知识上的衔接
在一中学校，学生初中底子差导致高中英语学习步履艰难。看到高中教材中的大篇幅的阅读文章和单词表中密密麻麻的新单词，有些学生就望而生畏，兴趣大减。读英语书就像是“瞎子看照片”，太没感觉了。因此，给高一新生做好知识衔接，“摔在哪里就从哪里爬起”，帮助他们复习初中知识，帮助学生巩固语音，词汇，句子结构等基本知识是教学中很重要的环节。
一．语音教学衔接
&高中英语是初中英语学习的延续和提高。初中英语注重口语及交际教学，教学重点在于英语口语及句型的运用。口头的东西多，而书写的少。所以学生能模仿出发音，但是不懂语音知识。48个国际音标的概念很模糊。记忆单词还是处于记忆字母的状况。很难应对高中英语词汇量加大的要求。学生不会自己拼读单词，不会运用读音记单词，给老师的英语教学带来很多的负担。就是单词的教学花掉的时间太多，影响英语教学的进程。我们知道，语音是读的基础。根据我校学生的实际，从48个国际音标入手，教会学生读，拼单词，同时加上音节，辅音连缀，失去爆破，重音，清辅音浊化等读音规则，反复练习，在练习中通过观察，归纳总结单词的发音及拼写规则，打破哑巴英语，提高单词记忆的速度和质量，为进一步学习打好基础。
48个英语音标犹如60个汉语拼音，只要学生熟练地掌握了它们，对学习英语的作用是相当大的。
教国际音标
目的：让学生系统、熟练地掌握英语音标。这个掌握，就是要达到能读、能默写，为后面学单词时随时用，随时拿得出作准备。
教学过程：
（1）单元音：①／i:／／u:／／ɔ:／／ə:／／a:／／u／／ə／／ʌ／／&／／ɔ／／e／／i／
（2）双元音：①／ai／／ei／／au／／əu／／ɔi／／iə／／uə／／εə／
（1）辅音总数：／b／、／p／、／m／、／f／、／v／、／d／、／t／、／n／、／ŋ／、／l／、／g／、／k／、／h／、／dʒ／、／tʃ／、／ʒ／、／v／、／dr／、／ts／、／s／、／w／、／z／、／l／、／j／、／w／、／dr／、／tr／、／r／
（2）辅音的分类
①清浊成对的：
清：／p／／t／／k／／f／／θ／s／／w／／tʃ／ts／／tr／
浊：／b／／d／／g／／v／／&／／z／／ʒ／／dʒ／／dz／／dr／
②单干户（即不成对的辅音）
／m／／n／／ŋ／／l／
／r／／h／／j／／w／
记成：三个鼻音（／m／、／n／、／ŋ／）、／l／、／r／和（即／h／）／j／、／w／
（1）／p／／b／／t／／d／／g／／k／／f／
／v／／θ／／&／／s／／z／／ʃ／／ʒ／／r／／h／
／tʃ／／dʒ／／ts／／dz／／tr／／dr／
记成：爆破、摩擦、破擦、前3对、中5对（添上／r／、／h／）、后3对
（2）／m／／n／／ŋ／／l／／j／／w／
记成：三个鼻音，一个边音（l），两个半元音（／j／、／w／）
（1）清辅音：／p／、／t／、／k／、／f／、／ʃ／、／s／、／w／、／tʃ／、／ts／、／tr／，再加上／r／、／h／，合计12个。
（2）浊辅音：／b／、／d／、／g／、／v／、／&／、／z／、／ʒ／、／dʒ／、／dz／、／dr／再加上／m／、／n／、／ŋ／、／l／、／j／、／w／合计16个。
老师讲分类的作用：
1、记住清辅音，对名词变复数，动词变第三人称单数，动词的过去式的读音规则有极好的分辨作用。
2、了解爆破音，对读英语的失去爆破很有帮助。
目的：运用英语音标拼读单词，教学生自己拼读，并要拼得准确。
英语语音练习题&&&
比较下划线部分的发音
heart& &B.
hire& C. hour&
& D .human
hunt&&&&&&&
&A. finger& B.
think& &C.
language& &D.
3.& sorrow
notebook& &B. rope
&C. fond& D
4.& desert
honest& &B. survive
&C. error&
share&&&&&&
&&B. glare
&C. inspire&
&D. desire
6.& experience
exercise &B .explanation
&&C .experiment
7.& nature
natural& B. native C
.international D. adventure
consider&&&&&
A. combine &B. poison C.
total D. movement
question&&&&
A. emotion &B. situation
&C .suggestion &D.
information
10.& means
&wise &B. seize
&C. swallow &D.
creature&&&&
A. culture
desert &&C. actor
&&D. spirit
cloth&&&&&
&A. breathe
&&B .breath
&C. clothes
&&D. worthy
. industry& &B
.studio& &C.
cruelty &D .unfold
silver&&&&&
&A .director &B
.prize& &C. icy
&D. advice
peace&&&&&
A. leader &&B.
breast &&C. peasant
&D. pleasant
16.& include
pollution &&B.
publish &C. gun &D.
represent&&&
A. medal &B. prepare
&C .effect D. complete
point&&&&&&&
A. rank& &B.
think& &C .final
19. ancient
custom &&B. scene
&C. actress &D.
weight&&&&&&
A. height &B. seize
&C. ceiling
&&D. eight
21.& succeed
coffee &B. electricity
agree& &D. skip
measure&&&&
A. pleasure &&B.
peace &&C.
pleased& &D.
&A. official
&&B. office
&&C. organize
&&D. common
24.& reduce
rebuild &B. valuable
&C. particular &D.
opportunity
package&&&
&A. apology &B.
struggle &C. globe
musical&&&
&A. whisper &B.
slave &C. desire&
&D. universal
instrument&&&
A. industry &B. dust
&C. unhappy &D.
28.& character
&&A. chance
&B. headache &C.
choice& &D.
29.& shoulder
&&A. should
&B. could &C. would
30.& village
character &B. variety
&C. valuable
&&D. habit
opinion&&&&
&A. conclusion &B.
stomach &C. nod
&A. pace &B. major
&C. national D. nation
33.& chemical
Chinese &B. character
&C. cheek &D.
unite &B. mixture
&C. island &D.
&&B. plenty
young& &D. July
&&A. conclusion
&B. shock &C.
beside &D. positive
although&&
&A. salt &B. chalk
handkerchief&&&
&A. handsome &B.
standard &C. splendid
&D. president
&&A. build
&C. refuse &D.
&A. blood&
&A. admire &B. fire
&C. declare &D.
42.&& mean
meant &B. pleasant
&C. dead &D.
&A. voyage &B. face
&&C. paragraph D.
44.& agriculture
&&A. future &B.
centre& C. dormitory D. debt
45.& honest
hardship &B. forehead
&C. handkerchief &D.
&A. wisdom &B.
golden &C. discovery
47.& couple
doubt &B. mouth&
&C. double &D.
certain&&&&
&A .daughter&
&B. persuade&
&C. percent&
&D. perfectly
&A. &practice
&B. houses
exist& &D.
exist&&&&&
&A. exercise
&&B. explain
&C .excuse&
&D. example
unless &B. uncle&
&C. unite&
&D. unusual
52.&manage
message &B. crazy
&C. translate
&&D. narrow
53.&gently&&&&
A. garage &&B.
general &C. grasp
answer &B. handbag
&C. announce &D.
office &&B. offer
&D. operation
keys：1—10 CDCAB CBACA 11-20 ABDAA AACDD
21-30 CAADA CDBDA& 31-40 ACBBD
41-50 CDAAB
ACDBD&& 51-55 DABDC
二．词汇教学衔接
初高中教材对词汇的要求不同，初中阶段英语教学要求学生掌握约1500生词，而进入高中以后，要求词汇量达到，因此巩固扩大学生的词汇量是完成初高中衔接的关键一步。首先要帮助学生突破语音关，增强他们的词汇学习能力。不少学生不具备自学词汇的能力，根本就不懂音节和字母组合读音规则，所以要从26个字母的发音开始，系统地复习语音规则。其次，为了扩大和巩固学生的词汇量，在日常教学中除了坚持每周对每一个单元的生词和短语进行1-2次听写外，还应做到以构词法为主线，拓宽词汇；以词义辨析为主线，新旧结合，广泛联想；要求每个学生收集在学习过程中遇到的生词并通过查词典、资料等方式弄懂意思加以记忆．我们在教学中要对一些词或词组进行有效的联系，通过分析、综合、对比、归纳等方法形成便于记忆的具有一定规律性的知识系统，从而帮助学生走好学习单词这一步，很快适应高中。英语学习．
１、运用构词法。构词法通常有转化、派生、后缀等。构词法可帮助学生掌握和扩充单词,如:rebuild,
rewrite, reread, reunite, recover, dislike, discover, disappear,
beautiful, successful, careful, useful, wireless, hopeless,
homeless等许多单词。转化法则可以帮助学生扩大词汇的使用功能,如map, inch, head, dirty, warm,
cool等名词、形容词均可以转化为动词使用。合成法也可以帮助学生掌握诸classmate, classroom, football,
volleyball, baseball等大量单词。为此,在词汇教学中,我们必须向学生介绍构词法的基本知识。
２、 同族词联系
&同族词又称同根同源词，是指词根相同的一类词。不论从形式上还是从意义上，它们之间都有一定的联系。只要先掌握词根，加以对比，既能提高记忆单词的效率，又能进一步构成新词，扩大词汇量。掌握了词根就等于掌握了打开整个英语词汇库的金钥匙！词义相关联系即由一个词而联想到它在意义上有关联的其它词。这种由此及彼，由表及里的延伸或扩散能活跃学生思维，激发学习兴趣，让学生展开想象的翅膀，达到复习巩固并扩大英语词汇的目的。有时给学生的词汇联想加以提示、引导，如让学生提出与该中心名词有关联的形容词或动词．
３、采用对比法进行词汇教学
&英语中有许多词形、词义相近的单词,教学过程中对词形相近的词进行对比对于学生正确使用单词很有好处。如form,
advice, hard, & invent,
decide, choose,
choice等许多单词常被学生混淆,及时加以对比就可以帮助学生加深认识它们之间的差别,避免用错写错单词。对常用的同义词或词组,如divide,
separate, say, speak, tell, join, run
out, run out of等应该及时帮助学生弄清楚它们之间的异同点,以便他们在实际运用中能正确使用。 　
４、在语境中进行词汇教学
&所谓语境指的是上下文,即词,短语,语句或篇章及其前后关系。要有效地掌握词汇,就应该将词汇与句子、语篇结合起来。我们都明白学习词汇的目的是要掌握词义,词的搭配和用法,用词语造句表达思想。从使用词汇的角度看,词语连成句子或连成话语,才能实现其表达思想的交流功能。在课文教学过程中,把词汇与句子,语境结合起来,应该多让学生自己造句,掌握词的用法。在词汇与句子结合的基础上,我们还应该将词汇、句子与语篇相结合,进一步扩大词汇的交流功能。将词汇与句子,语篇相结合,不仅能帮助学生巩固词汇,而且能提高学生学习词汇的兴趣,发展他们运用语言的能力,达到学好英语的目的。
５、及时复习,及时巩固。在词汇教学中,要组织学生及时复习,以便及时强化,加深理解,巩固所学单词。复习要注意经常性．复习形式多样化．如通过归类复习,同义、反义复习,采用听写、单词游戏、单词竞赛、讲故事、唱英语歌曲等等。
词汇练习题：用适当的单词形式填充:
1. The ____(headmaster) is giving a talk on the
latest _____ (develop) of
our school, isn’t she?
&2. The manager was amazed at the _______(absent)
of his _____&& (assist).
&3. In _____(add), I did it just for
_______(amuse).
&4. Mike made a ______ (decide) to travel to
________(French)&& for
&5. The plan has been under ______ (discuss) by
the _____ (engine) for a year now.
&6. Both of the ______(cook) are of the same
________ (weigh).
&7. The policeman &tried to show
his ______ (kind) to those _____
&& (Italy).
&8. My ____ (know) of ______(electric) is
&9. The _____ (waiter) called Jenny is the same
______(high) as you.
10. The ____(city) are all pleased with this _____(advise).
11. The ____(fish) has got a coin
______(collect).
12. All the _____(graduate) can’t afford such a big
______&& (expensive).
13. The ______(govern) is taking actions to promote
international&&
___(friend).
14. The _____(cycle) made a good
_____(begin)&& in the race.
15. The _____(chemical) teacher has a
______(calculate)&& in his
16. Then the _________(detective) went to the
_______(check)&& to pay the
17. There is no _______ (choose) for you before
_________(honest).
18. The room is ________(crowd) and full of _______(active).
19. The _____(conduct) led the _____(passage) to the
&& _______ (enter).
20. The ______ (male) judge showed her ability in the case of ___
21. For me, to watch _____(perform) is the best way
of _____&& (relax).
22. He made a __________(speak) on ________(important) of
English&& study.
23. His ______(invent) is no use to our ____(message).
24. The _________ (visit) is one of the greatest ___
(invent)&& in the world.
25. ______ (Recite) is necessary for ______(review).
26. The _____ (science) is fond of Chinese
_______(paint).
27. The _____(tour) carried the boy to ______(safe) at last.
28. He made a ____ (suggest) about fighting ______ (pollute).
29. It’s a ______(please) to receive such an ___
30. This is a sort of ______(busy) ______(organize).
31. The _______ (serve) also included the
arrangements of ____&&
32. You never make sure of the _____ (locate) of the next
33. I can hardly describe the ______(wise) of the
____(win).
34. The pilot cancelled the _______ (fly) because of his
___& (tooth).
35. What’s the ____(different) between the two sorts of
_____&& (free)
36. Besides _______(national), here is some more
_______(inform)
&& about him.
37. I was surprised at the _____ (long) of the _______(roast)
38. All the ___ (act) and the ______(act) were walking from
&& the stage.
39. They were all _______(excite) by the _____ (excite) film.
40. The fish is ____(live). It’s a ______(live) fish.
41. They were truly ______(frighten) by the ____
(frighten)&& aliens.
42. Rivers can be ______ (freeze) in ___ (freeze) weather.
43. The story is ______(fun). Actually, it’s the
____(fun)story I’ve ever heard.
44. I’m ______ (interest) in _____ (interest) games.
45. The news was _____(surprise), and I was much
____ (surprise) at it.
46. It’s __ (rain) today, and you ought to be _____(care)
&& while riding.
47. They were all ______ (satisfy) with such an ____(enjoy)
&& autumn outing.
48. One day I saw a _____(home) cat beside the ______ (wood)
49. I think not __________________(West) but Chinese music full of
__________________
&& (wonder) melody.
50. The weather is ______(change) during the
_____(snow)&& season here.
51. Li lei tried hard _____(work) out the
52. Would you please ______(not turn) on the
53. Do you find it easy _____ (ride) a bike?
54. English is ______(use) than Maths.
55. Yesterday it rained as ______(heavy) as it is
56. Who runs ______(slow) in your class? ---- Wei
Fang _____(do) . She runs _______(slow) than any other student in
the class.
57. It takes me half an hour _____(go) home every
58. It is difficult _____(learn) English well.
59. You must finish _____(do) your homework next
60. _______(drink) milk is good for your
61. The boy is old enough _____(go ) to school.
62. If you want to be ______(thin ) and
(healthy)______. You have to eat ______(little) food.
63. Is there ______(something) wrong with your
64. I will try ______(not be) late for school.
65. If you go soon., you ______(be)late.
66. He couldn’t sleep _____(good) last night.
67. My mother doesn’t feel like _____(drink)
68. I will call you as soon as she ______(come)
69.． This isn't take－away food． It is home
________(cook)．
70． Either my father or I ________(work) on a farm
this week．
71.． My sister does some ________(run) every
morning, so she is very healthy．
72． They were on ________ way to school when it
began to rain．(they)　
73． It's not far from here． It' about three
________ walk．(minute)
74． Hurry up! I don't want any of you to
get________． (lose)
75． Our English teacher is always very ________ to
us． (friend)
Keys（略）
三．句子结构教学
鉴于初中英语英语要求，在教学中对于句子结构的分析较浅．进入高中后教师发现大部分学生都不能认清句子结构．尤其是模块1和2的重点语法是定语从句。定语从句的考点是先行词。决定先行词的重点之一是它在从句中所作的成分。由于句子结构知识的缺乏致使学生在高一英语起始阶段没办法奠定好基础。相当多的学生就此对英语丧失兴趣，“一蹶不振”。学生记住了单词却不懂词性，找不到先行词，也很难判断先行词在从句中的成分．提起分析句子成分，学生感到很困难．据调查，学生困难的主要原因是句子成分概念在母语中就没有建立起来，对于主谓宾定状补根本不懂。相当多的学生甚至还问：名词能作主语？…....师头疼的就是高一的定语从句教学了．学生记忆olicem因此，做好句子成分教学，给学生形成定语，状语，补语及其在句子中位置的概念。从简单的分析起步，逐步复习并列句，状语从句及宾语从句等。为学习定语从句打下基础。并且做好句子结构的分析练习也是是搞好初高中英语教学衔接的关键一步。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the
east.&&&&&&&&&
（名词）&&
&&&&（代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history.
&Seeing is
believing.&&
&&（动名词）&&&&&&
To see is to believe.&
&&&&&&&&&（不定式）
What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and
tall like a tree. &（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
English.&&&&&&&&
asleep.&&&&
3.表语（predicative）:
系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
teacher.&&&
&（名词）&&&&&&&&&&
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）
Five and five is ten.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&（形容词）&
His father is in.
&&&&（副词）&&&&&&&&
The picture is on the
wall.&&&&&&
( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&（形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say
“I’m poor, I can’t buy a
ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will
&&&&&&&&&&&&（表语从句）
（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）,
feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）,&
feel（感觉） ...
&It sounds a good
idea.&&&&&&&&&&&&&
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds
sweet.&&&&&&&&&&&
Tom looks thin.
The food smells
delicious.&&&&&&&&&&
The food tastes good.
The door remains
open.&&&&&&&&&&
&Now I feel tired.
1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China.
（名词）&&
&&He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
We should help the old and the
I enjoy working with you.
&（动名词）
I hope to see you again.
&（不定式）&
&Did you write down what he
said? （宾语从句）
&2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the
snake?&&&&&
& Under the snow, there are
many rocks.
&3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book
yesterday.&&&&&
&Give the poor man some
5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor.&
&We all think it a pity that
she didn’t come here. （名）
We will make them happy. （形容词）
We found nobody in. &( 副词
&Please make yourself at
home. 介词短语）
Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a
lesson. （带to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）
&I’ll have my bike
repaired. （过去分词）&
6.主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected
monitor.&&&&&&&&&&&&
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry
teacher.（名词）&
He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third
world.&& （数词）
&He was advised to teach the
lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old
friend.(副词)&
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.
The boys playing football are in Class
2.&& （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well
（过去分词）&&&
I have an idea to do it
well.&&&&&
（不定式）
You should do everything that I
（定语从句）
7.状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or
句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。&&
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
I will go there
tomorrow.&&&&&&&&&&&&
The meeting will be held in the meeting
The meat went bad because of the hot
weather.&&
&He studies hard to learn
English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the
I like some of you very
much.&&&&&&&&
If you study hard, you will pass the
He goes to school by
bike.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Though he is young, he can do it
简单句的五个基本句型
1、主语＋不及物动词&&&&&
She came．/ My head
2、主语＋及物动词＋宾语&&&&&
She likes English.
3、主语 ＋ 系动词&&
＋表语&&&&
&She is happy．
＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语&&
She gave John a book．
She bought a book for me.
5、主语 ＋ 宾补动词& ＋&
宾语& ＋& 宾语补语
She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the
6、（ There +be
There lies a book on the
Exercises&&&&&&&&&&&
分析下列句子成分
1. Our school is not far from my
home.&&&&&&&&&
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with
3. All of us considered him
honest.&&&&&&&&
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports
5. He broke a piece of
glass.&&&&&&&&&
6. He made it clear that he would leave the
7. ---I love you more than
her，child
8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door
open.&&&&&&&&&
10. Grandma told me an interesting story last
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his
friends.&&
12.All the students think highly of his
13. We need a place twice larger than this
14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous，help
yourself to what you like．
16.We will make our school more
beautiful.
17. He didn't come．That is why he
didn't know．
18. She showed us her many of her
pictures.&&&
19. The old man lives a lonely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen
in the center of town.
21. The cars made in Japan are better than those
in Germany．
22. There are so many people in the hall that
it's hard for me to find him．
23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we
must fulfil it this month.
24. Go back where you came
from.&&&&&
25. We must do whatever the people want us to
26. At last he got home, tired and
hungry.&&&&&
27. Would you please pass me the cup?
28 Mary handed her homework to the
teacher.&&
29. Do you know the latest news about
30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.
主谓结构& （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）
1．你应当努力学习。&&&&&
2．她昨天回家很晚。 &&
3．那天早上我们谈了很多。&&&&
4．会议将持续两个小时。
5．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。&
6．这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。
7．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。&&&&&
8．每天八时开始上课。&&&&&&&&
9．这个盒子重五公斤。
10.五年前我住在北京。
主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语& ）
1．昨晚我写了一封信。
2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。&&&&&&&
3．这本书他读过多次了。&&&&
4．他们成功地完成了计划。
5．你们必须在两周内看完这些书。&&&&
6．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
7．我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。
还不会自己穿衣服。&&&&&&&
9．我们大家都相信Jack
是一个诚实男孩。&&&
10．他不知道说什么好。
主系表结构 （主语 ＋系动词＋表语 ）
1．我的兄弟都是大学生。&&&&&
2．& 冬季白天短，夜晚长。
3．布朗夫人看起来很健康。&
4．十五岁时他就成为有名的钢琴家了。&&&
5．孩子们，请保持安静。&&&&&
6． 这本书是有关美国历史的书。
7．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。&&&&&
8．他失业了。&&&
9．树叶已经变黄了。&&&&&&
10．这个报告听起来很有意思。
双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ）
1．Johnson
先生去年教我们德语。&&
2． 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3．Mary把钱包交给校长了。&&
4．请把那本字典递给我好吗？
5．他把车票给列车员看。
6． 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。
7． 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。&
8．Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。
9．请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？&&
10．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
复合宾语结构 （主语＋动词＋宾语 ＋宾语补足语 ）
1．我们叫她Alice.&&&&&&&
2．他的父母给他取名为John.
3．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。&&&
4．他们把门推开了。
5．他们把小偷释放了。&&&&&
6．我们要使学校变得更美丽。
7．他请我们参加做游戏。&&&&&
8．我要你把真相告诉我。
9．卫兵命令我们立即离开。&&&&
10．明天我要找人来修理机器。
11．每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。&
12．痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
13．我们不会让她在晚上外出的。&&&
14．他每个月理一次发。
15．我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。&
16．那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了
17．她正在听人家讲故事。&&&&&
18．男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。
19．我从来没看见这个字这样用过。&&&
20．他感到很难跟你交谈。
21．我想乘船去那里更舒服些。&&&&
22．我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
23．学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。
24．我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
There be 句型
1．今晚没有会。&&&&&&
2．这个村子过去只有一口井。
3． 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。
4． 客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5．天气预报说下午有大风。&&&
6．灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
7．战前这儿一直有家电影院的。&&&
8． 恰好那时房里没人。
9．从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。
10．公共汽车来了。
11．就只剩下二十八美元了。&&&&
12．在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。
13．铃响了。&&&&&&&&
14．二月份有二十八天。
分析下列句子成分
＋系动词＋表语&&
2. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语&
3. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语&
主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语&&&
主语＋及物动词＋宾语&&&&
6. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语 it＋ 宾语补足语+宾语
7. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语
＋系动词＋表语&&
9. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语&&&
11. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
12 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语
主语＋及物动词＋宾语&&&&
14. 主语 ＋动词
＋宾语＋宾语补足语&&
＋系动词＋表语&&&&
16. 主语 ＋动词
＋宾语＋宾语补足语&&&&
＋系动词＋表语&&&&
18. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
主语＋不及物动词&&&&&
主语＋不及物动词&&
＋系动词＋表语&&&&
＋系动词＋表语&&&
主语＋及物动词＋宾语&&&&
24. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
主语＋及物动词＋宾语&&&&
主语＋不及物动词&&&
27. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语&
主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语&&&&
主语＋及物动词＋宾语&&&&
30. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
主谓结构& （
主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）
1&& You should
study hard.
2.& &She went
home very late yesterday evening.
morning we talked a great deal.
meeting will last two hours.
5.&& Great
changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten
6.& Things of that sort are
happening all over the world every day.
7.& The May Fourth Movement
broke out in Beijing in 1919.
8.& Classes begin at eight
every day.
9.& This box weighs five
10.& I lived in Beijing five
years ago.
主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋ 及物动词
＋宾语& ）
1& .I wrote a letter last
2& .I want to talk with you
this afternoon.
3& .He has read this book many
4.& They have carried out the
plan successfully.
5.& You must finish reading
these books in two weeks.
6.& That gentlemen can speak
three languages fluently.
7.& I received a letter from my
pen friend in Australia.
8& .Jim cannot dress
9& .All of us believe that Jack
is an honest boy.
10.& He did not know what to
主系表结构 （主语 ＋
系动词&& ＋主语补语
brothers are all college students.
&In winter, the days are short and the
nights are long.
3 &&Mrs. Brown
looks very healthy.
4& At the age of fifteen he
became a famous pianist.
5 &&Children,
keep quiet please.
6 &This book is about the
history of the United States.
7& Her job is to look after the
children in the nursery.
8& He is out of work.
9& The leaves have turned
yellow. 10The report sounds interesting.
双宾语结构 （主语 ＋ 双宾动词
＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 ）
1& Mr. Johnson taught us German
last year.
2&& Grandma
told me an interesting story last night.
handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.
4& Would you please pass me the
dictionary?
5& He showed the ticket to the
conductor.
6& This term I have written
three letters to my parents.
7& My father has bought me a
8& Robinson Crusoe made himself
9& Will you please get me a new
10 &Shall I call you a
复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋
＋& 宾语补语 ）
1.& We call her
Alice.&&&&&&
2.& His parents named him
3.& All of us considered him
honest.&&&&
4.& They pushed the door
5.& They have set the thief
6.& We will make our school
more beautiful.
7.& He asked us to join in the
8.& I want you to tell me the
9.& The guards ordered us to
leave at once.&&
10.&& Tomorrow
I’ll have someone repair the machine.
11.&& Every
morning we hear him read English aloud.&
12.& The pain made him cry
13.&& We won’t
let her go out at
14.&& He has
his hair cut once a month.
15.&& I’ll get
my recorder
mended.&&&&
16.& The terrible sound made
the children frightened.
17.&& She is
listening to someone telling
stories.&&
18.& The boys were watching the
soldiers drilling.
19.& I have never seen the word
used that way before.
20.&& He felt
it very difficult to talk with you.
21.&& I think
it more comfortable to go there by ship.&
consider it possible to work out the problem in another
23.& The school made it a rule
that the students should stand up when class begins.
thought it no use talking with that man
There be 句型
1.& There isn’t going to be a
meeting tonight.
2.& There was only a well in
the village.
3.& There is (are) a teacher of
music and a teacher of art in the school.
4.& Among the guests there were
two Americans and two Frenchmen.
5.& The weatherman says
there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 6
6.& The light is on. There must
be someone ion the office.
7.& There used to be a cinema
here before the war.
8.& There happened to be nobody
in the room.
9.& Once, there lived an old
fisherman in a village by the sea.
10.& There comes the
11.& There remained just
twenty-eight dollars.
12.& In front of the cave,
there stands(grows) a tall pine tree.
13.&& There
goes the bell.
14.& There are twenty-eight
days in February
四．阅读衔接教学
在初中，由于课时较充足，教师对于课文和阅读材料有时间进行透彻讲解，反复强调重难点。在进行阅读检测时，所选材料相对较简单，且所占分值也不是很多。因此，学生不注重独立思考和对规律的归纳总结。到了高中，因为内容多，时间少，教师不可能对课文或阅读材料讲全讲细，只能讲一些具有典型性的题目。因此，高中学习要求学生勤于思考，善于归纳。为了使学生尽快从初中应试英语转到高中实用英语上来，高中英语阅读教学不仅要教会学生理解所学的阅读材料，而且还要教会学生怎样理解阅读材料，即对学生进行阅读方法的指导和阅读技能的训练，既重视对学生基础语言知识、基本语言技能的培养，更关注他们处理信息的过程和发展相关信息的能力，从而逐步培养学生阅读理解的能力。教学中重视帮助学生解决文章中词汇、句法的障碍，以及对篇章结构、主旨大意把握的困难，从东西方文化对比的角度分析一些具有文化内涵的词、句和典故等，以增加学生的文化背景知识，达到提高阅读能力的目的。因此，老师必须在教学中多指导学生阅读技巧：
1．鼓励大胆猜词，培养猜测词义的能力。
高考试题允许有3﹪不注汉语的生词，这就要求教师在平时指导学生时，应告诉他们，如遇到生词，切勿惊慌，只要抓住一定的线索，运用一定的方法，就可以猜出并加以理解。猜词的方法多种多样，可根据构词法知识、定义或解释说明来猜测词义，也可根据对比关系、因果关系以及上下文暗示来猜测词义。
2. 理清难句、长句结构，巧解深层次题目。
近几年，高考阅读理解的趋势之一就是难句增多。难句一般是长句和省略句，长句一般是并列句、复合句。难句和长句往往令考生望而生畏。因此，平时要注意教学生如何剖析难句结构，培养学生理清其基本结构和各语段之间关系的能力，在分层理解内容的基础上整合全句词义，理解全文。
3．把握结构脉络，理解文章寓意。
把握文章的结构脉络，就是根据文体的特点，理清作者的行文线索，抓住线索串联的主要事实，归纳概况文章的主旨大意。在指导学生进行语篇理解阅读的过程中，指导学生根据字面意思或隐含信息去推敲作者的言外之意，理解文章的整体寓意。
&高中英语教材侧重培养学生的阅读理解能力，这是我国基础教育阶段英语教学的重要目的之一。再者，阅读理解试题在历年高考英语试卷中占很大比例，分值约占总分的三分之一。因此，做好初、高中英语阅读衔接的有效教学就是借助课文来提高学生的阅读速度、阅读理解能力和语言水平。
阅读下面短文，从文后各题的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Why do we count things in group of ten? The
reason (原因) is that we have ten fingers. Long
1)_____, when people had to count a lot of things, they matched
them against their (2)_____. First they counted out enough objects
to match the fingers of (3)_____ and then put them (4)_____ in one
group. (5)_____ there were more than ten, they formed more groups.
We can call our numbers “two-handed” numbers, because they
developed from the (6)_____ that people counted things on two
(7)_____.Some people had “(8)_____ numbers”, too. Because there are
five fingers on one hand, they counted things out in groups of
five. It was (9)_____ by Romans (罗马人) who lived
in Italy over 2000 years ago. We call their
(10)_____ numbers Roman numerals and we use them
even today. In Roman numerals, “Ⅰ” stands for one,
and “V” stands for five. Six, the Romans wrote
“VI”.(12)_____ people counted objects in groups of
12. We 13)_____ use the 12-in-one-group
system(系统) for telling time with a clock. We count
the (14)_____ from one to twelve and then start
15)_____ one again.
1. A. time
&&&&&&&&&&B.
&&&&&&&&&&C.
before&&&&&&&&&&
&D. time before
2. A. numbers
&&&&&&&&C.
&&finders&&&&&&&&&
3. A. all hands
both hands
either hand
&&&&&&&&&&&B.
&&&&&&&&&&C.
&&&&&&&&&&D.
&&&&&&&&&&&&B.
&&&&&&&&D.
6. A. idea
&&&&&&&&&&B.
&&&&&&&&&&&C.
fact&&&&&&&&&&&&
7. A. ways
&&&&&&&&&B.
&&&&&&&&&C.
&&&&&&&&&&D.
one-hand&&&&&
two-handed&&&&&
C. ten-in-all
&&&&&&&&D.
9. A. discovered
&&&&&&&&&&C.
taken&&&&&&&&&&
10. A. old
&&&&&&&&&&&B.
&&&&&&&&C.
counting&&&&&&&&&
D. one-to-ten
11. A. Count
&&&&&&&&&B.
&&&&&&&&&D.
In order to write
12. A. Few
&&&&&&&&&&B.
&&&&&&&&&C.
&&&&&&&&D.
Very often
13. A. still
&&&&&&&&&&&B.
&&&&&&&&&&&&D.
have stopped to
14. A. numbers
&&&&&&&&&C.
&&&&&&&&&&&D.
15. A. with
&&&&&&&&&&&B.
&&&&&&&&&&&C.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D.
Just over six months ago, I saw an advertisement
in a morning newspaper for a set of the complete works
(全集) of William Shakespeare. Your company offered
this set at a low price: 15 pounds and 50 pence. I had wanted a set
of Shakespeare's plays and poems or some time, so I sent for
them. Two weeks later, the books arrived, together with a
set of the works of Charles Dickens which I had
not&wanted. So I returned the Dickens' books to
you. Two more weeks passed. Then there arrived a second set of the
works of Shakespeare, the same set of Dickens’ books and a set of
the plays of Moliere, in French. I do not read French, and they
were not useful at all, so I wrote to you. You did not
answer that letter. Instead you sent me a bill for 42 pounds and a
set of the plays of Schiller, in German. I have no room for any
more books, and I have no time to read them all. Please send
no more books, no more bills and no more angry letters for payment.
Just send one large truck and take all the books away,
leaving me only with the one set of the works of
Shakespeare
&for which I have
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Simon
根据书信内容，判断下列各句正（T）误（F）。
16. The advertisement in the morning
newspaper was for a set of the complete works of William
Shakespeare.
17. Mr. Walker wanted to order Dickens'
18. Two weeks later, he got the works of
19. The company wanted Simon to pay for
all the books.
20. Mr. Walker told them to take away all
the forks except Shakespeare's books.
CATV is a short way saying “community antenna
(公用天线) television”. But “ cabletelevision”
&is the name most people use. Cable television
allows viewers(观众)to receive
&TV programs that they can not
pick up with their ordinary antenna.
Television signals (信号) do not
follow the curve(曲线) of the earth. They travel in
straight lines in all directions. Signals from a TV station move
towards the horizon(水平线) and then go into space. If
you live only a few miles from a TV station, you may get a good
picture on your set. But if you live more than 50 miles from a
station, you may not get any pictured at all.
CATV began in 1948. People in places far from TV
stations had to pay for putting up high antennas. A community
antenna was usually placed on a hill, a mountain or on a high
tower. The antenna picked up TV signals and fed them into a small
local(当地的) station. From the station, thick wires
called cable ran out to nearby homes. Each person using the cable
paid a monthly charge(费用).
CATV worked well, and soon new uses were found
for it. Local stations could feed programs into empty channels that
were not in use. People along the cable could have local news,
weather report, and farm and school news at no extra charge.
Today, cable television has moved into
cities. It brings in extra programs that city viewers with ordinary
antenna can not see. It is also used in many classrooms throughout
the country.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
21. From the first paragraph we know that
A. most people use cable
television&
B. “community antenna” is used for cable
television
C. a community antenna is used for cable
television
D. an ordinary antenna can not pick up TV
22. Of the following, which is not the
way TV signals travel?
A. In a curve.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.
In a straight line.
C. In all directions.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D.
Towards the horizon.
23. Cable TV is becoming more and more
popular because _____.
A. it is free of charge
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.
it provides all TV users good pictures
C. it only needs a bit of
cable&&&&&&&&&&
D. it can provide more programs
24. On the whole, this passage is about
A. how to put up high
antennas&&&&&&&&&&&
B. a way of picking up better TV
C. how to use the empty channels on your TV
D. the way that TV signals are sent
25. From the passage we can infer
(推测) that ______.
A. TV has begun to be used for educational
purpose(目的)
B. viewers can receive more TV programs with
their ordinary antennas
C. cable TV can not be used in small
D. antennas for cable TV are usually put up in
the center of a community
Finders Keepers?
Mel Kiser was driving along a busy highway in
Columbus, Ohio. He saw an armored truck (运钞车) and a
few cars ahead of him. Suddenly the doors of the armored truck
opened, and a blue plastic bag fell out of the truck. A car in
front of Mr. Kiser hit the bag. The bag ripped (撕破)
and money spilled out. Then another bag fell out of the truck, and
another. Money was flying everywhere. At first, drivers
thought the green papers on the highway were leaves. Then they
realized that the green papers were not leaves－they
were money! Drivers stopped their cars right in the middle of the
highway. People jumped out of their cars and began picking up
money. They were putting ten-, twenty-, and one-hundred-dollar
bills into their pockets. One man said, “Money, money, money! It's
all free! Grab some while you can!” Mr. Kiser also got out
of his car. He grabbed a plastic bag of money, put the bag in his
car, and drove away. Later Mr. Kiser counted the money. He
had $57,000. For the next two hours Mr. Kiser thought about the
money. He dreamed about spending it. He needed a new
furnace(火炉) for his house. He wanted to take a
vacation in Florida. But he decided to return the money. He drove
to the police station and gave the police the $57,000.
The armored truck company offered 10 percent
reward, so Mr. Kiser got a reward of 5,700. A few more people
returned money and got rewards, but over one million dollars were
still missing. Then a man telephoned the armored truck
company and aid, “I was, driving along the highway when I
saw the money. People were running everywhere. I had a camera in my
car and I took some pictures. Would you like the
pictures?”
“Yes!” answered the company. The company gave
the pictures to the police. The police looked closely at the
pictures. They looked at the cars, the license plates, and the
people's faces. They tried to find the people who had taken the
money, but they didn’t have much luck. One man telephoned a
Columbus newspaper. The man did not give his name. “I took two bags
of money,” he said. “I’m going to take the money and leave
Columbus. I have enough money for the rest of my
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
26. Mel Kiser was driving along a busy
highway when he saw ______.
A. a truck hit a blue plastic
B. three blue plastic bags fell out of the truck
one after another
C. a car hit the truck ahead of
him&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. someone was flying money
27. The drivers stopped suddenly in the
middle of the highway because _____.
A. there was a traffic accident ahead of
B. they didn’t believe the green papers were
C. they had grabbed some
money.&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. they wanted to pick up money
28. Mel Kiser needed a furnace, so
probably _____.
A. he was an honest man
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.
drivers liked furnaces
C. the weather is sometimes cold in Ohio
&D. it was easy to make money
in Columbus
29. If a man returned a million dollars
to the company, the company would pay him _____ dollars as a
A. one hundred
thousand&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&B. one thousand and one hundred
C. ten thousand and one hundred
&&&&&&&&&D.
ten hundred and one thousand
30. The police looked closely at the
pictures, but _____.
A. they did not realize that the money was
falling from the truck
B. the man who had taken the money did not give
C. they did not believe that the man would leave
D. they did not find the people who had taken
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