英国大学与美国大学招生有何不同？-樱知叶留学
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英国大学与美国大学招生有何不同？
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发布时间： 15:50
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导读：简单说，英国的大学更看重的是成绩，与中国接近，成绩基本决定了你上什么样的大学。但对于美国大学则不同。成绩的第一位的，是基础，但不是全部。
　 & 简单来说，英国的大学招生更看重的是成绩，与中国接近，成绩基本决定了你上什么样的大学。但美国大学则不同。美国大学招生，成绩是第一位、是基础的，但不是全部，尤其是对于前20名的名校。你的特色特质往往会起到决定性的意义，在中国，我们往往简单说成社会活动，实际不够准确。
　　因此，在中介的服务上，申请美国大学需要技术含量，中介所能发挥的作用可能会大一些，收费标准上，美国大学的费用高也在这里。但对于英国的学校，基本是流水线作业，费用就相对比较低。
　　美国大学看重什么?
　　虽然说学校好坏并不决定人生高低，但对于多数中国家长，更关心孩子申请的学校的排名，好坏。了解美国大学在录取时的基本思路，是我们为孩子谋求更好结果的关键。
　　美国学校看重的第一是成绩，那种以为美国大学讲多元评价，不看成绩的说法与想法是错误的，荒唐的。
　　成绩的构成，首先是中学的课业成绩，一般名校都需要GPA有3.9的水平。其次是SAT或ACT，即美国高考的成绩。一流名校需要有2200以上的水平。当然，因为我们是国际学生，还需要证明语言的托福成绩。一般名校要求大约在100以上。这个成绩是门槛性质的，达到最低要求即可。
　　不同中学的GPA含金量是不同的，美国大学很难分清，你可以讨巧，但你的GPA、SAT、托福都会形成一个有力的成绩链条，你也不必多虑，也没有那么多空子可钻。比如4.0的GPA，但sat只有1600，人家就知道这个GPA很水了。
　　因为中国式难题，美国的大学对于中国学生的GPA有一些质疑，因此，SAT、ACT等成绩的影响指数比美国本土孩子会更高一些。
　　第二，就是你的特色特质，或说体现孩子特色特质的活动或爱好。这是美国大学录取制度中与英国、中国等特别不一样的地方。
　　成绩与社会活动的辩证关系
　　二者的权重关系是这样：成绩是提前与基础，对于40名以后的学校，基本上以成绩为主判断，兼顾你的特色特质，社会活动。但对于一流学校，因为申请者成绩都很优秀，学校无从选择，这时学校就会重视你的特色，特质了，即你与别人不一样的地方，是否有很适合符合他们学校理念或专业特殊要求才能等。
　　在同等成绩下，如果你的特色或者特质突出，也更容易获得认可录取。
　　在这里想要强调的是，课内成绩是基础，没有SAT是可以申请美国大学的，但没有GPA是不可能的，GPA重考的可能性几乎没有，因此不要因为SAT考试等，荒废课内成绩，影响GPA，这样就影响了你的根本，本末倒置。
　　课外活动高大上才好吗?
　　作为国内学生的短板，课外活动在留学申请中不断提及。美国、加拿大等国家学生的课外活动经过了多年发展，从学校到社会组织都已经发展相对完善，而国内还处在起步阶段。大家不禁发问，课外活动要多高大上才能入得了招生官的眼?什么样的课外活动是切实有效的?
　　首先澄清一下，英国的学校，更多的是看你的成绩。美国的学校，尤其是名校，在你GPA达到要求的程度后，比如3.9,为了从优秀的学生中筛选出更好的，更符合他们要求的，就会看这个人的特点特质。
　　你的特点特质有多种渠道展示，比如坚持6年所做的一个小事情，公益项目，比如你的一个发明专利，专业研究成果甚至论文等等，如果这些与你所想报考的专业匹配，那就更好了。因此，我们不应该庸俗理解课外活动，明白其本质。绝不是什么高大上。只是想提醒一下，什么模拟联合国，什么支教等活动，已经泛滥了，也不一定适合你。
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京ICP证040069号 昌公网安备号 法律顾问：如题，美国高等大学教育是如何塑造培养学生的能力的，与国内有何不同？而这些所学的东西又是如何应用到美国的具体工作需求上的呢？在此感谢各位抽出时间作答。
谢谢邀请~其实回答这个问题感觉自己不很够资格，因为没有系统的作过研究什么的，而且优势这种东西，也是因人而异，我觉得是优势的地方别人可能觉得是劣势。 我只能根据我自己的经历谈一些我看到的情况和我自己的感受。 有错误的地方希望大家多多指证。先交代一下我自己的情况。我是在国内的某二本大学读了一年半，出国重新读的本科（没有转学分什么的）。现在在美国读书第三年，读的是公立大学，不属于top school，说出来谁都知道的学校，国际学生算比较多的。然后就是我认为的中美大学教育有哪些不同首先是形式上面的中国大学还是有班级的概念的，分学院，学员下面有系，专业，班。 我当时所在的学校每个班有一个班主任，有两个班助（一个大三一个大四）。 基本上班级是一个集体概念，比如参加运动会或者系里面有什么活动，大家会以班级出动。美国大学是没有班级的概念，有分专业，系，学院，但和国内不同的是，不会有系与系之间的联谊赛之类的。举个例子， 国内可能会颁奖XX系，最佳学生会组织奖，但美国是不会有这种概念的。专业，系，学院都只是学术上的划分，而不是一种可以让你有归属感的集体。（不知道说清楚了没有）。美国大学选课与国内大学选课也有所不同。美国大学的选课比国内大学更自由一点（可能国内院校现在有所改动，或者不同的大学不同。想要了解具体的还是去学校问比较好）。我当时所上的国内大学分必修课和选修课。必修课是没有选择的余地的，每个学期都有几门必修课，在特定的时间，特定的老师，一个班都是这个老师教，都在这个时间上同一节课。我印象中选修课选择也不是很多。美国大学也分必修课，选修课。但不同的是，每个专业的网站上会给你列出你要上的必修课，以新闻学院为栗子。学院要求是必修四门基础课，J110，J210，J300，J4XX，且要在高级写作课（总共大概有十几门）里面修两门，要在调查研究课（总共大概有8门）里面选一门修。高级写作和调查研究课也是必修的，但你有可以从一个pool里面去选择你感兴趣的课程去修，比如你可以修公关写作和 杂志写作。这些是必修课。每门课每个学期可能同时开三四节，由不同的教授在不同的时间授课，你可以选择教授，选择上课的时间。选修课可以选择的课程更多。选专业方面在国内选专业是高考之后报志愿时候你就要做的选择。有些大学应该是可以录取了之后再转专业的，但转专业应该比较难（我有个朋友在国内大学有转专业的经验，他是托了关系才转专业成功，我不知道是特例还是普遍情况）。在国外，很多学生申请的时候会申请General Study，在大学上一年以后再决定专业。你决定专业以后，要向该专业所属院系提出申请。排名问题（学生成绩的排名，不是学校排名，国外的学校排名比国内学校排名要更为清楚）感觉国内大学还是有排名的概念的，而国外是完全没有排名的概念的。课程的评分我的个人感觉是，国内大学的课程大部分是以期中考试期末考试成绩为最后总的课程成绩。但国外大学不同的课程评分的方式不同。 举个例子，某课要完成3个Project，三个考试，3篇Paper。这节课的期末成绩的组成为，project 10% each, exam1&2 20% exam3 25%, paper1&2 5%， paper310%, attendence 5%. 除此之外还有extra credit的机会。接下来说以下教课的方面美国大学上课时候学生比较自由，除了个别老师特殊要求以外，学生是可以用Ipad，手提电脑做笔记的。可以吃东西，坐姿也是只要自己舒服就好。可以随时向老师提问，发表自己的观点。大部分的课是至少每周都有一个新的作业要交，每次上课前要有一定的阅读要读。美国的初高中教育是非常轻松的，大学时非常紧张和有压力的。国内大学的话，我很难评价。住宿方面 国内大学多部分是强制住宿，就是说你必须交宿舍费，虽然你可以夜不归宿。宿舍的住宿条件取决于学校，不过很少有双人或单人间。国外大学有一部分的学校是强制第一年住宿，之后可以选择住宿舍，学校公寓，住校外。有一部分是第一年来了就可以自由选择。宿舍以两人间和单人间居多，三人间和四人间有，但是少。我个人没听说过8人间或者6人间其他的国内大学我不清楚，但我当时上的大学男女是分宿舍楼的，男女生不可以随意窜楼。国外大学大多男女同楼，有些是男女分层，有些是男女同层（我大一的时候是住男女同层的，你知道半夜爬起来厕所看到一喝多了的男生在女厕里面坐着时啥感觉么 - -！）。 你可以往宿舍里面带任何人，可以在宿舍里开party。（当然不同学校对能不能在宿舍里喝酒有不同的要求）。+++++++++++++++能想到的就这么多+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++我个人觉得美国大学的教育优势有以下几个方面1 不会考试是没有关系的，只要你认真做作业，认真去上课，拿到B是有希望的。在国内大学的时候，一个学期只有两个时间段我会学习，期中考前三天和期末考前五天。在这边上大学，每天都要认真对待，就像我前面说的，一门课的成绩不知取决于考试成绩，还有你的出勤，小测验，project和paper。所以每天真的都很忙。 对我来说这是美国大学教育的优势，因为对我这种不用鞭子抽就不走的人，可以把知识学得更扎实，而不是快速记忆快速遗忘。2 美国大学教育比较鼓励学生表达自己的意见，独立思考。拿我自己的专业举例子，我这学期上一门新闻写作课，老师上课不会告诉你一个特定的题目然后告诉你怎么去写新闻稿，怎么去做采访找资料。老师会在课上拿某新闻报道作例子，讲解一片新闻报道中必须包含的一些方面，文章结构，说一下此报道为什么值得报道，为什么写得好等等。 你的作业是交一篇400字的新闻稿，随便你报道什么主题。你要自己去做背景调查，自己去选择自己要报道的东西，自己去找专家，当事人，法院等等地方。最后写出一篇自己的稿子。我个人觉得这是一种很好的教学方式。我对国内大学新闻专业的教学不太了解，就不妄加评价了。3 在美国大学，很多时候会有知名校友或者业界的知名人士来学校做讲座。 比如我们学院每年都会有Speaker Serie， 请三四个新闻界well respect的记者或者主播来演讲。（在此强推David Finkel的两本新书，thank you for your service& The good soliders，写得非常好~！）。 因此给学生提供了很多非常好的学习机会。一般，这些演讲人会到某些班里面讲一节课（取决于教课教授和演讲人的关系，因为是一个industry,大家都很熟什么的），所以学生有很多机会与这些人进行互动交流。4 因为选专业的自由程度，所以很多学生都是在上了一两年，甚至三年了才决定自己的专业。我觉得这一点非常得好，因为给了学生认真思考的机会。拿我自己作例子，我在国内的专业是机械设计及自动化。因为我高考后对专业没有任何观念，我不了解这个专业，只能看着名字听起来很帅就选了，对这个专业没有深入了解。我来美国以后一年才决定学新闻专业，在决定的时候我已经上了一节新闻的基础课，对于这个专业学什么，以后做什么有了一定的了解。我深深地喜欢这个专业，我对这个专业有热情，这会让我学的更认真，以后也更有可能找一份自己喜欢的工作。5 美国的大学，国外交流项目非常多，可以交流一个暑期，一个假期，一年。有不同的项目，比如去学摄影，历史，艺术，绘画，新闻报道等等。我觉得人多走几个国家，多见识几种文化，对个人以后的发展是非常有帮助的6 当然不得不说的是 在美国上学，可以接触到另一种文化，另一种社会制度，另一种政治体系，另一种法制。 可以接触到各种有着不同三观的人。 刚来美国的我和现在的我看问题的角度，思维方式，对待女权，同性恋，性，等等方面的看法有了很大的改变。总的来说就是可以不断刷新你的三观。========================================================================暂时就想到这么多，以后想起来了继续吧。以上所有观点是基于我自己的个人经历，是个人观点，不具有普遍性。如果有说的错误的地方，请大家多多包涵并指正。
国内的大学学到的东西基本都是落后社会几年，有的甚至是十几年的，到了工作岗位你还得重新学习（假如在学校你没有自学的话），而美国正好相反，大学学到的东西到社会立刻就能用。
国内的大学学到的东西基本都是落后社会几年，有的甚至是十几年的，到了工作岗位你还得重新学习（假如在学校你没有自学的话），而美国正好相反，大学学到的东西到社会立刻就能用。
还有新闻梦想的新闻学子 IUB J school 荣誉出品在上过中国大学的外国学生眼里，外国大学和中国大学之间有哪些突出的不同？
引用知友 @ 答《》——There's so many differences between American and Chinese colleges that the topic deserves it's own question.Here comes the question: In the eyes of American students who have studied in China, what are the most significant differences between American and Chinese colleges?
按投票排序
以下是Brain回答的翻译：谢邀。我看着这个问题想了一会，觉得在中美大学之间有太少概括性的东西可说了。这是因为美国的学校有不同规模：资金水平,基础设施，学生文化等等。我猜在中国的学校也有这样的差别。所以我在中国大学遇到的这些不同并不能代表真正意义上的中美大学的区别，但却是我亲身经历的，一个是我的母校，一个是我在中国就读的大学之间的区别。我决定不写出来我就读的学校名称。因为我想让我所阐述的更具有普遍性，而不至于过于特殊。只能说我读的中国大学是排行前五的学校。嗯，那下面就是我从2009年9月到2010年七月间留学中国的观察和经历。学习英语我能在中国的大学里看到很多勤奋得令人吃惊的孩子，学英语的人无处不在：有第一节课之前在看台上背英文文章的，有在去餐厅路上听GRE词汇的，还有吃饭只花20分钟不到之后得以杀进图书馆抢位的。这些学生们在英语上花费的精力和毅力会使他们记住成千个牛逼的单词，日复一日，令我望而生畏。某种程度上，我的英语优势会被抵消掉。每当我想表达点复杂的东西，我就不得不用英语来说，而总会有人能帮我翻译出来我想说的话。我觉得这种口译对一门外语最真实牢靠的检测了，而他们做到了。与之相比，在我的美国大学里，学习就是一种得到分数的方式。那些天赋异禀的孩子会专注于他们自己的研究项目，我们都认同[做比认识更深刻]我的美国同学很少为标准化考试做准备，哪儿跟中国学生似的。多数美国学生把标准化测试，比如SAT，GRE，只是当作一个能力测验。他们会“复习”，但他们得到的分数是对一般性知识的反映。在美国不存在着重学习某种考试然后想着怎么利用考试的特点来提高分数的情况。实际上这么做的人会被鄙视，因为这样对提高一个学生的综合水平毫无益处。嗯，另一方面，我在中国的时候，听到有人说中国大学生压根不怎么学习。很明显，因为高考已经干掉了太多有潜力的学生，所以出现了[只要从名校毕业就有工作保障]的这种观念。我听说这些学生整天看电视，或者看网络小说或者打DOTA……我没碰到这样的学生，但，如果中国有这样的问题，同样，美国大学同样面临着这样的问题。数学谁去看看SAT数学部分的题就知道美国的初高中数学有多简单了。我读本科工程学，在中国的一整年里面，从第四个月开始，我发现语言的困难在代数和微积分面前压根不算事。我同学能把部分分式和三角函数当两位数的加减乘除算，他们可以笔算（甚至心算，靠）然后比我用这个TI-89计算器还快.（没错我们在高中就用这玩意。嗯它是3D绘图的，它可以做微分，积分，以及计算任何统计类估算，你甚至可以编程出一个游戏玩加载到上面玩。）因为工科的课程全世界都教差不多的内容，所以美国的教授教学生们用数字分析软件（通常是Matlab）编程来弥补我们的悲剧数学基础。但是我想说，如果一个中国学生和我比赛计算10道题，他（她）肯定比我快，这没商量（洒家还没编好程序呢喂！！）可要是我们同样处理一百万道题的时候，我应该会赢。宿舍热水给我留下最深刻印象的就是有限的热水供给。我一直认为热水是人们生活中必不可缺的东西，来到中国，我发现自己真傻…在美国的时候，我可以打开浴室得热水龙头，然后等上不到十秒钟就可以享受热腾腾的水啦。我也可以让热水一直流啊流只要我有足够大的热水器并且乐意付水费。但是在中国，我遇到了如下情况：1.
没有热水龙头2.
楼下的热水龙头是用来给学生们往暖瓶里接热水用的（译者注：咱这叫开水房）3.
一个小型的热水器只够提供十分钟的热水。幸运的是，我就有这么一个小型的热水器，因为我们是国际生。但即使这样，也确实需要适应。这么一件小事让我意识到自己原来被宠坏了。生活辅导员生活辅导员是一个宿舍里的学生干部。生活辅导员会欢迎新搬来的学生，回答他们的问题，组织活动，装饰大厅，收集证件等等。他们倾听学生的困难，然后提供建议，像学长一样。同样令人印象深刻的是，生活辅导员可以施行规定的权力。我原来就是一生活辅导员，干了两年，这期间是我大学生涯中最有价值的一段经历（在我来中国之前）。我当时学会了如何与人沟通，如何处理突发事件等等。最重要的是，我认识了各种各样的人们，那些跟我一栋楼住的人——否则我就没机会认识他们了。来到中国后我失望地发现，中国的生活辅导员都是些只会使用权力的成年人，而非学生。我更失望的是，国际生的宿舍楼压根就没生活辅导员。我觉得中国的大学放弃了一个让高年级学生在宿舍树立模范的机会。教授在课堂上的问题对我来说，一个教授的优与劣区别在于她（他）能否和学生互动。最简单的互动的方法就是问学生问题呗。这样一来，最大的益处就是老师们可以了解在过去的十分钟里，有多少学生听懂了。在中国大学的课堂上，老师会一个人照着幻灯片讲课从头讲到尾，就跟他面对着镜子跟自己说话似的。会面时间在美国大学里，教授通常会被要求有一个与学生沟通的会面时间。会面时间是一系列的时间段，比如周一下午四点或者周三上午十一点，这时间是为了让学生能来找教授问问题。注意，每周都有。中国的大学里，这东西也压根不存在。谁要是想提出个问题，就必须在课间逮住教授或者在教授走出门外的时候拦住他，然后才能幸运地得到一个详尽的解释。当然，这难不倒我。因为我习惯了会面时间的存在，所以我会从系办公室记下教授的办公室位置，电话号码。每周，我都会去问教授问题，或者是关于课上的内容，或者是作业，再或者是考试什么的。有时候，教授会一脸困惑地看着我。更多的时候，他们直接就不在办公室。但只要教授肯花时间回答我的问题，他们都解决的非常好——跟我在美国的教授一样——与此同时还能教我点中文。课程课程安排选课的时候，我发现的第一件事就是，课程被安排的一段一段的。这就是说，每天早上的课开始时间都一样；每天的午饭时间都一样；每天下午的课开始时间都一样；晚饭时间都一样……就跟在上高中似的。做个比较的话，我在美国的课程表是这个样子的课有时候在整点开始，有时候在半点开始。课会上到任何一个15分钟的倍数(那一大块紫色是我独立研究项目的实验室时间)这灵活的课程安排的结果就是，没有设置午饭或者晚饭的时间。我们的自助餐厅都有很长的营业时间，午饭能从中午11点到下午两点，晚饭能从7点到9点。学校周围的饭店在早上十点到晚上十点都开门。课程内容关于这方面没啥能让我吃惊的。我只是想说课程的安排在中美两方有所不同：差别大到我这个专业在中国和美国居然不是同一个系的。选课我在中国上的大学能网上注册，但国际生不成。这……挺滑稽的（也不方便）。在美国，所有的学生，包括国际生，都注册在一个数据库中，这似乎免去了一些将外国学生的资料储存在另外的一个系统中的麻烦。同样，我也有一个不同于普通学生的学生证，这导致我不能1.
网上选课2.
从图书馆借书3.
使用计算机实验室4.
用学生证在食堂刷卡把我弄到另一个独立的系统，这也意味着我没有一个全校范围的学生记录。没有哪个部门对我负责也没有哪个部门来把我赶走。我可以自由地直接向教授申请课程。有时候我觉得这也许是个能让不同系办公室的人被我的资料弄得晕头转向的原因。同学问问题我发现这里的学生们真的很少在课上问问题。即使这堂课叫[讨论课]，老师依然会讲课，然后把学生叫起来问问题。。学生们少有因为没理解或者仅仅是出于好奇心而问问题的。在美国大学里，学生是应该问问题的。大多数教授会在讲课间歇时给学生提问的机会。有些轴的教授甚至会逼学生问问题。在基于讨论的课堂上，向同学提问是一种礼貌的质疑对方观点的方法。这对把口头上的讨论转化为实际的分析也有一定帮助。言行学生的言行举止真的需要适应。我算是明白了为啥点名的时候这么多学生挤破头要来却不真正听课。而当那些不点名的课上，我又会对这些学生来上课却只是为了睡觉，发短信，互相聊天调侃而感到吃惊。这是因为来上课与否在美国通常是一个可选项，高水平的研讨会和实验室活动例外。如果一个美国学生在课上只是睡觉，那么这个学生过几天就会懒得来了。校园建筑规模幸运地（或者不幸地），我刚来中国上大学的时候，这个学校刚刚建成了市郊的新校区。我个人还是喜欢城市中心的老校区，因为它更有历史风味，建筑设计方面我也更喜欢，同时有着更有活力的学习气氛。但因为所有本科生都搬到了新校区，我也不得不在那儿上课了。新校区给我的第一印象就是，这货是给巨人设计的（不是哈利波特里面的巨人，而是古代神话里面的巨人）校园里的路用来开坦克都十分随意，但是校园里却连车都很少见。这学校的土地规模实在是太大了，我从这头走到另一头得花上45分钟。公共浴室所有我对这个学校公共浴室的不满几乎同样适用于中国所有的公共浴室。但听说新校园想要改进成国际化的校园，我就幼稚地期望着厕所，热水和肥皂。我还是太天真了……WIFI在中国，我真想念能在公共场合用WIFI的时光。在美国校园里，每一寸草地上都覆盖了无线网络，并且全部对学生免费。事实上，我最喜欢的两个学习的地方，一个是餐厅，一个是校园里的食品角。大晴天的时候，我经常能看见有人在树下坐着，用他们的笔记本刷新Facebook.当我发现我必须花钱来使用校园WIFI的时候，更悲惨的是，我的特殊学生证让我想花钱买WIFI都买不来的时候，洒家彻底抓狂了……如果没有可用的网络的话，我们应该在哪完成那些小组作业呢？我每天该怎么查看邮箱呢？好吧，我很快就发现，小组作业在中国的工科里比野生奥特曼还稀少（唯一的一次是我和我的伙计装了一个新电脑）。过了几个星期之后，邮件也没了动静，所以每天要查看邮箱这个习惯也被我废了。食堂大多数中国同学老师抱怨食堂的饭。但作为一个米国人，一个从6岁开始吃米国饭菜的人（包括汉堡包薯条匹萨热狗和汉堡包薯条披萨热狗还有汉堡包薯条皮萨热狗），相信我，我仅是路过食堂然后闻到中式菜肴的香味的时候就已经爽到升天了。我比我中国朋友的食量大两倍，他们会一脸疑惑地看着我，问“你真的觉得这个菜好吃？”然后我会点头说：“这东西好吃爆了，你要是去美国尝尝玉米热狗，你就会真心怀念这地方的饭菜。”另一个令我惊喜的事是，尽管吃了那么多，我事实上在减重。这些中国菜肴里的蔬菜，瘦肉和米饭比那些美国炸肉和黄油面包组合健康得多。社交我是想能更主动地认识当地学生的。但我对这些社交活动了解的并不太多，毕竟我是个国际生。以下因素使我与中国学生玩开十分困难：1.
我住在国际生的宿舍。当我第一次注册公寓的时候，我就想住在普通宿舍里，这样我就能和中国学生住在一起。但这个念头很快就被注册办公室的文秘打消了。她说只有”普通”学生，那些为了得到文凭的学生可以待在“普通”宿舍。后来我明白这个规定只是想赚更多的钱罢了，我的房租和杂费要比当地学生贵五倍。（虽然我的房间要好很多）2.
所有的本科生住在不同的校区。国际生住在老校区，市中心，因为语言课在那上，因此日常生活要便利一些。但新校区在离老校区一个小时车程以外的地方。尽管我每天花一个半小时在来回的路上，这也总是阻碍我参加体育和社交活动的一个原因。3.
我选了属于不同系的课。我的课程注册很复杂，国际学生部门的老师觉得我的中文能力（口语尤甚）对于提供的语言课程来说过于高，他们不想让我上语言课，因为他们怕我给其他学生带来压力。所以我不得不注册普通的本科课程，全部用中文教学。我觉得，既然我不得不上本科课程，我也可以同时上我的主修工科课程。可是中国大学的课程划分与美国不同，我最终跨了三个系选了大二，大三，大四的课程。因为每个系的学生都上差不多的课，我从来没见过同一个学生上两门不同的课的。这就好像我们都在一辆火车上，每个人都有自己选定的靠着自己朋友的位置，而我是唯一的那个在过道上左顾右盼的人。4.
我对中国流行文化一点都不了解。这使我很难和别人聊天。当人家谈起名人或者音乐或者网络用语时，我就觉得跟他们隔了十万八千里。这就是我现在能想到的。想说点不同观点的或者有问题想问的请给原帖留言吧~高中生初次译作，水平有限，错误难免。如有纰漏请留言，十分感谢。*回答中图片引自原作者
(中文翻译:
- Thank you so much, , for taking the time to do that!)Thanks to
for asking and inviting me to answer this question!I've thought about how to answer this question for a while, and I don't think there are many generalizations that can be made about the differences between American and Chinese colleges. That's because just among the schools in America there are differences in size, funding, infrastructure and student culture, and I assume similar differences exist among Chinese schools. So the differences I encountered in China are not the differences between American and Chinese universities, but really only the differences between my alma mater and the Chinese school I studied at.I've also decided not to name the universities I attended. By doing this, I hope to make the discussion general, rather than personal for the readers. I'll say that the school I studied at in China is one of the famous top 5 schools.So here are my observations and experiences from studying abroad in China from September 2009 to July 2010,StudyingEnglishI saw some amazingly diligent students at my Chinese university. And nowhere was this more evident than among the students studying English. There were those that stood on the bleachers reciting English essays bef those who listened to playlists of GRE vocabulary as they wal those who ate dinner in less than twenty minutes so that they could rush to the library and save the best seats. The energy that these students applied to their studying and the strength of will that they possessed to memorize ten thousands of abstruse words, day after day, simply left me in awe.And from what I could tell, it paid off. Whenever I needed to express something complicated, I would fall back to English and there would invariably be someone who could translate what I would say. And that was the real test of somebody who understands a foreign language. In comparison, at my university in America, studying was a way to get the grades and get by. The passionate students focused on their personal projects. We share a strong belief that doing is more impressive than knowing. My Americans classmates also rarely prepared for the standardized tests as thoroughly as Chinese students. For some reason, many American students treat standardized tests, such as the SAT and GRE as aptitude test. They 'review' material, but the grade they get is a reflection of their general knowledge. There isn't an strong emphasis on studying the test and figuring out how to take advantage of its patterns. In fact, that's generally looked down upon because it's not contributing to a student's overall education. On the other hand, while I was in China, I also heard rumors of students who didn't study at all. Apparently, since the 高考 had weeded out so many potential students, there was an idea that just graduating from a prestigious was enough to secure yourself a job. I heard that these students spent all day watching TV shows, or reading novels or playing Dota. I didn't meet any students like that, but if it's a problem in China, then it's equally a problem in America. MathI think anybody who's looked at an SAT math question will understand: American math education in middle and high school is substandard. I took undergraduate engineering classes the whole year I was in China, and after 4 months, it wasn't the Chinese I was struggling with, but the algebra and the calculus. My classmates were calculating partial fractions and trigonometric transformations as if it was 2 digit addition and subtraction. They did it by hand (or in their heads, which always made me gawk) and they did it faster than I could with a TI-89 calculator. Yes, we used these in high school. Yes, that's a 3D-plot. It can differentiate, integrate and calculate any statistical measure. You can even program games onto it.Since engineering classes all over the world teach basically the same material, American professors teach students to write programs for numerical analysis software (usually in Matlab) to make up for our lack of basic math fundamentals. So the way I like to explain the difference is, if a Chinese student and I had to race to solve 10 of the same type of math problems, she or he would win every time (hey, I'm not even done writing the code yet!). But if we had to solve 1 million of the same type of math problems, then I'll probably win.DormitoriesHot WaterWhat left the greatest impression on me was the limited availability of hot water.
Hot water was a simple element of life that I had taken for granted everyday before I lived in China. In America, I can turn on the faucet in my bathroom and within 10 seconds enjoy steaming water. I could also let the hot water run all day and all night, as long I had a large enough boiler and was will to pay the utility bills. But In China, I either encountered,No hot water faucetA hot water faucet downstairs for people to gather hot water using thermosesA tiny electric hot water tank that would provide 10 minutes of running hot waterLuckily, I had the tiny electric hot water tank in my dorm room because we were international students. But this was still a huge lifestyle adjustment. I reflected on how such a small aspect of my day could make me realize my spoiled upbringing.Resident AssistantsA Resident Assistant (RA) is a student leader in the dorms. The RA is the one who greets the new students as they move in and answers their questions. The RA plans social events, decorates the hall and collects paperwork. The RA listens to students problems and offers advice as an upperclassman. And, stereotypically, the RA enforces the rules.I was an RA for two years in college. It was one of the most valuable experiences of my college career (right up there with studying abroad in China). I was taught how to build a community and to handle uncomfortable, sometimes emergency, situations. And most importantly, I met a diverse community of people, my residents, who I normally wouldn't have met otherwise.I was disappointed to discover that the Chinese student dorms had adults who enforce the rules. I was even more disappointed to discover that the international student building had no RA's at all. I think Chinese universities are foregoing a great opportunity for motivated upperclassman to act as role models in the dorms.ProfessorsQuestions in ClassFor me, the sign of a good teacher is when she or he interacts with the students. The easiest way to interact is to ask students questions. And the biggest benefit is that the teacher can gauge how many students understood what was taught in the last ten minutes. During the classes at my Chinese university, the teacher would go through the whole powerpoint lecture, as if he or she was talking to a mirror. Office HoursAt universities in America, professors are require to have office hours. Office hours are a set time of week, such as Monday at 4 pm or Wednesday at 11 am, set aside by the professor for students to come to the professor's office and ask questions. Every week. At my Chinese university, office hours didn't exist. The students who had questions had to catch the professor during the lecture break or as the professor was
and they would be lucky if they got a thorough explanation. Of course, that didn't stop me.Since I was used to the idea of office hours, I tracked down my professors' offices and phone numbers from the department office. Every week, I would go in with questions about the lecture, the homework or the upcoming exam. Sometimes, the professors seemed bewildered to see me. More often than not, they simply weren't there. But the professors that took the time to answer my questions taught very well - as well as any professor I've had in America - and they taught me Chinese at the same time.ClassesScheduleWhen I registered for classes, the first thing I noticed was that the classes were scheduled by periods. This meant that my morning classes started at th lunch was th my afternoon classes started at th dinner was at the same time everyday. Even though the classes varied each day, it still felt like a high school schedule.In contrast, my schedule in America looked like this,Classes sometimes start on the hour, sometimes halfway in-between. The classes can last for any multiple of 15 minutes. (The long blocks of purple were lab time for my independent senior research project.)Classes sometimes start on the hour, sometimes halfway in-between. The classes can last for any multiple of 15 minutes. (The long blocks of purple were lab time for my independent senior research project.)A result of this fluid schedule is that there's no set time for lunch or dinner. The cafeterias h lunch could be from 11 am - 2 pm and dinner from 7 pm to 9 pm. And the restaurants around campus are open from 10 am - 10 pm. CurriculumNothing about the curriculum surprised me. I just wanted to note that the curriculums were o so much so that the classes I would've taken in my major in America were offered in completely different departments in China.RegistrationMy Chinese university had online registration, but not for international students. This seemed quizzical to me (in addition to inconvenient). Since all students in American universities, including international students, are registered in the same database for the convenience of the school, it seemed like a needless complication to keep foreign students in a separate system. I also had a different student ID. This prevented me from Registering for classes onlineBorrowing books from the libraryUsing the computer labsPaying for lunch with my student IDPutting me on a separate system also meant that I didn't have a school-wide student record. No department took responsibility for me and no department turned me away either. I was free to register for any classes by directly asking the professors for permissions. I often thought that there were probably easy ways for me to abuse the system by causing confusion between department offices.ClassmatesQuestionsI noticed that students rarely asked questions in class. Even if the class was called a 'discussion' class, the teacher would lecture, and then call on students to ask questions. The students rarely asked questions for explanations or out of curiosity. Asking questions is expected of students in American colleges. Most professors will stop at intervals in the lecture to give the students chances to ask questions. Some determined professors will even prod students to ask more questions.In a discussion-based class, asking another student a question is a polite way to challenge that person's opinion. It also helps move a discussion beyond observations into analysis. BehaviorStudent behavior in class took some getting used to. There were professors that took attendance and I understand why students were forced to show up for class but didn't pay attention. But in the classes that didn't take attendance, I was surprised by how many students showed up only to fall asleep, or text, or whisper jokes to each other.That's because attendance is usually optional for classes in America. The exceptions are higher-level discussion classes and labs. If an American student was just going to fall asleep every day in lecture, that student wouldn't bother showing up after the third week of the semester.CampusArchitectural ScaleI had the fortune (or misfortune) to arrive at my Chinese university just as they finished constructing a new campus in the suburbs. Personally, I liked the old campus in the heart of the city for its history, architecture and vibrant student atmosphere, but since all the undergraduate students were moved to the new campus, I had to take classes there too. My first impression was that the new campus was designed for giants (and not Harry Potter giants, but mythical-sized giants). The roads inside the campus could have easily passed tanks, but there were rarely even cars. The scale of the campus grounds was also impressive. It could take 45 minutes to walk from one end of campus to the other.Public BathroomsAnything I could complain about the public bathrooms on campus could probably apply to all public bathrooms throughout China. But the new campus was being promoted as an international campus. So I foolishly expected toilets, hot water and soap. What a naive American, I am.WiFiI really missed free WiFi in public spaces when I was in China. On an American campus, every square foot of grass is saturated with WiFi networks, and all of them were free for students. In fact, my two favorite places to study was the dining hall and the campus food court. On a sunny day, I would regularly see people sitting under a tree, checking Facebook on their laptops. When I discovered that I had to pay for campus WiFi in China and, worse, I couldn't even pay because I didn't have a normal student ID, I was distraught. Where were we supposed to work on group projects if none of the buildings had accessible internet? How was I supposed to check my email during the day?Well, I soon discovered that group projects in the Chinese engineering curriculum are rarer than purple elephants (the only time I worked with a partner to set up a new computer). And as the weeks went by, the emails about this and that from the States dried up, and I dropped the habit of checking my mail during the day.CafeteriaMost of my Chinese classmates complained about the cafeteria food. But as an American who had eaten American cafeteria food (burgers, fries, pizza, hot dogs) since I was 6, believe me when I say that I thought I was in heaven every day when I walked through the cafeteria doors and smelled the mishmash of Chinese cooking. I ate twice as much as my Chinese friends. They would watch me and ask incredulously, "你真的觉得这个菜好吃?" and I'd nod and reply, "This is fantastic. Wait until you go to America and try a corn dog. You'll wish you had this cafeteria food." And the amazing thing was that I actually lost weight by eating more. The vegetables, lean meat and rice of Chinese cuisine was much healthier than the buttered bread and fried meat combination of American cafeteria food.SocialI wish I took more of an initiative to meet more local students. I didn't get to see much of the social life because I was either studying or with other international students. A couple of factors made it very hard for me to hang out with Chinese students,I lived in the international student dorms - When I first registered for housing, I had the idea to apply for the normal undergraduate housing, so I could live with Chinese students. But that idea was quickly shot down by the secretary in the registration office. She said that only 'normal' students working towards a diploma could stay in 'normal' housing. In hindsight, I realize that the rule allowed the schoo my rent and utilities was five times the cost of that for local students (although my room was much nicer).All the undergraduate students lived at a different campus - International students lived at the old campus in the heart of the city because the language classes were taught there and life in general was more convenient. But the new campus was over an hour away from the old campus. Although I made the journey everyday (2 1/2
hours back and forth) to attend class, it always deterred me from attending sports or social events.I picked my classes from different departments - There was a complication with my class registrations. The teachers in the International Student Department felt that my Chinese speaking (especially my pronunciation) was too good for the language classes provided for foreign students. They didn't want me in the classes because they were afraid my presence would put too much pressure on the other students. That was a big misunderstanding, because I had learned 拼音 at a young age and always followed the dictionary pronunciation, but didn't mean I could read or write! So I was forced to register for normal undergraduate classes, which were all taught in Chinese. I thought, since I have to take undergraduate classes, I might as well take engineering classes in my major. But because the curriculums at the Chinese university was different, I ended up registering for 2nd, 3rd and 4th year classes across three different departments. Since the students in each department took almost all the same classes together, I never met the same students in two different classes. It felt like we were all aboard a train and everybody else had their assigned seats next to their friends, but I was the only one wandering back and forth between the compartments. I didn't know any Chinese pop culture - This just made it hard for me to have a casual conversation. When people talked about celebrities or music or used internet slang, I was left a mile behind.- - - - -That's all I can think of for now. Please feel free to ask questions or share a different opinion in the comments! As always, if you have the courage and patience to translate this into Chinese, then go for it! =P
留学期间，最怕老师期末考试留开放式的题目，比如说：请从本学期学过的文献中选一篇，解释你为何同意/反对作者观点，需结合课外材料，提供足够的论据。 我两年的课程，9成科目都是类似论文题（闭卷考试只有一次）。每次花两三天审题还无从下笔后，我都想：为什么教授tm不给我们一个限定方向的题目。再想想，我的无所适从其实是国内教育养成的：从小到大我的考试都是有标准答案的，只需要按照老师设定的方向走就能过关。今天看到一个ted的视屏，演讲者批评美国教育程式话，试图消除每个学生的个性，以这位老师的观点来看，中国教育简直就是一台最精密的筛选器，把想象力和创新力从学生的脑子里筛走。这台机器还是流水线，待的时间越长筛得越干净。p.s. ted演讲题目Ken Robisen: How to escape education's dead valey