he__a book about china lastgood yearr ,but i don't know if he___it

2015年高考英语语法单选超级归纳(6)——动词的时态和语态
常用常考的动词时态和用法:(以为例)
一般现在时
连系动词is/am/are
1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等。
2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
I’ll go there after I finish my work.
If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.
3.在以here,there开头的句子里,go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
Here she comes.她来了。
一般过去时
连系动词was/were)
表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。
现在进行时
is/am/are doing
1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.
从明天起他要做老师。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.
这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3.代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。
The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.
长江江水滚滚向东流。
The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
过去进行时
was/were doing
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行
They were still working when I left.
3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生
I was writing while he was watching TV.
4.表示过去将来动作
He said she was arriving the next day.
现在完成时
has/have done
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,说话时已
完成的动作。
I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.
2.表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往
和“for...”,
“since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。
He has learned English for six years.
They have worked here since they left college.
3.表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has
been to”,表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has
gone to”。
—Where is Li Hua?
has gone to the reading-room.
—She knows a lot about Shanghai.
has been there.
4.短暂动词(即瞬间动词),
join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,
finish,complete,begin,start,break out等,在完成时态
中,其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不能说:
要翻译他已参军已经三年了。可采用
①“ago法
②“延续法
He has been
③“since法
It is/has been three
joined the army.
过去完成时
1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
He had shut the door before the dog came up.
Everything had been all right up till this morning.
2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到
另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至还要继续下去。
At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.
He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.
3.常用等动词的
过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。
We had expected that you would be able to win the
将来完成时
will/shall have done
用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和短
语,引起的时间状语连用。
We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this
现在完成进行时
has/have been doing
用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下
去)的动作。
过去完成进行时
had been doing
表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,还将继续下去。
一般将来时
will/shall do
is/am/are going to do
is/am/are()
一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况
(详见下面一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较)
过去将来时
would/should do
was/were going to do
was/were()
1.相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态
He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。
I was told that he was going to return home.
有人告诉我他准备回家。
2. would do(表示过去的习惯)总是,总会,常常
would sit silent for hours.
他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。
2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较
be + doing
进行时表将来
go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作
He is moving to the south.
Are they leaving for Europe?
be about to +
表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作,后面一般不跟时间状语
I was about to leave when the bell rang.
The meeting is about to close.
表示按计划进行或征求对方意见
We’re to meet at the school gate at noon.
一般现在时表将来
时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,可用一般现在时表示将来
The meeting starts at five o’clock.
The plane leaves at ten this evening.
3.容易混淆的时态比较
一般过去时与现在完成时的比较
现在完成时强调过去动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果
We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose
_______ to her?
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened
D. happened
说明:说话者强调
目前的状况
Mr. Lee, who ________ as a carpenter for over 10 years, is now a
very famous statesman in this country.
A. has workedB.
had workedC.
(只说明他过去当过木匠不涉及到现在
一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态
Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________
A. don’ were you B. hadn’ are you
C. haven’ are
D. didn’ have you been
说明:didn’t
强调见面前不知道
I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了,不涉及现在是否记住
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较
着重表示动作的结果时,用现在完成时
I have read that book.我读过那本书了。(知道那本书的内容)
着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性时,则用现在完成进行时
—Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
—I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted
B. had painted
C. have been painting
D. have painted
说明:强调动作从过去到现在的延续
现在进行时与过去进行时的比较
现在进行时表示现在某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作
I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary
D. has come
说明:指目前一段时间正在发生的动作
引导的是时间状语从句动词需用一般现在时。
过去进行时表示某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作
— Hey, look where you are going!
— Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______.
A. I’m not noticing.
B. I wasn’t noticing.
C. I haven’t noticed.
D. I don’t notice.
说明:对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情
一般过去时与过去进行时的比较
一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态
Tom________ into the house when no one ___________.
A. was noticing
B. noticed
C. had noticed D. noticed
说明:slip和
为同时发生的动作,因此、为错误选项,指过去有结果的动作(他溜进去了),
指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况(没有人注意)。
过去进行时表示某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作
.He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he
______ it.
A. has finished
B. has finished
C. had finished D. will finish
说明:正确选项为
从推断,他去年一直在写。
动词的被动语态
常用被动语态
常用被动语态
一般现在时
过去进行时
was/were being
一般过去时
现在完成时
have/has been
一般将来时
shall/will be
过去完成时
过去将来时
should/would be
将来完成时
will/would have been
现在进行时
am/is/are being
含有情态动词的
can/must/may be
被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not,短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be
to,have to, had better变为被动态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动态。
Trees should not be planted in summer.
The boy was made fun of by his classmates.
Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.
汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示:
It is believed that…
It is generally considered that…
It is said that…
It is well known that…
It must be pointed out that…
It is supposed that…
It is reported that…
It must be admitted that…
It is hoped that…
被动语态的句型
1.常见句式是:主语(受动者)++过去分词+(+施动者):He
was scolded by the English teacher.
2.主语++过去分词+其它成分:The
boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her
使用这种结构不能带有+施动者
3.带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为动句,其主语可以是直接宾语,也可以是间接宾语。
She lent me a bike.&被动:①I
was lent a bike(by her).
bike was lent to me(by her).
4.情态动词++过去分词:This
problem must be worked out in half an hour.
5.双重被动式:主语+被动式谓语+不定式的被动式+其它成分
These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the
reading-room.
The murderer was ordered to be shot.
下面主动形式常表示被动意义
1.不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是:等。
This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。
These books sell well.这些书好卖。
The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。
Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
2.一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。常见动等。
The apples taste good.
The flower smells wonderful.
The news proved/turned out true.
Cotton feels soft.
不可变为被动语态的几种情况
1.I teach myself French.不可变为因为反身代词不可作主语。
2.We help each other/one another.不可变为因为相互代词不可作主语。
3.He lost heart.不可变为
因为象这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式,不能用被动式。
4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为
因为象等表状态动词没有被动语态。
含有短语动词在被动语态中介词不能丢
Much attention must be paid
your handwriting.
特别注意以下句子的结构:
to study Englsih.
下面词或短语没有被动态:
leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last,
lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take
place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of,
have on, lose heart等等
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你可能喜欢Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.
A.has written
C.had written
D.was writing
粉你0070一龥
考查时态。句意:去年史密斯先生一直在写一本关于中国的书,但是我不知道他是否已经完成了。结合语境可知前文描述的是在过去一直在进行的动作,故用过去进行时态,选D。
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扫描下载二维码Mr Smith _________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.
.._百度知道
Mr Smith _________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.
Mr Smith _________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.
A.has written
C.had written
D.was writing
提问者采纳
由 but I don’t know whether he has finished it 句语境决定全句意史密斯先写本书我知道现否写完同能由于受 last year影响误选B若选B则句前半部意思则变史密斯先写本书既写与文我知道现否写完相矛盾
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出门在外也不愁当前位置:
>>>Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don’t kn..
Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.A.has writtenB.wroteC.had writtenD.was writing
题型:单选题难度:偏易来源:不详
D考查时态。句意:去年史密斯先生一直在写一本关于中国的书,但是我不知道他是否已经完成了。结合语境可知前文描述的是在过去一直在进行的动作,故用过去进行时态,选D。
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don’t kn..”主要考查你对&&一般现在时,将来进行时,过去完成进行时,过去将来时的被动语态&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
现在没空?点击收藏,以后再看。
因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
一般现在时将来进行时过去完成进行时过去将来时的被动语态
一般现在时的概念:
表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作(有时间规律发生的事件)的一种时间状态。 一般现在时的用法:
1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。常用的时间状语有every...,sometimes,at...,on Sunday等。例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。  &&&&&&&&&&& Shang hai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3)表示格言或警句。例如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 &&&&&&&&&&&&Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。    &&&&&&&&&&& I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。  第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。一般现在时知识体系:
&一般现在时用法拓展:
1、一般现在时表将来: 1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。   &&&&&&&—When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开&&&&&& —It stars in ten minutes. ?十分钟后。 2)以here, there 等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming. 车来了。   &&&&&&&&&&& There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 3)在时间或条件句中。例如:When Bill comes(不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。   &&&&&&&&&&&&I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。 4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that 等的宾语从句中。例如:I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。   &&&&&&&&&&& Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。2、一般现在时代替一般将来时: When, while, before, fter, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case(that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句,条件句中,用一般现在时代替将来时。例如:He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨妈。3、一般现在时代替一般过去时:1)"书上说","报纸上说"等。例如:The news paper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。 2)叙述往事,使其生动。例如:Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins. 拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进,大战开始了 4、一般现在时代替现在完成时:1)有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时,如hear, tell, learn, write, understand, forget, know, find, say, remember等。例如:I hear(=haveheard)he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。 &&&&&&&&&&& I forget(=have forgotten)how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。 2)用句型"It is…since…"代替"It has been…since…"。例如:It is(=has been)five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来,五年过去了。 5、一般现在时代替现在进行时:在Here comes…/There goes…等句型里,用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如:There goes the bell.铃响了。时态一致: 1、如果从句所叙述的为真理或相对不变的事实,则用现在时。例如:At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那时,人们不知道地球是动的。 &&&&&&&&&&& He told me last week that he is eighteen.上星期他告诉我他十八岁了。 2、宾语从句中的,助动词ought, need, must, dare的时态是不变的。例如:He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他认为我不必告诉你真相。将来进行时的概念:
表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如:She'll becoming soon. 她会很快来的。   &&&&&&&&&&& I'l lbe meeting him sometime in the future. 将来我一定去见他。将来进行时的基本用法:   
1、将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作:   如:Don't phone me between 5 and 6. We'll be having dinner then. 五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们在吃饭。   &&&&&&& When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television. 当我到家时,我太太可能正在看电视。   2、表示按计划或安排要发生的动作:   如:I will be seeing you next week. 我下个星期来看你。   &&&&&&& I'll be taking my holidays soon. 不久我将度假了。   &&&&&&& We shall be going to London next week.下周我们要去伦敦。   3、将来进行时表示委婉语气:   如:Will you be having some tea? 喝点茶吧。   &&&&&&& Will you be needing anything else? 你还需要什么吗?   将来进行时与一般将来时的区别:  
(1)两者基本用法不一样:将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作,一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作:  如:What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你会在做什么呢?  &&&&&&& What will you do tomorrow? 你明天干什么?  (2)两者均可表示将来,但用将来进行时语气更委婉:如:When will you finish these letters? 你什么什候处理完这些信件?(直接询问,如上司对下属)   &&&&&&& When will you be seeing Mr White? 你什么时候见怀特先生?(委婉地询问,如下属对上司)  && &&&&&&& When will you pay back the money?你什么时候还钱?(似乎在直接讨债)  &&&&&&&&When will you be paying back the money? 这钱你什么时候还呢?(委婉地商量)  (3)有时一般将来中的will含有“愿意”的意思,而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况:  如:Mary won't pay this bill. 玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(表意愿)  &&&&&&&&Mary won't be paying this bill. 不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)过去完成进行时:
过去完成进行时,就是相对过去的某个时刻来说已经对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作。放在间接引语或虚拟语气中时它的时态不能再向前推,向后推是现在完成进行时。过去完成进行时是由"had been + 现在分词"构成。    例如:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.   &&&&&&&&&&&& 她在考试之前一直患重感冒。 过去完成进行时构成:过去完成进行时是由"hadbeen+现在分词"构成。   如:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考试之前一直患重感。   &&&&&&& Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?
过去完成进行时用法:  1、表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样,过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。过去完成进行时也是一个相对的时态,上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去的时间。   如:I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我找了好多天才找着。   如:They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他们只等了几分钟车就来了。   2、表示反复的动作。   如:He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。   3、过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。   如:The doctor asked what he had been eating. 医生问他吃了什么。   &&&&&&& I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我问他们那些天呆在哪儿。   4、过去完成进行时之后也可接具有"突然"之意的when分句。   如:I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。   &&&&&&& She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister in terrupted her. 她温习功课才一会儿,她妹妹就打断她了。过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较:  
如:She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy. 她已经打扫过办公室了,所以很整洁。(强调结果)   &&&&&&& She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside. 她一直在打扫办公室,所以我们不得不在外面等着。(强调动作一直在进行)过去将来时的被动语态的概念:
过去将来一般时的被动语态的主语是第一人称时用should be加及物动词的过去分词构成;主语是第二、三人称时用would be加及物动词的过去分词构成。 例如:He said that something would be needed to finish the task. 他说要完成这项任务,需要某种条件。&&&&&&&&&&&过去将来时的被动语态的用法:
过去将来时的被动语态常出现在英语间接引语中,其形式为:(1)would/should+be+动词的过去分词(2)was/were+going to be+动词的过去分词. 如:He said the project would be finished by the time we reached there.&&&&&&& She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.&& &&&&&&& He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.&&&&&&& He said that something would be needed to finish the task. 他说要完成这项任务,需要某种条件。 &&&&&&& It was said that they would be selected by lottery. 据说他们将抽签选出。
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