2014年12月大学英语六级考试最全复习笔记
来源：　 11:57:39　【】　
为广大考生整理“2014年12月大学英语六级考试最全复习笔记”，希望对大家有所帮助，祝大家备考顺利！
　　六级作文与综合改错：
　　(一)作文：
　　一、作文要求。
　　出题方式：命题作文，看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章(英文或中文)写出文章摘要或大意，给出关键词作文等。其中命题作文一般为提纲式，即给出提纲。可以用VIP来概括要求： P：practice，平时练习很重要，至少要包括10篇比较典型的作文例文;I：input，写作与听，读，说密切相连，能在其中积累素材;V：vary，即flexible，思维要灵活开阔。
　　作文涉及内容：A关于某人的信息，例如生活方面的;B常见的社会，文化话题。不涉及知识面过广，专业性太强的内容。
　　时间分配：A，审题，列提纲，5分钟;B，写作文，20分钟;C，改错误，5分钟。
　　写作时注意：先主后次，纲举目张，字迹清楚。文章分为三段为最佳，每段的形式为：Topic Sentence+Supportina Ideas。而且要注意使用连接词，加强上下文的联系。
　　常见作文错误：1，词性;2，单复数一致;3，冠词错误;4，代词一致;5，时态一致。
　　高分作文具备条件：A，用词的准确化;B，句式的多样化。
　　平时注意收集好的词组类型：1)动词+名词：acquire knowledge，
　　2)形容词+名词：
　　3)动词+大副词：
　　4)动词+ 介词 /小副词：break through。
　　二、作文题型：
　　1，正反阐释题。对应题目：95年6月Should Firecrackers Be Banned?，96.1.Why I Take College English Test Band 6?，97.6.My View on job-hopping，98.6.Do "Lucky Numbers"Really Bring Good Luck?，99.6.Reading Selectively or Extensively?，00.6.Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?;
　　2，阐释原因，方法，描述危害题。对应：98.1.My View on Fake Commodities，99.1.Dont Hesitate to say "No"，00.1.How I Finance My College Education，03.1.It Pays to Be H
　　3，永恒话题。对应：97.1.Haste Makes W
　　4，图表题。对应：91.6.，92.1.，96.6.，02.6.;
　　5，书信题。对应01.6.，02.1.。
　　三、技巧。
　　1)正反阐释题。大多数这一类型的题目一般都会给出提纲，且一般为3部分，第1为某一种观点，第2为与之相反的观点，第3为"我的看法"。若题目明确给出三部分，则写作时就要注意一定分为三段。若给出两部分，则可以适当做调整，写两段或者自己添加一段为三段文章。
　　例如：99.6.题目的提纲为：1，有些人分为读书要有选择;2，有些人认为应当博览群书;3，我的看法。
　　则可以按其要求分为三段;而98.6.提纲为：1，有些人认为某些数字会带来好运;2，我认为数字和运气无关……。可以按提纲所列条目写，也可以再加一段内容为"有些人认为数字和运气无关"，而"我"则同意这一观点。
　　注意：A作文中有可能要求写出原因如97.6.题，则一定要写出原因，若只描述问题而缺少原因则属于偏题，分数自然降低。如果没有明确要求也可补充，增加内容。B一般第3部分"我的看法"中，可以赞同某一种观点反对另一种，也可以结合两者优点，或持中庸态度等，作出结论。
　　常用句型：起：When asked about / it comes to…，many people claim/ believe/ argue/ say that…
　　There is a general/ public/ heated/ much　discussion / debate taday about…
　　There　is much disagreement / are some controversies　over…转：Others，however，think differently.
　　As opposed to these widely-held views，someone argues that…
　　Despite the popular belief that…，a current survey indicates that…
　　2)阐释原因，方法，描述危害题。这一类型多为社会问题及现象。提纲一般也分为2~3部分，而相应地，写作时也要明确三部分：1，提出问题;2，分析问题;3，解决问题。 在"提出"中，主要描述所要说的问题;"分析"要分析问题所在或阐述出现这种问题的原因;"解决"中提出解决的方法。
　　例如：98.1.题纲：1，假冒伪劣商品的危害;2，怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品。可以在第1段提出假冒伪劣商品这种现象描述其危害，在第2段可以阐述其出现的原因，第3段提出解决问题的办法。再如00.1.提纲：1，上大学的费用可以通过多种途径解决;2，哪种途径适合我(说明理由)。则可在首段简要提出上学费用对于我们学生是一个不小的问题，然后阐述解决费用的途径，最后说明自己的方法并说明原因。
　　常用句型：
　　起：Recently，there has been a widespread　concern / feeling / belief / attitude that…
　　Now it is widely / commonly/ generally　thought/ believed/hold　that…
　　Now people in increasing number are beginning / coming　to realize/ accept/ understand　that…
　　承：The opinion may be supported by the following facts.
　　合：It is　hoped / suggested / recommended　that…
　　It is high time that we　put and end to the…/ take measures to …
　　3)永恒话题。97.1.题目出了一句谚语Haste Makes Waste，类似的还可以有Practice Makes Perfect，Where There's a Will There's a Way，Unity Means Strength，God Helps Those Who Help Themselves等。对于这一类的题目也要把握三点：1，解释含义;2，举例说明;3，总结发挥。前两点可以作为前两段，最后可以根据自己的心得体会总结，比如我们应该怎样避免或怎样去做等。
　　常用句型：举例：History abounds with the example of…
　　I can think of no better illuestration of the　point / view than the　fact that…/example of…
　　总结发挥：Both history and common sense suggest that…
　　All these examples　goes to show / point to the fact / piles up to show　that…
　　Judging from all evidence offered，we may　safely say / come to the conclusion　that…
　　4)图表题。图表作文三步骤：1，描述变化;2，解释原因;3，A若是好的现象则对其进行预测;B若是坏的现象则提出解决办法;C不好不坏的情况阐述自己的观点。
　　注意：图表题一定不要大量机械地罗列数据，而要挖掘图表的内涵，如写出上升或下降的趋势或比率。
　　常用句型：描述变化：It can be seen / we can see from the gragh that…/ According to the gragh，…
　　The number has nearly doubled that of last year.
　　The number was…，less / more　than　half / a third / a quarter　of the 2000 total.
　　指出原因：The change in…mainly　results / arises　from…
　　One may attribute this　trend / change/problem　to…，but it doesn't answer the question.
　　A number of factors could　account for / lead to　the change in…
　　5)书信题。一般会给出信的开头与结尾，中间部分自己作答。内容多为求职，申请，邀请等，需表达清楚，求职要列出自己的优势言辞恳切，邀请可说明原因，时间地点也要叙述完整。
　　6)关联词。举例exemplification：for example，for instance，as an example，as an illustration，
　　比较comparision：similarly，likewise，in the same way，equally important，对照contrast：on the contrary，on the other hand，otherwise，unlike，in contrast，whereas，conversely，让步coocession：although，nevertheless，however，but，admittedly，even though，原因cause：because，because of，as，since，for，owing to，due to，on account of，as a result of…结果result：thus，so，consequently，hence，therefore，accordingly，as a result，as a consequence，强调emphasis：chiefly，especially，indeed，in fact，certainly，particularly，列举enumeration：first，second，in the first place，first of all，to befin with，in the second place，furthermore，moreover，for one thing，for another，what's more，what'总结summary：in conclusion，in short，in brief，in summary，on the whole，to sum up，to conclude。
　　四、短期速成应考方针：
　　1)多读范文。范文是活生生的例子，写起文章来得心应手。
　　2)多写。即使离考期再短，也应多写几篇，写多了自然能灵活运用词汇，句型，修正常犯的错误。
　　3)熟背启承转合语，从而将文章顺畅地连贯起来，避免单调乏味。
　　五、作文常见问题及对策：
　　1)单字少，不知该用何字，不知句子是否和语法，汉语翻译。对策：记忆单词在句子中的用法，尽量用现成的句子。
　　2)不知如何开头，如何结尾。对策：该种文章乃八股文，有现成的格式，套用即可，颇省去不少麻烦。
　　3)不知该写什么。对策：练习Topic Sentence + Supporting Ideas即中心句加扩充观点的写法可以协助你解决这一问题，使你轻松面对。
　　(二)综合改错：
　　不会考的错误：1，标点符号;2，拼写错误;3，词义的细微差异。
　　错误类别：
　　1，语法错误，一般占70%：
　　主要五种：1)时态一致。主要涉及谓语的时态，且考点比较简单，例如一般是由现在完成改为过去完成，由一般现在改为一般过去，由一般过去改为过去完成，由一般过去改为一般现在。
　　对应：00.1.第1小题，00.6.第6，9小题，01.6.第7，8小题，02.1.第7小题。
　　2)单复数一致。主要为名词的单复数以及动词的单复数。
　　对应：00.1.第5小题，01.6.第3小题，02.1.第5，9小题，02.6.第5，7，9小题。
　　3)关系词(定语从句)。例如非限定性定语从句只用which(人物用whom)，用于介词后，如：in which，with which，with whom，而不用that，但是有一例外就是介词in后面如in that意为"因为，原因在于"。
　　对应：00.1.第9小题，00.6.第4小题，02.6.第4，8小题。
　　4)冠词。与专有名词联系：A，典型专有名词，前面不加the，如
　　China，IB，非典型专有名词：含有普通名词的专有名词，前面要加the ，如the Peoples Republic of China含有普通名词也有例外：大学，公园，广场，道路前面不加the：Beijing University of Chemical Technology。
　　对应：01.6.第5小题，02.6.第1小题。
　　5)分词。动词做非谓语时，有动名词，不定式和分词等形式。
　　对应：00.1.第8小题，02.1.第1小题，02.6.第2小题。
　　6)此外还有动词的及物与不及物，形容词副词的比较级与修饰作用，序数基数词及分数的表达，连词的使用等等语法要点。
　　2，搭配错误，10%~20%：一般为动词词组短语，惯用词组搭配等。
　　3，逻辑错误，10%~20%：逻辑错误通常是正反错误，而且往往是有没有否定前缀的问题。
　　对应：00.1.第2，7小题，00.6.第2小题，01.6.第6，9小题，02.1.第2小题，02.6.第6小题。
　　可考错误：1)并列结构一致。是并列连词前后两个成分在词性，动词形式和语言单位上一致。
　　2)代词一致。包括名词，代词的人称和数。00.6.第7小题。
　　3)连词。02.1.第8小题。
　　4)词性。与语法联系。
　　(三)完形填空：
　　相对来说，完形填空比较简单，考的机率较小。
　　一般要联系上下文，找准信息，思维要连贯，坚持先易后难的原则。
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Copyright & 2004- 网　All Rights Reserved　中国科学院研究生院权威支持(北京)　电 话：010-　传 真：010-求高中英语考试作文万能句子和短语(复制的请绕道)._百度知道
求高中英语考试作文万能句子和短语(复制的请绕道).
今年高一、为了应付考试、求英语作文中的万能句子和短语,比如In my opinion之类的，能充字数但又显得有些水平的句子。& 麻烦各位在给的时候把中文写上，谢谢了！回答得好的可以追加分数。
表起始：first of all首先,to begin with首先，according to根据,so far迄今为止,as far as I'm concerned就我而言因果：because of 由于，one reason is that一个原因是another reason is that 另一个原因是 thus这样；如此；因而；从此 as a result (of)
（作为……的）结果转折：however然而 after all毕竟 in fact 事实上 while 而 on the contrary 相反；instead of代替而不是；unlike 不像；although虽然；otherwise否则； in spite of不管列举：for example例如，such as比如，that is就是说，as follows如下，in other words,换句话说，and so on等等推进：what's more更重要的是；而且,on one hand… on the other hand 一方面，另一方面,in addition to补充说,as well也,not only… but also不仅 而且，besides此外，furthermore而且，此外，moreover而且，此外总结：in short简而言之，in a word总之，in general 一般来说,in brief简单地说,in all总共,on the whole总的来说你平时可以多注意听力材料上的过渡语，多读就有了语感，不然用也用不自然。重在平时积累，突击效果总不如平时努力学的扎实，效果不好，而且容易忘。加油:)
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From what has been mentioned about,we can come to an conclusion that....从上面我们提到的来看，我们可以得到一个结论
Recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s concern. 最近,……问题已引起人们的关注.The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色.它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题.Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.如今，（人口过剩）已成为我们不得不面对的问题了.It is commonly believed that … / It is a common belief that … 人们一般认为……Many people insist that … 很多人坚持认为……With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……A lot of people seem to think that … 很多人似乎认为……引出不同观点:People’s views on … vary from person to person. Some hold that …. However, others believe that….人们对……的观点因人而异.有些人认为……，然而其他人却认为……People may have different opinions on …人们对……可能会有不同的见解.Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异.There are different opinions among people as to …关于……，人们的观点大不相同.Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。结尾Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论……Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that …考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论……Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that …因此,我们最好得出这样的结论……There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点.All in all, we cannot live without … But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.总之,我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题.提出建议:It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了.It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of …毫无疑问,对……问题应予以足够的重视.Obviously, … If we want to do something … , it is essential that …显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是…Only in this way can we … 只有这样，我们才能……It must be realized that …我们必须意识到……预示后果:Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that … will lead us in danger.很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险.No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that …毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会……It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.论证From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看来,支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …我无法完全同意这一观点……Personally, I am standing on the side of …就个人而言,我站在……的一边.I sincerely believe that …我真诚地相信……In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do ….在我个人看来,做……比做……更明智.Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why …给出原因:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, …这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先，……；第二,，……；第三，……Why did …? For one thing …，for another …. Perhaps the primary reason is…为什么会……？一个原因是……，令一个原因是……；或许其主要原因是……I quite agree with the statement that … The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述,即……，其主要原因如下:列出解决办法:Here are some suggestions for handling … 这是如何处理某事的一些建议.The best way to solve the troubles is … 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题.批判错误观点和做法:As far as something is concerned, … 就某事而言，……It was obvious that …很显然,….It may be true that …, but it doesn’t mean that …可能……是对的,但这并不意味着……It is natural to believe that …, but we shouldn’t ignore that …认为……是很自然的,但我们不应忽视……There is no evidence to suggest that … 没有证据表明……如何连接强调 still, indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially, obviously, clearly.比较 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.对比 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.列举 for example, for instance, such as, take …for example, except (for), to illustrate.时间 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.顺序 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.可能 presumably, probably, perhaps.解释 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.递进 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.让步 although, after all, in spite of…, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.转折 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately, whereas原因 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.结果 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as a consequence总结 on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.其他 mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case
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出门在外也不愁您所在的位置：&&>&&&&>&&高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit7-8
高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit7-8
日期：日来源：中国名校自主招生网
高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit7-8☆重点句型☆&1. I can became infected with HIV by swinmaing ...&2. I wish that she were here with me and that we weren't&&& sick.&3. The most important thing to keep ... is to stay calm.&4. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could&&&& have helped them.&5. Many hospital recommend that we use the letters ...&6. If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would ...7. As with most diseases and disasters, the young suffer&&&& the most.&8. She might have been hit by a car ...9. Send whatever you find to the hospital to help ...10. There we're days when I wished that I were dead so&&& that I would not have to feel so sick.&&& ☆重点词汇☆1. deadly a. 致命的2. quiz n. 小测验；竞赛3. false a. 错误的，假的4. virus n. 病毒5. via prep. 通过，经由6. blood n. 血7. prevention n. 防止，预防8. persuade v. 劝服9. illness n. 病；(身体)小舒服10. treatment n. 治疗；对待；处理11. sex n. 性别；性12. proper a 正确的，适当的13. available a. 可利用的；有效的14. network n. 网络15. specialist& n. 专家16. fierce a. 野蛮的，凶猛的；激烈的17. cell n. 细胞；单人牢房18. radiation n. 辐射，放射19. recover v. 恢复，康复20. drown v. 溺死，使淹死21. scream v. 尖叫，呼啸22. witness vt. & n. 目击，为……作证；目击者23. response n. 响应24. slight adj. 轻微的，纤细的25. chest n. 胸膛；箱子26. circulate& v. 循环，流通&27. wound n. 伤口28. motorcycle n. 摩托年29. sudden a. 意外的30。 loose a. 松散的31. tap n. (水，煤气等)龙头32. bandage& n. 包扎带33. ambulance n. 救护车34. choke v. 窒息，哽住，使窒息&&& ☆重点短语☆1. be / become infected with 受……感染2. get tested for 测试3. break down 损坏4. suffer from 患……病5. fear of disease 怕疾病6. lack of 缺乏7. free from 不受……影响，没有……8. cheer up 使振奋，使高兴9. medicine for cold 感冒药10. last days of one's life 生命的最后日子11. a great many 许多12. samples of blood 血样13. incurable disease 不治之症14. go to end 结束。到头了15. on the contrary 相反16. for the moment 暂时，目前17. think of...as 把……当作18. live life to the fullest 生活得充实19. first aid 急救20. first of all 首先21. roll over 翻转22. die of 死于23. in honor of 纪念……，庆祝……24. in case of 以防……25. keep in mind 记在心上&&& ☆交际用语☆1. A lot of people can't tell the difference between...2. Are there many differences?3. What do you mean by...4. I'm sorry, I don't quite follow you.5. Do you use American or British spdling?6. American spellings ale used more and more in Canadanow.& 7. We must carry her to the side of the road.& 8. You should / shouldn't...& 9. I ought to go home.10. Don't try to get up.☆词汇短语☆7. available a. 可用的，可达到的，有效的& The books are readily available for reference.& 这些书随时可供参考。& Is Mr. Smith available for the opening of the school?& 史密斯先生能参加学校的开学仪式吗?17. breathe, breath&&& (1) breathe 是动词，呵及物也可不及物。&&& breathe hard 费力地呼吸&&& breathe into one's mouth&&& 向某人嘴里吹气&&& breathe dust / fresh air&&& 吸进灰尘／呼吸新鲜空气&&& start one's breathing&&& 让某人呼吸起来&&& (2) breath 是名词。&&& take a deep breath 深吸一口气&&& take breath 喘口气；休息一下& hold one's breath 屏住气& lose one's breath 喘不过气来& out of breath 上气不接下气，气喘吁吁& [注意] out of sight 看不见；out of order 出故障；out of& question 没问题；out of control 失去控制；out of&&danger 脱离危险；out of work 失业。8. cheer vt. & vi. 使高兴，使振奋，喝彩& The good news cheers them all.& 这个好消息使我们大家很高兴。& The fans cheer (for) their football team.& 球迷为他们的足球队加油助威。& 主要搭配：& (1) cheer up (使愉快，使高兴)& 作及物或不及物用法：& Cheer up! My little man. 别灰心，老弟!& She told a joke, trying to cheer me up.& 她讲了个笑话来让我开心。& (2) cheer on (鼓励，鼓劲)& We all cheered the runners on as they rushed to the& tape.& 当运动员冲刺时，我们都为他们鼓劲。5. discourage& 使泄气；使失去信心、希望或精神(做某事)& 1) ～ sb. (from doing sth.)& 阻拦某人不要做某事& His parents discouraged him from joining the air force.& 他的父母劝他不要参加空军。& 2) try to stop (sth.)& 试图阻止；阻拦；劝阻& The school teachers discourage smoking.& 学校老师不赞成吸烟。& 3) be discouraged, get discouraged / discouraged adj.& If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be& discouraged.& 如果你学习中遇到什么困难，不要灰心。& discouraging adj.& a discouraging result, reply 使人泄气的结果、回答2. false a. 假的，错的，不实的& The report is false. 这份报告不真实。& He is false of heart. 他不忠实。& 常见结构 be false to 意为“违背，不忠，欺骗”。& He is false to his country. 他背叛祖国。&&She is a girl false to her promise / word.& 她是一个不守诺言的女孩子。【考点8】free 的用法▲ 构词：① freedom n. [U]自由② freely adv. 自由地▲ 搭配：① for free 免费(作表语、状语)② set...free 释放……；使……自由③ free of charge 免费(作表语、状语)④ be free from 免于……；不受……；无……的；免去& ……的⑤ have a free talk(with sb)(about sth) 和(某人)就某& 事进行自由交谈⑥ enjoy free medical care 享受公费医疗⑦ enjoy freedom of speech 享受言论自由⑧ fight for freedom 为自由而战▲句型：① sb be free = sb have free time 有空② sb be / feel free to do sth 随便干……，随心所欲地干& ……。无拘无束地干……③ free + sb / sth 使……自由▲ 友情提示：“免费”的其他表示法：① for nothing (作状语)；without payment (作状语)；& free(作表语、定语)② at one's own expense / charge 自费(作状语)③ at public expense 公费④ (enjoy)public health services = (enjoy) free medical& service / care (享受)公费医疗【考例8】The prisoner was ____.&&& A. set freely&&& B. enjoyed free&&& C. get freedom&&& D. set free[考查目标]考查free，freely，freedom等词的运用。[答案与解析]D set sb free为一个固定短语，表示“释放某人”。1. infect& 1) 使某人／某物传染，感染& ～ sb. / sth. (with sth.)；cause sb. / sth. to have a& disease& The laboratory animals had been infected with the& bacteria.& 试验室里的动物都受到这种细菌的感染。& Police have sealed off infected areas of the country.& 警方已将全国各感染区封锁了。& One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon& infected other children.& 班上的一个孩子发烧了，不久他就传染上了其他孩& 子。& 2) 使受影响，使受感染& fill (sb.'s mind or spirit) with happy and positive ideas& or feelings& Her cheerful spirits and bubbling laughter infected the& whole class.& 她那快乐的情绪和爽朗的笑声感染了全班。6. lack 缺乏，不足& (1) 名词用法& She has no lack of supporters.& 她不缺支持者。(有很多支持者)& The draught was caused by a lack of rain.& 这场旱灾是雨水不足造成的。& [注意] lack作可数或不可数名词，lack前面常与for& 搭配，表示“缺乏”的原因，此时常用作不可数名词，& 如：& We now can't discuss the plan for lack of time.& 因时间所限我们现在不能讨论这个计划。& (2) 动词用法& lack 可作及物或不及物动词用，作不及物动词时与& for 搭配表示原因，与in搭配表示“在……方面缺& 乏”。& The young completely lacks experience.& 这个年轻人完全缺乏经验。& They lack for money at present.& 目前他们缺乏资金。& He is lacking in responsibility.& 他缺乏责任心。【考点2】lack的用法▲ 搭配：① for lack of 因缺少② lack in 缺少▲ 句型：① There is a lack of sth 缺少……② There is no lack of sth = have no lack of sth 不缺【考例2】(2002上海)Though ____ money, his par-ents managed to send him to university.&&& A. lacked&&& B. lacking of&&& C. lacking&&& D. lacked in[考查目标] 考查省略句。[答案与解析]C& 当从句的主语和主句的主语相同时．或从句的谓语是be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词，本句补全应该为：Though (they were) lacking...【考点5】manage 的用法▲ 构词：① manager n. 经理② management n. 经营，管理▲句型：① manage to do sth 设法做成某事② I can manage it myself. 我自己能应付／对付过去。▲辨析：attempt；manage；succeed；try；seek该组词均含“设法”之意。try表示尽力、设法、试图去做某事，但未必一定成功，所做之事不一定有困难；try还可作名词，have a try = try = have a go 试一次；have another try = try again再试一次；want a go 想试一次。attempt 是try 的更正式的说法，试图做某事，有时可以表示“企图”的意思。manage表示设法(得以)完成(某件困难之事)，还可作及物动词，意为“经营，管理”；不及物动词，意为“能办到”，常用于口语I canmanage (it) myself. 我自己能行。succeed 去做所希望的事并成功地干了该事，常见结构是succeed in(do—ing) sth。seek意为“试图、企图干某事”。例如：The boys attempted to leave for camping but werestopped by their parents. 男孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母拦住了。She succeeded in taking a first-class degree in physicstWO years after arriving in Paris. 到巴黎之后，她取得了一级物理学位。He tried to do the operation with very little help, butdidn't succeed. 他试图在没有帮助的情况下做这个手术，但没有成功。【考例5】He ____ the operation with very littlehelp.&&& A. succeeded to do&&& B. attempted to&&& C. managed to do&&& D. managed doing[考查目标] 考查同义词的辨析。[答案与解析]C& succeed in doing sth，而 manage to attempt 为vt. 后面直接接宾语，而不要接介词。4. persuade vt.&&& cause sb. to do sth. by arguing or reasoning with him&&& 说服，劝服；使相信&&& persuade sb. into / out of sth. 说服，劝服某人做某事&&& persuade sb. to do sth.&&& persuade sb. that... 后接宾语从句&&& Who persuaded you to join this society?&&& 谁说服你参加这个团体?&&& I am almost persuaded of his honesty.&&& 我几乎相信他是诚实的。【考点l】persuade的用法▲ 句型：① persuade sb (not) to do sth说服某人(不要)干某事② persuade sb into / out of doing sth (= advise sb not to& do sth)说服某人(不要)干某事③ persuade sb that... 使人信服……【考例l】(2001上海)Alice trusts you: only you can____ her to give up the foolish idea.&&& A. suggest&&& B. attract&&& C. tempt&&&&&&& D. persuade[考查目标] 考查动词之间的辨析与实际运用。[答案与解析]D& suggest 不能接 sb. do sth；句子的意思为：Alice 相信你，只是因为你能说服她放弃愚蠢的想法。【考点3】prevent 的用法▲ 搭配：prevent...from...妨碍；阻碍；防止；预防▲ 句型：① prevent sth 阻止……，预防……② prevent sb's doing sth③ prevent sb / sth (from) doing sth = stop sb / sth& (from)doing sth = keep sb / sth from doing sth 阻& 止／防止某人干……▲ 注意：在prevent sb / sth from doing sth和stop sb /sth from doing sth中，from在主动句中可省略，在被动句中不能省略；keep sb / sth from doing sth 中 from 的不可省略。▲ 辨析： protect两词意义相近，但用法和意思略有差别。protect常用于protect sb / sth from / against sth 结构中，from或against 后常接名词．不接动词-ing形式。而prevent常用于prevent sb / sth from doing sth 结构中，而且只能与from连用，不能与against搭配．from后常接动词一ing形式，也可接名词。例如：My parents are trying to prevent me from going abroad.我父母极力阻止我出国。His advice prevented me from making a serious mis-take. 他的忠告使我免于犯下严重的错误。He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow. 他伸出胳臂护住脸部免受被拳击打。【考例3】 No one can prevent the plans ____ out.&&& A. to be carried&&& B. from being carried&&& C. not to carry&&& D. from carrying[考查目标] 考查 prevent 短语的搭配与语态的用法。[答案与解析]B& prevent sb. / sth tom doing sth 结合上下文，the plans应该“被实施”。故动名词用被动形式。15. recommend vt.& 推荐，介绍；劝告，建议；使可接受；使受欢迎；使成为& 可取；托(付)；交付& He recommended to try a new medicine.& 他建议试服一种新药。&The woman manager recommended her child to her& colleague.& 那位女经理把她的孩子托给同事照管。& Your plan has very little t0 recommend it.& 你的计划几乎毫无可取之处。& The dying man recommended his soul to God.& 这垂危病人把灵魂交付上帝。10. recover 恢复，病愈& (1) 通常作不及物动词用，名词为recovery。& Her father has fully recovered.& 她父亲已完全康复。& (2) 常与from连用，如：& He has just recovered from severe illness.& 他大病初愈。& The city is recovering from the effects of the& earthquake.& 这座城市正在从地震中恢复正常。【考点9】remember 的用法▲ 搭配：① be remembered as 作为……而被铭记② be remembered for... 因为……而被别人记住▲ 句型：① remember sth / that clause② remember to do sth (=don't forget to do sth) 记住要& 做某事③ remember doing sth (have done sth arid remember the& action) 记得曾做过某事④ remember + wh-clause⑤ remember me to sb 代我向某人问好▲辨析：memorize；recall；remember三词均与“记忆”有关．但memorize意为“记忆。默记”．指有意识地用心去记。remember意为“记得，想起”，指回忆或想起某事，表示没有刻意费心去想，有时也表示有意识地把某事记在心上。recall意为“追忆，回想”，指有意或努力追忆已忘记的事。例如：She finally memorized the poem. 她终于记住了那首诗。I can't recall the exact details of the report. 我记不起报告的确切细节。I shall always remember my first day in college. 我将永远记住我上大学的第一天。【考例9】(1999上海)-- Let me tell you something about the journalists.&-- Don't you remember ____ me the story yester—& day?&&& A. told&&& B. telling&&& C. to tell&&& D. to have told[考查目标] remember 在非谓语动词中的用法。[答案与解析]B& remember to do sth 表示“记得要做某事”；而rememberdoing表示“记得做过某事”。从上下文看应该是后者。16. response 回答；答复；反应& I've had no response to my letter.& 我还没有回信。& His appeal met with no (little) response.& 他的呼吁没有得到任何反应。& in response to [介] 回答……；回应【考点7】since 的用法▲ 搭配：ever since自从那时起一直到现在；since then从那时起，常与完成时连用；比较：from then on从那时起．常与一般过去时连用；after that从那以后，表示过去某一事件后。但并不延续到现在，常与一般过去时连用。After that he didn't say anything to other people. 从那以后，他和其他人什么也没说过。【考例7】(2004上海) The first use of atomic weapons&was in 1 945，and their power ____ increased enor-mously ever since.&&& A. is&&& B. was&&& C. has been&&& D. had been[考查目标] 考查时态在具体语境中的用法。[答案与解析]C ever since暗示应该使用现在完成时态，强调对现在的影响和产生的结果。【考点6】stop的用法▲ 搭配：① put a stop to 制止② come to a (sudden，complete) stop (突然) 停了③ bring sth to a stop 使……停止，使……终止▲ 句型：① sb / sth stop② sb stop sb / sth③ sb stop to do sth = sb stop and do sth 停止某事而去& 做另一件事④ stop doing sth停止做原来的某事⑤ sb / sth stop sb / sth (from) doing sth / being done& 阻止某人做某事／阻止某事被做▲辨析1：avoid；prevent；stop三词均意为“避免”，但avoid意为“避开，避免”，指避开人为的或自然产生的情况或结果。其后可接名词或动词。prevent意为“阻止，避免”，多指使用预防性或阻止性的措施来反对、阻止某事。其后可接名词、代词、动名词复合结构。常用的句型为：prevent...from。stop意为“阻止，避免”，与prevent相近，常用的句型为：stop...(from)，在被动句中from不能省略。例如：I crossed the street to avoid meeting my father. 我穿过马路以免遇到爸爸。These rules are intended to prevent accidents. 这些规章旨在防止事故发生。Her parents are trying to stop me seeing her. 她父母企图阻止我见她。▲辨析2：pause；stop两词均意为“停止”，但pause表示“停顿”的意思，指暂时停止。stop表示“停止。阻止”的意思，应用比较广泛。多用于口语中，其后面跟动名词或动词不定式，所表达的意思完全相反(见上)。【考例6】(MET 1990)She reached the top 0f the hilland stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of thepath. &&& A. to have rested&&& B. resting&&& C. to rest&&& D. rest[考查目标] 考查 stop 的用法。[答案与解析]C stop to do 表示“停下来做另外一件事情”；stopdoing sth 则表示“停止做原来的事情”。从上下文看应该选用to do sth。3. via& 1) prep.& by way of (sth.); through 经由，途经& to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin& 由北京经由天津去上海& go from London to Washington via New York& 2) by means of 通过；凭借& I sent a message to Mary via her brother.& 我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。【考点4】wound 的用法▲ 构词：wounded adj. 受伤的▲搭配：receive a wound = be wounded 受伤▲辨析：damage；destroy；harm；hurt；injure；ruin；spoil；wound这几个词都有“伤害”的意思。damage指伤害人或物而使之失去价值、功能或正常的外观。该词也可作名词，多用于自然灾害中的损害，相当于harm。destroy指具体的或抽象的事物受到彻底损坏而很难恢复，故常用来指“破坏、毁坏、摧毁”。harm常用于口语，一般只作及物动词，表示对……有害／损害，特指伤及一个人或其心情、健康、权利、事业等，并使之产生痛苦、损失或某种不幸遭遇。其名词为harm，只能作不可数名词，意为“损害、伤害”。hurt一般用语，既可以指肉体上的，也可以指精神上的，还可表示在事故中受伤。其名词为hurt，尤指精神上或感情上的伤害，肉体上的伤痛。injure主要指在事故中受伤。其名词是injury，平时的大小创伤或伤害，还可指事故中的伤害。rum多用于借喻中，有时泛指一般的“弄坏了”。spoil“损害，损坏，破坏”，指原来的质量、结构、安排、打算等遭到损害、破坏，而使某物无用或不能令人满意。wound常指在战争、暴力或灾害中受伤，也可指精神上的创伤。其名词是wound，指战斗中刀或枪的创伤、伤口。例如：His wife had an accident and damaged her bike. 他的妻子遇到了意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。The heavy storms destroyed a good part of our crops.几场暴雨把大部分庄稼都毁坏了。He didn't mean to harm you. 他不是故意伤害你的。I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 我本没想要伤害你的感情。There were tWO people injured in the car accident. 有两个人在车祸中受了伤。He ruined himself by gambling. 他因赌博毁了自己。Our holidays were spoilt by bad weather. 我们假日的乐趣被恶劣天气破坏了。The enemy fired and wounded some of our soldiers. 敌人开枪伤了我们的战士。【考例4】(2001上海) A bullet hit the soldier and he waswounded in ____ leg. &&& A. a&&& B. one&&& C. the&&& D. his[考查目标]考查固定搭配。[答案与解析]C& 本题考查动词wound sb. + 介词 in +the+身体的某一部位的固定搭配。11. 表示态度、语气的评注性状语归类：& generally speaking 一般说来& strictly speaking 严格说来& honestly speaking 诚实地说来& personally speaking 就我个人而言& exactly speaking 准确地说来& to tell you the truth 说实话& to be honest 老实说& believe it or not 信不信由你& judging from his appearance 从他的相貌来说& 上述用法系固定搭配，动词形式不因句子结构而变& 化，使用时应特别注意。如：& Personally speaking, he is fit for the work.& 我个人认为他胜任这项工作。& To be honest, I don't appreciate the style.& 坦率讲，我不喜欢这种风格。& Believe it or not, she'll no long be here.& 信不信由你，她不会再来这里了。[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(wound, stop, lack, manage, free, prevent, since, re—member, persuade)1. You are ____ to express whatever you want to at& the meeting.2. Do you think we'll ____ to finish the work by& Friday?3. There is a ____ of skilled labour in that country．4. We all tried to ____ him smoking in the room.& but he wouldn't listen t0 us．5. ____ to mail my letter.6. -- What was the party like?-- Wonderful. It's years ____ l enjoyed myself so&&& much.7. The number of deaths from heart disease will be re—& duced greatly if people ____ to eat more fruit& and vegetables.8. No one can ____ the plan from being carried out．9. Gunmen killed two people and ____ six others in& an attack today.&&& 【短语归类】【考点l】与as有关的短语① as with sb / sth / doing 如同……一样② as for 至于；就……而言③ as to 关于④ as far as 就……而论；据……⑤ as good as 几乎已经，实际已经⑥ as follows 如下⑦ as a whole 总的来说⑧ as a rule 一般说来，通常⑨ as a / the result of 由于⑩ as usual 像往常一样[例句] As with swimming, riding a bicycle does good toour health. 像游泳一样，骑自行车对我们的健康有好处。I enjoy going to the movies．But as for the theater, Iprefer staying at home. 我喜欢看电影，但至于看戏，我宁可呆在家里。I want your advice as to what I ought to do with Mr.Ernest．关于怎样和俄尼斯特先生打交道，我需要你的高见。【考例1】I enjoy going t0 the movies ____ the thea—tres.&&& A. as for&&& B. as with&&& C. as to&&& D. as from[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语的辨义问题。[答案与解析]B& as from 从……时起。题意是：我喜欢看电影像喜欢看戏剧一样。【考点2】与 chance 有关的短语① take every chance 利用机会；碰运气 (=take a& chance, take chances)② by chance = by accident 偶然地；无意中③ by any chance 万一[例句]Don't take chances by driving too fast. 不要开快车来冒险。I'll take my chance of being captured by the enemy. 我要冒着被敌人抓到的危险碰碰运气。【考例2】That's a chance I'll have to ____.&&& A. make&&& B. take&&& C. try&&& D. play[考查目标] 此题主要考查固定短语的搭配问题。[答案与解析]B& 在take a chance 短语中，不可用其他动词。13. in case of (in case) 以防，假使& In case of her being out, you may leave a massage.& 假如她不在家你可留张便条。& What shall we do in case he is absent at the meeting?& 万一他不来开会我们怎么办?& Take your raincoat, just in case.& 带上雨衣以防下雨。& [注意](1) in case of接名词或相当于名词的成分；in& case引导句子或单独使用，上面句子中just in case& 相当于just in case of rain。类似用法还有in this /& that case (要是这样 / 那样的话)，如：& In that case，we will not go with you.& 要是情况是那样的话，我们就不和你一起去了。& (2) in 与 ease 搭配也常表示“在……情况下”主要有& 以下词组：& in any case( 在任何情况下)& in all cases (在所有情况下)& in a particular case (在特殊情况下)& in some case (在某种情况下)& in no case( 在任何情况下都不，决不)& 如：In no case, can I lend money to him.& 在任何情况下我都不会借钱给他。12. in honor of (in sb's honor) 为了……纪念／庆祝，对& ……表示敬意／欢迎& A banquet was given in honor of the visiting president.& 举行宴会欢迎来访的总统。& A birthday party is being planned in our teacher's& honor.& 正在为我们的老师筹划一个生日聚会。& 试比较：for the honor of... (为了……荣誉)& He will try his best for the honor of his school.& 他会为学校的荣誉而努力。& 类似用法 in memory of (为了……纪念)，如：& The statue was built in memory of Mr. LuXun.& 这个雕塑是为纪念鲁迅先生而建的。14. make sure: to establish som&&& make certain 弄清楚；确保&&& Make sure he writes it down.&&& 让他一定记下来。&&& sure adj. (常与of，that连用) 确信的；肯定的&&& Please make sure that the house is locked before you&&& leave.&&& 请你确信是锁上房间后才离开的。& I'm not sure about the practicality of their plan.& 我还无法确定他们的那个计划的可行性如何。& (与to连用) 一定的；必定的& We are sure to benefit from the new timetable.& 我们肯定会得益于新的作息时间表。& There's sure to be a fuss when the owner of the house& finds the window's broken.& 房子的主人发现窗子被人打破时准会大吵大闹的。& sure adv. 一定地；必定地；无疑地& It sure was cold.& 的确是冷。& The teacher makes sure, too, that the child gets& enough rest and play, along with his education.& 教师还要保证每个孩子在接受教育的同时有充分& 的时间休息和游戏。& He said he would come with his wife, and sure enough& he did.& 他说他会带着妻子一起来的，果然他们来了。【考点4】make things / matters worse 使事情更糟① to make matters worse = what's worse = worse still& 更糟的是② what's more = besides 此外；而且[例句] I realized that anything I could say would onlymake matters worse. 我意识到只要我说话就会添乱子。It got dark, and to make things worse it began to rain.天黑了，更糟的是又开始下起雨来。▲ 辨析：make things worse是动词短语，而to makematters worse是副词短语。【考例4】He seemed to have n____, his clothes were not good enough.&&& A. what's worse&&& B. what's more&&& C. thus&&& D. therefore[考查目标] 此题主要考查副词在句意中的理解问题。[答案与解析]B& 题意是：他似乎不想去那里，此外，他的衣服也不够好。【考点3】与 mind 有关的短语① keep / bear / carry…in mind记住② have...in mind心中在想③ have a mind to do sth 打算做某事④ keep one's mind on / upon 聚精会神⑤ make up one's mind(s) 下决心⑥ Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦(谚语)。[例句] At this point I can't undertake to accept yoursuggestion，but l will keep it in mind. 在这一点上，我不能保证接受你的建议，但我会把它记在心里。Judging his achievement, we must bear in mind that hchas had no previous experience of this kind of work. 判断他的成绩时，我们要记住他以前并没有做过这种工作的经验。What do you have in mind? 你在想什么?【考例3】I could see he was not telling me all be____ in mind.&&& A. kept& &&B. had&&& C. carried&&& D. made[考查目标]此题主要考查短语的辨义和短语的搭配问题。[答案与解析]B& C、D两项显然错误。题意是：我能看出他没有把他所想的告诉我。【考点5】与moment有关的短语① for the moment 暂时 = for the present② for a moment 片刻③ in a moment 不久，立刻．马上④ at the moment 此时．现在⑤ the moment 一……就……= the minute / instant[例句] We aren't going to make any change for the mo-ment. 我们暂时不做任何改变。The new couple are traveling abroad at the moment. 那对新婚夫妇跟下正在国外旅行。【考例5】(2001京、蒙、皖春招)-- Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed& her?-- Yes, I gave it to her ____ I saw her.&&& A. while&&& B. the moment&&& C. suddenly&&& D. once[考查目标] 此题主要考查连词问题。[答案与解析]B& 先排除C项，因为suddenly是副词，不能引导从句。从上下句看。所欠的钱已还过，而且是．一看见她就还了，所以又排除D项，因为once舍有条件意味。while强调一段时间。9. suffer from 受……苦，遭……难，患……病& Most part of the country suffered fromthe heavy flood.& 这个国家的大部分地区遭受严重水灾。& His mother suffers from heart trouble.& 他母亲患心脏病。[牛刀小试2]1. Nothing definite has been arranged ____ its per-& formance.&&&& A. as if&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. as for&&&& C. as with&&&&&&&&&&&& D. as to2. We will ____ a chance on the weather and have& the party outdoors.&&&& A. take&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. try&&&& C. get&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. make3. I have tried to keep his advice in ____ when&& writing this book.&&&& A. head&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. heart&&&&& C. mind&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. brain4. I don't mind picking up your things from the store.&& ____, the walk will do me good.&&&&& A. Still&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. Worse still&&&&& C. Besides&&&&&&&&&&&& D. However5. He promised to attend to the cause ____ he&&& reached the office.&& &&&A. in a moment&&&&&& B. the moment&&&&& C. in case&&&&&&&&&&&& D. as far as&&& ☆词语比较☆1. persuade, advise& 两个词都有“劝”之意，persuade表示结果，advise只& 强调动作。& We advised (or: tried to persuade) him to stop talking,& but hc refused.& 我们劝(试图劝服)他别谈了但他不听。& I persuade him to stop smoking. tie now looks better.& 我劝服他戒了烟。现在他看f：去更健康了。& [注意] persuade 表示“说服某人做／不做某事”除了& persuade sb. to / not to do...结构，还有persuade sb.& into doing sth. / out of doing sth. 如：& He persuaded me into leaving soon.& 他劝服我马上离开。2. dead, deadly, dying& 三个词都可以作形容词，但含义各不相同。dead意& 为“死了”，反义词是alive，表示死亡状态；deadly意& 为“致命的”表示抽象意义；dying意为“临死的”。& The dog has been dead for hours.& 这条狗死了几个小时了。&That is a deadly snake. 这是一条致命的蛇。& The dying man tried to my mmething.& 这个快死的人试图想说什么。& [注意] dead，dying可在前面加 the 作名词用；deadly& 还有“死气沉沉”之意。如：& The dead (dying) were being taken away from the& spot.& 当时死者 (快死的人) 正从现场被抬走。& The lecture is deadly. Many began to leave.& 演讲太沉闷了。许多人开始离开。3. for the moment, for a moment& for the moment 意为“目前，暂时”，for a moment意& 为“(过)片刻，一会儿”。& They don't plan to move for the moment.& 他们目前不想搬走。& I will stay here for a moment. 我要在这里呆会儿。4. die of, die from, die for, die in& (1) die of 意为“因……而死”，原因多为来自内部、& 情感、冻饿和生病等，如：die of hunger (a fever,& thirst, sorrow, old age) 死于饥饿 (发烧、渴、忧伤、年& 老)& (2) die from 意为“由于……而死”，原因通常来自外部，如：die from wound (lack of food, an accident, overwork, drinking, pollution)死于外伤(缺乏食物、事故、过度劳动、饮酒、污染)(3) die for 意为了“为……而死”，如：& The soldier died for his motherland. 他为祖旧捐躯。& (4) die in 意为“死于……”，如：die in battle (战死)，& die greatly in debt (死于负债累累)，die in office (死& 于任职期间)5. reason, cause, excuse, grounds& (1) reason：理由，原因；指决定做某一件事或采取某& 一行动的理由，由此而得出结论或解释。& The reason for my absence was that l was ill. 这儿不能& 用because引导。& (2) cause：起因；指引起某种后果的起因。& The cause of the accident was the fact that he was& driving too fast. & 事故的起因是他开得太快。& (3) excuse：辩解，借口；指为某一行为所做的解释，可& 以是真的，也可以是托词。& Too much work is no excuse for not studying.& 工作太多不能成为不学习的理由。& (4) grounds：根据，理由；有根据的理由。& We have good grounds t。believe his story.& 我们有充分的理由相信他的话。6. still, quiet, silent& (1) still用作形容词，意为“静止的，不动的，平静的”。keep (stay) still 保持不动lie (stand) still 躺着(站着)不动a still lake / evening平静的湖／寂静的夜晚& 用作副词，表示“还，仍旧”，可以修饰形容词、副词比& 较级。& be still busy 仍然很忙& win still greater success 取得更火成功& (2) still 侧重“一动不动”，quiet指“安静”，无动作，无& 声音，无骚乱，其反义词是noisy (吵闹的、喧哗的)；& silent 指不出声，不说话。& 对比：sit still 坐着不动& Be quiet, and the class will begin.& 请安静，马上就要开始上课了。& Hearing the answer, he was silent for a minute or& more.& 听了回答之后，他沉默了一两分钟。&&& ☆句型诠释☆1. I can became infected with HIV by swimming...& 我可能通过游泳感染了 HIV (人体免疫缺损病毒)& ... by doing sth. “通过／以……(方式)”是个常见句& 型，在第7、8单元中大量使用，如：People transmit& HIV by having unprotected sex, by receiving infected& ...By staying Calm we will be...We can also prepare& for an emergency by learning more about...We can do& a lot...by simply asking...等必须熟练掌握。又如：& What do you mean by saying so?& 你这么说什么意思?& The little girl made a living by selling newspapers.& 小女孩以卖报为生。2. I wish that she were here with Ine and that we weren't& sick.& 我但愿她和我呆在这儿，但愿我们都健康。& 该句wish接两个that引导的从句。wish接that引& 导的从句通常用虚拟语气，表示强烈的愿望或现实& 与事实相反，通过从句中的动词过去某种时态来表& 现。& I wish your prngram would conic truth as soon as& possible.& 我希望你的计划能尽快实现。& How she wish that we had told her the news& yesterday! (In fact we didn't tell her yesterday.)& 她多么希望我们昨天告诉她这个消息了!3. There were days when I wished that I were dead so& that I wouldn't have to feel so sick.& 那些日子我多么希望我已经死了，这样我就没有必& 要忍受那么多的痛苦。& when 这儿接一个定语从句，先行词是days。I wish& 后接虚拟语气；so that用了一个目的状语从句。4. Many hospitals recommend that we use the letters DR& ABC to remember what to do when we have to think& fast.& 很多医院建议当我们需要快速思考的时候，我们应& 该用DR ABC来提醒我们该做什么。& 当 remmmend 后接宾语从句时，从句中通常用& should来表示虚拟语气，should还可以省略。类似的& 动词还有suggest，advise，demand，etc.& The teacher recommended that we (should) read the& novel.& 老师劝我们读那本小说。& The professor advised his little brother (should) study& harder when he was still young.& 那位教授建议他的弟弟趁年轻应该努力学习。5. As with most diseases and disasters, the young suffer& the most.& 就像大多数的疾病和灾难一样，最遭罪的是年轻人。& as with...正如……一样，完整的句子为"As it is the& same with..."。& As with drawing a picture, you should be patient and&&& careful in doing this job.&&& 正如画画一样，在做这件事时，你应该耐心细致。& 6. She might have been hit by a car.&&& 她也许被车撞了。&&& “情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对某一事实的假设&&& 或推测，但不同的情态动词表示不同的程度，肯定&&& 的程度如下：&&& must have done (肯定已经做了)&&& may have done (可能已经做了)&&& codd have done (可能已经做了)&&& might have done (也许已经做了)&&& [注意] (1) 这种用法通常不用must表示否定或疑&&& 问，而用can表示。&&& He can't have finished the work.&&& 他肯定没有完成这项工作。&&& Can you have informed her of the time for the meeting?&&& 你肯定通知她开会时间了吗?&&& (2) shouId have done 表示后悔或责备，意为“本应该&&& 做了(但事实上没做)”，可根据语境判断。&&& You are late again. You ____ ten minutes earlier．&&& A. must have come&&& B. should have come&&& C. could have come&&& D. might have come&&& 【解析】选B&& 该句表示一种责备，意为“你又迟到了，你本该早十分钟就到了”，其他选项均表示推测。7. The most important thing to keep in mind when&&& dealing with an emergency is to stay calm.&&& 处理紧急情况时要记住的最重要的事就是保持冷&&& 静。&&& 句型中两个不定式to keep，to stay分别作定语和表&&& 语。&&& The first thing for her to do is to tidy up the meeting&&& room.&&& 她第一件要做的事就是整理会议室。&&& What they need at preselat is to have the house painted.他们目前的要求就是把房子油漆一下。【句型归纳】【考点1】1 wish that she were here with me and weweren't sick. 我希望她还在，我们都没有病。本句中，要注意动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气。其用法为：①表示现存的祝愿和抱歉。从句的谓语用 be 和 were /& was (were更为常用)，实义动词用过去式。例如：& I wish they were at home this time. 但愿他们这次在& 家。② 表示对过去事情的遗憾，从句的谓语用过去完成时& 或could + 现在完成时。例如：& I wish I hadn't hurt him so much. 真后悔伤他这么& 重。③ 表示对将来事情的愿望．从句的谓语为would / &could / might + 动词原形。例如：& I wish I might be able to come tomorrow. 要是我明& 天能来就好了。【考例l】(2002上海)How I wish every family____ a large house with a beautiful garden!&&& A. has&&& B. had&&& C. will have&&& D. had had[考查目标] 本题考查wish后接宾语从句的用法。[答案与解析]B& wish后接宾语从句表示现在的祝愿时，从句的谓语用be和were (was)，实义动词用过去式。【考点2】It is safe to be friends with people who are livingwith HIV. 与感染了艾滋病毒的人交朋友是安全的。Cells either divide too fast or at the wrong time, makingit difficult for the body to function properly. 细胞分裂要么过快，要么在不恰当的时间分裂。使身体机能难以正常运转。这两句中。要注意it：第一句作形式主语．作引导词用．句型结构为：It is + adj / n (+ for / of sb) to do sth或lt is + adj./ n + 从句；第二句作形式宾语用。例如：It's hard to translate this sentence into English. 把这个句子翻译成英语很难。It requires patience to teach children. 教小孩子需要耐心。We find it hard to deal with him. 我们觉得跟他打交道很难。【考例2】Is ____ necessary to complete the designbefore National Day?&&& A. this&&& B. that&&& C. it&&& D. he[考查目标] 本题考查 it 作形式主语的用法。[答案与解析]C& 本题中，it作形式主语, 指代后面出现的动词不定式to complete the design before National&Day。而选项A中的this、选项B中的that都是指示代词。选项D中的he是人称代词，都不能充当形式主语。【考点3】Many hospitals recommend that we use lettersDR ABC to remember what to do when we have to thinkfast. 许多医院建议我们，在危急时刻采用DR ABC来记住我们要做的事情。本句中，recommend后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即should + 动词原形，其中。should可省略。这种用法的动词还有：suggest，insist，advise，order，demand，request，propose等。例如：The committee has recommended that the training pro—gramme be improved. 委员会已经建议过培训项目得改进。I suggest (that) they (should) not drive too fast. 我建议他们不要开得太快了。【考例3】(1994上海) Jane's pale face suggested that&she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she&&& ____ a medical examination．&&& A. should have&&& B. have&&& C. had&&& D. has[考查目标] 本题考查 suggest 的用法。[答案与解析]B& suggest是个常用动词，中学里学过两种含义。一是“to put forward (as a plan, thought)”(建议；提出)，后面跟的宾语从句的谓语一般由should加动词原形构成，或直接用动词原形；二是"to give animpression of" (表明；使人认为)，后面的谓语动词不用虚拟语气形式。此题中，编者有意将suggest的两种意思放在一个句子里，考生只有在理解两个suggest不同含义的基础上，才能正确选择从句中动词的用法。原句的意思是：珍妮苍白的脸色说明她病了，她的父母让她去查查身体。第一个suggest的意思是“表明、说明”，第二个suggest才有“建议、提出”的含义，所以第二个suggest后面的从句中的谓语要用虚拟语气结构。如果不理解句子的意思，只从形式去判断，很容易被选项A所迷惑。【考点4】We should never try to revive a person unless weknow how to do it. 除非懂得如何使人恢复知觉，否则不要轻举妄动。本句中，unless意为“if...not”，引导条件状语从句，表示“如果不……就……，除非……”。例如：You will fall behind unless you work harder. 你如果不努力，就会掉队。You'll catch cold unless you put on more clothes. 你会感冒的，除非你多穿点衣服。【考例4】(NMET 2004) ____ you call me to sayyou're not coming, I'll see you at the theater.&&&&& A. Though&&&&&&&&&&& B. Whether&&&&& C. Until&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. Unless[考查目标] 本题考查unless引导条件状语从句的用法。[答案与解析]D& 选项A中的though表示“虽然”；选项C中whether表示“是否”，引导名词性从句；选项B中的until表示“直到”；只有选项D中的unless表示条件，符合句意“我将在剧院等你，除非你打电话说不来了”。[牛刀小试3]1. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will&& need a lot of work before they can move in. (NMET&& 2001 )&&&&& A. they&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. it&&&&& C. one&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. which2. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths&& full. (NMET 1998)&&&&& A. it&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that&&&&& C. these&&&&&&&& &&&&&D. them3. Parents should take seriously their children's requests&& for sunglasses ____ eye protection is necessary&& in sunny weather. (2004 上海)&&&&& A. because&&&&&&&&&&& B. through&&&&& C. unless&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. if4.&& ____ be sent to work there? (2002 上海)&&&&& A. Who do you suggest&&&&& B. Who do you suggest that should&&&&& C. Do you suggest who should&&&&& D. Do you suggest whom should5. In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep&& order in an important football match. (2001 上海)&&&&& A. this&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. that&&&&& C. there&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. it6. The men will have to wait all day ____ the doc-&& tor works faster. (NMET 2002)&&&&& A. if&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. unless&&&&& C. whether&&&&&&&&&&& D. that&&& 【交际速成】【考点1】如何用英语表达祈使语气(NMET 1999)-- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____?-- But I fed it yesterday.&&&&& A. do you&&&&&&&&&&&& B. will you&&&&& C. didn't you&&&&&&&&& D. don't you[答案与解析]B& 这道题考查的是祈使句的反意疑问句。Sit down, will you? You drive the car, will you?这类语句俯拾即是。故只有B项正确。【归纳】祈使句的主语是you(听话人)．通常不说出．用以表示请求或命令等。祈使句的谓语动词一律用动词原形。在英语中用来表达祈使语气常见的方式有：①肯定结构，例如：& Be careful!小心!②否定结构，形式为don't…，例如：& Don't be late!不要迟到!& 一Mother，I'm going out for a play．妈妈。我要出去& 玩。& 一Don't be long!别玩太久。③用let结构，例如：& 1．et's starfwork at once．我们马上开始：J：作吧。④有主语的结构．例如：& You clean the blackboard．你去擦黑板。⑤加强语气的结构，例如：& Do come，please!请务必来!【考点2】怎样用英语表达喜悦或不幸的应答(NMET 1999)-- I had a really good weekend at my uncle's. -- ____. &&& A．Oh, that's very nice of you&&& B．Congratulations&&& C．It's a pleasure&&& D．Oh, I'm glad to hear that[答案与解析]D这道题考查的是对喜悦的应答用语。A项表示对别人的夸奖和赞美，英美人士一般以致谢表达礼貌和自信，或对别人提供帮助表示感谢；B项表示对别人的成功表示祝贺；C项则表示愿意为你效劳。根据上下文可知。对方是说“周末在叔叔家过得很开心”，那么应答者应替对方感到高兴。故只有D项正确。【归纳】常见的对喜悦或不幸的应答用语还有：①I'm sorry to hear that．②Really?③I wish…④lf we／they were to…we／they could…⑤Is that so?例如：-- My mother has caught a bad cold. 我妈妈得了重感& 冒。-- I'm sorry to hear that. 真遗憾。【考点3】怎样用英语表达建议或征求对方意见(2002北京春招)-- I've got your invitation.-- Oh, good. ____.&&&&& A. Can you come?&&&& B. Thanks a lot.&&&&& C. I'll take it.&&&&&&&& D. May I help you?[答案与解析]A& 此题考查交际语言中表达建议或征求对方意见的具体运用。A项表示“你能来吗?”，这是征求对方意见；B项表示“感谢”。但是没有表示邀请；C项则表示“我买了”。与上文不符；D项表示“有什么要我做的吗?”。故只有A项正确。【归纳】交际语言中表达建议或征求对方意见时．常见的方式有：① 用Shall开头的一般疑问句。其肯定回答一般可用：& All right()K；Good idea等。② 用Let's...?表示“让我们(包括双方在内)做某事”。& 例如：& Let's go and see the pandas.③ 用 Why not...?后接不带to的不定式(即动词原& 形)，是省略形式。完整句为Why don't you / they /& we…? 意思是“为什么不……?”例如：& Why don't you try again?：Why not try again?④ 用What about...? 意为“……怎么样?”后可接名词，& 代词和动名词。例如：&&I'm going to the park. What about you?⑤ 用had better意为“最好”，“还是……好”，常用于口& 语，后接动词原形。例如：& You had better stay at home.⑥ 用祈使句的“否定形式Don't...”。例如：& Don't play in the street．⑦ Would you like + 短语?“……怎么样?”后接sth或& to do sth，例如：& Would you like another cup of tea?⑧ Will you please + 动词原形?“请你……好吗?”例如：& Will you please come tomorrow?[牛刀小试4]1.& -- Never go out at night, child.&&& -- ____.&&&&& A. You don't know about it&&&&& B. I'm so foolish as that&&&&& C. Yes, 1 will do&&&&& D. I won't2. -- Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomor-&&&&& row.&& -- ____. (NMET 1994)&&&&& A. I don't&&&&&&&&&&& B. I won't&&&&& C. I can't&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. I haven't3. -- I'm sorry. I broke your mirror.&& -- Oh, really? ____. (NMET 1996)&&&&& A. It's OK with me&& B. It doesn't matter&&&&& C. Don't be sorry&&&&& D. I don't care4. -- Peter was killed in a car accident!&& -- ____ I talked with him yesterday morning.&&&&& A. What a pity!&&&&&& B. I beg your pardon.&&&&& C. Sorry to hear that.& D. Is that so?&&& ☆精典题例☆(& ) 1. -- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.&&& -- Thanks. You ____ it. I could managed it&&& myself. (2005 福建)&&& A. needn't do&&& B. needn't have done&&& C. mustn't do&&& D. shouldn't have done&&& 【解析】选D& “情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对过去某一事实的假设或推测，根据上下文可以得知凯瑟琳自己可以做，所以对方“本不必做”。(& ) 2. Mum is coming. What present ____ for your&&& birthday?& (2005& 福建)&&& A. you expect she has got&&& B. you expect has she got&&& C. do you expect she has got&&& D. do you expect has she got&&& 【解析】选C& do you expect 通常被看作插入语，而不写成Do you expect what she has got，所以后面的宾语从句仍用陈述语序。(&&& )3. I always take something to read when I go to the&&& doctor's ____ I have to wait. (2005& 全国II)&&& A. in case&&& B. SO that&&& C. in order&&& D. as if&&& 【解析】选A&& in case引导句子或单独使用，上面句子中in case I have to wait “以防我去等”，使上下文逻辑通顺。(& )4. -- I'm afraid Mr. Wood can't see you until 4&&& o'clock.&&& -- Oh, ____ I won't wait. (2005& 浙江)&&& A. no doubt&&& B. after all&&& C. in that case&&& D. in this way&&& 【解析】选C& in this / that case (要是这样／那样的话)。(& )5. He ____ hav otherwise,&&& he wouldn't be enjoying hirnself by the seaside.&&& (2005北京)&&& A. should&&& B. must&&& C. wouldn't&&& D. can't&&& 【解析】选A&& 根据下文“否则他在海边没法玩得痛快。”可以推出上一句“他本应该要完成他的工作。”shouldhave done表示后悔或责备，意为“本应该做了(但事实上没做)”。(& )6. I ____ have been more than six years old when&&& the aecident happened. (2005& 天津)&&& A. shouldn't&&& B. couldn't&&& C. mustn't&&& D. needn't&&& 【解析】选B“情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对过去某一事实的假设或推测。尤其用来表示否定的推测则用"can't / couldn't have done"。本句译为：当事故发生时我不可能大于六岁。(& )7. -- Do you know where David is? I couldn't find&&& him anywhere.&&& -- Well. He ____ have gone far — his coat's&&& still here. (2005湖北)&&& A. shouldn't&&& B. mustn't&&& C. can't&&& D. woldldn't&&& 【解析】选c同第6题，表示否定的推测。(&&& )8. If I ____ plane to do anything I wanted to, I'd&&& like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of&&& it as possible. (2005湖北)&&& A. would&&& B. could&&& C. had to&&& D. ought to&&& 【解析】选B&& 本题考查if引导的虚拟语气结构。从I'd like to go...判断，本句为与现在事实相反，故选B。(& )9. -- Don't you think it necessary that he ____ to&&& Miami but to New York?&&& -- I agree, but the problem is ____ he has&&& refused to. (2005& 江苏)&&& A. that&&& B. that&&& C. what&&& D. what&&& 【解析】选B& 本题既考查了虚拟语气的用法，又考查了表语从句的用法。由necessary引导的主语从句或宾语从句，需要用shouId do，而他是要“被派往”迈阿密，所以第一空用(should)not be sent，而第二空在be动词之后需要用一个表语从句，由于句子结构完整，所以用that。(& )10. -- How do you ____ we go to Beijing for our&&& holidays?&&& -- I think we'd better fly there. It's much more&&& comfortable. (2004福建)&&& A. insist&&& B. want&&& C. suppose&&& D. suggest&&& 【解析】选A& 本题考查insist表示“坚持”时所带的宾语从句用虚拟，即：insist that sb. (should) do sth. 所以本题选A。&
圆梦名校网络课程—文科套装原价:1900优惠价：900
圆梦名校网络课程—理科套装原价:1900优惠价：900