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初中虚拟语气讲解及专项练习与答案(带解析)|
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英语的动词有三种语气形式即陈述语气和陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问可用于陈述句疑问句和某些感叹句中祈使语气用于表示请求命令建议或警告等虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式用来表达假设主观愿望猜测建议可能或空想等非真实情况如分&&&&类陈述语气、和作&&&&用用来表达假设、主观愿望等
He is honest. 他很诚实 陈述语气
Dont be late next time. 下次别迟到 祈使语气
If I were you I would not go. 我要是你我就不会去 虚拟语气
I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多很多钱就好了 虚拟语气虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的此时主句不用虚拟语气而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想与事实相反或不大可能会发生此时用虚拟语气如
If I have timeI will go. 假若我有时间我就去 陈述语气 If I were youI would go. 假若我是你我就去 虚拟语气
主句谓语形式
条件句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
would/should/could/might+ V原形
动词过去式 did
*be 多用were
1. If I were you, I should study English.
2. I would certainly go if I had time.
与过去事实相反
would/should/could/might + have done
动词过去完成式
1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test.
2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
与将来事实相反
would/should/could/might + V原形
①动词过去式
②should +V原
③were + to do
1.If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. ①
2. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.③
*规律总结从句都往过去推一个时态如与现在相反的if从句就用过去时与过去相反用过去完成时即过去的过去
注特别说明
1l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事might表示可能性could表示能力允许或可能性比较
If you tried again you would succeed. 要是你再试一试你就会成功的 (would表结果)
If you tried again you might succeed. 要是你再试一试你可能会成功的 (might表可能)
If you tried again you could succeed. 要是你再试一试你就能成功了(could表能力)
2错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致如从句指过去而主句即指的是现在或将来此时应根据具体的语境情况结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话现在地面就会是湿的
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话你现在就会好多了
3If虚拟条件句的否定含蓄条件句 常考两个句型If it werent for…和If it hadnt been for…其意为若不是(有) 要不是如
If it werent for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长
If it hadnt been for your assistance we wouldnt have succeeded.
=But for your assistance we wouldnt have succeeded.
=Without your assistance we wouldnt have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助我们不会成功的
4If虚拟条件句的倒装形式即把were, had, should置于句首例
Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would work harder.如果我能再上一次学我会学习得更努力
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)如果你问我我会告诉你使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句
1.*wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于hope表示一般可以实现的希望宾语从句用陈述语气wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气试比较
1 We hope they will come. (We dont know if they can come.)
2 We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)我们希望他们能来
2.if only 与 I wish一样也用于表示与事实相反的愿望其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同
If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
*if only 通常独立使用没有主句
3.l would rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气 表示&宁愿做什么& 具体用法为
①　一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
Id rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去
②　用过去完成时表过去的愿望
Id rather you hadnt said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过
4.l as if (though)从句用虚拟语气
以as if (as though)引导的或表语从句有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同例
He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人
He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国
注两点说明
(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实也可用陈述语气
It looks as if well be late. 我们似乎要迟到了
(2) 注意 It isnt as if…的翻译
It isnt as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)从句中should+动词原形should可省略
1. 在 lest for fear that( 以免) ,in case(以防)引导的中的虚拟语气
She walked quietly lest she (should)wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友
2. 表应当做 值得做 一类动词后的宾语从句
建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command
请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct
督促urge提议move, vote
希望desire坚持insist
打算intend安排arrange
I insisted that he (should)stay. 我坚持要他留下
He urged that they go to Europe. 他督促他们到去
He suggested that we shouldleave early. 他建议我们早点动身
He ordered that it (should)be sent back. 他命令把它送回去
I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开
He requires that I (should)appear. 他要求我出场
I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案
He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外
She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏
*suggest表暗示insist表坚持说时不用虚拟语气
He insisted that Ihad read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣
3. order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句
Our suggestion is that you shouldbe the first to go 我们的建议是你应该第一个去
4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order
l It is (was)+ 紧急 重要-- 带感情色彩
上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词 或
important,natural,strange ,necessarysurprised, appropriate等形容词 后的主语从句
1. It is ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m.
2. It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once.
注*It is necessaryimportantstrangenatural advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. it is a pityIt is requested/suggested/desired/proposed
Its time后的从句用虚拟语气
从句谓语通常用过去式表示 (早)该干某事了
*有时也用过去进行时或should+动词原形(较少见且should不能省略)
ex. Its time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了
Its time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了(不用were)
It's time = It is (the very/high/right/about) time
表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气
May godbless you.愿上帝保佑你
May you enjoy many years of health and happiness.祝您健康长寿美满幸福
在少数句型中谓语用虚拟语气
1由that引导的句子表示愿望或沮丧情绪
That the rain would stop.但愿雨能停下来
2由would that引导的句子表示但愿
Would that he were gone.但愿他已走掉
3由to think引导的句子表示没想到
To think that I trusted him.没想到我竟然信了他1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式 be 一律用were
例如I wish I knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事
I wish that the experiment were a success.我希望这个实验是成功的
We wish we had wings.我们希望有翅膀
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词
例如I wish that you hadcome yesterday.我希望你昨天来过
I wish that I could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去
I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.我没有去参加晚会但是我真的希望我去过那里
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词
例如I wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次尝试
I wish that someday I should live on the moon.
We wish that they would come soon.
II. ASif 引出的虚拟
As if….表好像……我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态It is as if…… (就好象是……)
As if + 从句 主句 好像…… Sb.+ do…表达一种假设的条件而 As if 之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样
L. 33 A Day to Remember 句 As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives. 就利用了和现在事实相反的假设虚拟新东方名师指出要善于总结出一些学习语法的技巧如利用对比举例等方法进行学习
注Something is to happenedI'm to face it使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点
1当表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时被称为动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整如
If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years time.
2if 省略句
在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 变为倒装句式如
If I were at school again, I would study harder.
→ Were I at school again, I would study harder.
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.
→ Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
→ Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
注意若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时不能用动词的缩略形式如我们可以说Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但不能说Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.
3用介词短语代替常用的介词有with, without, but for如
What would you do with a million dollars? ( = if you had a million dollars)
We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help. ( = if we hadn't got your help)
But for the rain ( = If it hadn't been for the rain ), we would have finished the work.
4含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句而通过其他手段来代替条件句
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. (副词)
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词)
A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. 定语从句
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)
Everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly. ()
混合型与含蓄型虚拟语气
1混合型虚拟语气
当虚拟条件从句与结果主语所表达的时间不一致时被称为混合条件句这种虚拟语气被称为混合型虚拟语气动词的形式要根据它所表达的时间作相应调整如
If you had followedthe doctor's advice ,he would be all right now.(条件从句表达的时间是过去因此用had+过去分词主句表示的时间是现在因此用would+动词原形)
2.含蓄型虚拟语气
有时候虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示而是暗含在上下文中
1.用but for without(如果没有等来代替条件从句如
Without electricity human life would be quite different=If there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different
(2) 用otherwiseor(or else),even though等表示与上文的情况相反从而引出如
I lost your address.Otherwise,I would have visited you long before. =I lost your address.If I hadn't lost your address ,I would have visited you long before.
(3) 虚拟条件通过but暗示出来如
He would have given you more help,but he was too busy
他本来会给你更多的帮助但是他太忙了也就是说如果那时他不忙他可以给你更多的帮助句中but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件如果那时他不忙
He would lose weight,but he eats too much
他本来可以减肥的但是他吃的太多了也就是说如果他吃得不多的话他是可以减肥的句中的but he eats too much实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件如果他吃得不多
新手上路我有疑问投诉建议参考资料 查看日期：。17.C。should/ought to have done表示&本来应该做的事而事实上并未做&。根据上下文，句中省去了seen her。
18.C 回答must引起的问句，否定回答用needn&t或don&t have to.
19.C I&m sorry/surprised/disappointed之后的从句中，有时采用虚拟语气should do来表示&难过、惊奇&等情绪。
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　- - - - - - - -高分请教英语语法问题！（情态动词、虚拟语气）时间紧急~回答得好再加分！_百度知道
高分请教英语语法问题！（情态动词、虚拟语气）时间紧急~回答得好再加分！
《情态动词》 1.you __ finish the wash-up,i could have done it. A.needn't B.didn't have to 【答案：B】（why？） 2.there __problems with traffic at that time of the evening. A. needn't be B.shouldn't be 【答案：A】（why？怎 么翻译？） 3.If you __ take a seat for a moment,she will be with you soon. A. may B. will 【答案：B】（why？怎么翻译？） 4.he said he __ get tired when he played table tennis. A. didn't ues to B. usen't to 【答案：A】（语法书上举的例子都表明AB二者意思都一样啊——“过去常常 ”的否定嘛，这边到底有什么差别呢？） 5.she __by credit card but she preferred to use cash. A. could have paid B. must have paid 【答案：B】（ 这句怎么翻译？） 《虚拟语气》 6. i thought it strange that he __ the las钉浮草荷禺沽碴泰厂骏t exam. A.not pass B.had not passed 【答案：A】(为什么it后没有 be动词？)
{我所列的是一些比较难的题目。只要对我所列的问题进行解释就可以了，不用从头给我补语法了~谢谢！}
提问者采纳
动词的语气——虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)一、语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如:
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:
与现在事实相反:
从句: 动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）
主句:would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反 : 从句 :had + 过去分词
主句 :would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反 :
从句:动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形
主句 : would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿 ，一切都没问题了。2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't
(couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should
(would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶
奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在) 5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式: (l)省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。
(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就……)；I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成……)6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。(1)省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了&If you had wanted to&)(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)；If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)三、虚拟语气的其他用法l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在&It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that…&这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should+动词原形”结构，表示某事是&重要&、&奇怪&、&自然&、&必要&等意义。如: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)；2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用&had+过去分词&。如: I wish (wished) I hadn’t spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)；3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为&would+动词原形&。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；I wish you would come soon. 但愿你立刻来。
(2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他都去办公室。
(2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had+过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人钉浮草荷禺沽碴泰厂骏似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。(3)在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用 “could或might（有时也用should）+ 动词原形”。如: Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could (might) hear clearly. 格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。
4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在&It is time (that) …&句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是&该干某事的时候了&。如: It’s (high) time we did our homework. 我们该做作业了。5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。(2)在一些习惯表达中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我宁愿不告诉你。(3)用“may + 动词原形”表示&祝愿&、&但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。
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