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虚拟语气--高考必备
1．虚拟语气在状从句中的用法
★★★★★ 必背结构：
与现在 事实反 动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形
与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词
与将来事实相反 动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形
★★★★★必背例句：
If my brother were here, everything would be all right.
要是我哥哥在这儿 ，一切都没问题了。
2、If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't
have failed in the exam.
如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会 不可能 考试不及格。
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should
would，could，might
go to see my grandmother.
如果明天是星期天，我就
可能 去看望我奶奶。
If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out.
如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。
If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.
如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。 混合条件句
Should he come
If he should come , tell him to ring me up.
他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。
Were I you
If I were you , I would not do it.
我要是你，就不做这事。
Without air
If there were not air , there would be no living things.
如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。
9、But for your help
If it hadn’t been for your help
I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
10、I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them.
If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.
我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。
11.、I would have finished the work, but I have been ill.
If I hadn’t been ill, I
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＞＞＞But for the fact that China _________ also affected by the g..
But for the fact that China _________ also affected by the global economic crisis, we _________ fewer unemployed workers now.A． would haveB． would haveC． would have hadD． would have had
题型：单选题难度：偏易来源：不详
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“But for the fact that China _________ also affected by the g..”主要考查你对&&虚拟语气，情态动词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
现在没空？点击收藏，以后再看。
因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
虚拟语气情态动词
虚拟语气的概念：
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用：
一、真实条件句：真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型：条件从句：一般现在时；主句：shall/will+动词原形 如：If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题： The volleyball match will be put off if it___. A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained 答案：B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will。如：&（错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.&&&&&&&&& （对） If you leave now, you will never regret it. &&&&&&&&&&& 2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 二、非真实条件句：非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。& 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a. 同现在事实相反的假设。句型：从句：一般过去时；主句：should(would)+动词原形 如：If they were here, they would help you. b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型：条件从句：过去完成时；主句：should(would)have+过去分词 如：If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. &&&&&&& The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. &&&&&&& If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. c.表示对将来的假想句型：条件从句：一般过去时；主句：should+动词原形 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&从句： were+不定式；主句：would+动词原形 should+动词原形 如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. &&&&&&& If you should succeed, everything would be all right. &&&&&&& If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 三、混合条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 如：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） &&&&&&& If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 比较if only与only if：
only if表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。 如：I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 &&&&&&& If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。 &&&&&&& If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。&It is(high) time that It is(high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 如：It is time that the children went to bed. &&&&&&& It is high time that the children should go to bed.& need“不必做”和“本不该做"”didn't need to do表示：过去不必做某事，事实上也没做。needn'thavedone表示：过去不必做某事，但事实上做了。 如：John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. &&&&&&& 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。&&& &&&&&&& John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. &&&&&&& 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。) 典型例题：There was plenty o ftime. She___. A. mustn't have hurriedB. couldn't have hurriedC. must not hurryD. needn't have hurried 答案：D。needn't havedone. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 Mustn't have done用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done,“不可能已经”。must not do不可以（用于一般现在时）特殊的虚拟语气词should 的用法：
1）It is demanded/necessary/a pity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形，should可省略。句型： 如：It is suggested that we(should) hold a meeting next week. &&&&&&& It is necessary that he(should) come to our meeting tomorrow. 2）在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist+(should)do 如：I suggest that we(should) hold a meeting next week.&&&&&&&&He insisted that he(should) be sent there. 注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 如：The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错：（错）You pale face suggests that you(should) be ill.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&（对）Your pale face suggests that you are ill. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& （错）I insisted that you(should) be wrong. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& （对）I insisted that you were wrong. 3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 如：My idea is that we(should) get more people to attend the conference. &&&&&&& I make a proposal that we(should) hold a meeting next week. 虚拟语气知识体系：
虚拟条件句的倒装：
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。 如：Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.&&&&&&&&&&&&Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.&&&& &&&&&&& Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。 如：If I were you, I would go to look for him.& 如果我是你，就会去找他。 &&&&&&& If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。典型例题：_____to do the work, I should do it some other day.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&A. If were I&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B. I were&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. Were I&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. Was I 答案：C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前，变成were, should, had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do.，而不能说Weren't I to do。情态动词的概念：
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。几组词的辨析：
1、need和dare的用法：need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。 （1）用作情态动词：&如：—Need I come? 我需要来吗？&&&&&&&& —Yes, you must. 需要。 &&&&&&&& You needn′t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。&&&&&&&&&&I don′t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。&&&&&&&&&&She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 &&&&&&&& How dare you say I′m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平？ &&&&&&&& Not one of them dared mention this.他们谁也不敢提这件事。 （2）用作实义动词： 如：You don′t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 &&&&&&& We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。 &&&&&&& The table needs painting(to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。 &&&&&&& We should dare to give our own opinion.我们要敢于提出自己的观点。 &&&&&&& He did not dare(to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。 &&&&&&& I dare day he′ll come again. 我想他会再来的。2、can和be able to：（1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。 如：Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。 （2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was∕were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。 如：He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn′t feel like it that day. &&&&&&& 他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。 &&&&&&& Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。 3、must和have to：must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间，在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。 如：I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。 &&&&&&& We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。 4、would和used to：（1）usedto表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况。如：People used to think that the earth was flat. &过去人们认为地球是平的。（现在人们不这么认为。）&&&&&&& &She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country. &&&&&&& 在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。（可能现在仍有散步的习惯。） （2）used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。 如：He used to∕would smoke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽烟。 &&&&&&& She used to be fat. 她过去很胖。 情态动词的基本用法：1、can(could)： 1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。 如：Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。 &&&&&&& Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？ 2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 如：The temperature can fall to–60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. 气温可降至-60℃，也就是零下60℃。 &&&&&&& He can′t(couldn′t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。&& &&&&&&& You mustn′t smoke while you′re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.& &&&&&&& 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 3）表示允许。 如：Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？ &&&&&&& He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 如：Where can(could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？ &&&&&&& He can′t(couldn′t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。 &&&&&&& How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？ 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 如：Can(Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？ &&&&&&& I′m afraid we couldn′t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。 2、may(might)： 1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。 如：You may take what ever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。 &&&&&&& He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。 &&&&&&& May(Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式：如：Yes, please./Certainly. /Please don′t./You′d better not./No, you mustn′t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。 2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 如：He may be at home. 他可能在家。 &&&&&&& She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。 &&&&&&& He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。& 如：They might be having a meeting, but I′m not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 3、must：1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。 如：We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 &&&&&&& You mustn′t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。 &&&&&&&& —Must we hand in our exercise-books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？ &&&&&&&& —No, you needn′t./No, you don′t have to.不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustn′t） 2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。 如：He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 如：She′s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot o fmoney. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。 4、shall：1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 如：Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？ &&&&&&& Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？ &&&&&&& What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？ 2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 如：You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令） &&&&&&& You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺） &&&&&&& He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告） 如：Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心） 5、will：1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。 如：I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 &&&&&&& None is so blind as those who won′t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。 &&&&&&& If you will read the book, I′ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。 2）表请求，用于疑问句。 如：Will you close the window? It′s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。 &&&&&&& Won′t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？ 3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 如：Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。&&&&&&& The door won′t open. 这门打不开。 &&&&&&& The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.& &&&&&&& 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。 6、should：1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。 如：You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 &&&&&&& You shouldn′t waste anytime. 你不应该浪费时间。 2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。 如：The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。&&&&&&& &&&&&&& They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。 7、would：1）表意愿。 如：They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。&&&&&&&&&I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 如：Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？ &&&&&&& Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？ &&&&&&& They wouldn′t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。 3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 如：Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。8、ought to：1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。 如：You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。 &&&&&&& You oughtn′t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。 如：Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。 &&&&&&& There′ it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。 9、used to：表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。 如：He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city. 他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。 &&&&&&& There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。 &&&&&&& I usedn′t (didn′t use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。 &&&&&&& Used you(Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？情态动词的其他用法：首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作（如写，读，跑），而情态动词只是表达的一种想法（如能，也许，敢）。用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形：句：I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 如：We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。 &&&&&&& May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ &&&&&&& Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？ &&&&&&& You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。情态动词知识体系：
&情态动词表推测的三种句式： 1、在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，may（可能），might/could（也许，或许）。如：He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。&&&&&&&&&It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。 2、否定句中用can't/couldn't (不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。如：It can't/couldn't be the headmaster. He has gone to America.& 这不可能是校长，他去美国了&&&&&&& He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。 3、疑问句中用can/could(能……?)。如：Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？&&&&&&& Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。情态动词表推测的三种时态：1、对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词+动词原形”。如：She must/may/might/could arrive before 5.& 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。 &&&&&&& She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.&&&&&&& 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。 2、对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词+be”，“情态动词+bedoing”或“情态动词+动词原形”。如：He must/may/might/could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。&&&&&&& He can't(couldn't)/may(might) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。&&&&&&& Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can(could) he be late for the opening ceremony? &&&&&&& 布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？ 3、对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词+have+过去分词”。如：It must/may/might/ could have rained last night. The ground is wet. 地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。&&&&&&& The door was locked. He can(could) not/may(might) not have been at home. 门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。&&&&&&& &&&&&&& Can/Could he have gotten the book？难道他找到书了吗？注：情态动词should/ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应……”但与“have+过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。如：It's seven o'clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. &&&&&&& 现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测）&&&& &&&&&&& She should/ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital.（虚拟）&&&&&&& 她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。& &&&&&&& Tom should not/ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm.（虚拟）&&&&&&& 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。
发现相似题
与“But for the fact that China _________ also affected by the g..”考查相似的试题有：
372451452155436838347954435737347971虚拟语气的用法
一，if条件句中
if 引导的条件句中，如果所说的与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其具体的规则如下：
主句&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
与现在事实相反&&&&&&&&&&
would/should/could+动词原形&&
一般过去时
与过去事实相反&&&&&&&&&&
would/should/could have done&&
过去完成时
与将来事实相反&&&&&&&&&&
would/should/could+动词原形 Should+动词原形/一般过去时/were to+动词原形
注意：虚拟语气中的be动词，一般用were，少用was
(1)与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用did(be用were，少用was )，主句谓语动词用would(should,
could,might)+do
If the weather were fine , they would go for a swim. ( In fact it
is rainy ,so they won’t go for a swim, )如果天气好， 他们就去游泳了。
If we had time now , we should read it again . (In fact now we have
no time to read it again . ) 要是现在有空， 我们就把它再看一遍。
If John had his way [为所欲为], he would spend all of his time playing
tennis. = John wants to play tennis
often如果让约翰由着性子来，他会把所有的时间都用来打网球的
If you dropped the glass , it would break . ( In fact the glass
wouldn’t drop . )
(2)与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用 would(should,could,might)+ have
If he hadn't lived among the workers for so many years, he wouldn't
have been able to write such a good
novel假如他没有和工人一起生活这么多年，他不可能写出这么好的小说
Mary could have gotten better grades if she had studied more= Mary
did not get better grades because she did not
study如果玛丽再刻苦一点，她会取得更好的成绩
The project would have been approved [批准；赞成]if it hadn't been for
the budget=The project was not approved because the budget was
high[高的 [预算].如果不是预算的原因，这个项目是会被批准
If we had needed to get in touch with them, we could have sent a
telegram= We did not send a telegram because we did not need to get
in touch with them. 如果我们当时需要和他们联系，我们会发电报的
If we had arrived on time, we would have gotten good seats= We did
not get good seats because we were late如果他主动向她提出邀请，她是会和他一起去的
We would have been here sooner if we hadn't gotten lost= We were
not here sooner because we got lost如果我们没有迷路的话，我们会早一点到达有
I should have died of hunger if the Communist Party had not come in
1949=I am alive because the Communist Party came in 1949.
要是一九四九年共产党不来的话，我是会饿死的
(3)与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用did(should+do或were + to do)，主句谓语动词用
would(should,could,might)+do。
If she should come , I would / should ask her for help .
If I were to go home tomorrow , I could have some delicious
dumplings . ( In fact I don’t have time to go home to eat dumplings
tomorrow .Maybe your mother telephoned me that she would cook
dumplings tomorrow )
注意： 在if 条件句中，还有其它用法
if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should
移到主语前面，从句可摆放在主句前或后。
Were she younger, she would do it= She would do it were she younger
. 如果她年青点， 她就会干的
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visit her.= He would
had gone to visit her had he known her address .
如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的
Should it happen , what would you do ? 如果 真发生这样的事， 你怎么办呢？
Were I you , I would go .
Should it be fine , we would go for an outing .
Had they time , they would certainly come and help us .
在虚拟语气的主句中，情态动词可用could(能够) , might(或许，可能) , should 替换would .
意义有点不同。
If he were here , he might agree with you . 如果他在这儿，他可能同意你。
If it should rain , the crops could be saved . 如果下雨，庄稼很有可能得救。
If she should come , I would ask her for help .
万一她来的话，我就请她帮忙。
3. 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。但意义上却仍存在。(通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but, otherwise,
unfortunately等类似转折词.这是含蓄虚拟。)The old man’s hands shook
constantly . Otherwise he would be still working .
这位老人的手不停地颤抖，否则他现在仍然在工作。
Our monitor was absent , or I would not have taken the chair.
我们的班长缺席，否则我是不会主持会议。
He would have given you more help but he was very
busy.他会给你更多的帮助的但是他很忙。
I could help you. But I am so busy with doing my homework .
我本来可以帮助你
She would have come to see you , but she was so busy that day
I would have come earlier , but I didn’t know you were waiting
I thought the children would be sleeping when we returned home ,
but they were still awake .
If I had time. 　　我要有时间该多好啊
She should have come to the party. But unexpectedly a guest visited
her. 她应该来参加聚会。 　　
If he had much more money. 　　如果他有更多的钱就能...。
虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致,即混合虚拟。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily
now.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在就会容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he
wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好
If you were to master English , you should have worked hard .
If he had followed the doctor’s advice , he would be quite all
right now .
I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all
possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.
(该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。)
If I had taken your advice , I should have no trouble with the work
It it had rained last night , it would be very cold today .
5. 有时虚拟条件不用条件句if 而有介词短语表示。
Without air , there wouldn’t be living things in the world .
Without electricity , nothing could be done now .
But for you , I would be in hospital now . 要不是你， 我现在还在医院呢。
Without water , there would be no life. 没有水就没有生物。
With your help , we might finish the work
earlier.有你的帮助，我们可能早点做完这工作。
But for your help , I would have failed.要不是你的帮助，我就会失败。
6．省去了结果主句的虚拟结果(常用以表示愿望)，一般在if only 句型中”要是…就好了”,和I wish
虚拟表示形式一样.
If only I could help you .
If only the wind would stop .
If only I had attended yesterday’s lecture.
If only I had more money , I could buy a car .
7．If it be not for
…”要不是….”也是一种条件虚拟语气从句。
if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but
If it were not for the guidance of the Party committee, we should
fail. 如果不党委的指导，…
If it had not been for the help of our teacher , we should not have
made so much progress.
If it were not for the collective strength, it wouldn’t have been
possible for us to live so well .
If it had not been for me , you wouldn’t be free.
要不是我，你就不会自由。
二.用于wish后的宾语从句
wish表示强烈的主观愿望，其后的宾语从句通常用虚拟语气。
表示与现在习惯或事实相反的愿望用"过去时"或"were doing(持续性动词)"
I wish I were rich .
I wish I were an attractive girl.
I wish that he weren’t so lazy
表示对未来事件的愿望用"could /would do"或"were doing(瞬间动词)
I wish he would try again .
He wishes I would help him .
I wish I could help him .
I wish she would be on my side .
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all
right, but I wish he would buy one of his own
表示对过去事件的愿望用"过去完成时"或"could /would +have done"
I wish you hadn’t told me all this .
I wish I had worked hard at English in junior middle school .
The picture exhibiti I wish I had not gone to
三 .虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同
They talked as if they had been friends for
years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。 She looks as if she would
cry.她看起来好像要哭了
注意：在so that，in order
that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气She
stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her
mother．He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss
She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly
what he wanted = If she listened carefully , she might discover
exactly what he wanted.
She looked after him as if he were her own child.
It looks as if it might rain .
She talked about Beijing as though she had been there .
四.特殊形式的虚拟语气
虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。
1. 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有: prefer建议advise建议
propose提议,suggest ,command命令 demand要求 require 需要 request要求
ask要求&& urge强调，促进, order命令
,recommend 推荐
She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体）
She insisted that she (should) go alone .
He suggested that we (should) put the match off.
He demanded that the new passage not be recited .
He insisted that all of us (should )be there on time by any means
The teacher suggested that we ( should) clean the blackboard after
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by
themselves .
I suggest that we ( should) set off at once.
The doctor insisted that the patient ( should) be X-rayed.
注意：suggest”暗示，表明”，不用虚拟语气，而要用陈述语气。
Your silence suggests you agree with me . 你的沉默表示你同意我的意见。
2. 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that主语从句中
It is suggested /requested /
proposed/required/ordered/demanded/recommended /insisted that
It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios not be
played after 11 o’clock at night. 旅馆管理部门恳求客人晚上11点这后不要开收音机。
It is desired that we (should) get everything ready this evening .
希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。
It is requested that Professor Li (should) give us a speech .
3. 用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有： advice忠告
decision决定demand要求 desire要求、愿望 insistence坚持order命令
proposal提议&&&
recommendation推荐request要求&&
requirement要求&&&&&
resolution决心 suggestion劝告、忠告
Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．My advice is
that we（should）send for Doctor Li．DO you know the order that
you（should）keep watch？
We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off .
我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。
The suggestion that the mayor present /give away the prizes was
accepted by everyone．由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。
It was suggested that measures be taken to minimize the damage.
有人建议采取措施把损失降到最小。
My proposal is that he be in charge of the whole
thing.我建议由他来负责整件事。
虚拟语气用在It is ＋形容词＋that的主语从句中
在某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等形容词后的主语从句中，需用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should
＋动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形。这类形容词有:
advisable（合理的）desirable（理想的），essential（必要的）natural（自然的），necessary（必要的）probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）
pity可惜，憾事&& shame遗憾, no wonder
，shocked震惊的keen渴望的vital 极其重要的
注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以for…to do… 来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 It is
essential that he should be prepared for this. =It is essential for
him to be prepared for this. It's necessary that we should have a
walk now. 　　我们有必要出去散散步。 It's natural that she should do so.
　　她这样做是很自然的。 It's important that we should take good care of the
patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 It is essential that these application forms
be sent back as early as possible．这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的
It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the
project．重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。
It is important that students (should) attend all the lectures.
所有的学生都应该去听讲座，这是很重要的。
It’s a great pity that he should be so
conceited.真遗憾他竟会这样自高自大。
5． 在in case , for fear (that), lest
引导的从句中，谓语用“should +动词原形。” 但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。She
took her raincoat with her in case ( for fear that , lest ) she (
should) be caught in the rain . 她带了兩衣，以免兩淋。
Lest anyone should think it strange, let me assure you that it is
quite true.
我向你们保证那是真事，以免有人觉得奇怪。
Remind me of it in case I ( should ) forget . 提醒我一下， 以免我忘了。
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should
occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.
她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell
lest he injure himself.
The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him.
这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。
***6．特殊&&
“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气用“had
hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。I had hoped that
she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to
stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国（这里特别注意不要理所当然的认为had hoped
后面用would have done）五.在特定的句型中，从句用一般 过去时表示虚拟。
1.用于It's(high /about/really / quite )time后的 that从句
It's(high /about)time
that从句这一句型中，that从句的谓语动词应用"过去时"表示虚拟。整个句型表达"该到……时候了"或"该……"之意。that常被省略。
“ You are very selfish . It’s high time you realized that you are
not the most important person in the world, “ Edgar said to his
boss angrily . 埃德加怒气冲冲地对老板说："你太自私了。你也该认识到你并非是这个世界上最重要的人物。"
It's already 5 o'clock now．Don't you think it's about time we went
home？现在已经5点钟了，你不认为我们应该回家了吗？
By my watch , it is five o’clock . It is time that we went home for
It is really time you made up your mind to marry .
注：①在This is the first time ／second time
that．．．句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。Is this the first time that you have
Hongkong？这是你第一次参观香港吗？&&&&
②It's time to do something
It is time for me to go home for supper.
2．用在would rather(‘d rather ) would（just）as soon，would sooner，would
prefer（希望）,后的宾语从句中。表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望.
从句谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去已经做的事，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same
office. 这位经理宁愿女儿不和他在同一办公室工作
You don't have to be in such a hurry．I would rather you went on
business first．你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。
To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the
case．坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。
I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time
being．我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。
Frankly speaking ，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for
the time being．坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。
Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed
early？为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢？
I would just as soon you had returned the book
yesterday．我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
I would rather he came tomorrow than today.John would rather that
she had not gone to the party yesterday evening
I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.
I would just as soon you had returned the book
yesterday．我真希望你昨天把这本书还了
注：①若某人愿自己做某事， would rather后用动词原形 I would rather stay at home
today．&&&&&
② would rather．．．than．．．中用动词原形 I would rather stay at home than go
out today．
3.在Would you mind if
+从句中？从句用一般过去时。Would you mind if I opened the window ? (更加委婉的语气)=Do you mind if I open the window ? = Do you mind my opening the
六.虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令
1．常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）
May you be happy. 　祝你幸福。 May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
May you succeed .祝你成功。 May the friendship between us last long.
　　祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
2用动词原形。.Long live the people! 人民万岁！
“God bless you,”said the
priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！
3表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）God
save me．Heaven help
us．4表命令1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple
Present)，如：work, be , go4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。Work !Work harder
!Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be)You go out ! 你出去！Do not work so hard.
(do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do
七.让步状语从句中，从句使用虚拟语气。(***特殊)
1.Wether she be right or wrong, we will support
her.无论对错，我们都支持她的选择。
2.Be he rich or poor, I will marry
him all the same.无论贫穷富贵，我都要嫁给他。（常见句型，切记）
& =Wether he be poor or
rich,&I will marry him all the
3.Be that as it may,We have nothing
to lose.即便如此，我们也毫无损失。（倒装句）
& =Although it may be that,we have nothing to
4.Come what may,we will never give
up. 无论发生什么，我们绝不妥协。
& =No matter what happens,we will never give
紫色字样均为习语，需牢记)
1.as it were 姑且可以说,在某种程度上（有虚拟）
He is,as it were, a walking dictionary.他简直就是本活字典。
事实上,顺其自然（没有虚拟）=actually
I thought he would get better. As it is, he is getting
worse.我以为他会变好。事实上,他愈变愈糟。
Be that as it may, I'll leave it as it is. 无论如何我们也只能听其自然。
3.if need be =if necessary
如若有必要。
I will help you, if need be.
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