英语词汇的奥秘：学习英语者经常遇到这种情况：虽然已认识了moon(月亮),可却不认识lunar(月亮的),luniform(月形的),lunate(新月形的),demilune(半月,新月),plenilune(满月)...等词；这些词都与“月亮”有关，但不知为什么在这些词里却不见“moon“的面孔。原来英语词汇有一个特点：即每一个基本意思都有两种（或二种以上）符号来表示，如：moon,lun都表示“月亮”；see,vis 都表示“看”等。英语中存在着一类是可以独立使用的符号——单词（如moon,eat等），另一类是不可独立使用的符号——词根（如lun,vis等），正是这种“一个意义，二种符号”的现象形成了数以万计的英语词汇。英语词根是有限的，但是它们的能量很大，它们“领导”和”统辖“了英语中约80%的词汇，这是我们快速、科学、有效记忆大量英语词汇基础。请看下面的示例：
1. 前缀 + 词根：re- （前缀，表示：回） + port （词根，表示：拿） ——> 报告，汇报 （把消息、情况等“带回来”——>报告）
2. 词根 + 后缀：ori （词根，表示：升起） + -ent （在这个单词中是名词后缀）——>orient 东方 （太阳“升起”的地方——>东方）
3. 前缀 + 词根 + 后缀： pre-（前缀，表示：前） + sid （词根，表示：坐） -ent （后缀，表示人）——> president 总统，大学校长 （开会时“坐在前面的人”——>主事者，指挥者 ——>总统，大学校长）
4. 前缀 + 词根 + 后缀：im- （前缀,表示：无） + medi （词根，表示：中间） + -ate （后缀，形容词后缀表示：...的）——>immediate 立刻的，直接的 （“没有中间空隙时间的”，“当中没有间隔的”——>立刻的）
什么是英语词根：词根（Root）是构词的基本词素，它与词缀相对，并带有主要的词汇信息。词根分为两种，能独立构词的是自由词根（Free Root），如frieng,white,wash等；必须与其他词素合构词的是粘附词根（Bound Root），如vis,manu,lect等。英语词根是一个单词的根本部分，是一个单词的核心，它表示一个单词的基本意义，认识了一个词根就可以认识一群单词，例如认识词根lun(月亮)就可以认识一系列与“月亮”有的词群。
什么是英语词缀： R.哈特曼的《语言与语言学词典》定义很有代表性：词缀是前缀、后缀、中缀的总称。它是加在词基上以构成新词干（Stem）的词素，或是提供屈折成分的词素。
英语词汇音变规律：现代英语及其主要词汇来源的拉丁语、法语、希腊语等都是原始印欧语不断发生方言变化形成的，英语单词发生有规律的音变后形成的同源异形根的音变了，但其基本意思一样。
英语词源：任何一个英语字母，任何一个单词，都有其来源，都有一段我们已知或未知的故事，研究英语词源对于研究词根、词缀、记忆单词是非常有帮助的。
几种符号说明：1.后面有短横线“-”的,如：pre-,anti-等,表示前缀。2.前面有短横线“-”的,如：-ist,-ous等,表示后缀。3.前后都有短横线“-”的,如：-i-,-u-等,表示中缀。4.前后都没有短横线“-”的,如：lun,hydro等,表示词根或单词。文档分类：
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fields or soil agriculture, agroindustry-al Noun: action, result of action referral, disavowal, disposal, festival-al, -ial, -ical Adjective: quality, relation structural, territorial, categoricalalb, albo white, without pigment albino, albiteali, allo, alter otheralias, alibi, alien, alloy, alter, alter ego,altruismalt high, deep altimeter, altitudeam, ami, amor love, like, liking amorous, amiable, amicable, enamouredambi both ambidextrousambul to walk ambulatory, amble, ambulance, somnambulist-an Noun: person artisan, guardian, historian, magicianana, ano up, back, again, anew anode, anagram, ic-ance, -enceNoun: action, state, quality orprocessresistance, independence, extravagance, fraudulence-ancy, -ency Noun: state, quality or capacity vacancy, agency, truancy, latencyandr, andro male, characteristics of men androcentric, androidang angular angleanim mind, life, spirit, anger animal, animate, animosityann, annu, enni yearly annual, annual, annuity, anniversary, perrenial-ant, -entNoun: an agent, something thatperforms the actiondisinfectant, dependent, fragrant-ant, -ent, -ientAdjective: kind of agent,indicationimportant, dependent, convenientante beforeanterior, anteroom, antebellum, antedate, antecedentantediluviananthrop man anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropyanti, ant against, oppositeantisocial, antiseptic, antithesis, antibody,antinomies, antifreeze, antipathyanti, antico old antique, antiquated, antiquityapo, ap, aph away from, detached, formed apology, apocalypse, aphagiaaqu water aqueous-ar, -aryAdjective: resembling, relatedtospectacular, unitaryarch chief, first, rulearchangel, architect, archaic, monarchy, matriarchy,patriarchy, Archeozoic era-ard, -art Noun: characterized braggart, drunkard, wizardaster, astr star aster, asterisk, asteroid, astronomy, astronaut-ate Noun: state, office, fuction candidate, electorate, delegate-ate Verb: cause to be graduate, ameliorate, amputate, colligate-ate Adjective: kind of state inviolate-ation Noun: action, resulting state specialization, aggravation, alternationauc, aug, aut to originate, to increase augment , author, augment, auctionaud, audi, aur, aus to hear, listenaudience, audio, audible, auditorium, audiovisual,audition, auricular, ausculateaug, auc increase augur, augment, auctionaut, auto selfautomobile, automatic, automotive, autograph,autonomous, autoimmunebar weight, pressure barometerbeon, around, over, about,excessively, make, cause, name,affectberate, bedeck, bespeak, belittle, beleaguerbelli war rebellion, belligerent, casus belli, bellicosebene good, well, gentlebenefactor, beneficial, benevolent, benediction,beneficiary, benefitbi, bine two biped, bifurcate, biweekly, bivalve, biannualbibl, bibli, biblio book bibliophile, bibliography, Biblebio, bi life biography, biology, biometricsm biome, biospherebrev short abbreviate, brevity, briefcad, cap, cas,ceiv, cept, capt,cid, cipto take, to seize, to holdreceive, deceive, capable, capacious, captive,accident, capture, occasion, concept, intercept,forceps, except, reciprocatecad, cas to fall cadaver, cadence, cascade-cade procession motorcadecalor heat calorie, caloric, calorimetercapit, capt head decapitate, capital, captain, captioncarn flesh carnivorous, incarnate, reincarnation, carnalcat, cata, cath down, with catalogue, category, cathetercaus, caut burn, heat caustic, cauldron, cauterizecause, cuse, cus cause, motive because, excuse, accusationceas, ced, cede,ceed, cessto go, to yield, move, go,eed, proceed, precede, recede, secession,exceed, essioncent hundred centennial, century, centipedecentr, centri center eccentricity, centrifugal, concentric, hrom color chrome, chromosome, polychrome, hron timechronology, chronic, chronicle chronometer,anachronism, synchronizecide, cis, cise to kill, to cut, cut downfratricide, homicide, incision, incision,circumcision, scissorscircum aroundcircumnavigate, circumflex, circumstance,circumcision, circumference, circumorbital,circumlocution, circumvent, circumscribe,circulatorycit call, start incite, citation, citeciv citizen civic, civil, civilian, civilizationclam, claim cry outexclamation, clamor, proclamation, reclamation,acclaimclin lean, bend decline, aclinic, inclinationclud, clus claus to close, shutinclude, exclude, clause, claustrophobia, enclose,exclusive, reclusive, concludeco, cog, col, coll,con, com, corwith, togethercohesiveness, cognate, collaborate, mitment, compress, contemporary, pact, confluence, convenient, concatenate,conjoin, combine, correctcogn, gnos to knowrecognize, cognizant, diagnose, agnostic, incognito,, con plete, compel, conscious, condense, confess,confirmcontr, contra,counteragainst, oppositecontradict, counteract, contravene, contrary,counterspy, contrapuntalcord, cor, cardi heart cordial, concord, discord, courage, encouragecorp bodycorporation, corporal punishment, corpse, corpulent,corpus luteumcort correct escort, cortagecosm universe, world cosmos, microcosm, cosmopolitan, cosmonautcour, cur, curr,cursrun, course occur, excursion, discourse, courier, coursecrat, cracy rule autocrat, aristocrat, theocracy, technocracycre, cresc, cret,creasegrow create, crescent, accretion, increasecrea create creature, recreation, creationcred believecreed, credo, credence, credit, credulous,incredulous, incrediblecresc, cret, rise, grow crescendo, concrete, increase, decrease, accruecrease, crucrit separate, choose critical, criterion, hypocritecur, curs runcurrent, concurrent, concur, incur, recur, occur,courier, precursor, cursivecura care curator, curative, manicurecycl, cyclo wheel, circle, circular Cyclops, unicycle, bicycle, cyclone, cyclicde-from, down, away, to do theopposite, reverse, againstdetach, deploy, derange, decrease, deodorize,devoid, deflate, degeneratedec, deca ten, ten times decimal, decade, decalogue, decimate, decathlondec, dign suitable decent decorate dignitydei, div God divinity, divine, deity, divination, deifydem, demo people, populace, population democracy, demography, demagogue, epidemicdent, dont tooth dental, denture, orthodontist, periodontalderm skin, covering hypodermic, dermatology, epidermis, taxidermydi-, dy- two, twice, double divide, diverge, diglyceridesdia through, across, betweendiameter, diagonal, dialogue dialect, dialectic,diagnosis, diachronicdic, dict, dit say, speakdictation, dictionary, dictate, dictator,Dictaphone, edict, predict, verdict, contradict,benedictiondis, difnot, opposite of, reverse,separate, deprive of, awaydismiss, differ, disallow, disperse, dissuade,divide, disconnect, disproportion, disrespect,distemper, disarraydit give credit, auditdoc, doct teach, provedocile, doctor, doctrine, document, dogma,indoctrinatedominmaster, that which is undercontroldominate, dominion, predominant, domaindon give donate, condonedorm sleep dormant, dormitorydox thought, opinion, praise orthodox, heterodox, paradox, doxology-drome run, step syndrome, aerodrome, velodromeduc, duct to lead, pullproduce, abduct, product, transducer, viaduct,aqueduct, induct, deduct, reduce, inducedura hard, lasting durable, duration, enduredynam power dynamo, dynamic, dynamite, hydrodynamicsdys-bad, abnormal, difficult,impaired, unfavorabledysfunctional, dyslexia, dyspathye-not, missing, out, fully, work relatedemit, embed, eternal,ether, erase, email, e-tailerec- out of, outside echo, eclipse, eclectic, ecesis, ecstasy, exzemaeco-household, environment, relatingto ecology or economyecology, economize, ecospheres, ecomanagementecto- outside, external ectomorph, ectoderm, ectoplasm-ed Verb: past tense dressed, faded, patted, closed, introduced-edAdjective: having the quality orcharacteristics ofwinged, moneyed, dogged, tiered-en Verb: to cause to e lengthen, moisten, sharpen-en Adjective: material golden, woolen, silkenen-, em-put into, make, provide with,surround withenamor, embolden, enslave, empower, entangle-ence, -encyNoun: action or process, qualityor statereference, emergency, dependence, eminence, latencyend- inside, withinendorse, endocardial, endergonic, endoskeleton,endoscope, endogenousepi-upon, close to, over, after,alteredepicenter, epicarp, epilogue, epigone, epidioriteequi- equalequidistant, equilateral, equilibrium, equinox,equation, equator-er, -ier Adjective: comparative better, brighter, sooner, hotter, happier-er, -orNoun: person or thing that doessomethingflyer, reporter, player, member, fryer, collector,concentrator-er, -or Verb: action ponder, dishonor, clamorerg work, effectenergy, erg, allergy, ergometer, ergograph,ergophobia-erycollective qualities, art,practice, trade, collection,state, conditionsnobbery, bakery, geenery, gallery, slavery-es, -iesNoun: plural of most nouns endingin -ch, -s, -sh, -o and -z and somein -f and -ypasses, glasses, ladies, heroes-es, -iesVerb: third person singularpresent indicative of verbs thatend in -ch, -s, -sh, - and somein -yblesses, hushes, fizzes, defies-ess female actress, goddess, poetess-est, -iest Adjective or Adverb: superlative latest, strongest, luckiest, lyingestev-, et- time, age medieval, eternalex-out of, away from, lacking,formerexit, exhale, exclusive, exceed, explosion, ex-mayorexter-, extra-,extro-outside of, beyondexternal, extrinsic, extraordinary, extrapolate,extraneous, extrovertfa, fess speak fable, fabulous, fame, famous, confess, professfac, fact, fec,fect, fic, fas, feado, makedifficult, fashion, feasible, feature, factory,fact, effect, manufacture, amplification, confectionfall, fals deceive fallacy, falsify, fallaciousfemto quadrillionth femtosecondfer bear, carryferry, coniferous, fertile, defer, infer, refer,transferfic, feign, fain,fit, featshape, make, fashion fiction, faint, feignfid belief, faith confide, diffident, fidelityfid, fide, feder faith, trustconfidante, fidelity, confident, infidelity,infidel, federal, confederacy, semper fifig shape, form figurem, effigy, figure, figmentfila, fili thread filigree, filament, filter, filet, filibusterfin end, ended, finishedfinal, finite, finish, confine, fine, refine, define,finalefix repair, attach fix, fixation, fixture, affix, prefix, suffixflex, flect bendflex, reflex, flexible, flexor, inflexibility,reflect, deflect,circumflexflict strike affliction, conflict, inflictflu, fluc, fluv,fluxflowinfluence, fluid, flue, flush, fluently, fluctuate,reflux, influx-fold Adverb: in a manner of, marked by fourfoldfor, fore before forecast, fortune, foreseeforc, fort strength, strongeffort, fort, forte, fortifiable, fortify, forte,fortitudeform shape, resembleform, format, conform, formulate, perform, formal,formulafract, frag, frai breakfracture, infraction, fragile, fraction, refract,frailfuge flee subterfuge, refuge, centrifuge-fulNoun: an amount or quanity thatfillsmouthful-fulAdjective: having, giving,marked byfancifulfuse pour confuse, transfuse-fy make, form into falsify, dandifygam marriage bigamy, monogamy, polygamygastr, gastro stomach gastric, gastronomic, gastritis, gastropodgen kind generousgen birth, race, producegenesis, ics, eugenics, genealogy, generate,ic, antigen, pathogengeo earth geometry, geography, geocentric, geologygerm vital part germination, germ, germanegest carry, bear congest, gestationgiga billion gigabyte, gigaflopgin careful gingerlygloss, glot tongue glossary, polyglot, epiglottisglu, glo lump, bond, glue glue, agglutinate, conglomerategor to gather, to bring together category, categorizegrad, gress, greeto gather, to bring together,step, gograde, degree, progress, gradual, graduate, egressgraph, gram, graf write, written, drawgraph, graphic, autograph, photography, graphite,telegram, polygraph, grammar, biography, lithograph,graphicgrat pleasing congratulate, gratuity, grateful, ingrategrav heavy, weighty grave, gravity, aggravate, gravitategreg herd gregarious, congregation, segregate, gregarianhale, heal make whole, sound inhale, exhale, heal, healthy, healthinesshelio sun heliograph, heliotrope, heliocentrichema, hemo blood hemorrhage, hemoglobin, hemophilia, hemostather, here, hes stickadhere, cohere, cohesion, inherent, hereditary,hesitatehetero other, different heterodox, heterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodynehex, ses, sex six hexagon, hexameter, sestet, sextupletshomo same homogenize, homosexual, homonym, homophonehum, human earth, ground, man humus, exhume, humanehydr, hydra, hydro waterdehydrate, hydrant, hydraulic, hydraulics, hydrogen,hydrophobiahyper over, abovehyperactive, hypertensive, hyperbolic,hypersensitive, hyperventilate, ichypn sleep hypnosis, hypnotherapy-ia Noun: names, diseases phobia-ian, an Noun: related to, one that is pedestrian, human-iatry Noun: art of healing psychiatry-ic Adjective: quality, relation generic-ic, icsNoun: related to the arts andsciencesarithmetic, economics-ice Noun: act malice-ify Verb: cause specifyignis fire ignite, igneous, ignition-ileAdjective: having the qualitiesofprojectilein, im into, on, near, towards instead, importin, im, il, ir notillegible, irresolute, inaction, inviolate,innocuous, intractable, innocent, impregnable,impossible, imposterinfra beneath infrared, infrastructure-ingNoun: material made for,activity, result of an activityflooring, swimming, building-ing Verb: present participle depicting-ing Adjective: activity coheringinter between, amonginternational, intercept, interject, intermission,internal, intermittent,intrawithin, during, between layers,underneathintramural, , intranatalintro into, within, inward interoffice, introvert, introspection, introduce-ion Noun: condition or action abduction-ishAdjective: having the characterofnewish-ismNoun: doctrine, belief, action orconductformalism-ist Noun: person or member podiatrist-ite Noun: state or quality graphite-ity, ty Noun: state or quality lucidity, novelty-ive Noun: condition native-ive, -ative,-itiveAdjective: having the quality of festive, cooperative, sensitive-ize Verb: cause fantasizejac, ject throwreject, eject, project, trajectory, interject,dejected, inject, ejaculate, adjacentjoin, junct joinadjoining, enjoin, juncture, conjunction,injunction, conjunctionjudice judge prejudicejug, junct, just to join junction, adjust, conjugaljuven young juvenile, rejuvenatelabor work laborious, belaborlau, lav, lot, lut wash launder, lavatory, lotion, ablution, dilutelect, leg, lig choose, gather, select, read collect, legible, eligibleleg law legal, legislate, legislature, legitimize-less Adjective: without, missing motivelesslevi light alleviate, levitate, levitylex, leag, leg law legal, college, leagueliber, liver free liberty, liberal, liberalize, deliverancelide strike collide, nuclideliter lettersliterary, literature, literal, alliteration,obliterateloc, loco place, area location, locally, locality, allocate, otionlog, logo, ologyword, study, say, speech, reason,studycatalog, prologue, dialogue, zoology, logoloqu, locut talk, speak eloquent, loquacious, colloquial, circumlocutionluc, lum, lun, lus,lustlighttranslucent, luminary, luster, luna, illuminate,illustratelude play prelude-ly Adverb: in the manner of fluentlymacr-, macer lean emaciated, meagermagn great magnify, magnificent, magnanimous, magnate,magnitude, magnummain strength, foremost mainstream, mainsail, domain, remainmal bad, badlymalformation, maladjusted, dismal, malady,malcontent,malfunction, malfeasance, maleficentman, manu hand, make, domanual, manage, manufacture, manacle, manicure,manifest, maneuver, emancipate, mand mandatory, remand, mandatemania madness mania, maniac, kleptomania, pyromaniamar, mari, mer sea, pool marine, marsh, maritime, mermaidmatri mother matrimony, maternal, matriarchate, matronmedi half, middle, between, halfway mediate, medieval, Mediterranean, mediocre, mediummega great, millionmegaphone, megaton, megaflop, megalomaniac,megabyte, megalopolismem recall, remember memo, commemoration, memento, memoir, memorablement mind mental, mention-ment Noun: condition or result documentmeso middle mesomorph, mesoamerica, mesospheremeta beyond, changemetaphor, metamorphosis, metabolism,metahistorical, metainformationmeter measure meter, voltammeter, barometer, thermometermetr admeasure, apportion metrics, asymmetric, parametric, telemetrymicro small, millionthmicroscope, microfilm, microcard, microwave,micrometer, microvoltmigra wander migrate, emigrant, immigratemill, kilo thousand millennium, kilobyte, kilotonmilli thousandth millisecond, milligram, millivoltmin little, small minute, minor, minusculemis wrong, bad, badlymisconduct, misinform, misinterpret, mispronounce,misnomer, mistake, misogynistmit, miss sendemit, remit, submit, admit, commit, permit, transmit,omit, intermittent, mission, missilemob, mov, mot move motion, remove, mobile, motormon warn, remind monument, admonition, monitor, premonitionmono onemonopoly, monotype, monologue, mononucleosis,monorail, monotheist,mor, mort mortal, death mortal, immortal, mortality, mortician, mortuarymorph shape, formamorphous, dimorphic, metamorphosis, morphology,polymorphic, morpheme, amorphousmulti many, muchmultifold, multilingual, multiped, multiply,multitude, multipurpose, multinationalnano billionth nanosecond, nanobucksnasc, nat, gnant,naito be born nascent, native, pregnant, naivenat, nasc to be from, to spring forth innate, natal, native, renaissanceneo newNeolithic, nuveau riche, neologism, neophyte,neonate-ness Noun: state, condition, quality kindnessneur nerve neuritis, neuropathic, neurologist, neural, om law, order autonomy, astronomy, gastronomy, economynom, nym name nominate, synonymnomen, nomin name nomenclature, nominate, ignominiousnon nine nonagonnon not nonferrous, nonsense, nonabrasive, nondescriptnov new novel, renovate, novice, nova, innovatenox, noc night nocturnal, equinox, noctilucentnumer number numeral, numeration, enumerate, innumerablenumisma coin numismaticsob, oc, of, op toward, against, in the way oppose, occur, offer, obtainoct eight octopus, octagon, octogenarian, octaveoligo few, little Oligocene, haride, oligotrophic, oligarchyomni all, every omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, omnivorousonym name anonymous, pseudonym, antonym, synonymoper work operate, cooperate, opus-or Noun: condition or activity valor, honor, humor, minorortho straight, correct orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic, unorthodox-ory Noun: place for, serves for territory, rectory-ous, -eous, -ose,-iousAdjective: having the quality of,relating toadventurous, courageous, verbose, fractiousover excessive, above overwork, overall, overworkpac peace pacifist, pacify, pacific oceanpair, pare arrange, assemblage, two repair, impair, compare, preparepaleo oldPaleozoic, Paleolithic, ism,paleopsychologypan allPan-American, pan-African, panacea, pandemonium(place of all the demons),para besideparadox, paraprofessional, paramedic, paraphrase,parachutepat, pass, path feel, suffer patient, passion, sympathy, pathologypater, patr father paternity, patriarch, patriot, patron, patronizepath, pathy feeling, suffering pathos, sympathy, antipathy, apathy, telepathyped, pod footpedal, impede, pedestrian, centipede, tripod,podiatry, antipode, podiumpedo child orthopedic, pedagogue, pediatricspel, puls drive, push, pel, dispel, expel, repel, propel, pulse, impulse,pulsate, compulsory, expulsion, repulsivepend, pens, pond hang, weigh pendant, pendulum, suspend, appendage, pensive,播放器加载中，请稍候...
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最完整的英语词根词缀表Root, Prefix orSuffixMeaning Examplesa, ac, ad, af, ag,al, an, ap, as, atto, toward, near, in addition to,byaside, pany, adjust, aggression, allocate,annihilate, affix, associate, attend, adverba-, an- not, withoutapolitical, atheist, anarchy, anonymous, apathy,aphasia, anemiaa...
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