jc东京英文★性热★视频★地址是？美。BT。卡通。BXX激成f5

来源：蜘蛛抓取(WebSpider) 时间：2012-05-10 06:52 标签： 东京英文
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, 2006, Pages 241–256
An analysis of mechanisms for submesoscale vertical motion at ocean fronts, , , a Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USAb Physics Department and SMAST, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USAWe analyze model simulations of a wind-forced upper ocean front to understand the generation of near-surface submesoscale, O(1 km), structures with intense vertical motion. The largest vertical velocities are in th their maxima are situated at approximately 25 m depth and magnitudes exceed 1 mm/s or 100 m/day. They are correlated with high rates of lateral strain, large relative vorticity and the loss of geostrophic balance. We examine several mechanisms for the formation of submesoscale structure and vertical velocity in the upper ocean. These include: (i) frontogenesis, (ii) frictional effects at fronts, (iii) mixed layer instabilities, (iv) ageostrophic anticyclonic instability, and (v) nonlinear Ekman effects. We assess the role of these mechanisms in generating vertical motion within the nonlinear, three-dimensionally evolving flow field of the nonhydrostatic model. We find that the strong submesoscale down-welling in the model is explained by nonlinear Ekman pumping and is also consistent with the potential vorticity arguments that analogize down-front winds to buoyancy-forcing. Conditions also support the formation of ageostrophic anticyclonic instabilities, but the contribution of these is difficult to assess because the decomposition of the flow into balanced and unbalanced components via semigeostrophic analysis breaks down at O(1) Rossby numbers. Mixed layer instabilities do not dominate the structure, but shear and frontogenesis contribute to the relative vorticity and strain fields that generate ageostrophy.
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