R.S.§ 4283,as amended,49 Stat.1479,46 U.S.C.§ 183,46 U.S.C.A.§ 183 急用
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经修订的修正法规(Revised Statutes,缩写R.S.) 第4283条；第49号法律(Statute)第1479条；美国法典(United States Code 缩写 U.S.C)第48篇(Title)第183条(Section)；美国法典注释(Appendix) 第48篇(Title)第183条
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扫描下载二维码Bank credit and trade credit: Evidence from SMEs over the financial crisis (PDF Download Available)
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2.85 · Dublin City University12.75 · Dublin City UniversityAbstractThis article uses panel data to test the extent to which trade credit acted as a substitute for bank finance in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008. It demonstrates that the reduction in the supply of funds to SMEs was compounded by the contraction of net trade credit within the sector. Nevertheless, trade credit played a vital role in the adjustment of the sector by easing the burden of the financial crisis for some SMEs. Thus, the relative importance of trade credit increased for financially “vulnerable” SMEs that were less liquid, highly dependent on short-term bank finance, and with greater levels of intangible assets, when entering the crisis. In terms of a redistribution effect, financially stronger firms extended relatively more trade credit, to financially vulnerable SMEs in the aftermath of the financial crisis. In addition, the analysis demonstrates that the financial position of SMEs entering the crisis was more important in determining the impact of the financial crisis on trade credit use than company characteristics of age and size. JEL Classification: L26, L14, G20, B41, C33Discover the world's research10+ million members100+ million publications100k+ research projects
&The recent financial crisis made access to credit from banks more difficult and imposed financial constraints on Portuguese small and young firms (Iyer et al., 2014). It has been suggested that access to financing, credit extension and favourable lending options become less available to small and young firms during times of macroeconomic instability (McGuinness and Hogan, 2014; Cowling et al., 2014; Beck et al., 2008). As a consequence, the risk of such firms exiting the market increases, as predicted by the industrial economics theory of firm exit (e.g. &DESCRIPTION: We examine how the impact of the recent crises on firm performance, in terms of risk of shutdown, differed depending on firm size. We use a panel of linked employer-employee data covering the period
and investigate whether the effect of firm size varies over the business cycle and with the type of shock associated with two phases of economic contraction: the Financial Crisis and the Sovereign Debt Crisis. Our results show that smaller firms are more likely to shutdown than larger firms, with micro firms being nearly three times more likely to shutdown than large firms. However, within each size band, micro firms are found to experience at least similar rates of survival during the two crises, relative to large firms, to those observed in the pre- while medium sized firms are found to be more vulnerable during the financial crisis period, but show more resilience during the sovereign debt crisis. Overall, however, the results suggest that during the sovereign debt crisis firms faced higher probability of closing than during the financial crisis. Full-text · Working Paper · Jun 2016 · Investigaciones Europeas de Direccion y Economia de la Empresa&financiar una mayor actividad (Niskanen y Niskanen, 2006; GarcíaTeruel y Martínez-Solano, 2010b), mientras que durante la crisis dicho crédito desciende. Esto último puede deberse a que durante las crisis los proveedores suelen endurecer las condiciones contractuales por el mayor riesgo de impago y tienen un acceso más limitado a la financiación externa (Fukuda et al., 2007; Love y Zaidi, 2010; Kestens et al., 2012; McGuinness y Hogan, 2014). Con respecto a los factores representativos de la calidad crediticia de la empresa, el tam? no y la edad, estos muestran signos diferentes en su relación con el crédito de proveedores. &ABSTRACT: Este trabajo estudia los efectos de la situación económica sobre el crédito comercial en las peque?as y medianas empresas. Para lograr este objetivo, se analiza una muestra de pymes espa?olas durante los a?os 2004 a 2011, periodo que incluye una etapa de expansión y otra de recesión, utilizando la metodología de datos de panel. Los resultados muestran que el ciclo económico afecta de manera significativa al crédito comercial recibido y concedido, produciéndose un aumento en la etapa de bonanza económica y una contracción durante la crisis. Además, son las empresas más vulnerables financieramente las que durante la crisis, por un lado, tienen más dificultades para conseguir financiación vía crédito comercial, pero al mismo tiempo más incrementan su crédito a clientes. Por último, aquellas firmas con mayor capacidad de generar recursos conceden más crédito a sus clientes. Full-text · Article · Dec 2015 ArticleSeptember 2016 · Small Business Economics · Impact Factor: 1.80ArticleSeptember 2016 · Journal of Corporate Finance · Impact Factor: 1.45ResearchSeptember 2016ArticleSeptember 2016 · Investigaciones Europeas de Direccion y Economia de la EmpresaData provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The impact factor represents a rough estimation of the journal's impact factor and does not reflect the actual current impact factor. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.This publication is from a journal that may support self archiving.Last Updated: 16 Aug 16
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