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四级强化辅导之作文及翻译
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There is no denying the fact that independence plays an increasingly important part in our daily life and we can’t help asking such a question: how should parents help children to be independent?
To begin with, it is imperative that parents provide opportunities to children and allow them to participate in the social games which contribute to the independence of the children. What’s more, under the excessive care and protection of parents, these children are lack of the ability to overcome the difficulties that abound in their real life. Therefore, it’s a must for parents to cultivate the independence which helps their children easily conquer and frustration and depression。
To conclude, it's essential for us to dispose of the problem of children’s independence timely and effectively. Parents should help children develop strong independence and the abilities needed in the future. Only in this way can they be ready to confront any challenges in the society of fierce competition.
As the saying goes, "Money makes the mare go", but there are many things we can't buy with money, such as time and true love. …
"Practice makes perfect" is an old saying. It tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something. As long as we keep on trying and practicing, we will do a good job in the end.
a. Do you have many friends? Are they similar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer?
b. What is a good student? Different people may have different answers to this question.
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the Internet has come into more and more homes and is playing a more and more important role in our work and daily life. It has become a must to us, but at the same time, Internet has also brought with it a lot of problems.
● "Is Stress a Bad Thing?"
●"Just as eating without liking harms the health, learning without interest harms the memory and can't be retained." From Vinci's words we can see how important it is to motivate the students in language learning.
● "Is Stress a Bad Thing?"
"Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet?"
Suppose you were offered two jobs, one is highly-paid but rather demanding, the other is less demanding, but poorly-paid, which would you prefer? …
In conclusion I would like to say that children need to be understood but children also need to understand their parents. It is only when parents and children come to understand each other that we can solve problems effectively and narrow the generation gap.
in conclusion
Admittedly, science has created atomic bombs and produced pervasive pollution. But it has transformed the lives of millions of people. It has multiplied man’s energy, hopes, ambitions and understanding. It has elevated and will continue to elevate man intellectually and spiritually.
So to sum up, we should offer our help to all who are in need. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.
As the issue plays such a key role in our society, sufficient attention should be paid from both the government and the public. The government should make sure that the census is well carried out and the people should be actively involved in the census.
● 提出问题：提出具有发人深省的问题，从而突出中心思想。如：
　　Old people may choose to live alone for themselves and even embrace this living pattern. But in the deep part of their hearts, they must feel lonely. They need their children to stay with, to talk with, and take care of them. Why can’t young people think of the days when they are getting old
　　分析：文章最有用一个反问句“年轻人为什么不想想自己年老时的情形”来提醒他们将心比心，设身处地，去关心父母双亲。
● 引用格言：用格言、谚语或习语总括全文中心思想。如：
　　Many yeas ago, a great philosopher Francis Bacon remarked that “Knowledge … is power.” This can now be translated into contemporary terms. In our social setting, “Knowledge is change”―and accelerating knowledge-acquisition, fueling the great engine of technology, means accelerating change.
分析: 文章借用培根“知识就是力量”名言的结构，指出“知识就是变化”以深化主题，给读者留下深刻的印象。
3. 主题句的扩展
大学英语四级写作的布局要求三段式的写作模式。每段都由主题句(topic sentence)，推展句(supporting statement)和结论句(concluding statement)组成。作为对主题句的论证，解释和说明的推展句就构成了每段的主体，只有写好了推展句才能使文章言之有理，具有说服力。
　　英语中的推展句有主要推展句(major supporting statement)和次要推展句(minor supporting statement)两种。主要推展句的主要特点是围绕段落主题句展开的每个推展句本身都不要求作进一步的说明或证明，句与句之间的关系是相互独立又是相互连接的。次要推展句是指对主要推展句作进一步的事实分析和举例说明，它从属于某一个或某几个推展句。
　　例：(主题句) I don't teach because teaching is easy for me. (主要推展句1)Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, and writer.(主要推展句2) For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession.(次要推展句1) Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing.(次要推展句2) Sweaty-palm, because I'm always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. (次要推展句3)Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour late convinced that I was even more boring than usual.
　　从属于主要推展句2的三个次要推展句起着解释说明的作用，分别解释red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach的含义。这就更加形象生动地证明了teaching is not easy这个主题。
　　下面谈谈大学英语四级写作中推展句的写作方法。
　　1. 列举法(details)
　　列举法就是通过列举一系列的论据对主题句中摆出的论点进行广泛、全面地陈述或解释，列举的顺序可以按照所列各项内容的相对重要性、时间、空间等进行。例如：
　　Yesterday was one of those awful days for me when everything I did went wrong. First, I didn't hear my alarm clock and arrived late for work. Then, I didn't read my diary properly and forgot to get to an important meeting with my boss. During the coffee break, I dropped my coffee cup and spoilt my new skirt. At lunchtime, I left my purse on a bus and lost all the money that was in it. After lunch, my boss was angry because I hadn't gone to the meeting. Then I didn't notice a sign on a door that said “Wet Paint” and so I spoilt my jacket too. When I got home I couldn't get into my flat because I had left my key in my office. So I broke a window to get in and cut my hand.
　　根据本段主题句中的关键词组everything I did went wrong，作者列举了8项内容，分别由first, then, during, at lunchtime, after, so等连接词语引出，使得该文条理清、脉络分明、内容连贯。常用于列举法的过渡词有：for one thing, for another, finally, besides, more over, first, second, also等。
　　2. 举例法(example)
　　作者通过举出具体的事例来阐述、说明主题句的内容。严格讲，举例法也是列举法的一种，它们的区别在于：列举法注重列举事实，所列事实力求全面；而举例法侧重通过举出典型事例来解释作者观点，且事例可多可少。我们来看下面这个用举例法展开的扩展句。例如：
　　There are many different forms of exer-cises to suit different tasks. For example, those who enjoy competitive sports may take up ball games. For another example, if they prefer to exercises alone, they can have a run or take a walk in the morning or in the evening. Besides, people can go swimming in the summer and go skating in the winter, in short, no matter what their interests are, people can always find more than one sports that are suitable to them.
　　本段采用了三个事例来说明主题句中的关键词组 different forms of exercises，这三个例子分别由连接词for example, for another example, besides引出。举例法中常用的连接词有: for example, one example is, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition等。
　　3. 叙述法(narration)
　　用叙述法写成的推展句主要是按照事物本身的时间或者空间的顺序排列，通过一些特有的过渡连接词的使用，有层次分步骤地表达主题句的一种写作技巧。用这种方法展开推展句，作者能够清楚连贯地交代事物的始末，从而可以使读者清楚了解文章的含义。例如：
　　In the flat opposite, a woman heard the noise outside, when she looked ou she discovered that her neighbor was threatened by someone. She immediately called the police station. In an answer to the call, a patrol police car arrived at the scene of the crime quickly. Three policemen went inside the flat at once, and others guarded outside the building to prevent anyone from escaping.
　　这段是按照事物发展的先后顺序，叙述从发现案情，报警，到警察赶到，包围现场的全过程。全文脉络清晰，叙述的层次感强，结构紧凑。常用于叙述法中的过渡词有：first, at the beginning of , to start with, after that, later, then, afterwards, in the end, finally等。
　　4. 对比法或比较法(comparison &contrast)
　　对比法或比较法是将同类的事物按照某种特定的规则进行比较分析，是常用的思维方式。通过对比更容易阐述所述对象之间的异同和优缺点。例如：
　　The heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tubes or transistors. Its electronic circuits works thousand times faster than the nicer cells in the human brain. A problem that might take a human being a long time to solve can be solved by a computer in one minute.
　　这段文字上，作者为了突出电子计算机运行速度之快，首先将它与人脑进行了比较“a thousand times faster than”，而后，又将这一概念具体到了“a problem”上，通过对比使读者从“a long time ”到“in one minute”上有更加直观的认识。常用于比较法或对比法的连接过渡词有：than, compared with, in contrast with 等。
　　5. 分类法(classification)
　　在阐述某一概念的推展句中常用分类法。通过对概念中所包括的事物进行分门别类,分别加以阐述，使读者有更为清晰的认识。例如：
　　Even since humans have lived on the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas, tourists and the people unable to hear or speak have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very vivid and exact and can be used internationally, spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either internationally or unintentionally. A nod signified approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction. Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in signal flags, more codes and picture signs.
　　在该推展句中，为了说明主题句中的“various forms of communication”，作者将其分为oral speech, sign language, body language及other forms of nonlinguistic language, 并逐一阐述。采用这种方法的推展句并没有标志突出的连接词，所述各项均为平均并列关系，所以没有明显的主次之分。
　　6. 因果分析法(cause and effect)
　　在阐述某一现象的推展句中，常采用因果分析法。例如：
　　The role of women in today's society is changing. One reason is that women have begun to assert themselves as independent through the women's movement, also women are aware of the alternative to staying at home. Another reason is that increasing number of women who enter new fields and interests serve as role model for other women. Moreover, men are becoming more conscious of the abilities of women and have begun to view their independence positively.
　　本段中，主题句提出了一种社会现象，推展句则对产生这种现象的原因做出各种解释。常用于因果分析法的连接词有：because, so, as a result, consequently等。
　　7. 重复法(repetition)
　　句子的一部分反复出现在推展句中，这就是重复法。它往往造成一种步步为营的气氛，使文章结构紧凑，有感染力。例如：
　　Since that time, which is far enough away from now, I have often thought that few people know what secrecy there is in the young, under terror, I was in mortal terror of the young man who wanted my heart and liver, I was in mortal terror of my interlocutor with the iron leg, I was in mortal terror of myself, from who an awful promise had been extracted.
　　该段中反复应用了“I was in mortal terror of ”，“我经常处于恐怖之中”这种重复的手法来说明主题句。
　　以上，我们结合具体的文章讨论了推展句写作的几种方法。在实际写作中，我们往往可以根据实际需要，将若干方法穿插在一起，使文章有声有色。
3.修改完善
实际考试中，由于时间的关系，不可能对文章的结构篇章做重大的修改，这也说明了审题和列提纲的重要性。所以，在应试时，主要从一下几个方面做修改
●大小写及单词的拼写是否正确
●动词的时态，语态，人称是否正确，主谓关系是否一致
●此行是否正确
●名词的单复数，代词及指代关系是否一致
●句子是否完整
●标点符号是否正确
三：常用话题举例
第一天：THE NEWSPAPER 报 纸Nowadays the newspaper possesses considerable value Everybody should read it. It supplies us with a variety of news every day. It tells us the political situation of the world. If we form the habit of reading the newspaper, we shall (will) get enough knowledge to cope with our circumstances.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第二天：MY DAILY LIFE 我的日常生活Though my daily life is extremely monotonous, I try hard to adapt myself to it. Why? Because I intend to be a good student. I wish to render service to my country.I get up at six o’clock every day. After I wash my face and brush my teeth, I begin to review my lessons. I go to school at seven o’clock.After school is over, I return home. We usually have supper at seven o’clock.Then I begin to do my homework. I want to finish it before I go to bed. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------第三天：A MODEL STUDENT 模范学生Do you mind being called a bad student? Of course not. So far as I know, everybody intends to be (become) a model student.However, to be a model student is by no means an easy thing. First, he must do his best to obtain knowledge. A man without sufficient knowledge will not succeed. Secondly, he must remember to improve his health. Only a strong man can do great tasks. Thirdly, he should receive moral education. If his conduct is not good, no one will consider making friends with him. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------第四天：HOW TO GET HAPPINESS 如何获得快乐There is no doubt that happiness is the most precious thing in the world. Without it, life will be empty and meaningless. If you wish to know how to get happiness, you must pay attention to the following two points.First, health is the secret of happiness (the key to happiness). Only a strong man can enjoy the pleasure of life.Secondly, happiness consists in contentment. A man who is dissatisfied with his present condition is always in distress.
&--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第五天：BOOKS 书籍As is well known, books teach us to learn life, truth, science and many other useful things. They increase our knowledge, broaden our minds and strengthen our character. In other words, they are our good teachers and wise friends. This is the reason why our parents always encourage us to read more books.Reading is a good thing, but we must pay great attention to the choice of books. It is true that we can derive benefits from good books. However, bad books will do us more harm than good. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第六天：A TRIP TO THE COUNTRY 乡村游记One Sunday my mother (Mother) had (made) me take my little young brother to the a trip to the country. She bade me take good care of him.While we were walking along the road, the sun was shining brightly and the breeze was blowing gently. We saw the beautiful flowers smile (smiling) at us and heard the birds sing (singing) their sweet songs on the trees. The scenery was indeed very pretty (beautiful).When we felt tired, we returned home. We saw Mother (our mother) wait (waiting) for us at the door.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第七天：BE PATRIOTIC 要爱国It is the duty of every citizen to make the country rich and powerful (To make the country rich and strong is...). In order to accomplish this object one must be patriotic (love his country). I consider this an unchangeable truth.How can a student love his country (be patriotic)? I find my answer very simple and clear. He must study hard and store up knowledge so as to serve his (the) country in the future. If every student can do according to what I said, the country will certainly be rich and powerful.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第八天：THE VALUE OF TIME 爱惜时光An English proverb says that time is money. I consider it (this) wrong. Why? Because we all know that we can earn money be work but can not in any way get back time (in anyway). For this reason, we may (can) say that time is more valuable than money.Many people do not know the value of time. It (this) is indeed a great pity. We must bear (keep) in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第九天：WHY SHOULD WE STUDY ENGLISH 为什么我们要学英文If you want to ask me why we should study English, my answer will be simple and clear. Now let me enumerate the reasons one by one in the following.In the first place, English has become an international language. If you know English, you van make a trip round the world without being misunderstood.In the second place, most valuable books, newspapers and magazines are written in English. If you wish (hope) to get knowledge, you must learn English.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第十天：MY BIRTHDAY 我的生日Yesterday was my birthday, so some of my classmates sent me presents. Mother prepared a tea party for me. I invited all of them to come and take part in it.The tea party began at half past six. There were cold drinks and refreshments. We ate, talked and laughed. We felt that we were the happiest men in the world.Time passed quickly. In a twinkling, the clock on the wall struck nine. We could not but say “Good-bye” to one another.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第十一天：HOW TO SPEND SUNDAYS 如何消度星期日Some of us always spend Sundays aimlessly. We can seldom derive profits from the valuable hours (time) of Sundays. This is indeed a great pity. Though Sundays are set aside as a day for rest, we must make good use of them.We know that our school lessons are usually not sufficient. We should often utilize Sundays to read reference books. In this way we will increase our knowledge. Besides, we must be engaged in sports or outing so as to strengthen our bodies.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第十二天：HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY 诚为上策There is an English proverb which says (saying) “Honesty is the best policy.” It signifies the importance of honesty.What are the benefits of honesty? If you are honest to others, they will be honest to you in return. When you are sad, they will comfort you. When you are in trouble, they will help you.There is no enumerating the evils of dishonesty here. In a word, a dishonest man will be looked down upon by others and (be) regarded as a public enemy.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第十三天：HOW EXERCISE HELPS 运动的利益If our bodies are not strong, our spirit to do things will certainly be quite dull. And at the same time, we are lack of energy (ies) to study. Diseases will only attack the weak, but not the strong.Why are our bodies not strong? Because we do not pay attention to exercise. For this reason, we students must often take different kinds (sorts) of exercise in the gym.Exercise helps us (to) strengthen our bodies and avoid disease. It also teaches us cooperation, for most exercise is played by team.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第十四天：THE BENEFITS OF TRAVELING 旅行的益处I am always interested in traveling. My reasons are quite (extremely) simple and clear. If anybody is not satisfied with my viewpoint(s), I shall be greatly surprised at his ways of thinking.In the first place, traveling increases our knowledge. Only by traveling can we see things outside our home town.In the second place, traveling is good to our health. While we are traveling, we usually exercise our bodies.In conclusion, I earnestly hope that everybody must seize (grasp at) the opportunity of traveling.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------第十五天：HOW TO BE A GOOD CITIZEN 如何做一个好公民My aim is to become a good citizen so as to be able to render service to the (my) country. However, to become a good citizen is not an easy thing. He has many duties to fulfill.The first duty of a good citizen is to love his country. He is to (must) be ready to sacrifice even his own life for the country.His second duty is to obey the law and help the government (to) maintain order. If everybody can do so, the country will be rich and strong (powerful).-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第十六天：THE NATIONAL FLAG 国旗it is the duty of every citizen to honor the national flag. Why? Because the national flag is the symbol of a (the) country. To respect it means to respect the country. In other words, if a man loves his country, he must love the national flag.In school, the national flag is usually raised at a certain time every day. Then the principal, teachers, staff and students are to (must) stand before it and sing the national anthem. It is indeed extremely meaningful to attend such a ceremony.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第十七天：THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION 教育的重要性It is impossible for us to make our country rich and strong without developing education. Why? Because education gives people knowledge and teaches them how to become good citizens so as to be able to serve their country. No wonder they say that education decides the progress, prosperity and civilization of a country.At present (Nowadays) most countries in (of) the world are enforcing compulsory education. It is necessary for all kinds of people, both rich and poor, to receive education. Taiwan is an exception as well not.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第十八天：INDUSTRY (DILIGENCE) 勤勉It is a matter of course that industry will bring us success, wealth and good luck. I am sure that a hard-working person can always succeed in the work which he wants to do. This is unchangeable truth.Idleness is the opposite of industry. It is the source of all evil. An idle man only enjoys playing and making pleasures. That he is doomed to failure is of no doubt. We should not follow his example.----------------------------------------------------------------------------第十九天：MY NATIVE TOWN 我的故乡My native town is X. We have settled down here since my grandfather was a child. In other words, my family has lived here for more than one hundred years.It is a small village. There are about one thousand inhabitants. Most of them are farmers. The mode of their living is very simple. However, they have already possessed television sets and refrigerators. They made up their minds to live a modern life.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------第二十天：MY SCHOOL LIFE 我的学校生活When I was six years old, I began to go to school. The first school (which) I attended was a primary school. There were many subjects (which were taught in the school, such as Chinese, arithmetic, history, geography, drawing and so forth. Since I was (became) a student, I studied very hard. My parents were quite proud of me.After I had studied there for three years, I entered a junior high school. When I was twelve years old, I became a student of a senior high school. I still studied very hard. Except on sick leave I was never absent from class. Everybody looked upon me as a model student.第二十一天：WAR 战争Though the people in the world are all opposed to war, they can by no means avoid it. This is indeed a regrettable thing.War is very terrible. Everybody hears it with fear. In a war thousands and thousands of lives will be lost and a large amount of money (will be) wasted. It brings us untold miseries and damage.To sum up, so long as war is unavoidable, human beings cannot enjoy lasting peace. How tragical their fate is!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第二十二天：COOD HEALTH 良好的健康We all wish (hope) to be happy, so we should take good care of our health.Health is the best treasure (which) a man can possess. Money can do many things, but it cannot buy happiness. However, so long as man has good health, he can enjoy the pleasures of human life.In order to insure good health we must pay attention to three things. They are-nourishing food, fresh air and proper exercise.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第二十三天：MONEY 钱Everybody wishes (hopes) to get money so that he can maintain his livelihood. In other words, money is so useful that it is impossible for mankind to live without it. For this reason, we have an interesting proverb. It says “Money can make the world go around.” In a word, money is more powerful than anything else.However, money should not be wasted. It must be used for (some) proper purposes. We young men should form the good habit of not spending money in the wrong way.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第二十四天：THE CHINESE NEW YEAR 中国新年I like the Chinese new year better than any other festival. This is a time especially for rest and joy. I need not study. I wear good clothes and eat good food. I have a good time from morning till night. To be frank with you, I am as happy as a king.The Chinese new year lasts as long as fifteen days. It gives us more pleasure than we have imagined. After that we have to resume our normal work.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第二十五天：THE ZOO 动物园The zoo is the most interesting place that I have ever seen in my whole life. It is like a garden which shows (exhibits) various kinds of animals, birds and insects.It is indeed a good idea to pay a visit to the zoo during school holidays. The more you look at the animals, the happier you will become. Of (Among) all the animals, the monkey is (monkeys are) the funniest. That’s my opinion. Do you agree.------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第二十六天：HOW I SPENT MY SUMMER VACATION 我如何度过暑假No sooner had the summer vacation begun than I returned to my native town. Of course I must otherwise I would incur the displeasure of my parents.In the morning I reviewed my lessons and read newspapers or magazines. In the afternoon I played ball games with my friends or went fishing in the river. At night (In the night) I watched television with my family (the members of my family). hardly had the clock on the wall struck ten when I went to bed.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第二十七天：KNOWLEDGE IS POWER 知识就是力量 If we have no knowledge, we cannot succeed in doing any work. Why? Because knowledge is power. With knowledge we have conquered nature and invented steamers, trains and airplanes. We can send messages by telegram. We can talk with our friends by telephone.As is well known, we students are the future masters of the nation. She (It) needs us very much. If we do not make efforts to acquire knowledge, how can we render service to her (it)?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第二十八天：A LETTER TO A FRIEND 一封给友人的信Dear X: We have not seen each other for a long time. I miss (think of) you very much. I wish (that) I had wings and could fly to your home. However, this is impossible!Father (My father) has gone abroad of late. If I had had time then, I would have accompanied him. Only Mother (my mother) and I are at home now (at present). We are leading (living) a quiet and happy life. We look as if we were fairies. I hope (that) I can hear from you very often. Sincerely yours.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第二十九天：CHOOSING FRIENDS 选择朋友A man who is careful in choosing friends will certainly derive benefit from them. Why? Because there are more false friends than real ones in this world. To have one real friends is better than a hundred false ones. Friends who flatter you to your face are not true friends. We must make friends with those who have good character and kindness of heart. On the other hand, we should do our best to a void keeping company with bad people.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第三十天：TO RISE EARLY 论早起I do not know the reason why some people want to get up late. They will never have the opportunity to enjoy (of enjoying) the fresh air and calmness of the morning. This is indeed a quite regrettable thing.To rise early is a good habit (which) we should cultivate. Why? Because the best time when we can pursue our studies is in the morning. In addition, early rising is also good to our health. I hope that everybody our knows the reason why we must rise early.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第三十一天：THRIFT 节俭There is not a (no) thrifty man but becomes a rich man sooner or later. Why? Because he will not spend such money as is unnecessary. Little by little his money will accumulate. Ten to one, he is bound to make a fortune.I do not like such men as spend their money in a wrong way. They do not know extravagance is a bad thing. It can only make them happy for the time being. In short, thrift makes poor men rich and extravagance makes rich men poor.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第三十二天：PERSEVERANCE 毅力／坚忍Needless to say, nothing but perseverance can lead a man to the way of success. In other words, a persevering man never does his work without succeeding in it. This is indeed unchangeable truth.Our National Father, Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, is the most ideal example. He was devoted to the revolution about forty years. He met with many failures, but he was anything but discouraged. As a result, he won. The Republic of China was born.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第三十三天：MY MOTHER 我母亲My mother is a woman of the old school. She is too conservative to keep up with the times. However, she is good-natured and treats others sincerely. For this reason, all her neighbors are only too glad (pleased) to make friends with her. They consider her a model woman. She is a typical housewife. She keeps the (her) house neat and clean and looks after us with extreme care . She often says to us, “You cannot study too hard.”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第三十四天：WHERE THERE IS A WILL, THERE IS A WAY 有志者事竟成The secret of success (The key to success) is not so much money as a strong will. A great man is one who has a strong will and an indomitable spirit. In other words, if a man does not have a strong will to win (get) the final victory, he will never succeed in his life. He is no more than a failure.It is quite obvious that there is no difficult thing (nothing difficult) in the world. if you make up your mind to do it, you will certainly accomplish your end. That stands to reason.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第三十五天：DUTIES OF A STUDENT 学生的责任Education is the very thing that we want to receive. Our parents send us to school so as to enable us to get (obtain) knowledge and achieve great things in the future. The following are the duties of a s, tudent (which) we should keep in mind.In the first place, we should be filial to our parents and respectful to our teacher.In the second place, we have to (must )study as hard as we can. In the third place, we must not tell lies.Last of all, we must not criticize others. To sum up, the above-mentioned rules are the very duties of a student.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 第三十六天：TO BE PATIENT 要忍耐When someone disagrees with you or offends you, don’t lose your temper. Why? Because it is of no use to do so. You ought to (should) be patient and keep calm lest you should quarrel with him. You must know that patience is not cowardice, but a virtue. I hope that everybody practices it.In addition, patience will also bring us success. When you meet with difficulties in your work, it is no use losing heart. You must keep on fighting until (till) the final victory belongs to you.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第三十七天：SANITARY WAYS IN SUMMER 夏天的卫生方法Not only is summer a hot season but also diseases are apt to happen. To us it is neither comfortable nor safe.If we do not wish to get sick, we must pay attention to the following sanitary ways in summer. Both fresh air and clean food are indispensable to us. We must try our best to get (obtain) them. We should take at least one bath every day. Don’t wear dirty clothes. In conclusion, if we can carry out the above mentioned rules, we will neither get (take/fall) sick nor suffer pain. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
第三十八天：WORK WHILE YOU WORK, PLAY WHILE YOU PLAY 工作时工作，游玩时游玩Both work and play the former gives us knowledge while the latter (gives) rest. An English proverb is well said: “Work while you work play while you play.” It makes our life pleasant, efficient and successful. Work is one thing and play is another. It is of course not good to work all day long. However, it is also not good to play all day long. While you work, you should work in earnest. Then while you play, you will feel more relaxed and pleasant. That goes without saying.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
第三十九天：MY FAVORITE PASTIME 我心爱的消遣It goes without saying that work without rest will do harm to health. In other words, we had better take sufficient recreation to relax after work.There is no doubt that there are a number of amusements, such as playing ball games, collecting stamps, fishing, gardening, skating and so on.As for (to) me, I take great delight in gardening. Whenever I am at leisure, I am accustomed to growing flowers. I regard them as my most agreeable companion. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
第四十天：FACTORS OF SUCCESS 成功要素I would rather suffer hardships than fail. In other words, to achieve success is my only desire. We all know that there are many factors of success. Now let me write down the most important ones in the following.Diligence―Foolish as a person is, he can succeed in his work if he works hard. That does not admit of any doubt.Perseverance―When you fail, don’t lose heart. Keep on working until you accomplish your aim.Honesty―If you tell lies or does not keep your words, no one will rely on you. I would rather be scolded than cheat (others).--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第四十一天：MY AIM 我的志向Whatever a man’s status is (may be), he must have an aim. If not, he can hardly stand on his own two feet in the world. That stands to reason. However important fame and wealth may be, we must not let them become our object in life. We should aim at doing something useful to the society. If my aim can come true, I hope (wish) to be a teacher. However, teaching is by no means an easy thing. I must apply myself closely to my studies so as to be able to cope with my duties (as a teacher).--------------------------------------------------------------------------------第四十二天：OUR NATIONAL FATHER 我们的国父There is no doubt that Dr. Sun Yat-Sen is the greatest man that I ever known in my whole life. He set up the Republic of China, so we call him our National Father.He was devoted to the revolution about forty years. His aim was to liberate China from the hands of the Manchu Dynasty. He had not met with result, but he was not discouraged at all. As a result, he accomplished his end in the long run.To sum up, his strong will and indomitable spirit are worth our worship and imitation (are worth our worshiping and imitating).
四：写作常见功能句举例
1. 文章开头句式
1) The problem of water pollution has caused wide public concern over recent years.
2) Last year, there was a general debate over whether the state should take measures to reduce house prices.
3) With the development of our economy and society, more and more people intend to send their children to study abroad.
4) Nowadays people in increasing numbers begin to realize the importance of health care.
5) The Cell phone has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life, which has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems at the same time.
6) Recently, there is much discussion over education. One of the questions under debate is that whether parents should send their children to study abroad.
7) Here comes the very question which has been labeled as “controversial”: Should we support the plan of artificial life? My answer is negative.
8) When asked whether it is advisable to look for friends online, different people may have different things to say, but personally I don’t think it is wise to do so.
9) The definition of education may vary from person to person. Some people consider education as going to schools or colleges, or as a means to secure good jobs, while others regard it as a lifelong process. I agree with the latter viewpoint for the following reasons.
10)When my eyes caught this topic, my mind began its search for the most important one from many options such as honesty, creativity, fortitude, diligence, etc. Then the best choice-teamwork spirit-occurred to me.
2.文章结尾句式
1)From what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that effective measures should be taken to hasten the development of rural areas in China.
2)We should take measures to solve this problem, such as enacting laws to regulate the Internet bars’ business.3)Although the fight against environmental pollution is a long-standing and tremendous one, our efforts will eventually pay off.
4)To sum up, Internet resources can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctly used.
5) In a word, it is not worthwhile to think up counter-measures af instead, it is more practical to popularize the knowledge of personal hygiene right now.
6) Only when we treat plagiarism as seriously as it deserves to be treated will we accomplish the first step toward the elimination of unethical academic behaviors.
7) Obviously, if we ignore the problem, chances are good that certain wild animals will be put in danger.
8)What has been discussed above points to the fact that the Internet is sure to accelerate the development of education.
9) Of course, misuse or too much use of Internet slang in news and formal documents could bring a number of problems. However, the above discussion indicates that we should not and could not forbid its use totally. The better course of action is to be more careful when using them as we are with the choice of other words, considering its particular feature and style.
10)Think of the differences we can make there and the changes this experience can make to us, why not walk out of the ivory tower and step onto the promising land of our country?
3.过渡概括句式
1)To prevent this phenomenon from worsening, what measures should be taken?
2)This story exactly proves that different people from different countries do have cultural difference.
3)There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the later one is more reasonable.
4)In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about to the smokers themselves, smoking may do harm to others as well.
5)No one can deny another fact that the house price now is too high for average people in China.
6)People who believe that economic development should be considered at the first place partially or completely neglect the importance of environment protection.
7) What we have been taught since childhood about money is “It can’t buy happiness, health, let alone love.” But the facts don’t support this.
8) To get a full understanding of the importance of reading, we must first take a general look at such information times.
9) A study of the violence in the computer games, perhaps, will make this point clear.
10)Closely connected with this factor is public ignorance of such an epidemic.
4.比较与对照句式
1) People differ in their opinions on television. Some of them believe that it helps people relax, while others deem that it wastes too much time that can be taken to study or talk with family members.
2) A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.3) Many surveys show that people in increasing numbers are beginning to realize that psychological health is as important as physical health. Meanwhile, many people still live under the traditional ideas that psychological problems are not disease,
but are something disgraceful.
4) Although cars enjoy such considerable advantages over bicycles, they cannot compete with bicycles in environment protection.
5) Wonderful as cell phone is, it still has its own disadvantages.
6) In terms of environmental protection, wooden products are much better than the plastic counterparts.
7) The present situation bears startling resemblances to that twenty years ago.
8)Serious as the problem may be, it pales into insignificance by comparison to those drought-hit areas.
9) High-speed rail may be superior to the normal one, but it poses problems for those who are of less fortune.
5.说明原因句式
1)There is no doubt that too much carbon emission causes Earth warming.
2)The reason why so many people crowd into big cities is that they don’t think they can realize their dreams in small cities.
3)Because of the result of unbounded deforestation ,extinction is threatening the life of many species on earth.
4) A great many of aspects contribute to the present situation of the large population today in China.
5)For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons: First of all, i Second, it is more en Third, i Last but not least, it can do a lot of good to our health.
6)There are several reasons for this problem. One of the main reasons is that economy globalization needs it to be so. Another primary reason is that many companies can gain profits from this. Meanwhile, a lot of countries cannot predict the result of such behaviors.
7) Lacking in sound judgment and prompt instruction, teenagers might be misled to think smoking a sign of mature behavior.
8) Enchanted with online games, students tend to lose interest in study, fail in the examinations and even skip classes.
9) A number of problems has turned up as a result of ignorance to the safety of drinking water, especially in the countryside.
10) It is no easy task to identify the reasons for this phenomenon which involves several complicated factors.
11) Certainly, the climate is not the
human activities are also responsible for the change.
12) There are numerous reasons why we should avoid comparing ourselves with others, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here.
6.举例论证句式
1)There is sufficient evidence to show the fact that inadequate use of technology will lead to unpredictable problems. Take computers for instance, some hackers take advantage of their computer knowledge to earn money illegally, which finally results in their imprisonment.
2)According to the statistics provided by National Bureau of Statistics of China ,it can be seen that the average income of Chinese people has increased largely in the past decade.
3)No better illustration of this idea can be thought out than the example mentioned below.
4)Like the old saying goes,” A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.” Young people should cherish what they have today.
5)That where there is a will, there is a way seems the perfect conclusion in the following case: …
6) Take Deng Yaping for example, whose persistence has moved thousands of Chinese.
7) Many problems have shown up in the process of suburban development: duplicate construction, waste of resources, and decrease of arable land, to name just a few.
8) Talking about the traffic in Beijing, the first thing may occur to you and me seems to be the heavy traffic jam, especially in rush hour.
9) Instances of the same sort might be quoted easily, but this will be sufficient to show that “Knowledge is power.”
7.预测趋势句式
1) If everyone in the world makes an effort, I believe that the environment will become better and better.
2) There is a growing tendency for people these days to buy goods on Internet ,which I believe will not change in a short time.
3) People are coming to realize the importance of water. They have begun to try their best to save water.
4) The advantages of cross breeding are so obvious that it is for sure (that) it will be widely used in agriculture.
5) That e-mails will take the place of l it is the natural result of the progress of technology and society.
6) In fact, the development of transportation has made it predictable that one day cleaner vehicles may replace today’s.
7) Thanks to the development of science and technology, machines are quickly taking in many fields that once belonged to men. In a certain sense, it can be said that mechanism has come, and will conquer.
8) While it is easy for e-books to become some people’s favorite, I still deem that paper books will never fade out.
9) Only in these ways will high-tech help rather than hinder the improvement of our living standards.
10) What will happen to the young in twenty years? Nobody really knows. But one thing is certain: what we are doing now will definitely affect them greatly in the future.
11) We find ourselves now living in a new era which requires both physical and mental health.
8.建议措施句式
1)Proper measures must be taken by the local government to help the homeless to survive by themselves.
2)In order to eliminate the racial discrimination, every one of us is supposed to treat others equally.
3)For my part, I think it necessary to call up the whole society to pay attention to this. Only in this way can we really make progress.
4)It is high time that we took immediate action to put an end to energy wasting.
5) Taking the population into consideration, the best solution to this problem depends on not only the government, but also every citizen.
6)Unless we put more emphasis on inequality, the problem will be a hindrance to our building a “harmonious society ”.
7)Rather than a work that can be accomplished in an action, environmental protection is a systemic project, which contains all the details from the very beginning to the end, and which requires cooperation between the government and the public.
8) To prevent the potential damage to the AIDS patients, several simple strategies can be followed when we deal with them.
9) Here is my advice about how to cope with parent-child relationship.
10) Therefore, the golden rule for classroom behavior at college is to honor our class, honor our instructors, and honor our classmates.
11) It is also worth mentioning that setting up relevant laws seems to be a better cure for these problems.
12) As such a problem seems to be connected with scientific illiteracy, popularizing science education will be a better bet for those who live in the country.
13) In my view, a more practical way to resolve the conflict lies in improving Medicare System.
14) Yet our job is not to wait for these things to happen, but to devise a way to obviate them, at the very least, to alleviate them because
God help those who help themselves.
9.承接转折句式
1)Although many people tend to live under the illusion that the earth can bear any pollution we make, increasing evidences show that it is more and more difficult for us to live on the earth.
2)But this is not the case. According to the information that I’ve collected over the last few years, I believe that e-books will not replace paper books.
3)It is fairly well known that nutrition i however, it is less known that too much nutrition can do harm to us.
4) It is commonly believed that the gap between the rich and the poor is the inevitable result of economic development. But on second thought(s), it doesn’t seem like this.
5)Given (the fact) that it has played an important role in our life, it has also brought along with it the negative effects, for example, it make us spend less and less time with our families.
6) Although people’s lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that starvation is still one of the biggest questions that we have to face.
7) Admittedly, a studying abroad experience does have real advantages in getting a job, but this alone does not means success.
8) Though extreme sports may be alluring, people need to consider the hazards before plunging in.
9) No matter how well or how badly a candidate performs, it might not be safe to equalize the outcome with his capabilities and potentials.
10) Some people argue that “friendship first, competition second” is the true spirit of sports. But more often than not, the opposite is usually the case.
11) Contrary to the widely held belief about climate change, new studies challenge the view that the earth is becoming warmer.
10. 图画图表描述句式
1)As can be clearly seen from the picture, more and more foreign companies have come to China to invest in recent years.
2)From the figures given in the table above, we can see a sharp rise in the amount of garbage collected in developing countries.
3)By 2010, the figure has nearly doubled, as against that of five years ago.
4)As is shown above, there are two tables presenting two quite different situations. In the first table, we can see the garbage produced per person per day in developed countries is the most. On the contrary, the other table shows that the total quantity of garbage collected in a year in the developed countries is the least.
5)The picture is thought-provoking, and it illustrates a common phenomenon in our society today, and that is, sole children are much spoiled by their parents.
6) As the bar chart shows, great changes concerning global population took place between 1900 and 2000.
7) Studying the table carefully, we can see clearly that the sales of ladies’ office ware increased from $ 140,000to $180,000 from 2002 to 2008and then fell to $165,000 in 2009.
8) What is conveyed in the drawing can be easily interpreted in terms of excessive packaging.
9) It accounts for 80 percent of the total.
10) The number of deaths in car accidents is three times as much as that of 2002.
五：翻译常考语法
1. All that is needed is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
2. After being interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
3. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.
4. They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.
5. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, which, of course, made the others jealous.
6. no matter how frequently performed, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
7. Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests.
8. The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.
9. Your hair wants cutting,. you’d better have it done tomorrow.
10. Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.
11. Homework done on time will lead to better grades.
12. Had it not been for my illness i would have lent him a helping hand.
13. Realizing that he hadn’t enough money and not wanting to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.
14. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected now.
15. Published as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
16. I have kept that portrait where i can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.
17. Believing the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.
18. As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.
19. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys being encouraged to go to school.
20. You see the lightning the instant it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
21. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
22. If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
23. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least.
24. All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.
25. A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, the results of which were surprising.
26. The girl’s being educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.
27. All flights having been canceled Because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
28. While orbiting the SUN, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth.
29. The computer has brought about surprising technological changes in the way we organize and produce information.
30. The house was very quiet, isolated as it was on the side of a mountain.
31. I don’t mind your delaying making the decision as long as it is not too late.
32. Corn originated in the new world and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it being cultivated in Cuba.
33. We agreed to accept whoever they thought was the best tourist guide.
34. Having been judged the best in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.
35. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than share a room with someone else.
36. Whatever difficulties we may come across, we’ll help one another to overcome them.
37. Once the fourth biggest city in the United States, St. Louis has now become the 24th largest city.
38. The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass.
39. In fact，peter would rather have left for san Francisco than stayed in New York．
40.Although a teenager，Fred could resist being told what to do and what not to do．
41. But for the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation.
42. They always give the vacant seats to whoever comes first.
43. Professor Wang, known for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.
44. It is high time that such practices were ended.
五：历年翻译真题
87. The university authorities did not approve the regulation, __________(也没有&&&& 解释为什么).
88.& Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she 大家网是大家的学习好帮手(能被分配做另一项工作).
89. John rescued the drowning child____________________( 冒着自己生命危险).
90. George called his boss from the airport but it ____________________(接电话的却是他的助手).
91.Although& he& was& interested& in& philosophy, ____________________(他的父亲说服他) majoring in law.
87. ____________________(为了确保他参加会议), I called him up in advance.
88. The magnificent museum ____________________(据说建成于) about a hundred years ago.
89. There would be no life on earth ____________________(没有地球独特的环境).
90. ____________________(给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.
91. They requested that ____________________(我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday.
87.Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty ____________________ (集中注意力在实验上).
88.The m neither ____________________ (她也从来没有发过脾气).
89.We look forward to ____________________ (被邀请出席开幕式).
90.It is suggested that the air conditioner ____________________ (要安装在窗户旁).
91.The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite____________________(她父母的强烈反对).
87.You would not have failed if you& ____________________& (按照我的指令去做).
88.Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never& _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (放弃对知识的追求).
89.Scientists agree that it will be a long time& ____________________& (我们找到治愈癌症的方法).
90.Production has to be increased considerably to& ____________________ (与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).
91.The more exercise you take, ____________________& (你越不大可能得感冒).
87.Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had ____________________ (很难跟上班里的同学) in math and English.
88.If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary ____________________ (就不会被大雨淋了).
89.It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are ____________________ (更有可能增加体重).
90.____________________ (很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.
91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is ____________________ (与缺乏锻炼密切相关).
87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems ____________________ (他们至今还没有答案).
88.____________________ (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.
89.You’d better take a sweater with you ____________________ (以防天气变冷).
90.Through the project, many people have received training and ____________________ (决定自己创业).
91.The anti-virus agent was not known________________ (直到一名医生偶然发现了它).
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