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国际旅客运输第一部分
Air Transport EssentialsBasic Concept of Air Transport民航旅客国际运输的定义民航旅客国际运输（INTERNATIONAL AIR PASSERGER）是民 航旅客运输中的重要组成部分，也是民航旅客运输中最具潜力、 发展最快的部分，是世界各国主要航空公司的重要业务之一。 关于民航国际运输的定义，《华沙公约》所给出的定义是： 就本公约而言，国际运输是指：根据有关各方所订契约，不论在 运输中有无间断或转运，其出发地和目的地是处在两个缔约国领 土内，或处在一个缔约国的领土内而在另一国的主权、宗主权、 委任统治权利或权利管辖下的领土内有一个协议的经停地点的运 输。 可见，民航旅客国际运输的定义是： 如果旅客与承运人签署的契约中要求的运输始发地和目的地不在 同一国家内，或者在同一国家内，但在另一国家有至少一个约定 的经过停留地，这样的运输被称为“民航旅客国际运输”，简称 “民航国际客运”或“国际客运”。世界航空客运增长情况（PKP）2004年均增长 （%） 非洲 亚太 欧洲 中东 北美 南美 世界 4.8 6.2 5.8 9.1 3.7 3.4 5.1 2005年均增长 （%） 6.5 9.2 7.6 11.8 6.3 6.2 7.6 2006年均增长 （%） 6.6 8.4 6.6 12 4.5 5.5 6.5 2007年均增 长（%） 5.5 8.3 6.5 8.8 4.2 5.6 6.2世界航空旅客运输发展历史第一阶段、初级阶段（1903年-1950年） 第二阶段、发展阶段（1950年-1970年） 第三阶段、放松管制阶段（1970年-1990 年） 第四阶段，开放天空阶段（1990年至今）民航旅客运输的分类和定义民航旅客运输:民航国际旅客运输,民航国内旅 客运输 民航国际旅客运输:旅客与承运人签署的的契约 : 中要求的运输始发地和目的地不在同一个国家 内,或在同一个国家内但在另一个国家有至少一 个约定的经停点的运输. 民航国内旅客运输:如果旅客与承运人签署的契 约中要求的运输始发地\目的地\约定经停地均 在同一个国家内的运输.民航旅客运输的发展趋势第一、客运飞机的性能将不断提高 第二、客运信息化程度将日益加深 第三、国际客运市场的专业化分工、合 作、竞争和重组的趋势日益明显。现代民航旅客国际运输流程图一、流程图涉及的部门 1.出票人：航空公司代理人和售票处 2.全求分销系统、订座系统和座位控制系 统 3.值机部门 二、流程图现代旅客国际旅客运输的流程（1） 出票人向航空公司代理人/售票处销售部门查询 有关旅行座位信息。在销售部门完成有关业务操作 （包括审查付款人已付款）后出票人可从销售部门拿 到机票信息（包括有形的纸质机票上的信息或无型的 电子机票上的信息）。 （2）航空公司代理人/售票处销售部门通过GDS系统 /CRS系统/ICS系统查询座位信息。航空公司座位控制 部门通过GDS系统/CRS系统/ICS系统控制不同级别的座 位开放。 （3）付款人向航空公司代理人/售票处财务查询有关 旅行票价信息。在财务部门完成有关业务操作后支付 票款，并得到付款凭证（包括有形的凭证或无形的凭 证的信息）民航旅客国际运输流程（4）航空公司代理人/售票处财务部门可以通过 GDS系统/CRS系统/ICS系统查询票价，航空公 司票价控制人员可利用收益管理系统确定票价 后在以上系统发布。 （5）航空公司代理人/售票处财务部门在得到付 款人付款后通知销售部门可以出票。民航旅客国际运输流程（6）旅客在航空公司/代理值机部门办理值机手续， 包括领取登机牌、交运行李等。 （7） 航空公司/代理值机部门办理值机手续后将旅客 登机信息（包括有形的机票或无形的电子客票信息） 手工或自动传递给航空公司的财务部门。 （8）航空公司财务部门内部对来自销售部门的财务信 息和来自值机部门的财务信息进行检查和配比。 （9）旅客在办理完值机手续后可以登机旅行。中国BSP结算计划的简要流程图中国BSP办公室 中国BSP航空公司 中国BSP代理人 中国BSP数据处理中心 中国BSP清算银行 中国BSP出票系统中国BSP航空公司 航空公司 中国中国BSP 中国付 款 据 指 定 算 代 数 理 据 清 供 提数据处理中心销 售 报 告 、 票 联 发 单 送 据 帐 单国 航理旅客国际运输组织 国际航空运输协会（IATA）国 际 航 空 运 输 协 会 （ IATA ） ： 全 称 是 INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION，成立于1945年，由国际上主 要的定期航空公司的组成。今天，其成员航空 公司已经包括了来自140多个国家的260多个航 空公司，是由航空公司组成的最大的国际性的 组织。现在，国际航协的总部设在北美洲航空 运输枢纽之一――加拿大蒙特利尔，在加拿大 蒙特利尔和瑞士日内瓦设立总办事处，在日内 瓦设立了清算所，在曼谷、内罗毕、里约热内 卢、北京等地设有地区办事处。旅客国际运输组织 国际航空运输协会（IATA) 国际航协的宗旨是： “为了世界人民的利益，促进安全、正常、 经济的航空运输，为直接或间接从事国 际航空运输工作的各空运企业提供合作 的途径，与国际民航组织（ICAO）及其 他国际组织通力合作”。旅客国际运输组织 国际航空运输协会（IATA）?多边航空运输协定”（MULTILATERAL INTERLINE TRAFFIC AGREEMENTS） 标准旅客销售代理协议”（STANDARD PASSENGER SALES AGENCY AGREEMENT）旅客国际运输组织 国际航空运输协会（IATA） 国际航协的主要活动有： 1、协调制定国际航空客货运价。 2、统一国际航空运输的规章制度。 3、通过清算所统一结算各会员与非会员之 间联运业务的帐目。 4、开展技术合作。 5、协助各会员航空公司改善机场布局和程 序标准以提高机场营运效率。旅客国际运输组织 国际民航组织（ICAO） 国际民航组织（ICAO）的全称是 INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION，是协调各国有关民航 经济和法律义务，并制定各种民航技术 标准和航行规则的政府间的国际组织。旅客国际运输组织 国际民航组织（ICAO）1.Ensure safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation worldwide 2.Encourage the art of aircraft design and operation for peaceful purposes 3.Encourage development of airways, airports, and air navigation facilities 4.Meet the needs of people for safe, regular, efficient, and economical air transport 5.Prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition旅客国际运输组织 国际民航组织（ICAO） 6.Ensure that the rights of contracting states are fully respected, avoid discrimination between contracting states, and ensure that every contracting state has a fair opportunity to operate international airlines 7.Promote safety of flights and the development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics旅客国际运输组织 国际民航组织（ICAO）大会是国际民航组织的最高权利机构，理事会是向大会 负责的常设机构，在大会休会期间，理事会代表所有 缔约国处理日常事务。理事会由33个理事国组成，由 每届大会选举产生。大会由理事会在适当的时间和地 点，每三年至少召开一次。 在理事会下国际民航组织还建立了航空运输委员会、航 行委员会、财务委员会、防止非法干扰委员会、联营 导航委员会和法律委员会。 秘书处是国际民航组织的常设行政机构，由秘书长负 责保证国际民航组织各项工作的顺利进行。秘书长由 理事会任命。在国际民航组织内的日常办事机构还有 航空技术局、航空运输局、法律局、技术援助局、行 政服务局和对外关系办公旅客国际运输组织 国际民航组织（ICAO）秘书处下有一个地区事务处和7个地区办事处，这7个地 区办事处分别是： 1、西非和中非地区办事处，位于塞内加尔首都达喀尔。 2、亚太地区办事处，位于泰国曼谷。 3、东非和南非地区办事处，位于肯尼亚内罗毕。 4、欧洲地区办事处，位于法国巴黎。 5、中东地区办事处，位于埃及开罗。 6. 北美和加勒比地区办事处，位于墨西哥的墨西哥城。 7.南美地区办事处，位于秘鲁利马。旅客国际运输组织 国际民航组织（ICAO）日，联合国第26届大会通过2758 号决议，恢复我国在联合国组织中的合法席位。 同年11月19日国际民航组织第74届理事会第十 六次会议做出相应决定，恢复中华人民共和国 的合法权利。我国于1974年承认芝加哥公约并 自该日起参加国际民航组织的有关活动。从 1974年起，我国连续当选为理事国，并在蒙特 利尔设有常驻国际民航组织的代表。相关公约：芝加哥公约1、缔约国承认每一个国家对其领空具有完全的 排他的主权； 2、根据国际航空运输的发展和实践，公约对定 期航班和不定期航班飞行的权利做出了有关规 定； 3、对从事国际飞行的航空器的国籍和航空器应 具备的条件做出了规定； 4、缔约各国同意采取一切可行的措施，通过发 布特别规章或其他方法，以便利和加速航空器 在缔约各国之间的航行。相关公约：芝加哥公约5、制定了国际民航技术标准和建议的措施。 国际民航组织随后将这些方面的标准和建 议的措施作为公约的附件公布实行。迄 今为止，该附件数量已经达到18个。 6、关于国际民航运输递交统计材料和联营 问题的规定。 7、关于组成国际民航组织的规定相关公约：华沙公约《华沙条约》 《华沙条约》签定于日，全 称是《统一国际航空运输某些规则的条 约》，是民航国际旅客运输中第一部重 要的航空法律。《华沙条约》于1933年2 月13日生效。我国于日送交 了加入书，使该公约于同年10月18日在 我国生效。相关公约：华沙公约公约共分5章41条，对国际航空运输的定义、运 输凭证和承运人责任作出了明确规定。 公约特别规定，在运输过程中由于承运人的过失 使旅客、托运人或收货人遭受损失，承运人应 该承担赔偿责任。公约同时规定，承运人对每 名旅客的最大赔偿责任是12.5万金法郎，行李 和货物每公斤250金法郎，旅客手提行李每人 不超过5000金法郎。这里的金法郎是指含有 900/1000成色的65.5克黄金的金法郎。这些金 额可以折合成任何国家的货币，并取整数。相关公约：《服务贸易总协定》 与航空运输附件世界贸易组织（WTO）、《服务贸易总协定》与 航空运输附件 世界贸易组织的前身是缔约于1947年、正式生效 1947 于1948年的关税与贸易总协定，它是一项有关 关税和贸易的多边国际协定，同时也是一个调 整缔约国之间经济贸易关系方面的国际组织。 根据客观形势的要求，关税与贸易总协定于* 年更改为世界贸易组织，总部位于瑞士日内瓦。《服务贸易总协定》与航空运 输附件1986年9月在乌拉圭发动的乌拉圭回合，最后于 日发表了“马拉喀什部长宣言”， 并最终形成了世界贸易组织国际法体系的《服 务贸易总协定》。 《服务贸易总协定》包括29条和8个附件，航空 运输附件是其中之一。 《服务贸易总协定》将服务贸易定义为“国际间 服务的提供”，包括某项服务的生产、分配、 营销、销售等一系列活动。《服务贸易总协定》与航空运 输附件《服务贸易总协定》认为，服务贸易的形式包括： 1、跨境服务：表示从一国境内向其他国家境内 提供的服务，它没有人员、物资的流动，而是 通过电信、邮电、互联网等实现的。 2、境外消费：表示在一国境内为其他国家的消 费者提供的服务。 3、商业存在：某一国的服务者通过到其他国家 境内成立公司、分支机构等实体来为其他国家 的用户提供服务，它是服务贸易中最普遍的形 式。 4、自然人移动：某一国的自然人通过在其他国 家的存在来为有关用户提供服务。《服务贸易总协定》与航空运 输附件在民航运输服务领域里，早在1990年国际民航组 织就与当时的关税与贸易总协定达成共识：在 民航运输业的“硬约束”方面，即航空权、航 路、航空器适航、飞行安全、人员执照等方面 要受国际民航组织签署的协议和颁发的规则的 约束；在民航运输业的“软约束”方面，即民 用航空器贸易、民航客货运输销售、计算机定 座、航空器及附件的维修方面，需要受到当时 的关税与贸易总协定的原则和规则的约束。IATA GeographyTraffic conference area 1- TC1: the western hemisphere. Sub- areas: ? North America Canada USA Mexico ? Central America ? Caribbean Area ? South America OR North Atlantic Sub- Area, Mid Atlantic SubArea, South Atlantic Sub- AreaIATA GeographyTraffic conference area 2- Sub- areas: ? Europe: Europe Community(EC)countries, Economic & Monetary Union(EMU) ? Africa ? Middle EastIATA GeographyTraffic conference area 3- Sub- areas: South East Asia Sub- area(SEA) South Asian Subcontinent Sub- area(SASC) Japan,Korea Sub- area South West Pacific Sub- areaMajor City CodesVIE- Vienna BRU-Brussels SOF-Sofia LCA- Larnaca PAR- Paris FRA-Frankfurt ATH-Athens REK-Reykjavik MIL-Milan AMS-Amsterdam RTM-Rotterdam WAW-Warsaw LIS-Lisbon MOW-Moscow MAD-MadridMajor City CodesSTO-Stockholm OSL-Oslo CPH-Copenhagen ZRH-Zurich GVA-Geneva LON-London IST-Istanbul MIL-Milan BCN-Barcelona LED-St PetersburgeMajor City Codes (AFRICA)ABJ-Abidjan CAI-Cairo ADD-Addis ababa LUN-Lusaka HRE-Harare JNB-JohannesburgMajor City Codes (ASIA)BJS-Beijing HKG-Hongkong DEL-Delhi BOM-Mumbai JKT-Jakarta TLV-Tel aviv TYO-Tyoko OSA-Osaka SEL-Seoul KUL-Kuala lumpur ISB- Iskamabad KHI-Karachi MNL-Manila BKK-Bangkok DXB-DubaiMajor City Codes (NORTH AMERICA)YOW-Ottawa YTO-Toronto CHI-Chicago MIA-Miami SFO-San Francisco YMQ-Montreal YVR-Vancouver LAX-Los Angeles NYC-New York WAS- WashingtonMajor City Codes (MID AND SHOUTH AMERICA)HAV-Havana MEX- Mexico BUE-Buenos Aires RIO- Rio De Janeiro SAO-Sao Paulo CCS-Caracas LIM-Lima BOG-BogotaMajor City Codes (MID AND SHOUTH AMERICA)CBR-Canberra MEL-Melbourne SUV-Suva WLG-Wellington SYD-Sydney PER-Perth NAN-Nadi AKL-AucklandGlobal IndicatorsWH-western hemisphere travel EH- eastern hemisphere travel AT- via the Atlantic Ocean PA- via the Pacific AP-via the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans HKG-YTO-LONGlobal IndicatorsPN- transpacific routing between South America and Southwest Pacific via North America SYD-LAX-MEX-SCL SA-via South Atlantic routing between South Atlantic sub- area and South East Asia via the Atlantic and via point( s)in Central Africa, Southern Africa, Indian Ocean Islands only or via direct services RIO- HKGGlobal IndicatorsTS- between TC2 AND TC3 only for tans Siberian routing on nonstop service between Europe and Japan, Korea, Taiwan BKK-TYO-PAR FE- travel between the Russian Federation , Ukraine and Area3 with a nonstop sector between Russia/ Ukraine and ARea3. MOW- HKG- POMGlobal IndicatorsAP-via the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans example: HKG- YTO-LONPassengersInfants not reach 2nd birthday Children 2 - 11 Adult upon 12 UMA child, up to the age of 12, who travels alone, not accompanied by an adult. Airlines require travel agents to inform them of any unaccompanied minors reserved on flights so that suitable arrangements can be made.Children And Infants FareAge Under 2 no seat Under 2 booked seat 2-7 8-11 Accompanied Fare 10% 67% 67% 67% Unaccompanied Fare 100% 100% 100% 67%Booking ConceptBasic Concept of Air TransportBooking conceptCRSComputer reservation systemAvailabilityTerms used to represent the number of seats remaining for purchaseBooking formA form completed by a travel agent when a booking is created. The form records details of customer’s name, contact address and telephone number, itinerary, payment details, and booking conditions.Booking concept (continued)Confirmed reservationA definite booking, where seats are available and reservation has been created under a passenger’s name.ReconfirmationProcedure by which passengers confirm their intention to use the reserved seat booking.Booking concept (continued)PNRA unique computerized file. A PNR is created by the booking agent and is used to communicate passenger details and intended flight itinerary as well as other requests and information relevant to the carrier. Also referred to as a booking or reservation.Booking statusConfirmed reservation Space under request Subject to space available No seat (infants) Open ticket OK RQ SA NS OPENDate not entered on the ticketCheck-inBasic Concept of Air TransportCheck-inCheck-inFormalities undertaken by a passenger at an airport before departure. These include the checking of passenger documents, allocation of seats, and issue of boarding pass and baggage tag.Check-in (continued)No-showA passenger holding a flight reservation who fails to use it and cancel it prior to the flight departure.Go-showA passenger who shows up for a flight without a reservation.Stand-byThe term refers to a traveller who has no reservation but is ready to travel on a fully booked flight who waits to see if a seat becomes available due to a no-show.Over BookingWhy we need Over Booking How to do it? DB and DB cost.Baggage ConceptBasic Concept of Air TransportBaggage conceptBaggagePersonal items carried by a traveler, such as clothes, camera equipment, and other articles related to the journey.Baggage allowanceRefers to the amount of luggage each passenger is permitted to transport free of chargeBaggage concept (continued)Baggage tagA document noting the passenger’s name and address that is attached to luggage as a means of identification. Tags issued at check-in that are used to identify checked baggageType of BaggageChecked baggage Unchecked baggageChecked BaggagePresented, tagged, weighted at checkin Carried in the hold of the aircraft Through checked in indirect flight. Attach contact information outside and inside (It’s useful in time of get lost.)Unchecked BaggageAlso known as cabin baggage Or hand baggage Placed in closed overhead lockers Or under the passenger’s seatBaggage AllowanceRefers to the amount of luggage each passenger is permitted to transport free of charge Applies for both checked and unchecked luggageBaggage allowanceWeight concept Piece conceptWeight conceptBaggage allowanceF40Kg(88lbs) C/J 30Kg(66lbs) Y 20Kg(44lbs)Airlines do vary their allowances, especially for F and C/J class passengers. Domestic routes may also differ from the aboveChildren and InfantsChildren: same as adult Infants: no baggage allowancePiece conceptBaggage allowanceF, C/J class Y class 2pieces(bags) 2pieces(bags)Dimensions: up to, but not exceed 158cm(62inches) Dimensions: 1 bag must not exceed 158cm(62inches) Total for both bags must not exceed 273cm(107inches)Maximum weight for any one bag must not exceed either 32kg(70lbs) Or 23kg(50lbs) if travel is within North America.Children and InfantsChildren: same as adult Infants: 1 piece that three sides dimensions must not exceed 115cmArticles consider as a single piece of baggageThe following articles, irrespective of their actual dimensions, may be considered as a piece of baggage at 135cm(53inches)One sleeping bag or bedroll One rucksack/knapsack/backpack One pair of snow skis with one pair of ski poles and one pair of ski boots One golf bag, golf clubs and pair of golf shoes One duffle type bag or B-4 type bag One suitably packed bicycle One pair of standard water skis or one slalom water ski Suitably packed fishing equipment, comprising not more than two rods, one reel, one landing net, one pair of fishing boots, and one fishing tackle bow Certain sporting firearms (subject to each airlines conditions of carriage) Any portable musical instrument not exceeding 100cm (39 inches) in lengthWhere Piece System AppliesBetween USA/US Territories and or countries Between Canada and Europe, Middle East, Southern Africa, South Asian Subcontinent, the Far East except Gum and South West Pacific, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay Between the Far East and Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Mexico, USA Between Guam/Saipan and Japan, Okinawa, Hong Kong, Korea Republic, China, Taiwan, Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, India Between Pago Pago and South West PacificCabin Baggage AllowanceFirst class (some business class)1 bag 23×35×55cm (9×14×22 inches) 1 garment bag 20cm (8inches) thick when fold, plus 1 briefcase or laptop computer Total combined weight: 10kg (22lbs)Economy class1 piece with a maximum dimension of 115cm (45 inches); or 1 bag 23×35×55cm (9×14×22 inches) Total combined weight: 5kg (11lbs)Excess BaggageLuggage over the normal free baggage allowance in either weight or dimension. Excess baggage chargeThe highest normal economy class one way adult fare 1.5% per kilogram Unite fare systemSpecial ChargesSpecial charge could apply if passengers wish to transport large or fragile articles such as surfboards or skiing equipment. PetsSeeing eye dog Usually, Pets will be transport in a special area of hold Small dogs, cat…… Unaccompanied animals are transported by air cargo. VaccinationsSpecial itemsA bag containing food for infants Wheelchair or other devices for invalid passengersProhibited itemsHarmless or dangerous on board an aircraftMatches and lighters are forbidden in baggage. Flammable liquids, fuel, paints, solvents, adhesive, …… Fireworks Bleaches, drain cleaners, … toxic chemicalsElectronic goodsRadio transmitters Mobile phones CD workmanThe Journey ConceptBasic Concept of Air TransportThe Journey ConceptAnatomy of a Journey A journey consists of the entire routing included on a ticket or group of conjunction tickets., including:The Journey ConceptOrigin: the initial starting point and the first ticketed point in the routing. It is also a fare construction point and is usually in the country of commencement of travel. Destination:the ultimate stopping place of the journey and as a terminal point in the routing it is also considered a fare construction point or a fare break point.The Journey ConceptIntermediate point(s)-transfer points intermediate stopover point:a point where the passenger breaks his journey and is not scheduled to depart within 24 hours. intermediate no stopover point:a point where the passenger arrives and departs within 24 hours.The Journey ConceptSector: a portion of the journey comprised of legs or section, mostly used in reference to fare construction. This usually involves a pair of points. Fare component: a component or a portion of the itinerary between two consecutive fare construction points. Thus a journey may have one or more fare component.The Journey Concept types of journeyOne way trip(OW):the origin and final destination are in different countries. Round trip(RT):a travel entirely by air from a point to another point and return to the original point. It has two fare component of equal normal fares.The Journey Concept types of journeycircle trip(CT):travel from a point and return thereto by a continuous, circuitous air route, including journeys comprising two fare components but which do not meet the conditions of the round trip definition.The Journey Concept types of journeyOpen jaw may have two international fare components and may contain domestic surface sector or international surface sectors depending on the conditions of the special fare. single open jaw- SOJ double open jaw- DOJPoints in the routesOriginX/X/Intermediate points (transfers) DestinationStopover and transfer connection pointTransfer connection point (no stopovers) Stopover pointX/X/Stopover and transfer connection pointStopoverIntermediate points that passengers not scheduled to depart within 24 hoursNo stopoverIntermediate points that passengers scheduled to depart within 24 hoursTicketing NotesFROM/TO ENDORSEMENT/RESTRICTIONS(CARBON) ORIGIN/DESTINATION AIRLINE DATAAUDIT COUPONDATE AND PLACE OF ISSUENYC X/PAR CPH OSL BGO ──CARRFARE CALC.AA AF SK SKNAME OF PASSENGERNOT TRANSFERABLEDATE OF ISSUEISSUE IN EXCHANGE FORVALIDATECONJUNCTION TICKETSORIGINAL ISSUEAIRLINE FORM SERIAL NO. PLACE DATE AGENT’S NUMERIC CODEAGENTX/O NOT GOOD FOR PASSAGE CARRIER FLIGHT/CLASS DATE TIME STATUS FARE BASIS NOT VALID BEFOREsignedNOT VALID AFTER ALLOWFROMNEW YORK JFKAA 111Y 11OCT 1510 OK AF 222Y 11OCT 1115 OK SK 333Y 21NOV 1110 OK SK O P E NPASSENGER TICKET AND BAGGAGE CHECK- ISSUED BYX OTOPARISTOCOPENHAGENTOOSLOTOTOUR CODEBERGENFORM OF PAYMENT TOTAL FARE CALC.SUBJECTED TO CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT IN THIS TICKETFare ComponentA component or a portion of the itinerary between two consecutive fare construction points. A journey may have one or more fare components.Routing Having One Fare ComponentA B C D E Destination Intermediate points OriginRouting Having Two Fare ComponentsA B C D E F G Origin Intermediate points Fare Break PointIntermediate pointsDestinationJourney TypesOne Way(OW)Auckland-Sydney Auckland-Singapore-PerthRound Trip(RT)LON-NYC-LON BJS-TYO-BJSLON NYCJourney TypesCircle TripROM-PAR-VIE-ROM ROM ROM-PAR-ZRH-MAD-ROMVIE PAROpen JawPAR-ROM-NCE SYD-MNL-TYO-AKLPARNECROMJourney TypesOpen JawBJSTYOBJS-TYO surface OSA-BJS BJS-PAR surface LON-BJS BJS BJS-TYO surface OSA-SHABJS SHAOSA PAR LON TYO OSAInternational Sale IndicatorSale Inside OutsideSITITicketing Inside OutsideSOTOOne Country rules:ScandinaviaSOLD:OSL TICKETED:STO CPH VIE MAD PAR SOLD:YVR TICKETED:NYC SIA LAX SEA LIMUSA and CanadaExercisesJourney LON- PAR TPE-SEA-TPE AKL-LAX JNB-SIN UAK-REK-OSL Sold in LON TPE AKL NBO CPH Ticketed in LON YVR SYD NBO UAK ISIPassenger air tariff(PAT)All information in the PAT is divided into the following four categories: 1.Maximum Permitted Mileages 2.General tariff information 3.EH(Eastern Hemisphere)tariff information between and within Areas 2 and 3. 4.WH(Western Hemisphere)tariff information from/to/within Area1.Passenger air tariffEH(Eastern Hemisphere)tariff information between and within Areas 2 and 3. fares Eastern Hemisphere fares rules Eastern Hemisphere WH(Western Hemisphere)tariff information from/to/within Area1. fares Western Hemisphere fares rules Western HemispherePassenger air tariffAll books are published quarterly except for the Maximum Permitted Mileages book which is released in April of each year and the Fares books which are published eight times a yearFEB,MAR.MAY.JUN.AUG.SEP,NOV,DEC.Passenger air tariff(general rules books)1.alphabetical index 2.country codes 3.city name,codes 4.rules section abbreviation and definition of terms baggage Industry remuneration Discount Interline carriersPassenger air tariff(general rules books)Payment Currency Taxes/fees/charges Passenger ticket Other documents Endorsement Credit cards Reservations and ticket coding directory InclusivePassenger air tariff(general rules books)5.carrier’s special regulations 6.ticketed point mileages 7.round the world faresFare TypesNormal /special faresY,Y2 YEE6MSpecified and unspecified fares carrier fare and industry faresFare TypesNormal fares are fares that do not have as many restrictions as special fare. Including: ? Unrestricted normal fares or primary fares such as: F or F1,P or P1(for first class fares) C or C1, J or J1(for intermediate class fares) Y or Y1, S or S1(for economy class fares)Fare TypesRestricted normal fares or secondary normal fares such as: F2 or P2(for first class restricted fares) J2, C2,C3(for business class restricted fares) Y2, S2, Y11(fro economy class restricted fares)?Fare TypesOne way (OW)fares in normal typeface only used for OW journey Round trip (RT)fares in bold typeface used for return trips such as round trips and circle tripsFare Selection CriteriaWhen a journey has given, fare selection must comply with the following criteria: 1.global indicator:fares for fare component must be selected based on the routing actually flown. For example:LON- NYC-SEL AP LON- FRA-SEL TSFare Selection Criteria2.Carrier:for AT, PA and WH carrier coded fares from/to Canada/USA, quote the fares of the “overwater”carrier used between the first of departure in Canada and USA and the first point of arrival outside Canada/ USA or vice versa. For example: JED- WAS- NYCFare Selection Criteria3.THE RULE: when selecting fares, you should always comply with the relevant conditions of the accompanying rule. For example: LON-SEL E032Specified routingWhen the journey complies with the conditions in the table, the journey can be considered to be a direct journeySpecified routingApplication of routing 1.the fare construction points are the same as the origin and destination found in the table. 2.the route is via the intermediate points specified and no additional point(s) are added.(you may delete via points but not add more points.Specified routing3.where to or more cities are separated by the “/”symbol, only one of them may be selected as an origin,destination or via points. 4.where two cities are separated by “-”system, - system, both cities may be used as via point . 5.the notes of specified routing , if any , are followed.Specified routing6.the routing is read from left to right or v.v.although route options appear to be shown in one direction only, for travel in the opposite direction, you must follow the sequence in the reverse direction.LONDON UK (LON)FARE TYPE LOCAL CURRENCY NUC CARR CODE RULE GI MPM & ROUTING EH 8944 TS 8352 AP
93 683 68 20 67 88.18 6.91 9.80 6.05 4.76 44.28 50.97 0.61 8A Y088A Y077 E032 EH TS EH TS AP AP EH TS EH TS EH TS AP AP EH TS EH TS AP AP EH TS EH TS EH TSTO SEOUL (SEL)Y Y Y Y Y2 C C C C F F F F YLPX3M YHPX3M YEE6MJEDDAH (JED)FARE TYPE LOCAL CURRENCY NUC CARR CODE RULE GI MPM & ROUTING AT 00 86 18 86 03
2.34 6.72 2.34 6.72 2.34 6.72 0.81 1144.45 BA BA BA BA KL KL KL SV SV SV SV TW X X N N N N N N AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT 7648TO NEW YORK (NYC) Y2 Y1 C F S S2 J F S S7 C Y2 Y J F Y22ExercisesIf routing is: JED-AMS-NYC Y CLASS What economy fare type would you quote? How much is the OW NUC from JED to NYC? How much is the RT NUC from JED to NYC via KL? Where do you find rule N0106?Currency rulesLocal Currency FareWhich is usually in the national currency of the country of commencement of international transportation. However, there are groups of countries that express their local currency fares in a currency other than their original national currency.US dollar (USD) countries EMU countriesNUC Conversion ProcedureNeutral Unit of Construction IATA Rate of ExchangeFive-day average ending on the 15th of each month. It changes 4 times a year. Unless the variation in currency value by more than 6%.Relationship of NUC ROE LCFLCF=NUC*ROE NUC=LCF/ROETo calculate fares, rates or charges in currencies list bellows:Multiply NUC fares rate/ and round up to the resulting amount to the Charge by the following next higher unit as listed below: rate of exchange: From NUC Rounding UnitsCountry (+local currency acceptance limited)Curren cy NameISO CodeAlphaNu mbe rLocal Curr. faresOther Decima Charg l es UnitsN ot esHaiti Hong Kong SARUS Dollar Hong Kong SAR Dollar ForintUSD8401. 7.0.1 12 23, 5 5HKD 344Hungary Iceland + IndiaHUF ISK INR348 352 356230. 72. 42.44202 510 10 12 0 0 2ROUNDING RULES AND UNITSHighermore than one decimal of rounding unit deduce the less unit if the result big than “0”,rounding up else rounding offNearestExample1Raw LCF NZD1234.3 Rounding Unit Rounded LCF H1 NZD1235.00 NZD1234.00 NZD1235.00 NZD1240.00NZD NZD1234.9 NZD H1Example2Raw LCF INR1232.3 INR1230.09 INR1239.9 INR1239.09 INR1299.09 Rounding Unit Rounded LCF H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 INR1235 INR1230 INR1240 INR1240 INR1300Example3Raw LCFJOD1234.39 JOD1234.09 JOD JOD2209.98Rounding Unit Rounded LCFH0.1 H0.1 H0.1 H0.1 JOD JOD JOD JODExample4Raw LCFUSD1234.39 USD1234.09 USD1234.80 USD2299.98Rounding Unit Rounded LCFN1 N1 N1 N1 USD1234.00 USD1234.00 USD1235.00 USD2300.00Example5Raw LCFHKD1234 HKD1230.09 HKD1235.70 HKD1238..08Rounding Unit Rounded LCFN10 N10 N10 N10 HKD1230.00 HKD1230.00 HKD1240.00 HKD1240.00Example6Raw LCFEUR EUR EUR EUR EURRounding Unit Rounded LCFN0.01 N0.01 N0.01 N0.01 N0.01 EUR1234.11 EUR1234.19 EUR1234.20 EUR1234.17 EUR1234.20Extra Mileage Allowance(EMA)The EMA is a TPM deduction or published bonus mileage that is deducted from the total TPM. Such mileage deduction depends on the type of routing, the origin/destination and via points of the fare component. After deducted the applicable EMA from the TPM, the reduced TPM is compared once again with the MPM to determine whether or not the routing is “within the mileage”.Extra Mileage Allowance(EMA)Example: Between area2 and 3 Between and via mileage deduction Europe area3 BOM DEL 700Excess Mileage Surcharge(EMS)It may happen that after checking the EMA tables, you can not find an applicable EMA or you can find an EMA but it was not enough to lower the TPM. In such cases, the TPM still exceeds the MPM and it becomes necessary to impose a surcharge.Excess Mileage Surcharge(EMS)Surcharge vary from 5% to 25% and is determined by a simple formula. With a calculator, divide the TPM total by the MPM. If the result is: Over 1.00000 but not higher than 1.05, surcharge the fare by 5% Over 1.05000 but not higher than 1.10, surcharge the fare by 10% ……Maximum Permitted Mileage(MPM)MPM is the maximum distance in air miles that the passenger is allowed to travel between the origin and destination of a a fare component.Maximum Permitted Mileage(MPM)Although this maximum distance is usually based on 120%of the shortest operating mileage(SOM)between the points concerned, there is no need for you to take out your calculator to compute for MPM amount. You can find published MPMs in either the PAT fares books or the Maximum Permitted Mileages booksTicketed point mileage( TPM)TPMs represent the shortest operated mileages between the ticketed points of the journey.Ticketed point mileage( TPM)TPMs are published in the PAT General Rules book.Extra Mileage Allowance(EMA)The complete list of EMA is found in Section 2.3.4 of PAT General Rule book..
Point to point fare calculationFCP NUC RULE AF IROE LCF Identify the fare construction points such as the origin and destination of the fare component. Quote the fare in NUC from O to D following the appropriate GI, fare type and carrier code. Identify the rule number, if any. Follow relevant conditions. Determine the applicable fare in NUC. Multiply the NUC by IROE based on the COC. Round the resulting LCF Then show the exact number of decimal places required for the currency.Example1Sold in: JNB ISI: SITI Journey: CPT ZRH SA Ticketed in: JNB Fare Type: Normal EconomyExample1(continue)FCP NUC RULE AF IROE LCF CPTZRH Y EH OW 6 NUC 1471.04 × 6.172500 SAR9079.99~(N10)SAR9080.00FROM/TOCPT ZRHCARRFARE CALCSA1471.04ROETOTAL FARE CALC6.1725 NUC1471.02FARESAR9080.0009JUN02CPT SA ZRH1471.04NUC1471.04END ROE6.1725Fare quotation using LCFFROM/TOFRA BKK ROE is optional.BKK FRA￣￣￣CARRFARE CALCpp26340.00ROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE25.185THB26340.00THB26340.00BKK PP FRA26340.00THB26340.00ENDSpecified routingException of Mileage SystemSpecified routingIndirect routings that qualify as specified routings, using direct fares. A specified routing is published in either:The table of specified routings Specified routing section with numeric referencesApplication of routingFCP are the same as the O&D found in the table. The route is via the intermediate points specified and no additional point(s) are added. Where two or more cities are separated by “/” symbol, only one of them may be selected as an origin, destination or via point. Where two cities are separated by “-” symbol, both citied may be used as via point. The notes of specified routing. Directions.Specified routing tableBetween And Via A point in Canada Lima Toronto C Mexico CityYOW-YTO-MEX-LIM LIM CMEX-YTO-YOW YOW-MEX-LIM or v.v. YOW-YTO-LIM or v.v.Routing reference numbersST VINCENT(SVD)ST VENCENT/GRENA FARE TYPE TO MIAMI(MIA) Y KLXAP 495 623 495.00 623.00 BW BW W LOCAL CURRENCY NUC CARR CODE RULE US DOLLAR(USD) GI MPM & ROUTING WH 1837 WH 0008 WH 0008Route Map Number 0008WESTERN HEMISPHERE BWIA INTERNATIONAL AIRWAYSBW ROUTE NO. 8 BW ROUTE NO. 73GRENADA C NEW YORK LI CBGI -BW SAINT LUCIA C TORONTO LI CBGI -BW SAINT LUCIA C MIAMI LI CBGI -BW NEW YORK LI CBGI -BW TORONTO LI CBGI -BW BARBADOS C WINNIPEG BW-YTO-AC/CP GEORGETOWN C CALGARY BW-POS-BW-YTO-CA/CP EDMONTON BW-POS-BW-YTO-CA/CP MONTREAL BW-POS-BW-YTO-CA/CP OTTAWA BW-POS-BW-YTO-CA/CPMPMST VINCENT(SVD)ST VENCENT/GRENA FARE TYPE TO MIAMI(MIA) Y KLXAP 495 623 495.00 623.00 BW BW W LOCAL CURRENCY NUC CARR CODE RULE US DOLLAR(USD) GI MPM & ROUTING WH 1837 WH 0008 WH 0008TPMEMAEMSLET T=TPM/MPM IF 1.00000&T&=1.M IF 1.05000&T&=1.M IF 1.10000&T&=1.M IF 1.15000&T&=1.M IF 1.20000&T&=1.M IF T&1.25000 establish FCP againMileage system exampleMOW X/SIN SU X/ADL QF AKL NZFCP NUC RULE MPM TPM EMA EMS HIP AFMOWAKL Y OW FE 3060.00 NIL FE NA M MIL 3060.00TTL NUC3060.00 ROE 1.00 LCF USD3060.00FROM/TOMOW X/SIN X/ADL AKL ----CARRFARE CALCSU QF NZ M 3060.00ROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE1.00NUC3060.00USD3060.0014JUN99MOW SU X/SIN QF X/ADL NZ AKL M3060.00NUC3060.00END ROE1.00NUC MPM ZRH ZRHTYO 1 178 FRA SR ROE 1.7 X/ULN OM LCF CHF(H1,2D) 724 BJS OM 1313 TYO JLFCP NUC RULE MPM TPM EMA EMS HIP AFZRHTYO Y OW EH 2906.02 NIL EH
NA M MIL NUC 2906.02TTL NUC 2906.02 ROE 1.464201 LCF 4254.9~ (H1.2D) CHF 4255.00FROM/TOZRH FRA X/ULN BJS TYO -----CARRFARE CALCSR OM OM JL M 2906.02ROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE1.464201NUC 2906.02CHF 4255.0014JUN99ZRH SR FRA OM X/ULN OM BJS JL TYO M2906.02NUC2906.02END ROE1.464201AMS X/OSL SK BGO BU AMSBGO NUC 680.87 MPM 663 TPMs 759 E/XXX 150 ROE 0.916389 LCF EUR(N0.01,2D)FCP NUC RULE MPM TPM EMA EMS HIP AF TTL ROE LCFAMSBGO Y OW EH 680.87 NIL EH 663 759 609 E/XXX -150 M NIL 680.87 680.87 0.916389 EUR623.941~(N0.01)EUR623.94FROM/TOAMS X/OSLCARRFARE CALCSK BUE/XXX M 680.87BGO -------ROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE1.00 NUC680.87EUR623.9414JUN99MOW SU X/SIN QF X/ADL NZ AKL M3060.00NUC3060.00END ROE1.00FROM/TOAMS /// BGO -----CARRFARE CALCX/OSL SK E/XXX // M BU 680.87ROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE0.916389NUC680.87EUR623.9415JUL00AMS SK X/OSL BU BGO E/XXX M680.87NUC680.87END ROE0.916389SHA X/SEL DEL BOM X/PAR PRGOZ KE IC AF OKNUC MPM SHAPRG 4 TPMs 9054 ROE 8.2788 LCF CNY(H10,2D)FCP NUC RULE MPM TPM EMA EMS HIP AF TTL ROE LCFSHAPRG Y OW EH 3293.95 NIL EH 54 E/DELBOM -700 M NIL 3.95 8.2788 CNY27269.9~(H10)CNY27270.00FROM/TOSHA DEL BOM X/PAR PRG------CARRFARE CALCX/SEL OZ KE IC E/DELBOM AF M OK 3293.95ROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE8.28788NUC3293.95CNY27270.0015JUL00SHA OZ X/SEL KE E/DEL IC E/BOM AF X/PAR OK PRG M3293.95NUC3293.95END ROE8.28788BGO 188 OSL BU 864 X/ZRH SK 144 GVA SR NUC BGOGVA 797.80 E/XXX -43 ROE 7.815166 LCF NOK(H5,0D)MPM 1172GVA X/BSL LYS TLSLX LX IJGVATLS 437.09 352 TPMs 523 EMA E/XXX 169 ROE 1.464201 LCF CHF(H1,2D)1 TPE X/KUL KHI X/ISB DXB BUHNUC MPM CI TPEBUH 7 MH ROE 33.126000 PK LCF TWD(H1,0D) EK ROFROM/TOGVA LYS TLS ----CARRFARE CALCX/BSL LX E/XXX LX IJ 5M 458.94ROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE1.464201NUC458.94CHF672.0015JUL00GVA LX X/BSL LX LYS IJ TLS E/XXX5M458.94NUC458.94END ROE1.464201FCP NUC RULE MPM TPM EMA EMS HIP AF TTL ROE LCFGVATLS Y OW EH 437.09 NIL EH 352 523 354 E/XXX -169 5M NIL 437.09X1.05=458. 1.464201 CHF671.98~(H1)CHF672.00FCP NUC RULE MPM TPM EMA EMS HIP AF TTL ROE LCFTPEBUH Y OW EH 1615.70 NIL EH 33 E/KHIISB -700 5M NIL .05=1696.48 NUC.126 TWD56197.5~(H1)TWD56198FROM/TOTPE X/KUL KHI X/ISB DXB BUH-------CARRFARE CALCCI MH PK E/KHIISB EK 5M RO 1696.48ROE33.126TOTAL FARE CALC FARENUC1696.48TWD5619815JUL00TPE CI X/KUL MH E/KHI PK X/E/ISB EK DXB RO BUH5M1696.48NUC1696.48END ROE33.126
Higher intermediate point check(HIP)The HIP rule is an integral part of the mileage system formula. It is a fare component which ensure that the fare in NUC from fare component origin to fare component destination is not lower than the NUC from/to any intermediate ticketed point in the same component. Comparison of NUC must be in the same class of service.Higher intermediate point check(HIP)When applying the HIP check, you have to look for an NUC that is higher than the origin to destination fare following the direction of the fare component,i.e SITI SOTI stopover only! SITO SOTO transfer connection also!EXAMPLEMAD LIS X/FRA TYO HKG TP TP LH JLMADLIS MADTYO LISTYO LISHKG TYOHKGFCP NUC RULE MPM TPM EMA EMS HIP AF TTL ROE LCFMADHKG Y OW TS 2710.94 NIL TS
NIL M LISHKG Y OW TS NUC3067.72 NUC3067.72 NUC.474248 ESP~(H50)ESP467750FROM/TOMAD LIS X/FRA TYO HKG ------CARRFARE CALCTP TP JL M 3067.72 LH LISHKGROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE152.474248NUC3067.72ESP46775015JUN00MAD TP LIS TP X/FRA LH TYO JL HKG M LISHKG3067.72NUC3067.72END ROE152.474248BRU 98 AMS SN 809 ROM AZ NUC MPM BRUROM 726.32 880 BRUAMS 354.06 AMSROM 780.90 ROE 0.916389 LCF EUR(N0.01,2D)FCP NUC RULE MPM TPM EMA EMS HIP AF TTL ROE LCFBRUROM Y OW EH 726.32 NIL EH 880 907 NIL 5M AMSROM Y OW EH NUC780.90 NUC780.90X1.05=819.94 NUC819.94 0.916389 EUR751.383~(N0.01)751.38FROM/TOBRU AMS /// ROM ----CARRFARE CALCSN // AZ5M AMSROM 819.94ROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE0.916389NUC819.94EUR751.3815JUN00BRU SN AMS AZ ROM5M AMSROM819.94NUC819.94END ROE0.916389SEL 511 OSA OZ 3141 X/POM PX 809 SYD QF NUC MPM SELSYD 6 SELOSA 452.00 OSASYD NEXT PAGE ROE
LCF KRW(H100,0D)OSASYD Y NUC2146.86 OSASYD Y2 NUC5Y365 2 transfers and no stopover permittedFCP NUC RULE MPM TPM EMA EMS HIP RULE AF TTL ROE LCFSELSYD Y OW EH 1147.13 NIL EH
NIL M OSASYD Y2 OW EH NUC 5 NUC1781.70 NUC5.078863 KRW~(H100)KRW2200600FROM/TOSEL OSA SYD -----CARRFARE CALCOZ QFM OSASYD 1781.70X/POM PXROETOTAL FARE CALC FARENUC1781.70KRW220060015JUN00SEL OZ OSA PX X/POM QF SYD M OSASYD1781.70NUC1781.70END ROESEL TYO X/MIL OSLMH AZ BUBGO OSL BU X/ZRH SK GVA SRBUD ROM BUH DXBMA AZ GFBHCOW Backhaul CheckAB+BC&=AB+AB-BC’=2AB-AC’&=2AB-AC C A C’ BBHCMRU BOM KUL BKK MK MH TGFCP MRUBKK NUC F OW EH 918.30 RULE NIL MPM EH 5247 TPM 5946 EMA NIL EMS 15M HIP MRUKUL F OW EH NUC 1313.98 RULE NIL AF NUC 1511.07 CHECK BHCHI:MRUKUL 1313.98 -LO:MRUBKK 918.30 BHD 395.68 +HI 1313.98 OWM 1709.66 -AF 1511.07 P 198.59 TTL NUC 1709.66 ROE 24.96988 LCF MUR42690.00~(H5)MUR42690.00FROM/TOMRU BOM KUL BKK ----CARRFARE CALCMK MH TG15M MRUKUL 1511.07 MRUKUL MRUBKKPROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE198.59 24.96988NUC1709.66MUR42690.0015JUN02MRU MK BOM MH KUL TG BKK15M MRUKUL1511.07P MRUKUL MRUBKK198.59NUC1709.66END ROE24.96988BKK 762 KUL MH 3387 MRU MH 1104 SEZ HM BKKSEZ 843.35 6118 BKKMRU 1114.71 KULMRU 1193.68 ROE 37.404221 LCF THB(H5,2D)FCP BKKSEZ NUC C OW EH 843.35 RULE NIL MPM EH 6118 TPM 5253 EMA NIL EMS M HIP KULMRU C OW EH NUC 1193.68 RULE NIL AF NUC 1193.68 CHECK BHCHI: BKKMRU 1114.71 -LO: BKKSEZ 843.35 BHD 271.36 +HI 1114.71 OWM 1386.07 -AF 1193.68 P 192.39 TTL NUC 1386.07 ROE 37.404221 LCF THB 51844.8~(H5) THB 51845.00FROM/TOBKK KUL MRU SEZ -----CARRFARE CALCMH MH HMM KULMRU 1193.68 BKKMRU BKKSEZPROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE192.39 37.404221NUC1386.07THB51845.0015JUN02BKK MH KUL MH MRU HM SEZ M KULMRU1193.68P BKKMRU BKKSEZ192.39NUC1386.07END ROE37.404221CAI X/LCA CY LON CY AMS U2NUC MPM CAIAMS 616.91 2565 CAILON 895.78 TPMs 2598 ROE 3.408160 LCF EGP(H1,2D)BEY 128 X/LCA ME 2028 LON CY 298 DUS BA BEYDUS 3 BEYLCA 1525.00 BEYLON 1334.00 ROE 1.00 LCF USD(N1,2D)JNB MTS HRE DAR X/CAI BUH VIEZC UM TC MS RO OSNUC MPM JNBVIE 8 JNBBUH 2041.31 MTSBUH 2143.37 TPMs 5905 ROE 6.172500 LCF ZAR(H10,2D)FROM/TOCAI X/LCA LON AMS ----CARRFARE CALCCY CY U25M CAILON 940.56 CAILON CAIAMSPROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE234.09 3.40816NUC1174.65EGP4004.0015NOV02CAI CY X/LCA CY LON U2 AMS5M CAILON940.56P CAILON CAIAMS234.09NUC1174.65END ROE3.40816FROM/TOJNB MTS HRE DAR X/CAI BUH VIE-------CARRFARE CALCZC UM TC MS M RO MTSBUH OS 2143.37ROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE6.1725NUC2143.37ZAR13230.0015NOV02JNB ZC MTS UM HRE TC DAR MS X/CAI RO BUH OS VIE M MTSBUH2143.37NUC2143.37END ROE6.1725DMC for OW journeyDMD- directional minimum check. When the ISI is SOTI,SITO,SOTO, then the fare after BHC is not less than the direct fare from any direction.DMC for OW journeyLON 217 AMS 4668 PBM FARE LON-PBM 1189. 75 AMS-PBM 1200.00 PBM-LON 1270.02 MPM 5798DMC for OW journeyFCP LONPBM NUC OW EH 1189.75 RULE NIL MPM 5798 TPM 4885 HIP AMS PBM OW EH1200.OO AF NUC 1200.00DMC for OW journeyCHECK BHC NIL DMC PBM LON 1270.02 -AF -P(BHC) P=0.00-0=70.02FROM/TOLON AMS PBM -----PBM LONCARRFARE CALCBA KLP70.02ROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE0.5934DMC for OW journeyLON BA AMS KL PBM M AMSPBM1200.00P PBMLON70.02NUC1270.02END ROE0.5934OW JOURNEY(SITI)CAI 353 EH X/LCA 2028EH LON 217 EH AMS ISI:SITI FARE CAIAMS C OW 763.85 CAILON 835.52 LCAAMS 850.20 ROE:3.879 EGP(HI,2D)MPM 2565OW JOURNEY(SITO)CAI 353 EH X/LCA 2028EH LON 217 EH AMS FARE CAIAMS C OW 763.85 CAILON 835.52 LCAAMS 850.20 AMSLCA 900.00 ROE:3.879 EGP(HI,2D) MPM 2565OW JOURNEY(SITI)TPE FARE MPM 2018EH X/KUL TPEBUH 8 2750EH KHI KULBUH EH X/ISB TPEDXB 3EH DXB BUHTPE7EH BUH ROE 32.5198 TWD(H1,0D)OW JOURNEY(SOTI)TPE FARE MPM 2018EH X/KUL TPEBUH 8 2750EH KHI KULBUH EH X/ISB TPEDXB 3EH DXB BUHTPE7EH BUH ROE 32.5198 TWD(H1,0D)OW MIN CONSTRUCTIONApplication: 1.no direct fare for FCP. 2.have direct FCP fare but EMS more than 25M. 3.have direct FCP fare and EMS less than 25M,but can get lower fare by constructionOW MIN CONSTRUCTIONSTEPS: 1.undercut more than two fare components. 2. Calculate the fare fore each fare component,and put them together. 3. Direct fare undercut check(one way subjourney check) :DFUC or OSCOW MIN CONSTRUCTIONDFUC or OSC The fare for OW minimum constrution should be more than the direct fare from origin to destination of the journey.OW MIN CONSTRUCTIONJL KE CI TYO――SEL――TPE――MNL 740 920 731 TYO-SEL NUC 342.92 MPM928 TYO-MNL 703.59 2254 TYO-TPE 445.87 1596 SEL-TPE 444.32 1178 SEL-MNL 503.64 1093 TPE-MNL 216.21 897OW MIN CONSTRUCTION(way1)FCP TYO MNL NUC 703.59 MPM 2254 TPM 2391 EMS 10M CF 773.94 FARE1 = 773.94OW MIN CONSTRUCTION(way2)FCP TYOTPE TPEMNL NUC 445.87 216.21 MPM 1596 TPM 1660 EMS 5M CF NUC468.16 NUC216.21 TTL NUC684.37 DFUC（OSC） TYO-MNL NUC703.59 & TTL H=19.22 FARE 2=703.59OW MIN CONSTRUCTION(way3)FCP TYO - SEL SEL - TPE TPE - MNL NUC 342.92 444.32 216.21 CF 342.92 444.32 216.21 TOTAL 1003.45 FARE4 = 1003.45OW MIN CONSTRUCTION(way4)FCP TYOSEL SELMNL NUC 342.92 503.64 MPM 1093 TPM 1651 EMS OVER25MOW MIN CONSTRUCTION(way2)TYO SEL JL 5M TPE KE 468.16 MNL CI 216.21 ―― TYOMNL H 19.22 NUC703.59OW MIN CONSTRUCTION(way2)TYO JL SEL KE TPE5M468.16CI MNL216.21H TYOMNL19.22NUC703.59ENDRT and CT ConstructionSelecting a fare break point:as a general rule, you break the journey the journey at the point farthest from the origin. To identify what is the farthest point, you have to measure the distance in terms of the highest MPM. Sometimes any other point may produce a more favourable fare provided such point has a sufficient MPM, hence, it does not matter if you break at a stopover or at a connecting point.RT and CT Construction (general guideline)1.apply the basic fare constructionsteps on each fare component. 2.use 1/2RT fare for each fare component. 3.for each fare component which ends in the country of origin,use the fare in the reverse direction of travel. But fare component within Scandinavia and between US and Canada will have fares in the actual direction or travel. 4. Fro HIP m check the fare in the same direction as the fare component.RT and CT Construction5.for Circle trips, apply circle trip minimum check(CTM). CTM:the total amount of two or more fare component not less than the RT fare from the origin to the highest rated stopover point.RT and CT Construction(RT)BB CC DD EE FF GG ROM―MAD--NYC―CCS―LPB―X/BUE-ROM 836 06
ROM-LPB 1/2RT Y NUC1537.79 MPM9050 ROM-BUE 5RT and CT Construction(RT)OUTBOUND FCP ROMLPB NUC Y 1/2RT NUC1537.79 MPM 9050 TPM 8753 EMA NIL EMS M HIP NIL AF 1537.79 TTL 3075.58 INBOUND ROMLPB NUC0 8327 NIL M NIL 1537.79RT and CT Construction(RT)ROM MAD BB NYC CC CCS DD M LPB EE 1537.79 BUE FF M. ROM GG 1537.79 ―― NUC3075.58RT and CT Construction(RT)ROM BB MAD CC NYC DD CCS EE LPB M1537.79FF BUE GG ROM M1537.79NUC3075.58ENDRT and CT Construction(CT)KL KL SR SR KL KLCUR―AMS―BCN―ZRH―HAM―X/AMS―CUR 432 236 4869 CUR-AMS F 1/2RT NUC1729.12 MPM5842 CUR-BCN 2 CUR-ZRH 6 CUR-HAM 6RT and CT Construction(CT)OUTBOUND INBOUND FCP CURHAM CURHAM NUC F 1/2RT NUC1796.20 NUC1796.20 MPM
EMA NIL NIL EMS 10M M HIP NIL NIL AF 1.20 TTL 3772.02 CTM CTM=3592.40&TTLRT and CT Construction(CT)OUTBOUND INBOUND FCP CURZRH CURZRH NUC F 1/2RT NUC1729.12 NUC1729.12 MPM
EMA NIL NIL EMS M M HIP NIL CURHAM 1796.20 CF 6.20 TTL 3525.32 CTM CTM=3592.40 &TTL P = 67.08RT and CT Construction(CT)OUTBOUND FCP CURBCN NUC F 1/2RT NUC1706.95 MPM 5792 TPM 5640 EMA NIL EMS M HIP CURAMS 1729.12 CF 1729.12 TTL 3615.13 CTM CTM=3592.40&TTL INBOUND CURBCN 2 6069 NIL 5M CURHAM 6.01RT and CT Construction(CT)CUR KL AMS KL BCN SR ZRH M1729.12SR HAM KL X/AMS KL CURMCURHAM1796.20P CURHAM67.08NUC3592.40ENDRT and CT Construction(CT)CUR AMS KL BCN KL M ZRH SR 1729.12 HAM SR M X/AMS KL CURHAM CUR KL 1796.20 ―― CURHAM P 67.08 NUC 3592.40RT and CT Construction(CT)DAC 4797EH BRU BG 469EH CPH SN 393EH AMS SK 4375EH KTM KL 415EH DAC BG FARE (1/2RT) MPM DACAMS1 DACBRU 4 DACCPH 0 ROE1.00 SUD(N1,2D)RT and CT Construction(SITO)56 6800 MNL FARE(1/2RT) MPM X/KWI K MNLLON3 LON KU MNLMOW(EH) 0 MOW SU MNLMOW(FE) 7 MNL PR KWILON 1500 MOWMNL(EH)2300.00 MOWMNL(FE)2200.00 ROE1.00 USD(N1,2D)Mixed classDAR 2620 CAI 5608 NYC MS Y MS F NUC MPM DARNYC Y 5 F 3089.00 CAINYC Y 991.73 F 2206.75 ROE 1.OO LCF USD(N1,2D)FROM/TODAR CAI NYC -----CAI NYC ----CARRFARE CALCMS MSM 1841.00D1215.02ROETOTAL FARE CALC FARE1.00NUC 3056.02USD 3056.0015NOV02DAR MS CAI MS NYC M1841.00D CAINYC1215.02NUC3056.02END ROE1.00Mixed classRB SK KL BA OS DAM―CPH―AMS―LON―VIE―DAM
780 1449 Y F F Y Y DAMCPH Y NUC811.80 F 8 DAMLON YNUC809.05 F 9 DAMAMS YNUC737.60 F 2 LONCPH Y NUC429.03 F917.46 LONCPH Y NUC429.03 FNUC917.64 CPHAMS Y NUC 423.45 F632.51 LONAMS Y NUC260.19 F411.15Mixed class (CPH AS BREAK POINT)选CPH为FCP FCP DAMCPH DAMCPH NUC Y 1/2RTNUC811.80 811.80 MPM 2868 TPM 2839 EMS M AF 811.80 811.80 TTL 1623.60（THIS IS ROUND TRIP） CTM NILMixed class (CPH AS BREAK POINT)D: FCP LONCPH NUC F 1/2RT NUC917.64 Y 1/2RT NUC429.03 MPM 712 712 TPM 610 610 EMS M M CF F NUC917.64 Y NUC429.03 D=917.64-429.03=488.61 Y+D=2112.21Mixed class (LON AS BREAK POINT)选LON为FCP WAY1 FCP DAMLON DAMLON NUC Y 1/2RT NUC809.05 Y 1/2RT NUC809.05 MPM
EMS M M HIP DAMCPH 811.80 AF 811.80 809.05 TTL 1620.85 CTM 1623.60&TTL P=2.75Mixed class (LON AS BREAK POINT)FCP CPHLON NUC F 1/2RT NUC830.01 Y 1/2RT NUC512.41 MPM 712 712 TPM 610 610 EMS M M AF 830.01 512.41 D=830.01-512.41=317.60 Y+D=.60=1941.60Mixed class Mixed class (LON AS BREAK POINT)WAY2FCP DAMLON DAMLON NUC F 1/2RT NUC1500.00 F 1/2RT NUC1500.00 MPM
EMS M M HIP DAMCPH 1600.00 AF 0.00 TTL 3100.00 CHECK CTM DAMCPH RT3200.00 P=.00Mixed class (AMS AS BREAK POINT)选AMS为FCP FCP DAMAMS DAMAMS NUC Y 1/2RT NUC737.60 737.60 MPM
EMS M M HIP DAMCPH811.80 DAMLON 809.05 AF 811.80 809.05 TTL 1620.85 CTM CTM=0.85 P=2.75Mixed class Mixed class (AMS AS BREAK POINT)D: FCP CPHAMS NUC F 1/2RT NUC632.51 Y 1/2RT NUC423.45 AF F 632.51 Y 423.45 D1 = 209.06 FCP LONAMS NUC F 1/2RT NUC411.15 Y 1/2RT NUC260.19 AF F 411.15 Y 260.19 D2 = 150.96 Y+D1+D2=.06+150.96=1983.62Mixed classThen choose LON as break point and adopt the result of way1. DAM RB CPH SK AMS KL LON M DAMCPH811.80BA VIE OS DAM M809.05P DAMCPH2.75D CPHLON M317.60NUC1941.20END(LON AS BREAK POINT)DAM CPH RB M AMS SK DAMCPH LON KL 811.80 VIE BA M DAM OS 809.05 ―― DAMCPH P 2.75 ―― CPH X AMS X M LON D 317.60是一个在线免费学习平台、通过收集整理大量专业知识，职业资料、考试资料,考试复习指导,试题资料等给大家分享;同时提供学习互动交流;更好的帮助大家学习。