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&&&大耳朵在线聊天window lock是什么意思
沪江词库精选window lock是什么意思、用法及解释、中英文句子翻译、英语短语。
window lock是什么意思： 窗键
同义词：，。
But the door was locked, and the window heavily barred with iron rods
但是门锁得很紧，窗子上都装着铁栏杆。
Illuminated power window control switches and ignition lock surround
电动窗按钮/激活钥匙孔照明
Some TVRs have power steering and conveniences such as central locking and powered windows.
一些特雷沃车型配有动力转向系统以及中央锁和电动窗之类的便利装置。
He assured himself that all the doors and windows were locked.
他确定所有门窗都上了锁。
Power door locks and windows with driver side one-touch up/down feature
电动门锁,电动窗+驾驶座自动上/下
a lock attached to the sashes of a double hung window that can fix both in the shut position
英语短语推荐
2015window lock是什么意思由沪江网提供。From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from )
The Tuamotu sandpiper (Prosobonia parvirostris) is an endangered member of the large
family , that is
in . It is sometimes placed in the
genus Aechmorhynchus. A native name, apparently in the , is kivi-kivi.
The 15.5–16.5 cm long Tuamotu sandpiper is a small, short-winged, mottled brown bird with more or less barred underparts. Its short sharp
is more like that of an
than a wader. There are two
which intergrade. Pale birds are medium brown above and white below, with light barring or spotting on the breast and whitish streaking on the head. The bold
and the chin are also white. The
are brown with white tips and white triangular markings on the outer webs. Dark phase birds replace medium with darker brown and white with light buff or
white. The flanks are brown, and the entire underparts are heavily barred that colour.
is brown, the beak is blackish and the legs and feet are dirty yello the toes are not webbed.
Females and males are alike, the former having a tendency to be slightly larger and paler on average.
The species has been recorded in modern times from the following , going northwest-southeast:
(Ofiti) in the ,
between Raeffsky and ,
in (or near) the Acteon Islands,
, south of the Acteon group, and
This bird lives on undisturbed
where it feeds in open areas, including the shores and beaches, it is more rarely found in
thickets. It takes
rubble and , also taking some vegetation.
The call is a soft, high whistle or piping, transcribed as meh by the .
It breeds at different times on different islands, generally between April and June. Nests are placed on the lagoon shore and consist of nothing more than a slight hollow in the shoreline coral and shell debris which is lined with grass stems or similar vegetable matter. The clutch is believed to be two eggs, which are white with purple and violet blotches, similar to a smaller version of the 's eggs. One two-egg clutch is in the
collection (specimen AMNH 5299).
The Tuamotu sandpiper is threatened by introduced
destruction caused by the spreading cultivation of , and is listed as . Although it had a much wider range historically (see also below), it now survives on a small number of rat-free islands, namely Anuanuraro, Tenararo, Morane and one other atoll. Birds will occur as non-breeding visitors on other islands nearby, particularly in the Acteon group.
status of "Endangered B1a+b (ii, iii, iv, v); Vulnerable C2a(i), D1" means that estimates indicate between 250 and 1000 mature birds occurring in less than six locations, with a declining trend. There are no
measures in place, although proposals are being suggested to protect the species. These include granting full protection to the remaining atolls where it breeds and preventing the further spread of rats.
Historically, the species occurred also on
(Christmas) Island in
(the ) and possibly others.
figured the bird as the "Barred " in his General Synopsis of Birds, based on a Kiritimati specimen collected on 's last voyage, probably on January 1 or 2, 1778. This was in the collection of
at Latham's time, but later became lost. During Cook's visit, the bird was observed by
and painted by William Ellis.
Latham's description was the basis for Gmelin's, which was valid according to . The Tuamotu birds only came to the attention of science during the , which collected five specimens in late August, 1839. These were described by
as species parvirostris based on perceived differences to Latham's description. The validity of t some considered it distinct, whereas in recent times the evidence is generally found too scant to consider both forms good species.
However, it is entirely likely that (given the non-migrant nature of the species) the populations, some 2000 miles separated from each other, would consititute separate . In this case, the Tuamotu subspecies would be called Prosobonia cancellata parvirostris, while the Kiribati population would be the , P. c. cancellata (Kiritimati sandpiper). The Kiritimati population is extinct since some time in the first half of the 19th century or possibly later due to introduced predators. These might have been
(Rattus rattus); as these were only temporarily present on Kiritimati and perhaps did not arrive until the 20th century, the
which started to overrun the island in the 19th century make more likely culprits.
Version 2013.2.
(BLI) (2007): . Retrieved 2008-FEB-24.
Blanvillain, C Florent, Chevallier & Thenot, Vincent (2002). "Land birds of Tuamotu Archipelago, Polynesia: relative abundance and changes during the 20th century with particular reference to the critically endangered Polynesian ground-dove (Gallicolumba erythroptera)". Biological Conservation 103 (2): 139. :.
Latham, John (1785): ["Barred Phalarope"]: In: A general synopsis of birds 3. London.
(1784): [Birds of Kiritimati]. In: A voyage to the Pacific Ocean, ... performed under the direction of Captains Cook, Clerke, and Gore, in His Majesty's Ships the Resolution and the Discovery, etc. 2: 188–189. London.
Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789): [Description of Prosobonia cancellata]. In:
per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (13th ed.) 1, part II: 675. Georg Emanuel Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig].
Townsend, Charles Haskins & Wetmore, Alexander (1919). . Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63: 151–225.
Zusi Richard L. & Jehl, Robert R. Jr.; Jehl (1970). .
87 (4): 760–780. :.
Teeb'aki in Scott, Derek A. (1993): . In: A Directory of Wetlands in Oceania: 199–228[]. , Slimbridge, U.K. and Asian Wetland Bureau, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors) (1996): 57. Tuamotu Sandpiper. In: , Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks:515, plate 43. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
Greenway, James C. (1967): Sandpipers of the Tuamotu Archipelago. In: Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World (2nd ed.): 260–263. Dover Publications, New York.
Hayman, P Marchant, John & Prater, Tony (1986): Shorebirds: an identification guide to the waders of the world. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
Lowe, Percy Roycroft (1927): "On the Anatomy and Systematic Position of AEchmorhynchus cancellatus (Gmelin), together with some Notes on the Genera Bartramia and M the Subfamily L and the Pterylosis of Scolopax.
69(1): 114–132 :.
Stresemann, Erwin (1950): Birds collected during Capt. James Cook's last expedition ().
67(1): 66–88.
: William Ellis' plate 64. Retrieved 11-SEP-2006.
: Hidden categories:皇棕榈火鸡的后脑勺儿，大犄角猫头鹰的耳朵眼儿 - 挊物经儿 -
巴巴变 papa's brain
皇棕榈火鸡的后脑勺儿，大犄角猫头鹰的耳朵眼儿
sphere technician
皇棕榈火鸡的后脑勺儿，大犄角猫头鹰的耳朵眼儿
一些很好听的火鸡名：七面鸟、吐绶鸡、标准青铜色火鸡（Standard Bronze）、纳拉更赛火鸡（Narragansett）、皇家棕榈火鸡（Royal Palm）、波旁红火鸡（Bourbon Red）、黑石板色火鸡（Black Slate）
今天看到的有皇棕榈火鸡，看点一是后脑勺儿，好像颅骨和脑膜完全透明，两个脑半球整个儿在脸的上方炸成了一朵血菜花儿，看点二是上喙上，软的，耷拉下来，像五彩缤纷的鼻涕，简单说，皇棕榈火鸡是一个孟获，或者孟获的参谋长，总之是一头插满羽毛的非洲象，看点三是它一直乍着毛儿，好像通了电，而不是着了火。
它叫起来，把我吓退了三步，我的天！
火鸡真是一个大炸弹。
今天看到的还有大雕鸮（great horn owl），猫头鹰作为一种虎头虎脑宜于勾引一般青年妇女群众的鸟儿，众所周知的看点很多，比如其颈椎，我只想说，有耳羽簇那一帮（比如大雕鸮、长耳鸮，短耳鸮），经常可以叫我想起，牛为什么有角又有耳，鸟为什么有冠又有嗉，还有人为什么要戴帽子。
哦，还有为什么它们叫猫头鹰，而不是无耳猫头鹰。
今天有一只金刚鹦鹉，像我期待的那样，侧着走树，一步一挪。
今天有一条大蛇，它没有脚，也没有肚脐眼儿，却还是像穿了高跟鞋，在走。
今天有一匹巨鹿，它有着母蟒一样漫长而优美的脊椎骨，碌碌地运缩着，角却是静止的，像一杆度量衡亟需统一的秤。
今天有一群巨鹿，它们在山林中俯首吃草，颈项与地面的角度全部相同，换句话说，同位角相等，脖颈全部平行，像是被恒定的风吹出来的一样，那么整齐。
今天有一个人，脸上有一颗巨大的痦子，他站在一个椅子上，用巨大的音量，学小鸟叫，就像大象，也能吹口琴。
今天开了一百英里，为了这些鸟，及这些其它。
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长耳鸮别名长耳猫头鹰、夜猫子，属于鸱鸮科，学名为Asiootus。中型猛禽，体羽棕黄色，上体密布黑褐色粗羽干纹和虫蠹状细斑。嘴铅褐色，先端黑色。爪黑色。栖息于山地森林或平原树林中。主要以鼠类和昆虫为食。对于控制鼠害有积极作用，应大力保护。属于国家二级保护动物。
目录[隐藏]
& & 基本信息
& & 分布地域
& & 外形特征
& & 食物特征
& & 生存习性
& & 繁殖与保护
& & 相关报道
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　　中文名:　长耳鸮 ，学名Asio otus，又名长耳木兔、有耳麦猫王、虎鵵、彪木兔、夜猫子、猫头鹰、肖尔腾－伊巴拉格。
　　拉丁文名:　Asio　otus
　　界： 动物界 Animalia
　　门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
　　纲： 鸟纲 Aves
　　目： 鸮形目 Strigiformes
　　科： 鸱鸮科 Strigidae
　　属： 耳鸮属 Asio
　　种： 长耳鸮 A. otus
　　鸮形目(Strigiformes)鸱鴞科(Strigidae)夜间活动的猛禽，学名为Asio otus。常见於北欧和美洲的森林区。有长耳羽。上体淡褐色，具斑点和条纹，下体白色具暗色条纹。体长约30公分(约1呎)。以小鼠、鸟、鱼、蛙和昆虫为食。
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　　长耳鸮常见于全北界，分布于整个欧亚大陆的北部、库页岛、日本列岛、伊朗、土耳其、印度西北部；非洲北部、北美洲的加拿大和美国北部；中国全境可见。
　　长耳鸮广泛分布于北半球北部的大陆上，在国外分布于欧洲、朝鲜、俄罗斯、日本、亚洲中部、印度西北部、非洲北部和西北部以及北美洲等地，生活在我国的长耳鸮除了在青海西宁、新疆喀什和天山等少数地区为留鸟外，在其他大部分地区均为候鸟，其中在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古东部、河北东北部等地为夏候鸟，而从河北、北京往南，直到西藏、广东，以及东南沿海各省等地均为冬候鸟。但是它们的迁徙行为不同于其他物候现象稳定的候鸟，而受食物因素的影响较大，例如在东北的沈阳也曾记录到越冬的长耳鸮群体，而其他越冬地的长耳鸮栖居的时间和地点并不十分稳定。此外，食物还影响着长耳鸮的繁殖成功率和它们的种群数量。
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　　长耳鸮是中等体形的鸮类，体长约35－40厘米。与其他大多数鸮类一样，长耳鸮的颜色也是非常暗哑的褐色和黑色，上体以棕褐色为基色具黑色棕斑，下体色较浅，以黄褐色为基色，具较细弱的黑色纵斑；双足被羽，直至足趾；长耳鸮的辨识特征主要集中在面部，耳鸮属鸟类的面盘大多非常明显。所谓面盘是鸮类面部一圈特殊的羽毛，非常紧密地排布在一起成一个平面，形成貌似猫脸的结构。在头部两侧的是长耳鸮非常大的耳孔，隐藏在耳羽之下。有趣的是，鸮类的两个耳孔不仅形状大小不同，连高度也各不相
同，这对产生立体听觉，并依靠这种听力定位、捕食有非常重要的作用；在长耳鸮的面盘上，双眼之间的羽毛白色，形成一个大大的白色“X”这是其他鸮类所不具有的；本物种头顶有两簇黑黄相间的耳状羽，耳状羽很长，高高的树立在头顶非常显眼，但是必须指出的是这两簇耳状羽和耳朵没有任何关系，只是因为他们高高地树立在头顶，看起来很像哺乳动物的耳朵人们才习惯称它们为耳羽，而真正的耳羽是掩盖耳孔的羽毛。虹膜为橙黄色；喙角质灰色；脚粉黄色。长耳鸮在栖止状态时，身体树立，基本与地面垂直，这是区别本物种与近似的短耳鸮的一个重要特征，后者几乎是以平行于地面的姿态扒在树干上的。
　　它的头特别大，在棕黄色圆圆的像人脸一样的面颊上，有一对极大而向前直视的眼睛，眼睛的虹膜有浅黄色或桔黄色的绚烂光彩。头的上方，有两束能活动的耳羽簇，竖直如耳，更增加了脸部轮廓的变化。其实这对耳羽簇并没有听觉的作用，而是一个传递信号的器官，可以向自己的同类起报警的作用。另外这对耳羽簇还是有伪装作用的装饰品，在林中如同树叶一般，使其在林中栖息时不为其他动物所发现。它的尖锐而呈钩状的暗铅色利嘴，深埋在面颊上的羽毛之中，而突出羽毛外的部分，则很像人脸上的鼻子。颈部有完整的皱翎，白色并缀有黑褐色。上体的羽毛为棕黄色，密杂以粗著的黑褐色羽干纹，颏部白色，下体都是棕白色并具有粗著的黑褐色羽干纹，腹部以下的羽干纹两侧还具有树枝状的横枝。腿和脚上都密被有棕黄色的羽毛，一双杀气腾腾的暗铅色利爪，藏于其中，尖端为黑色。外侧的脚趾可以随时转到后方，使脚趾变成两前两后，便于抓牢树干，称为“转趾型”。
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　　所有的鸮形目鸟类均为典型的肉食性鸟类，长耳鸮的食物以各种鼠类为主，还包括小型鸟类，通过分析他们的唾余，人们发现长耳鸮的食谱以黑线姬鼠为主，还包括小麝鼩、小家鼠、褐家鼠等啮齿类，蝙蝠、棕头鸦雀、麻雀、燕雀等小型鸟兽。笔者在分析栖息于北京天坛公园内长耳鸮的唾余时甚至发现了灰喜鹊的残肢，说明长耳鸮有可能捕猎体形较大的鸟类，或有食腐行为。
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　　长耳鸮喜欢栖息于针叶林、针阔混交林和阔叶林等各种类型的森林中，也出现于林缘疏林、农田防护
林和城市公园的林地中。它白天多躲藏在树林中，常垂直地栖息在树干近旁侧枝上或林中空地上草丛中，黄昏和夜晚才开始活动。单独或成对活动较多，但迁徙期间和冬季则常结成10—20只，有时甚至多达100只以上的大群。
　　长耳鸮喜栖息在阔叶或针叶乔木的高枝上，而且他们的栖息地往往非常精确地固定，甚至固定到某一树枝，以至于在他们的固定居索的垂直下方遍布他们或拉或吐的排泄物，常常污秽不堪，成为搜寻他们的线索。
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繁殖与保护
　　它的繁殖期为4—6月，这时特别喜欢鸣叫。因为大多在夜间进行求偶炫耀，所以方式也比较简单，只能做一些近距离的表演，如鞠躬、拍打翅膀，以及互相亲吻，整理羽毛等，有时还鼓动着翅膀，嘴里发出一种奇异的噼啪声，并且轮番地倒换着双脚。营巢于森林之中，通常利用乌鸦、喜鹊或其他猛禽的旧巢，有时也在树洞中营巢。每窝产卵3—8枚，通常为4—6枚。卵为白色，卵圆形。孵卵过程全部由雌鸟承担，孵化期为27—28天。它的雏鸟是晚成性的，孵出45—50天后离巢。
　　CITES濒危等级：附录II 生效年代：1997年
　　中国国家重点保护等级：二级 生效年代：1989年 [1]
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　　东海发现二十余只长耳鸮
　　（日 人民网）近日，在江苏东海县的一片水杉林中栖息着23只国家二级保护动物长耳鸮。白天它们一直在20余米高的水杉树上休息，晚上便四处捕食。
　　长耳鸮又名长耳木兔、长耳猫头鹰等，栖息于山地各类森林间，也出现于树边、田旁的林地和乔木林中。长耳鸮以鼠类为主食，也吃小型鸟类和兽类，属益鸟，分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北等地，在江苏地区鲜有发现。如此多的长耳鸮聚集苏北还是第一次发现。
　　数名摩的司机救起受伤长耳鸮
　　（ 海南特区报）前晚６时许，一只未成年的长耳鸮从天而降，跌至正在海口府城载客的三轮摩的司机黄先生附近。黄先生和几名摩的司机一起，将该只国家二级保护动物的长耳鸮救起。目前这只受伤长耳鸮状况良好。
　　前晚６时许，正在府城鼓楼街附近载客的三轮摩的司机黄先生只听到“砰”的一声，不知道是什么东西从天而降，跌至他的摩托车附近。黄先生走近一看，原来是一只奇怪的小鸟，拾起时发现其受了点轻伤。由于不认识是什么鸟，黄先生赶紧问附近的摩的司机。七八名摩的司机顿时围了上来，并纷纷掏出手机拨打各媒体热线电话，询问救助小鸟的办法。
　　一个小时后，在媒体记者的帮助下，七八名摩的司机终于联系上了民间小动物保护人士李先生。李先生将该只小鸟带走治疗和喂养。据李先生介绍，几名摩的司机救起的是一只长耳鸮，别名长耳猫头鹰、属于鸱鸮科，中型猛禽，对控制鼠害有积极作用，系国家二级保护动物。
Great Horned Owl
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Great Horned Owl
Coastal Great Horned Owl, B. v. saturatus
Reifel Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Delta, British Columbia (Canada)
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: & & & & Animalia
Phylum: & & & & Chordata
Class: & & & & Aves
Order: & & & & Strigiformes
Family: & & & & Strigidae
Genus: & & & & Bubo
Species: & & & & B. virginianus
Subspecies
About one dozen, see text
Strix virginiana Gmelin, 1788
and see text
The Great Horned Owl, Bubo virginianus, also known as the Tiger Owl, is a large owl native to the Americas. It is an adaptable bird with a vast range and is the most widely distributed true owl in the Americas.
The Magellanic Horned Owl (B. magellanicus) of the southern South America (extending north to the central Andes) is frequently included as a subspecies of this species too.
& & * 1 Description
& && && & o 1.1 Subspecies
& & * 2 Distribution and ecology
& && && & o 2.1 Food and feeding behavior
& && && & o 2.2 Reproduction
& & * 3 Provincial Bird
& & * 4 Footnotes
& & * 5 References
& & * 6 External links
[edit] Description
Individual Great Horned Owls range in length from 18-27 in (46–68 cm) and have a wingspan of 40-60.5 in (101–153 cm); Females are larger than males, an average adult being 22 in (55 cm) long with a 49 in (124 cm) wingspan and weighing about 3.1 lbs (1400 g). Bergmann's Rule generally holds: larger individuals are found toward Polar regions, smaller toward the Equator.
Great Horned Owl, Located in south Manitoba (B. v. virginianus) in Canada
Adults have large ear tufts, a reddish, brown or gray face and a white patch on the throat. The iris is yellow, except the amber-eyed South American Great Horned Owl (B. V. nacurutu). Its &horns& are neither ears nor horns, simply tufts of feathers. The underparts are ligh the upper parts are mottled brown. The legs and feet are covered in feathers up to the talons. There are individual and regional birds from the sub-Arctic are a washed-out, light-buff color, while those from Central America can be a dark chocolate brown.
Their call is a low-pitched but loud ho-ho- sometimes it is only four syllables instead of five. The female's call is higher and rises in pitch at the end of the call. Young owls make hissing or screeching sounds that are often confused with the calls of Barn Owls.
Great Horned Owls can be easily confused with the Magellanic Horned Owl (B. magellanicus) and other eagle-owls. They are all generally allopatric though.
[edit] Subspecies
A large number of subspecies have been named. As indicated above, many of these are only examples of individual or clinal variation. Subspecies differences are mainly in color and size and generally follow Gloger's and Bergmann's Rules:[1]
& & * Common Great Horned Owl, B. v. virginianus (Gmelin, 1788) – USA eastwards from Minnesota to E T northeastwards to Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, Canada. Resident all-year.
& & A brown form, tinged rufous and barred distinctly blackish-brown below. Feet tawny to buff, often barred black.
Face of a Common Great Horned Owl (B. v. virginianus) in North Carolina
South American Great Horned Owl, B. v. nacurutu (note dark eyes)
Californian Great Horned Owl (B. v. pacificus) stretching itself, Bernal Hill Park, San Francisco
& & * South American Great Horned Owl, B. v. nacurutu (Vieillot, 1817) – A lowland form occurring in disjunct populations from E Colombia to the G also from Bolivia and Brazil south of the Amazonas basin to N A resident all-year. Includes the proposed subspecies scotinus, elutus, and deserti[2]. The status of this form, especially the relationships between the subpopulations and with ssp. nigrescens and the Magellanic Horned Owl, deserves more study.
& & Dull bro birds from the semiarid interior of Brazil often have much white on uppertail- and ear-coverts. It is the only subspecies where the iris is amber, not yellow.
& & * Northern Great Horned Owl, B. v. subarcticus Hoy, 1852 – Breeding range from Mackenzie, British Columbia region E to Hudson B southern limit unclear but at least reaches to Montana and North Dakota. Non-breeding birds are regularly found south to latitude 45°S, occasionally beyond. Includes the birds described as occidentalis (but see below), and sclariventris[3]. The older name wapacuthu was occasionally used for this subspecies, but it cannot with certainty be assigned to a recognizable taxon and is thus considered a nomen dubium. The population described as algistus is probably based on wandering individuals and/or intergrades of subarcticus, saturatus and lagophonus.[2]
& & A pale form, essentially whitish with fa black underside barring variable from indistinct to pronounced. Very pale birds are similar to a young female Snowy Owl from a distance. Feet whitish to buff, with little or no pattern.
& & * Californian Great Horned Owl, B. v. pacificus Cassin, 1854 – Central and southern California west of the Sierra Nevada except San Joaquin Valley, south to NW Baja California, Mexico. Intergrades with pallescens in San Diego County, California (see also below). Resident all-year.
& & Very rich brown, dark underside barring distinct but less pronounced than in saturatus. Humeral area black. Feet mottled dark.
& & * Coastal Great Horned Owl, B. v. saturatus Ridgway, 1877 – Pacific coast from SE Alaska to N California. Resident all-year.
& & A dark, dull and somewhat greyish form with heavily barred underside. Feet fairly dusky overall.
& & * North Andean Great Horned Owl, B. v. nigrescens Berlepsch, 1884 – A arid temperate and puna zones from Colombia to NW Peru. Resident all-year round.
& & A dark, cold gray-brown form with heavy fuscous blotching.
& & * Desert Great Horned Owl, B. v. pallescens Stone, 1897 – San Joaquin Valley southeastwards through arid regions of SE California and S Utah eastwards to W Kansas and southwards to Guerrero and W Veracruz in M intergrades with pacificus in San Diego C vagrant individuals of lagophonus and the Rocky Mountains population, which look similar to intergrades, also seem to occur in its range. Resident all-year.
& & A small, pale dusky buff form with indistinct barring, especially on the underside. Humeral area umber. Feet white and usually unmarked.
& & * Yucatán Great Horned Owl, B. v. mayensis (Nelson, 1901) – Yucatán Peninsula. Resident all-year.
& & A small and medium pale form.
& & * Baja California Great Horned Owl, B. v. elachistus Brewster, 1902 – S Baja California, Mexico. Resident all-year.
& & Similar in color to pacificus, but considerably (5-10%) some overlap though.
& & * Northeastern Great Horned Owl, B. v. heterocnemis (Oberholser, 1904) – Breeds in E Canada (N Quebec, Labrador, Newfoundland). In winter, disperses southwards to Ontario to NE USA. Doubtfully distinct from saturatus[verification needed][2].
& & A fairly dark and grey, heavily barred form. Feet pale with dusky mottling.
& & * Northwestern Great Horned Owl, B. v. lagophonus (Oberholser, 1904) – Breeds from inland Alaska south through mountaineous areas of British Columbia to MA Oregon, the Snake River, and NW Montana. Reported in winter as far south as Colorado and Texas. Doubtfully distinct from saturatus[2].
& & Greyer than saturatus, but similar overall. Feet with dusky barring.
& & * Central American Great Horned Owl, B. v. mesembrinus (Oberholser, 1904) – Isthmus of Tehuantepec to W Panama. Resident all-year.
& & A mid- darker than mayensis.
& & * Rocky Mountains Great Horned Owl, B. v. ssp. nov.? – The Rocky Mountains population may constitute an as yet undescribed subspecies. It breeds south of the Snake River south to Arizona, New Mexico, and the Guadalupe Mountains. Westwards, it is presumed to occur to the Modoc Plateau and Mono Lake. The name occidentalis may apply to these birds pending analysis
certainly, they were included in the presumed subspecies named thus, but intergradation between pallescens and lagophonus and altitudinal migration of Rocky Mountain birds is not sufficiently researched yet[2].
& & A medium gray form, intermediate between lagophonus and pallescens. Moderately barred and tinged buff on the underside. Feet mottled.
The Pleistocene Sinclair Owl from California, Bubo sinclairi, may have been be a paleosubspecies of this species.[4]
[edit] Distribution and ecology
Bubo virginianus.ogg
Play video
Video of a Great Horned Owl at Disney's Animal Kingdom
The breeding habitat of the Great Horned Owl extends from subarctic North America through much of Central America and South America south to Tierra del Fuego. They are absent from southern Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua to Panama in Central, and Amazonia and the southwest in South America, as well as from the West Indies and indeed most off-shore islands.[5]
Within their habitat they can take up residence in trees that include deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forests, tropical rainforests, pampas, prairie, mountainous areas, deserts, subarctic tundra, rocky coasts, mangrove swamp forests, and some urban areas. It is less common in the more extreme areas (i.e. the heart of the deserts, extremely dense rainforests and in mountainous regions), generally absent from non-tidal wetland habitat[6], and missing from the high Arctic tundra. All mated Great Horned Owls are permanent residents of their territories, but unmated and younger birds move freely in search of company and a territory, and leave regions with little food in winter.
Great Horned Owl eggs, nestlings and fledgings may be preyed on by foxes, coyotes, or wild or feral cats. There are almost no predators of adults, but they may be killed in confrontations with eagles, Snowy Owls and, mostly, other Great Horned Owls. Far-ranging as it is, it is not considered a globally threatened species by the IUCN[7]
[edit] Food and feeding behavior
Composite photo of Great Horned Owl flight phases
Owls have spectacular binocular vision allowing them to pinpoint prey and see in low light. The eyes of Great Horned Owls are nearly as large as those of humans and are immobile within their circular bone sockets. Instead of turning their eyes, they turn their heads. Therefore, their neck must be able to turn a full 270 degrees in order to see in other directions without moving its entire body.
An owl's hearing is as good – if not better – they have better depth perception[citation needed] and better perception of sound elevation (up-down direction) than humans. This is due to owl ears not being placed in the same position on either side of their head: the right ear is typically set higher in the skull and at a slightly different angle. By tilting or turning its head until the sound is the same in each ear, an owl can pinpoint both the horizontal and vertical direction of a sound.
Closeup of a Great Horned Owl toe and talon
These birds hunt at night by waiting on a high perch and swooping down on prey. Prey is varied. Predominantly small to medium-sized mammals such as hares, rabbits, raccoons, rats, squirrels, mice, moles, voles, marmots, cats, shrews, bats, armadillos, weasels and gerbils. It is even a natural predator of porcupines and skunks (like most birds it has poor sense of smell). Birds also comprise a large portion of a Great Horned Owl's diet, ranging in size from kinglets to Great Blue Herons. Waterbirds, especially coots and ducks, even raptors, up to the size of Snowy Owls, are sometimes taken. But reptiles, amphibians, fish, crustaceans and even insects only count for occasional prey. Cannibalism has been recorded.
These birds also have 500 pounds per square inch of crushing power in their talons. An average adult human male has about 60 pounds per square inch in his hands.[citation needed] In northern regions, where larger prey that cannot be eaten quickly are most prevalent, they may let uneaten food freeze and then thaw it out later using their own body heat. They also tend to eat and regurgitate food in the same locations.
[edit] Reproduction
Nestlings of the enigmatic Rocky Mountains population in New Mexico
Juveniles near Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon, USA
Great Horned Owls are some of the earliest-breeding birds in North America. They breed in late January or early February and are often heard calling to each other in the fall, starting in October. They choose a mate by December and are often heard duetting before this time. For owls found in more tropical climates, the dates of the breeding season are somewhat undefined. They often take over a nest used by some other large bird, sometimes adding feathers to line the nest but usually not much more. Old crow and raven (Corvus), Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) or large squirrel nests are often favored in North America. However, they are far from dependent on the old nests of others and may use cavities in trees and snags, cliffs, deserted buildings, and artificial platforms.
There are usually 2 eggs per clutch, with a clutch ranging in size from 1 to 5 eggs (5 is very rare). The average egg width is 1.8 in (46.5 mm), the average length is 2.2 in (55.2 mm) and the average weight is 1.8 oz (51 g). The incubation period ranges from 30 to 37 days, averaging 33 days. Brooding is almost continuous until the offspring are about 2 weeks old, after which it decreases. Young owls move onto nearby branches at 6 weeks and start to fly about a week later. The offspring have still been seen begging for food in late October (5 months after leaving the nest) and most do not separate from their parents until right before they start to reproduce for the next clutch (usually December). Birds may not breed for another year or two, and are often vagrants (&floaters&) until they mate, establish their own territories, and settle down.
[edit] Provincial Bird
The Great Horned Owl is the provincial bird of Alberta.
[edit] Footnotes
& &1. ^ Houston et al. (1998), Holt et al. (1999)
& &2. ^ a b c d e Holt et al. (1999)
& &3. ^ Dickerman (2004)
& &4. ^ Howard (1947)
& &5. ^ Holt et al. (1999), Banks et al. (2000)
& &6. ^ Accordi & Barcellos (2006)
& &7. ^ BLI (2008)
[edit] References
& & * Accordi, Iury Almeida & Barcellos, André (2006): Composi??o da avifauna em oito áreas úmidas da Bacia Hidrográfica do Lago Guaíba, Rio Grande do Sul [Bird composition and conservation in eight wetlands of the hidrographic basin of Guaíba lake, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 14(2): 101-115 [Portuguese with English abstract]. PDf fulltext
& & * Banks, R.C.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J.L.; Kratter, A.W.; Ouellet, H.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Rising, J.A. & Stotz, D.F. (2000): Forty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. Auk 117(3): 847–858. DOI: 10.38(7:FSSTTA]2.0.CO;2 PDF fulltext
& & * BirdLife International (BLI) (2008). Bubo virginianus. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 18 November 2008.
& & * Dickerman, Robert W. (2004): Notes on the type of Bubo virginianus sclariventris. Bull. B.O.C. 124(1): 5-6. PDF fulltext
& & * Holt, Denver W.; Berkley, R Deppe, C Enríquez Rocha, Paula L.; Olsen, Penny D.; Petersen, Julie L.; Rangel Salazar, José L Segars, Kelley P. & Wood, Kristin L. (1999): 69. Great Horned Owl. In: del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (eds): Handbook of Birds of the World (Volume 5: Barn-owls to Hummingbirds): 185, plate 10. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-
& & * Howard, Hildegarde (1947): A preliminary survey of trends in avian evolution from Pleistocene to recent time. Condor 49(1): 10-13. DjVu fulltext PDF fulltext
& & * Houston, C. S., Smith, D. G. & Rohner, C. (1998): Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus). In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.): Birds of North America 372. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA & American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. Online version, retrieved 2006-DEC-05. doi:10.2173/bna.372 (HTML preview)
& & * character sketches vol.1 1981
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[ 本帖最后由 mfer 于
09:57 编辑 ]
反宠物，反旅行，反摄影，反肉，反花，反辣，反“而”，反咖啡，反甜食，反日漫，反星座，反party，反手机，反说话
爱挊物，想北平，自绝于人民
火鸡下巴上像是长了一串儿的瘤子
sphere technician
主要还是上喙上的wattle
喉瘤囊，很多鸟都有的。
反宠物，反旅行，反摄影，反肉，反花，反辣，反“而”，反咖啡，反甜食，反日漫，反星座，反party，反手机，反说话
爱挊物，想北平，自绝于人民
这猫头鹰的表情太sexy了，我要嫁给他
sphere technician
青年妇女同志
争当三八哲学红旗手
反宠物，反旅行，反摄影，反肉，反花，反辣，反“而”，反咖啡，反甜食，反日漫，反星座，反party，反手机，反说话
爱挊物，想北平，自绝于人民
他那天然犹豫的皱眉态深深地吸引了我这种一般妇女群众，想你这样只喜欢各种鸡的道长是理解不了的！
sphere technician
嚯，真够横的！
左派青年妇女同志就是有范儿
乖乖就个范儿
[ 本帖最后由 mfer 于
23:46 编辑 ]
反宠物，反旅行，反摄影，反肉，反花，反辣，反“而”，反咖啡，反甜食，反日漫，反星座，反party，反手机，反说话
爱挊物，想北平，自绝于人民