what_he_(mead)用所给用单词的适当形式填空空

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>>>用所给词的适当形式填空。1.What are the _______ (different) ..
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.&What are the _______ (different) between Picture A and Picture B?2. You must eat&&_______ (little) meat, more vegetables.3.&—What's your favorite exercise?&&& —_______&&(swim) .4.&&He goes to see his grandparents&_______ (one) a month.
题型:填空题难度:中档来源:同步题
1. differences 2. less 3. Swimming 4. once
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“用所给词的适当形式填空。1.What are the _______ (different) ..”主要考查你对&&可数名词(单数名词,复数名词),形容词的比较级,形容词的最高级,频度副词,动名词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
可数名词(单数名词,复数名词)形容词的比较级,形容词的最高级频度副词动名词
可数名词:是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式,当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式。 名词单数变复数的规则:
巧记以f\fe结尾的可数名词复数妻子骑牛拿起刀,wife,calf,knife ↑追得贼狼满街跑,thief,wolf →→→变f或fe为v,再加es碰倒架子丧己命,shelf,self,life ↓手帕树叶半空飘。handkerchief,leaf,half ↓名词复数的不规则变化:1.不规则形式:child→children(儿童)man→men(男人)woman→women (女人)an Englishman→two Englishmen(英国人)foot→feet(脚)tooth→teeth(牙)mouse→mice(老鼠)ox →oxen(公牛)goose→geese(鹅)2.单复同形:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese, species,means,Swiss除人民币,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, a meter,twometers3.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数:people police cattle是复数(OK :a person,a policeman,ahead of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss )(Error:a people,a police,a cattle )表示国民总称时,作复数用。(The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。)4.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。news是不可数名词。5.表示由两部分构成的东西,glasses(眼镜) trousers (长裤) clothes(衣服)若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双)a pair of glasses& two pairs of trousers suit(套)6.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思goods (货物) waters (水域) fishes (各种鱼)可数名词变复数的几种形式:&1) 单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.  &2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.   3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.    4) 以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs,proofs, chiefs. &5) 以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.&&其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.    6) 不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, mouse→mice. 7) 单复数同形的名词:sheep,fish,dee. 注意:fish表示种类时,也用fishes这样的形式。 形容词的比较级:当两种物体之间相互比较时,我们要用形容词或副词的比较级;当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时,我们就要用形容词或副词的最高级。形容词的比较级和最高级的特殊变化规则:一、少数单音节词前面加 more-, most- 构成比较级和最高级tired ---- more tired , most tired fond ----- more fond , most fondglad ----- more glad , most glad bored ---- more bored , most boredpleased---- more pleased , most pleased
二、不规则变化good /well------- better ,bestbad/badly/ill------ worse , worst many/much-------more , most little ------ less , least far ---- farther, farthes / firther , furthestold ---- older , oldest (GA)&&& ---- older , oldest / elder , eldest (GB)
三、下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式cruel----- crueler,& cruelest /more cruel , most cruel strict---- stricter , strictest /more strict , most strict often----- oftener , oftenest /&more often , most often friendly------ friendlier , friendliest /&more friendly , most friendlyclever----- cleverer, cleverest /& more clever , most clever
四、下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高(即表示”最高程度”或”绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级)empty , wrong , perfect , unique , extreme , excellent , favourite (GB)/ favorite (GA) , true , right , correct , extremely ...形容词的比较级和最高级用法:形容词比较等级用法:&1.没有比较对象时,用原级。&I have a new computer.&2.两者比较,程度相同。&A+系动词+as+adj.+as+B.&Our school is as beautiful as theirs.&3.两者比较,程度不同。&A+系动词+not as+adj.+as+B.&The weather here is not as hot as that in the south.&4.A比B更…&The earth is bigger than the moon.&5.比较级前可以用much,even,still,far,a lot,a little,a bit,any等修饰。&Your room is much bigger than mine.&I’m a little shorter than her.&6.用比较级可以表示最高级含义:&John is stronger than any other boy in his class.=John is stronger than any of the other boys.&两者不属于同一范畴,不能用other.&Chongqing is bigger than any city in Sichuang.&7.“比较级+and+比较级”&& 表示“越来越…”&China is becoming more and more beautiful.&Days are getting longer and longer.&8.用the+比较级,the+比较级& 表示”越…就越…”.&The busier he is, the happier he feels.&9. Which/Who+is+比较级&&&& A或B?&A和B哪一个/谁更…?&Which is better,this one or that one?&最高级用法:&表示三者或三者以上的人或物的比较,一个在某方面超过其他两个或多个时,用最高级,结构是&主语+系动词+the+形容词最高级+of/in短语。&This story is the most interesting of the three.&1. one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数&它的意思是最…之一。&English is one of the most important languages in the world.&2. which/who…+is+形容词最高级&“…最...”&Which is the heaviest,the horse,the sheep or the elephant?3.最高级前可以用序数词&The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.形容词的比较级和最高级的变化规则:
一般加er,est
以字母e结尾只加 r,st
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写这一辅音字母后再加er,est
以辅音字母+y结尾的词,将y变为i再加er,est
其他双音节词和多 音节词,在词前 加more或most
&interesting
more interesting&
most interesting&频度副词:是表示动作发生频率的词。常见的有:ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually,continually, always 等。 例如:He often came to see us. &&&&&&&&&&& She always was late. 常见程度副词用法列举:◆always 频率最高,表示动作重复、状态继续,表示“一直、总是”,其反义词为never。always等与not连用时,表示部分否定。如:The rich are not always happy. 有钱的人并不总是快乐的。如果要变为否定句,应将always改为never才能全部否定。如:Li Ping is always late for school. 李平上学总是迟到。Li Ping is never late for school. 李平上学从不迟到。(全部否定)Li Ping is not always late for school. 李平上学不总是迟到。(部分否定)频度副词通常和一般现在时连用,表示动作发生的频率。但always与进行时连用时,并不强调动作正在进行,而是表示赞叹、厌烦等情绪。如:He is always thinking of others. 他总是想着别人。(赞叹)She is always asking silly questions. 她总是问些愚蠢的问题。(厌烦)The boy is always asking for money. 这个小男孩总是要钱。(厌烦)◆usually意为“通常”,表示习惯性动作或状态,很少有例外。如:We usually go to school at seven in the morning. 我们通常在早上七点上学。My mother and I usually go shopping on Sundays. 我和妈妈通常在星期天去买东西。◆Often意为“经常,时常”,表示反复性的动作或状态,中间有间断,不如usually那么频繁。其反义词是seldom。often在句尾时常被very或quite修饰。如:It often rains here in April. 这儿四月份常下雨。he boys often eat noodles and the girls sometimes eat them. 男生经常吃面条,女生有时吃。I often chat with my friends under the big tree. 我经常在这棵大树下和朋友聊天。He writes to his friends quite often. 他常给他的朋友写信。◆sometimes意为“有时”,频率不及often,表示动作偶尔发生,间断时间较长。其位置比较灵活,放在句首、句中、句末都可。如:Sometimes we go to the cinema and at other times we go for a walk.有时我们去看电影,有时我们去散步。I sometimes watch TV in the evening. 我有时晚上看电视。My father has lunch in the factory sometimes. 我父亲有时在工厂吃午饭。◆seldom意为“很少”;never意为“从不”。这两个副词表示否定意义,动作几乎不会发生。如:He seldom eats breakfast. 他很少吃早餐。The little girl seldom goes out. 这个小女孩很少外出。I will never forget your kindness. 我永远忘不了你的好意。The boys never eat chocolate and the girls seldom eat it. 男生从不吃巧克力,女生很少吃。Btter late than never. [谚语] 迟到(迟做)总比不来(不做)好。◆hardly具有否定意义,表示“几乎不、简直不”,除非特殊情况,否则不会发生。如:The boy is so young that he could hardly understand it. 这个孩子太小了,不可能懂得这件事。◆对上述频度副词提问时,用how often。如:I write to my brother sometimes.→How often do you write to your brother?频度副词在句中不同位置的用法比较:一、频度副词在否定句中的用法在否定句中,有的频度副词位于否定词之前或之后均可,而有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后,而还有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词。大致情况如下:1. 频度副词usually和often可位于否定词not之前或之后。他们不常开这样的晚会。正:They don’t often hold such parties.正:They often don’t hold such parties.星期日我们一般不在9点以前起床。正:We don’t usually get up before nine on Sundays.正:We usually don’t get up before nine on Sundays.在否定句中,频度副词用于句中或句首,有时但会导致意思不同。He doesn’t usually sleep for two days at a time. 他很少一连睡两天。Usually he doesn’t sleep for two days at a time. 他连续两天不睡觉是常事。2. 频度副词always总是位于否定词之后,不可位于否定句之前。Things are not always what they seem to be. 外表往往是靠不住的。Silence must not always be read as consent. 沉默并不见得一定意味着同意。3. 频度副词sometimes总是位于否定词之前,不可位于否定词之后。Jim is sometimes not very punctual. 吉姆有时不太准时。Debbie is sometimes not responsible for what she does. 黛比有时对她所做的事不负责任。二、频度副词位于句末的用法1.sometimes常可用于句末。 如:We all get into trouble sometimes. 我们有时都会遇到麻烦。You can’t work all the time,it does you good to go out and enjoy yourself sometimes.你不能总是工作,有时出去放松一下会对你有好处。2. often有时可置于句末,但通常会带有very, quite, fairly, more, so等修饰语。如:We’ve been there quite often. 经常去那里。When I was young, I used to play tennis very often. 我年轻时经常打网球。Diana used to travel a lot. These days she doesn’t go away so often.娜过去经常旅游。最近她不常出门了。We're not exactly on intimate terms, but we see each other fairly often.虽算不上关系密切,但还常见面。注:有时也可不带修饰语,但主要见于否定句或疑问句。 如:He writes to me often. 他经常给我写信。Do you come here often? 你常来这儿吗?I don’t come here often. 我不常来这儿。3. usually有时也用于句末,其前不用修饰语。I’m not late, usually. 我通常不迟到。I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。4.seldom 一般不用于句末,除非其前带有only,very等修饰。We go out very seldom. 我们绝少外出。I play basketball very seldom indeed. 我很少打篮球。5. always一般不用于句末,偶尔用于句末,此时它不表法“总是”,而表示“永远”。I’ll love you always. 我将永远爱你。另外,有时用于句末是因为句子有所省略的缘故。Generally they walked together on Sunday, but not always.他们一般在星期日一起散步,但并不总是如此。句中的but not always=but they didn’t always walk together on Sunday。三、频度副词位于句首的用法1. sometimes常可用于句首。Sometimes she comes late. 有时她来得晚。Sometimes she didn’t agree with me. 有时她和我意见不一致。Sometimes we get a lot of rain in August. 有时在8月份雨水很大。2. often用于句首时,通常表示强调,且其前一般有quite, very修饰。Very often he comes in late. 他常常迟到。Quite often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。3.usually有时也用于句首,其前不用修饰语。Usually I get up early. 我平时起得早。Sometimes he comes by bus, but usually he comes by taxi.有时他坐公共汽车来,不过他通常还是打的来。Usually cooking pots have two small handles but pans have one long handle.通常地深底煮锅有两只把手而平底锅只有一个长长的把手。4.always一般不用于句首,除非是用在祈使句中。Always remember this. 请时刻记住这一点。Always look in the mirror before starting to drive. 一定要先看看反光镜再开车。另外,never也可用于祈使句的句首。Never tell him the news. 千万不要告诉他这消息。Never ask her about her marriage. 决不要问她结婚的事。5.在正式文体中,表示否定意义的副词seldom, never可位于句首,但此时其后要用倒装语序。Seldom has there been such a happy meeting. 过去很少有过这样愉快的会议。Never did he think the book would be finished so soon. 他可没想到这本书会这么快看完另外,once a year (每年一次), twice a week (每周两次), three times a day (一天三次), every Saturday afternoon(每星期六下午)等,这些时间状语也表示频率,它们可以和频度副词用在同一个句子中,表达上没有重复。如:We usually go to the cinema four times a month. 我们通常一个月看四次电影。频度副词的用法:&频度副词是副词的一种,在初中阶段常用的有四个,即always, usually,often,sometimes。它们的用法如下: 一、频度副词在句中的位置。1.频度副词在句中习惯上位于be动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。如:&She is often late for school.她上学经常迟到。He usually goes to bed at about 12.他通常(午夜)十二点钟睡觉。When do you usually get up in the morning?早上你通常什么时候起床?2.sometimes是个特殊的频度副词,既可以放在be动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前,也可以放在句首,还可以放在句尾。如: I sometimes think that it is a great mistake.我有时想这是一个大错。Sometimes I help my mother in the house.有时候我帮助妈妈做家务。3.often可以放在句中,也可放在句尾,习惯上不放在句首。如:&We have been there quite often.我们经常到那儿去。She writes to me often. 她经常给我写信。4.如果有两个助动词,频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。如:
We have never been invited to one of their parties. 他们聚会,一次也没邀请过我们。
She must sometimes have wanted to run away. 她有时候一定想到过要逃走。5.这些频度副词的位置与句中谓语动词有无助动词有关。句中没有助动词时,副词置于动词be之后,其它动词之前。频度副词位于助动词之前两种情况:①为了表示强调,频度副词有时也可位于动词be、助动词、情态动词之前,此时助动词等应重读。如:She always was late. 她老是迟到。I never can remember. 我永远也记不住。②在简略答语中,当频度副词与动词be、助动词或情态动词位于句末时,频度副词必须前置。—“Philip is late again.” —“Yes, he always is.” —“菲利普又迟到了。”—“是的,他总是迟到。”— “Can you park your car near the shops?” —“Yes. I usually can.”— “你可以在商店附近停车吗?”—“是的,通常可以。”6.频度副词后的动词可以是动词的任何形式,具体什么形式和频度副词本身没有关系。如:I have never been to the moon.&He sometimes goes to school by bike.&&&二、表示频度方面的区别:1.always是频度最大的词,意为"总是;永远"。如: & I shall always remember my first day at school.我将永远记住我上学的第一天。2.usually意为"通常",即很少例外,频度仅次于always。如: & What do you usually have for breakfast?你通常早餐吃什么?3.often意为"经常",在频度上不如usually那么频繁。如: & Li Ping often does his homework in the afternoon.李平经常在下午做作业。4.sometimes意为"有时候",频度比often小,表示动作偶尔发生,间断较大。如: & 1.I sometimes go to the library.我有时去图书馆。& 2.Sometimes I read a book in the evening.我有时在晚上看书。三、频度副词与not连用时,表示部分否定;对频度副词进行提问时,要用how often。如: 1.A great scholar is not always a very wise man.大学者未必一定是极聪明的人。2.We go to the cinema sometimes.(对划线部分提问) &&& How often do you go to the cinema?动名词:如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词,那么这个词称动名词。 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。由于动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语。动名词的结构和形式:动名词的否定结构:动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。如: Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 实验没有成功也比不实验好。 He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。 I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉,没有早给你打电话。 He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。 I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了。(not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式) There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. (no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定)
动名词复合结构:通常情况下,动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不失谓语动的主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语,宾语等。 (1)逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时,必须用名词或代词所有格,作宾语时(尤其在口语中),也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如: Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你看我去会有什么帮助吗?(宾语) The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。(主语) Do you mind my(me) smoking ? 你介意我抽烟吗?(宾语) They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there. 他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。(介词宾语) (2)逻辑主语是无生命名词是,通常只用名词普通格。如: Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? 你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗? Is there any hope of our team winning the match ? 我们对赢得比赛有希望吗? (3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时,只用普通格。如: She was woken up by somebody shouting outside. 她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。
动名词的形式(一般式,完成式和被动式):(1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如: We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。 His coming will be of great help to us . 他来对我们大有帮助。 但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词 after, on,upon, 或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如: I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。 On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来。 Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了,请原谅。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。 (2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。 He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。 We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。 (3)动名词的被动式:当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时,用被动语态。如: I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。 She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。 The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。 He doesn’t mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批评。 动名词与现在分词的关系:动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如:Speaking in the public,he will surely be very cheerful .(现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。She hates speaking in the public.(动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story.2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较:①a swimming boy和a swimming suit前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。动名词用法口诀:动名词常泛指,句法作用宾/表/定与主,时态/语态之形式,一般/完成/被动式。Being done 系被动,不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意,常用it作形式主语,不指未来发生事,表达的信息系已知。用作表语请记清,作用相当一名词,检验方法很简单,主与表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩,表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂,关键留意谓语动词(跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后),时态同谓动作比较,先于谓动用完成式,其逻辑主语不固定,在句中/句外均有之。否定式其前加not,复合式其前加物主词,非句首宾格词也可用,尤其口语中更如此。说明:1、主-----主语 2、宾-----宾语 3、表------表语 4、定------定语 5、谓动---谓语动词
动名词的用法: 一、动名词作主语&1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如:    &&&& Swimming is a good sport in summer.    2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。    动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如: It is no use telling him not to worry.    常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。    注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。    3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如:    There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。   &4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:    No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). (禁止吸烟)    No parking. (禁止停车)    5. 动名词的复合结构作主语    当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:   &Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.    二、动名词作宾语 1.作动词的宾语    某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid,& consider, enjoy, finish&&&&& They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走,说个不停。&I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。    Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic &regulations.    每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。   &2.作介词的宾语    We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.&我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。    Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?&我们休息呢还是开始干活?    3.作形容词的宾语    The music is well worth listening to more than once.&&这种曲子很值得多听几遍。    We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 三、动名词作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语、动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。    Your task is cleaning the windows.&& 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)    What I hate most is being laughed at.& 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 四、动名词作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:    a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking    a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing   &a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading    a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring    sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 动名词是非限定动词的一种形式,由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化,如表所示(以及物动词write为例),不及物动词没有语态的变化。
动名词使用注意事项:1) 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数2) 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词3) 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例:I would appreciate you calling back this afternoon.4) 有些词后只能接动名词
understand...5) 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法it’ it’s no/little/hardly any/ it’s not/hardly/ it’ spend money/ there’ there’ there’ what’s the use/point6) 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。例:remember to do/doing:①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作)②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作)&forget与remember的用法类似。&regret的用法:①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……)②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.(为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。)&try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验):①You really must try to overcome your shyness.②Try practicing five hours a day.
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