糖耐量受损怎么办是什么意思

什么是糖耐量受损
什么是糖耐量受损
 什么是糖耐量受损  糖耐量受损(IGT)是由正常血糖向糖尿病过渡的异常糖代谢状态,主要表现为餐后血糖升高。诊断标准为:空腹血糖&6.1毫摩尔/升,口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)2小时后血浆血糖值处于7.8~11.1毫摩尔/升之间,称为单-IGT,如空腹血糖6.1~7.0毫摩尔/升,则称为合并有空腹血糖异常。目前认为,几乎所有糖尿病患者都要经历IGT阶段,故又称为糖尿病前期。若病情进展,餐后血糖>11.1毫摩尔/升时,即进入糖尿病阶段。&  &  糖耐量受损者心血管患病率高&  糖尿病心血管并发症CVD主要是指大血管病变引起的临床病症,包括冠心病、脑血管疾病及外周血管疾病,其病理基础是动脉粥样硬化。&  研究表明,IGT阶段CVD的风险已经升高,可能已接近糖尿病患者。IGT者的心脑血管疾病发病率显著高于正常人群,其冠心病的发病率大约为6%~10%,男、女发生高血压的危险分别为正常人的1.9和1.6倍,脑卒中危险性为正常人群的近2倍。我国心脏病调查亦显示,约有77%的冠心病患者存在糖代谢异常。糖尿病干预研究(DIS)结果发现,餐后血糖每增加1毫摩尔/升,心梗及心脏性死亡的危险性即增加13%。IGT者的CVD或冠心病的死亡风险大约是正常糖耐量者的两倍以上。&  IGT者除本身为CVD的危险因素外,常合并有其他危险因素,包括血脂异常、高血压、肥胖、高胰岛素血症等。有充分的证据表明,IGT阶段不仅已经有了心血管发病机制的启动,而且存在上述诸多心血管危险因子的聚集。血脂异常在正常糖耐量向IGT的进展中已显现,血浆甘油三酯每升高1毫摩尔/升,冠心病的危险可以升高14%(男性)和37%(女性)。另有研究提示,&IGT者24小时动态血压测定表现为昼夜间血压差值减少的趋势,说明IGT者已伴有早期高血压表现。因此,IGT阶段不仅携带多个危险因子,且在诸多CVD危险因子中的危害性可能最大。国际糖尿病联盟建议将IGT人群看作是与其他CVD危险因子同等重要的独立危险因素。&  &  防治糖耐量受损,重在早期干预&  IGT不仅是糖尿病的高危人群,CVD的危险性亦明显升高。遏制糖尿病,须从防治IGT着手。&  生活方式的改变包括饮食控制、运动增加、体重减轻、戒烟等是最基本的干预措施。相关研究报道,IGT者经过生活方式干预,3年后糖尿病发病率降低了58%,同时血压、体重较前亦明显下降,而未经任何干预措施的IGT者糖尿病发病率高达68%。由此可见,行为干预不仅可预防糖尿病,且对高血压、血脂异常、肥胖等有益,可减轻心脑血管病变的危险性,提高生活质量,增强整体健康。&  最近对IGT人群的干预试验表明,药物干预IGT人群不仅显著降低糖尿病发病率,还可明显减少CVD的危险性,其中新发生高血压降低34%,心肌梗死降低9%,任何心血管事件降低49%。在降低血糖的同时,也要严格控制血压,纠正血脂异常等。对合并高血压的糖代谢异常者而言,血压仅降低10/5毫米汞柱就可以使心血管并发症的发生率显著降低。血脂调节包括降低总胆固醇、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,提升高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。使用他汀类或贝特类药物调脂,可使各种CVD的危险性下降25%~55%。因此,IGT患者诊断明确后,应主动就医,医生会根据病情选择恰当的治疗方案及药物,积极治疗高血糖及相关危险因素。&  因此,&早期采取针对性的IGT干预措施,有助于逆转IGT,降低IGT进展为糖尿病的风险,减少CVD的发生。作者:喻 明 夏 娟 教授&
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