[转载]常用数学符号、公式和等式、数学式和数学用语的英文读法
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常用数学符号、公式和等式、数学式和数学用语的英文读法数学式和数学用语的英文读法一、Number 数字106：109：1012：1015：1018：123,456,789：12,345,678,900,000：-18：二、Fractions 分数通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。1/2：1/3：1/4：1/5：2/3：9/10：53/4：15/64：15%：4‰：三、Decimals 小数0.4：.01：12.34：567.809：30.45：0.3333333…..：0.3%：四、Mathematic Forms 数学式(4-1) &Addition 加法1+2=3：2+3=5：4+0=4：45+70+152=267：(4-2) &Subtraction 减法9-4=5：15-7=8：23,654-8,175=15,479：(4-3) &Multiplication 乘法1×0=0：2×1=2：3×5=15：6×0=0：(4-4) &Division 除法9÷3=3：20÷5=4： 余 13：五、Power 幂次方当中，b被称为底数 (base)，被称为指数bn： & & & & & the nth power of b或a×107：的平方：的立方：的4次方：的-1次方：六、Time 时间(6-1) &Hours 钟点2h.5'8&： &twohours five minutes eight seconds 2小时5分8秒6.18： &six eighteen 6时18分8.30 a.m.： &eightthirty a.m. 上午8时30分the 6.05 p.m. train： &the six(naught) five p.m. train 下午6时零5分列车又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下：0900： &0 nine hundred (上午)9时0910： &0 nine ten (上午)9时10分1300： &thirteen hundred 13时(下午1时1525： &fifteen twenty-five 15时25分(下午3时25分2000： &twenty hundred 20时(下午8时at 5 o'clock： &at fiveo'clock 五点钟(6-2) &Date 日期Oct.1： &October first 10月1日Oct.1st： &Octoberthe first 10月1日1st Oct. 1949： &thefirst of October, nineteen forty-nine 1949年10月1日3/5： &[英] May (the) third 5月3日；[美]March fifth 3月5日 &684 B.C.： &Sixeighty-four B.C. 公元前684年106 A.D： &one ohsix A.D. &公元106年1960：19-：1950's： &nineteenfifties 二十世纪五十年代60's： &sixties 本世纪60年代1770年代初期：20世纪末：11世纪中叶：七、Phone and Room Numbers 电话及房间号码：： & & & &或room 137：车牌号码，身分证号码，以及各种编号的读法皆类似八、其他log(x)：logb(x)：5 : 3：A队领先 2 分：B队落后 2 分：45 度角：二元一次方程式： &linear (or simple) equation with two unknowns一元二次方程式： &quadratic equation with one unknownVol.I： & & & (chapter, page, line 的读法类似Matt.7:12： &Matthew,Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 《马可福音》第七章第12节Hamlet III 1:56：《哈姆雷特》第3幕第一场第56行时频分析第123页第四行：Henry V： &Henrythe Fifth 亨利五世$4.25： &four dollars twenty-five cents 四元二十五分 (大小单位之间不必加15 ft. 5 in： &fifteenfoot five (inches) 十五英尺五英寸20 gal. 5 qt.： &Twentygallons five quarts 二十加仑五夸脱10×8 feet： &ten byeight feet 十英尺长，八英尺宽5&×4×2 1/2： &fiveinches by four by two and a half 长五英寸，宽四英寸，高二英寸半九、符号的英文读法标点符号&&中文英文&中文英文分节号破折号。句号／斜线，逗号＼反斜杠：冒号～波浪号；分号省略号！惊叹号圆括号＠&单引号所有格号双引号？问号《》法文引号或书名号点方括号星号大括号箭号双线号数学符号 (一&中文英文&中文英文＝等号≯不大于不等号％百分之约等于千分之＜小于全等号＞大于≌约等于小于等于is less than or & ∝与…成比例大于等于is more than or &无限大≮不小于＆以及数学符号 (二&中文英文&中文英文＋加号正号平方根－减号负号积分乘号总和&除号度正负号分∵因为秒∴所以℃摄氏∠角°华氏⌒半圆n阶乘⊙圆&圆周的绝对值圆周率对数△三角形自然对数⊥垂直正弦∪合集余弦交集正切＃数字余切美元正割的函式余割十、Common Words in Mathematics 数学常用字汇(10-1) &Science 科学公理推论定理反例定律演绎证明归纳假设; 假说经验式的命题算法(10-2) &Numbers 数数十进制数字二进制自然数十六进制整数有理数小数无理数小数点实数循环小数虚数无尽小数复数正有效数字负无效数字零因子无穷大公因子无穷小倍数分数公倍数分子质数分母因式分解倒数近似值(10-3) &Operations (I) 运算(一加被乘数被加数乘数加数积和除减被除数被减数除数减数商乘余数(10-4) &Operations (II) 运算(二计算对数运算指数; 幂; 乘方算术二次方; 平方运算符三次方; 立方等于四次方the power of &大于n次方the power of n;小于开方大于等于is more than or &二次方根;平方根小于等于is less than or & 三次方根;立方根比四次方根the root of & 进位n次方根通分截尾约分四舍五入微积分下舍入微分上舍入偏微分绝对值导数阶乘积分内积定积分加权不定积分转换差分旋积(10-5) &Algebras and Functions 代数与函数代数方程式系数公式未知数恒等式常数单项式变数多项式函数n次多项式定义域一次方程值域二次方程等式三次方程不等式m元n次方程式(10-6) &Properties 性质极限奇偶性正交对称性交换律可逆性结换律单调性分配律周期性(10-7) &Sets and Logic 集合与逻辑集合联集元素补集子集充分条件空集必要条件交集充分且必要(10-8) &Geometry (I) 几何 (一几何顶点点边线直角边面斜边体底平行高相交三角形垂直; 正交锐角三角形角直角三角形角度钝角三角形弧度不等边三角形锐角等边三角形直角等腰三角形钝角四边形平角长周角宽圆对角线圆心平行四边形半径矩形直径正方形圆周率菱形弧梯形半圆直角梯形扇形等腰梯形环五边形椭圆六边形圆周七边形面积八边形周长九边形勾股定理十边形多边形十一边形正多边形十二边形(10-9) &Geometry (II) 几何 (二相似球全等半球立方体圆锥多面体圆柱三角锥圆台三角柱内切圆棱台外切圆四面体空间五面体维六面体n维平行六面体n度空间七面体三角八面体正弦九面体余弦十面体正切十一面体余切十二面体正割二十面体余割底面反正弦内心反余弦外心反正切旁心反余切垂心反正割重心反余割体积投影表面积旋转(10-10) &Geometry (III): Lines and Coordinates 几何 (三)：线与坐标轨迹向量坐标系象限直角坐标系线段圆坐标系直线球坐标系曲线; 弧线轴射线坐标轴双曲线横坐标抛物线纵坐标渐近线原点切线准线割线交点垂线; 法线夹角凹曲线方位角凸曲线(10-11) &Probability and Statics 机率与统计机率; 或然率百分比统计百分点平均数百分位数加权平均数排列方差组合标准偏差分布比例正态分布相关性非正态分布期望值信度随机数效度(10-12) &Other Important Vocabularies in Mathematics 其他数学上的重要字汇表格矩阵图行列式影像映射流程图相位图表周期条形统计图振幅柱形统计图数列; 级数折线统计图等差级数曲线统计图等比级数扇形统计图黄金比例1 Α αalpha a:lf 阿尔法角度；系数2 Β βbeta bet 贝塔磁通系数；角度；系数3 Γ γgamma ga:m 伽马电导系数（小写）4 Δ δdelta delt 德尔塔变动；密度；屈光度5 Ε εepsilon ep`silon 伊普西龙对数之基数6 Ζ ζzeta zat 截塔系数；方位角；阻抗；相对粘度；原子序数7 Η ηeta eit 艾塔磁滞系数；效率（小写）8 Θ θthet θit 西塔温度；相位角9 Ι ιiot aiot 约塔微小，一点儿10 Κ κkappa kap 卡帕介质常数11 ∧ λ lambda lambd 兰布达波长（小写）；体积12 Μ μmu mju 缪磁导系数；微（千分之一）；放大因数（小写）13 Ν νnu nju 纽磁阻系数14 Ξ ξxi ksi 克西15 Ο οomicron omik`ron 奥密克戎16 ∏ πpi pai 派圆周率=圆周÷直径=3.1416 17 Ρ ρrho rou 肉电阻系数（小写）18 ∑ σsigma `sigma 西格马总和（大写），表面密度；跨导（小写）19 Τ τtau tau 套时间常数20 Υ υupsilon jup`silon 宇普西龙位移21 Φ φphi fai 佛爱磁通；角22 Χ χchi phai 西23 Ψ ψpsi psai 普西角速；介质电通量（静电力线）；角24 Ω ωomega o`miga 欧米伽欧姆（大写）；角速（小写）；角希腊字母读法Αα：阿尔法 Alpha Ββ：贝塔 Beta Γγ：伽玛 Gamma Δδ：德尔塔 Delte Εε：艾普西龙 Epsilon ζ ：捷塔 Zeta Ζη：依塔 Eta Θθ：西塔 Theta Ιι：艾欧塔 Iota Κκ：喀帕 Kappa ∧λ：拉姆达 Lambda Μμ：缪 Mu Νν：拗 Nu Ξξ：克西 Xi Οο：欧麦克轮 Omicron ∏π：派 Pi Ρρ：柔 Rho ∑σ：西格玛 Sigma Ττ：套 Tau Υυ：宇普西龙 Upsilon Φφ：fai Phi Χχ：器 Chi Ψψ：普赛 Psi Ωω：欧米伽 Omega 希腊字母怎么打打开Office文档之后，在你需要输入希腊字母的时候，先将输入法切换为英文状态，然后同时按下三个键Ctrl+Shift+Q ，工具栏上的“字体”就会发生变化此刻，你再对照下表输入a,b,c……即可得到您想要的希腊字母。注意，大小写状态时所代表的希腊字母也会有大小写区分的哦！—dash 破折号‘’single quotation marks 单引号“”double quotation marks 双引号()parentheses 圆括号[ ]squarebrackets 方括号《》French quotes 法文引号；书名号...ellipsis省略号¨tandemcolon 双点号&ditto同上‖parallel双线号／virgule 斜线号＆ampersand = and～swung dash 代字号§division 分节号→arrow 箭号；参见号＋plus 加号；正号－minus 减号；负号±plus orminus 正负号×ismultiplied by 乘号÷is dividedby 除号＝is equal to 等于号≠is notequal to 不等于号≡isequivalent to 全等于号≌is equal to orapproximately equal to 等于或约等于号≈isapproximately equal to 约等于号＜is less than 小于号＞is more than 大于号≮is not lessthan 不小于号≯is not morethan 不大于号≤is lessthan or equal to 小于或等于号≥is morethan or equal to 大于或等于号％per cent 百分之…‰permill 千分之…∞infinity无限大号∝varies as 与…成比例√(square)root 平方根∵ because 因为∴hence 所以∷equals, as(proportion) 等于，成比例∠angle 角⌒semicircle 半圆⊙circle 圆○circumference圆周πpi 圆周率△triangle 三角形⊥perpendicularto 垂直于∪union of 并，合集∩intersectionof 交，通集∫theintegral of …的积分∑(sigma)summation of 总和°degree 度′minute 分″second 秒＃number …号℃Celsius system 摄氏度＠at 单价α( 阿而法) β( 贝塔) γ(伽马）δ（德尔塔）ε（艾普西龙）ζ（截塔）η（艾塔） θ（西塔） ι约塔） κ（卡帕）λ（兰姆达） μ（米尤） ν（纽） ξ（可系） ο（奥密克戎）π （派）ρ （若）σ （西格马）τ （套）υ （英文或拉丁字母）φ（斐） χ（喜） ψ（普西）） ω（欧米伽）各种符号的英文读法'exclam'＝'!' 'at'＝'@' 'numbersign'＝'#' 'dollar'＝'$' 'percent'＝'%' 'caret'＝'^' 'ampersand'＝'&' 'asterisk'＝'*' 'parenleft'＝'(' 'parenright'＝')' 'minus'＝'-' 'underscore'＝'_' 'equal'＝'=' 'plus'＝'+' 'bracketleft'＝'[' 'braceleft'＝'{' 'bracketright'＝']' 'braceright'＝'}' 'semicolon'＝';' 'colon'＝':' 'quote'＝''' 'doublequote'＝'&' 'backquote'＝''' 'tilde'＝'~' 'backslash'＝'\' 'bar'＝'|' 'comma'＝',' 'less'＝'&' 'period'＝'.' 'greater'＝'&' 'slash'＝'/' 'question'＝'?' 'space'＝' '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~￣ hyphen 连字符'apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号— dash 破折号‘’single quotation marks 单引号“”double quotation marks 双引号( )parentheses 圆括号[ ]square brackets 方括号Anglebracket {} Brace《》French quotes 法文引号；书名号...ellipsis 省略号¨ tandemcolon 双点号&ditto 同上‖parallel 双线号／ virgule 斜线号＆ ampersand = and ～ swung dash 代字号§ division 分节号→ arrow 箭号；参见号＋ plus 加号；正号－ minus 减号；负号± plusor minus 正负号× ismultiplied by 乘号÷ isdivided by 除号＝ is equal to 等于号≠ is notequal to 不等于号≡ isequivalent to 全等于号≌ is equal to orapproximately equal to 等于或约等于号≈ isapproximately equal to 约等于号＜ is less than 小于号＞ is more than 大于号≮ is not lessthan 不小于号≯ is not morethan 不大于号≤ isless than or equal to 小于或等于号≥ ismore than or equal to 大于或等于号％ per cent 百分之… ‰ permill 千分之… ∞infinity 无限大号∝ varies as 与…成比例√(square) root 平方根∵ because因为∴ hence 所以∷ equals, as (proportion)等于，成比例∠ angle 角⌒ semicircle 半圆⊙ circle 圆○circumference 圆周π pi 圆周率△ triangle 三角形⊥ perpendicularto 垂直于∪ union of 并，合集∩intersection of 交，通集∫ theintegral of …的积分∑(sigma) summation of 总和° degree度′ minute分″ second秒＃ number …号℃ Celsius system摄氏度＠ at 单价x'是x prime(比如转置矩阵)x&是x double-prime常用英文数学式/符号的读法Pronunciationof Numerals 数词的读法----------------------------------------------------------------------1.Cardinalsand Ordinals 基数和序数(1)100以内的数词基数序数RomanArabic NumeralsNumerals 罗马数字阿拉伯数字读法数码读法I 1 one1st the first II 2 two2nd the second III 3three 3rd the third IV 4four 4th the fourth V 5 five5th the fifth VI 6 six6th the sixth VII 7seven 7th the seventh VIII 8eight 8th the eighth IX 9nine 9th the ninth X 10 ten10th the tenth XI 11eleven 11th the eleventh XII 12twelve 12th the twelfth XIII 13thirteen 13th the thirteenth XIV 14fourteen 14th the fourteenth XV 15fifteen 15th the fifteenth XVI 16sixteen 16th the sixteenth XVII 17seventeen 17th the seventeenth XVIII 18eighteen 18th the eighteenth XIX 19nineteen 19th the nineteenth XX 20twenty 20th the twentieth XXI 21twenty-one 21st the twenty-first XXV 25twenty-five 25th the twenty-fifth XXX 30thirty 30th the thirtieth XL 40forty 40th the fortieth L 50fifty 50th the fiftieth LX 60sixty 60th the sixtieth LXX 70seventy 70th the seventieth LXXX 80eighty 80th the eightieth XC 90ninety 90th the ninetieth IC 99ninety-nine 99th the ninety-ninth C 100one hundred 100th the hundredth CII 102a hundred 102nd the (one) hundred and twoand second 246 twohundred and forty-six 751seven hundred and fifty-one (2)1000以上的数词1,000 =one thousand 一千10,000 =ten thousand 一万100,000= one hundred thousand 十万1,000,000= one million 一百万10,000,000= ten million 一千万100,000,000=onehundred million 一亿(3)十亿以上的大数，英美有不同的读法：英国美国十亿 one thousand million = onebillion 百亿 ten thousand million = tenbillion 千亿 one hundred thousand million =one hundred billion 万亿 one billion = one trillion 2.Fractions分数通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。1/2 = a(or one) half 1/3 = a(or one) third 1/4 = aquarter or one fouth 1/5 = a(or one) fifth 2/3 =two thirds 9/10 =nine tenths 53/4 =five and three quarters 15/64=fifteen over (or by) sixty-four 15% =fifteen per cent 4‰ =four per mill 3.Decimals小数0.4 =zero (or nought) point four .01 =point (or decimal) nought one 12.34 =twelve point three four 567.809= five hundred and sixty-seven point eight nought nine 30.45 =thirty point four five, five recurring 0.3% =decimal three percent 4.MathematicForms 数学式(1)Addition 加法1+2=3One and two are three. 2+3=5Two plus three equals five. 4+0=4Four and nought is equal to four. 45+70+152=26745,70 and 152 added are (or make) 267 the sum(or total) is 267. 演算时的读法： Thr Iwrite(or I write down,or I put down)a nought andcarry one. Four and one that I carry are five, and eight make thirteen,andthree I write down six and carry one. One and one (that I carry) I put down two.-The sum (or total, or the result of the addition) is two hundred and sixty.37,80 and 143added together, and(or make) 260. (2)Subtraction减法9-4=5Nine minus four equals (or is equal to) five. 15-7=8Seven from fifteen leaves eight. 23,654-8,175=15, (take or subtracted) from 23,654 leaves 15,479. The difference (or Theremainder) is 15,479. Ninefrom five won`t go. 演算时的读法：Nought from nought (leaves)nought. One from one leaves nought (or nothing). Two fromthree (leaves) one. I can`t take (or subtract) I fivefrom fourteen leaves nine.- The difference (or The remainder) is nine thousandone hundred.5210 (take or substracted) from 14,310 leaves 9,100. (3)Multiplication乘法1×0=0One multiplied by nought equals nought. 1×1=1Once one is one. 2×1=2Twice one is two. 3×5=15Three times five is fifteen 6×0=0Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing. 演算时的读法: Five times nine (or Ninemultiplied by five) are forty- I put down five andcarry four. Five times seven are thirty-five and four (that I carry) arethirty- I write downnine and carry three. Five times six make thirty and three (that I carry)thirty- I put downthirty-three. Eighttimes nine (or Eight nine) I write two and carry seven. Eightsevens make fifty-sixand seven are sixty-three. I put down three and carry six. Eight sixes makeforty-eight and sixfifty- I write down fifty-four. I now addthe partial results (or products) Five. Two and nine are eleven. Three andthree are six andone are seven. Four and three make seven. Five. (4)Division除法9÷3=3Nine divided by three maks (or is equal to) three. 20÷5=4Five into twenty goes four times. 余13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13remainder. Thequctient is 198, and 13 remainder. 演算时的读法: Fifteen into thirteen won` fifteen into one hundred and thirty-eight goes nine nine times fifteen are one hundred and threty- one hundred and thirty-fivefrom one hundred andthirty- I fifteen into thirty- twice fifteen
thirty from thirty-seven leaves seven. The(exact) quotient is ninety-two, 15 into 1387 goes 92times, and 7 remainder. 5.Time 时间(1)Hours钟点2h.5'8&= two hours five minutes eight seconds 2小时5分8秒6.18 =six eighteen 6时18分8.30a.m.= eight thirty a.m.['ei 'em] 上午8时30分the 6.05p.m.train = the six (nought) five p.m.['pi:'em] train 下午6时零5分列车又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下：0900 = 0nine hunderd (上午)9时0910 = 0nine ten (上午)9时10分1300 =thirteen hundred 13时(下午1时) 1525 =fifteen twenty-five 15时25分(下午3时25分) 2000 =twenty hundred 20时(下午8时) at 5 o'c=at five o'clock 五点钟(2)Date 日期Oct.1=October first 10月1日Oct.1st= October the first 10月1日Ist Oct.1949 = teh first of October, nineteen forty-nine 1949年10月1日3/5 = [英]May (the) third 5月3日；[美]March fifth 3月5日[附注]联系日期前置词用on. (3)Year 年份684 B.C.=Six eighty-four B.C. ['bi:'si:] 公元前684年1960 = nineteen hundred and sixty 19-nineteen something 1950'snineteen fifties 二十世纪五十年代[附注]联系年份的前置词用in. 6.Numbers号码(1)TelephonesNumbers　电话号码1023 =one O ten twenty-three 1227 =one double two (or two two) seven 0386 = Othree eight six 0096 =double O(or O O )nine six 7000 =seven O double O = seven thousand No.26=Number 26 第26号Room 201= Room two O one 第201房间10Changan Street = Ten Changan Street 长安街10号(2)Writings书籍作品Vol.I =Volume one (or the first volume) 卷一Chap.II=Chapter two (or the second chapter) 第2章Page 3 =page Three (or the third page) 第3页Seepp.5-10 = See Pages five to ten 见第5-10页Act V =Act five (or the fifth act) 第5幕HamletIII 1:56 = Hamlet Act Three, Secene One.Line fifty-six 《哈姆雷特》第3幕第一场第56行Matt.7:12= Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 《马可福音》第七章第12节BeethovenOp.49 = Beethoven Opus forty-nine 贝多芬作品第49号4to =quarto 四本开 8vo = octavo 八本开(3)Other其他WorldWar I = World War One 第一次世界大战WorldWar II = World War Two 第二次世界大战CharlesI= Charles the First 查理一世Henry V= Henry the Fifth 亨利五世Mr.- =Mr. D Mr. So-and-so 某某先生Mr.B - =Mr. B -Esq.,of-= the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University 某大学某某先生the townof = the town of Blank 某某城Theresult of the game was 3-0 比赛结果是三比零。7.Money 货币(1)Britishcurrency 英币6d. =six pence 六便士1/2d. =a halfpenny 半便士11/2d. =a peney halfpenny or three halfpeny or three halfpence一便士半1/4d. =a farthing 一个铜元33/4d.=three pence three farghings 三便士三铜元1s.6d.(or1/6) = one (shilling) and six (pence) 一先令六便士￡1.18 = (or￡1.18s.)= one pound eighteen (shillings) 一镑十八先令￡1.3s.6d. = one pound, threeshillings (and) sixpence 4/51/2(or4s.51/2d.)= four (shillings) and five pence halfpenny (2)U.S.currency 1.20dollar (and) twenty (cents) 美金一元二角4.25 =four dollars twenty-five cents 美金四元二角五分(3)Sovietcurrency 前苏联币6 Rb. 15= six roubles fifteen kopecks 六卢布十五戈比(4)German currency 德币1 m. 60= one mark sixty pfennig -马克六十芬尼(5)Frenchcurrency 法国币1 fr.30= one franc. thirty (centimes) -法郎三十生丁0 fr.15= fifteen centimes 十五生丁(6)Chinese People's Currency 人民币1.50 =one yuan and a half 一元五角JMP10.35 = JMP ten yuan thirty-five (fen) 人民币十元三角五分附注：yuan单复数没有变化：也可作为日本本位币“圆”的符号。8.Weight and Measures 度量衡(1)length,area,and volume 长度、面积和容积3 in =three inches 三英寸15 ft.5in = fifteen foot five (inches) 十五英尺五英寸[附注] 尤其在inches省略时, ft.读作如果inches也念出来，ft可以读作fett. 18'65/1&= eighteen foot six and a fifth (inches) 10×8feet=ten by eight feet 十英尺长，八英尺宽5&×4×31/2= five inches by four by three and a half 长五英寸，宽四英寸，高三英寸半[附注] 以上二例中，乘号×表示面积或容积。(2)Weight重量12 dr.23 gr.= Twelve drams twenty-three grains 十二打兰二十三喱10 oz. 4dr. = Ten ounces four drams 十盎司打兰(3)Capacity容量3 gi. =three gills 三及耳1 qt. 1px = one quart one pint 一夸脱一品脱[附注] qt.,pt. 的复数是qts.,pts.,也可以不加s. 20 gal.5 qt. =Twenty gallons five quarts 二十加仑五夸脱5 bu. 3pk. = Five bushels three pecks 五蒲式耳三配克+ plus　加号；正号- minus　减号；负号±plus or minus　正负号×is multiplied by　乘号÷is divided by　除号＝　is equal to　等于号≠is not equal to　不等于号≡is equivalent to　全等于号≌is equal to or approximately equal to　等于或约等于号≈is approximately equal to　约等于号＜　is less than　小于号＞　is more than　大于号≮is not lessthan 不小于号≯is not morethan 不大于号≤is less than or equal to　小于或等于号≥is more than or equal to　大于或等于号% per cent　百分之…‰per mill　千分之…∞infinity　无限大号∝varies as　与…成比例√(square) root　平方根∵ because　因为∴hence　所以∷equals, as (proportion)　等于，成比例∠angle　角⌒semicircle　半圆⊙circle　圆○circumference　圆周πpi 圆周率△triangle　三角形⊥perpendicular to　垂直于∪union of　并，合集∩intersection of 交，通集∫the integral of …的积分∑(sigma) summation of　总和°degree　度′minute　分″second　秒℃Celsius system　摄氏度{open brace, open curly　左花括号}close brace, close curly　右花括号(open parenthesis, open paren　左圆括号)close parenthesis, close paren　右圆括号()brakets/ parentheses　括号[open bracket 左方括号]close bracket 右方括号[]square brackets　方括号.period, dot　句号，点|vertical bar, vertical virgule　竖线&ampersand, and, reference, ref　和，引用*asterisk, multiply, star, pointer　星号，乘号，星，指针/slash, divide, oblique 斜线，斜杠，除号//slash-slash, comment 双斜线，注释符#pound　井号\backslash, sometimes escape　反斜线转义符，有时表示转义符或续行符~tilde　波浪符.full stop　句号,comma　逗号:colon　冒号;semicolon　分号?question mark　问号!exclamation mark (英式美式英语)'apostrophe　撇号-hyphen　连字号-- dash 破折号...dots/ ellipsis　省略号&single quotation marks 单引号&&double quotation marks 双引号‖parallel 双线号～　swung dash 代字号§ division 分节号→arrow 箭号；参见号'exclam'＝'!''at'＝'@''numbersign'＝'#''dollar'＝'$''percent'＝'%''caret'＝'^''ampersand'＝'&''asterisk'＝'*''parenleft'＝'(''parenright'＝')''minus'＝'-''underscore'＝'_''equal'＝'=''plus'＝'+''bracketleft'＝'[''braceleft'＝'{''bracketright'＝']''braceright'＝'}''semicolon'＝';''colon'＝':''quote'＝''''doublequote'＝'&''backquote'＝''''tilde'＝'~''backslash'＝'\''bar'＝'|''comma'＝',''less'＝'&''period'＝'.''greater'＝'&''slash'＝'/''question'＝'?''space'＝' ' (来源：英语分类信息 )￣ hyphen 连字符省略号；所有格符号破折号单引号双引号圆括号方括号《》French quotes 法文引号；书名号省略号双点号同上双线号／ virgule 斜线号＆ ampersand = and～ swung dash 代字号分节号箭号；参见号＋ plus 加号；正号－ minus 减号；负号正负号乘号除号＝ is equal to 等于号不等于号全等于号≌ is equal to or approximatelyequal to 等于或约等于号约等于号＜ is less than 小于号＞ is more than 大于号≮ is not less than 不小于号 (来源：英语资料下载 )≯ is not more than 不大于号小于或等于号大于或等于号％ per cent 百分之…‰ per mill 千分之…∞ infinity 无限大号∝ varies as 与…成比例平方根∵ because 因为∴ hence 所以∷ equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例∠ angle 角⌒ semicircle 半圆⊙ circle 圆圆周圆周率△ triangle 三角形⊥ perpendicular to 垂直于∪ union of 并，合集交，通集的积分总和度分秒＃ number …号℃ Celsius system 摄氏度＠ at 单价是x prime(比如转置矩阵)x&是x double-prime+ plus　加号；正号 minus　减号；负号plus or minus　正负号is multiplied by　乘号is divided by　除号＝　is equal to　等于号is not equal to　不等于号is equivalent to　全等于号≌is equal to or approximately equal to　等于或约等于号is approximately equal to　约等于号＜　is less than　小于号＞　is more than　大于号≮ is not less than　不小于号≯ is not more than　不大于号is less than or equal to　小于或等于号is more than or equal to　大于或等于号 per cent　百分之…‰per mill　千分之…∞infinity　无限大号∝varies as　与…成比例(square) root　平方根∵ because　因为∴hence　所以∷equals, as (proportion)　等于，成比例∠angle　角⌒semicircle　半圆⊙circle　圆circumference　圆周pi 圆周率△triangle　三角形⊥perpendicular to　垂直于∪union of　并，合集intersection of 交，通集the integral of …的积分(sigma) summation of　总和degree　度minute　分second　秒℃Celsius system　摄氏度open brace, open curly　左花括号close brace, close curly　右花括号open parenthesis, open paren　左圆括号close parenthesis, close paren　右圆括号　括号open bracket 左方括号close bracket 右方括号　方括号period, dot　句号，点vertical bar, vertical virgule　竖线ampersand, and, reference, ref　和，引用asterisk, multiply, star, pointer　星号，乘号，星，指针slash, divide, oblique 斜线，斜杠，除号slash-slash, comment 双斜线，注释符pound　井号backslash, sometimes escape　反斜线转义符，有时表示转义符或续行符tilde　波浪符full stop　句号comma　逗号colon　冒号semicolon　分号question mark　问号exclamation mark (英式英语) exclamation point (美式英语)'apostrophe　撇号hyphen　连字号破折号dots/ ellipsis　省略号single quotation marks 单引号double quotation marks 双引号双线号～　swung dash 代字号 division 分节号arrow 箭号；参见号．period 句号，comma 逗号：colon 冒号；semicolon 分号！exclamation 惊叹号？question mark 问号￣hyphen 连字符省略号；所有格符号破折号单引号双引号圆括号方括号《》French quotes 法文引号；书名号省略号双点号同上平行／virgule 斜线号＆ampersand = and～swung dash 代字号分节号箭号；参见号＋plus 加号；正号－minus 减号；负号正负号叉乘除号＝is equal to 等于号不等于号全等于号≌is equal to or approximatelyequal to 等于或约等于号约等于号＜is less than 小于号＞is more than （is greater than在数学中更常用）大于号≮is not less than 不小于号≯is not more than 不大于号小于或等于号大于或等于号％per cent 百分之…‰per mill 千分之…∞infinity 无限大号∝varies as 与…成比例平方根∵ because 因为∴hence 所以∷equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例∠angle 角⌒semicircle 半圆⊙circle 圆圆周圆周率△triangle 三角形⊥perpendicular to 垂直于；另外normal to，right to也都有垂直的意思。∪union of 并，合集交，通集的积分总和度分秒＃ pound …号点乘就是centered dot)f' f prime f撇上面一个横杠：A barA上面一个星星*： A asteriskA上面一个波浪线～：A tildeA的厄米共轭（注意不是加号，那个竖比横长）：A dagger（dagger：短剑，匕首）偏微分符号（不好意思，打不出来）有人把它读partial 或者d 但这样读都不正规，最正规读法为round因为这个符号是法国人发明的，一开始就叫round倒三角符号（不好意思，打不出来2）读作nabla或者del读nabla的居多，后者在某些英文书里会见到。符号本身具有不同的功能，当它按不同的乘法规则作用于函数时会分别得到梯度：grandient 符号为grad散度：divergence 符号为div此时可直接读作grandient（divergence） of ...二、一些函数关系的读法与B的乘积 the ___ product of A and B（___中填乘积的性质，例如外积就填outer，内积就填inner)A乘以B A times B or A is multiplied by BA/B A over B B分之A的最普通读法函数f(x)exp(n) e to powers of n e的n次幂&&&常用英文数学式/符号的读法 & & & & & & & & & & & & & 1.Cardinals and Ordinals 基数和序数 (1)100以内的数词 基数 序数 Roman Arabic Numerals Numerals罗马数字阿拉伯数字读法数码读法I1one1stthe firstII2two2ndthe secondIII3three3rdthe thirdIV4four4ththe fourthV5five5ththe fifthVI6six6ththe sixthVII7seven7ththe seventhVIII8eight8ththe eighthIX9nine9ththe ninthX10ten10ththe tenthXI11eleven11ththe eleventhXII12twelve12ththe twelfthXIII13thirteen13ththe thirteenthXIV14fourteen14ththe fourteenthXV15fifteen15ththe fifteenthXVI16sixteen16ththe sixteenthXVII17seventeen17ththe seventeenthXVIII18eighteen18ththe eighteenthXIX19nineteen19ththe nineteenthXX20twenty20ththe twentiethXXI21twenty-one21stthe twenty-firstXXV25twenty-five25ththe twenty-fifthXXX30thirty30ththe thirtiethXL40forty40ththe fortiethL50fifty50ththe fiftiethLX60sixty60ththe sixtiethLXX70seventy70ththe seventiethLXXX80eighty80ththe eightiethXC90ninety90ththe ninetiethIC99ninety-nine99ththe ninety-ninthC100one hundred100ththe hundredthCII102a hundred and two102ndthe (one) hundred and secondCD400500DCCCLXXXVIII888M1,000MCD1,400MDCCCXCIX1,899MCM1,900MCMXCII1,992MMMDCCCLXXXVIII3,888V5,000X10,000L50,000C100,000D500,000M1,000,000[附注]拼写规则罗马数字共有7个，即I(1)，V(5)，X(10)，L(50)，C(100)，D(500)，M(1000)。按照下述的规则可以表示任意正整数。重复数次：1个罗马数字重复几次，就表示这个数的几倍。右加左减：在一个较大的罗马数字的右边记上一个较小的罗马数字，表示大数字加小数字。在一个较大的罗马数字的左边记上一个较小的罗马数字，表示大数字减小数字。但是，左减不能跨越一个位数。比如，99不可以用IC表示，而是用XCIX表示。（等同于阿拉伯数字每位数字分别表示）例如：999 = 900+90+9 = CM+XC+IX = CMXCIX此外，左减数字不能超过1位，比如8写成VIII，而非IIX。同理，右加数字不能超过3位，比如14写成XIV，而非XIIII。加线乘千：在1个罗马数字的上方加上1条横线或者在右下方写M，表示将这个数乘以1000，即是原数的1000倍。同理，如果上方有2条横线，即是原数的1000000倍。例外：由于IV是古罗马神话主神朱庇特（IVPITER，古罗马字母没有J和U）的首字，因此有时用IIII代替IV。&(2)1000以上的数词 1,000 = one thousand 一千 10,000 = ten thousand 一万 100,000 = one hundred thousand 十万 1,000,000 = one million 一百万 10,000,000 = ten million 一千万 100,000,000=one hundred million 一亿 (3)十亿以上的大数，英美有不同的读法： 英国 美国 十亿 one thousand million = one billion 百亿 ten thousand million = ten billion 千亿 one hundred thousand million = one hundred billion 万亿 one billion = one trillion 2.Fractions 分数 通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。 1/2 = a (or one) half 1/3 = a (or one) third 1/4 = a quarter or one fouth 1/5 = a (or one) fifth 2/3 = two thirds 9/10 = nine tenths 53/4 = five and three quarters 15/64= fifteen over (or by) sixty-four 15% = fifteen per cent 4‰ = four per mill 3.Decimals 小数 0.4 = zero (or nought) point four .01 = point (or decimal) nought one 12.34 = twelve point three four 567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight nought nine 30.45 = thirty point four five, five recurring 0.3% = decimal three percent 4.Mathematic Forms 数学式 (1) Addition 加法 1+2=3 One and two are three. 2+3=5 Two plus three equals five. 4+0=4 Four and nought is equal to four. 45+70+152=267 45,70 and 152 added are (or make) 267 the sum (or total) is 267. 演算时的读法： Thr I write(or I write down,or I put down)a nought and carry one. Four and one that I carry are five, and eight make thirteen,and three
I write down six and carry one. One and one (that I carry) I put down two.- The sum (or total, or the result of the addition) is two hundred and sixty. 37,80 and 143 added together, and(or make) 260. (2)Subtraction 减法 9-4=5 Nine minus four equals (or is equal to) five. 15-7=8 Seven from fifteen leaves eight. 23,654-8,175=15,479 8,175 (take or subtracted) from 23,654 leaves 15,479. The difference (or The remainder) is 15,479. Nine from five won`t go. 演算时的读法：Nought from nought (leaves) nought. One from one leaves nought (or nothing). Two from three (leaves) one. I can`t take (or subtract) I five from fourteen leaves nine.- The difference (or The remainder) is nine thousand one hundred. 5210 (take or substracted) from 14,310 leaves 9,100. (3)Multiplication 乘法 1×0=0 One multiplied by nought equals nought. 1×1=1 Once one is one. 2×1=2 Twice one is two. 3×5=15 Three times five is fifteen 6×0=0 Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing. 演算时的读法: Five times nine (or Nine multiplied by five) are forty- I put down five and carry four. Five times seven are thirty-five and four (that I carry) are thirty- I write down nine and carry three. Five times six make thirty and three (that I carry) thirty- I put down thirty-three. Eight times nine (or Eight nine) I write two and carry seven. Eight sevens make fifty-six and seven are sixty-three. I put down three and carry six. Eight sixes make forty-eight and six fifty- I write down fifty-four. I now add the partial results (or products) Five. Two and nine are eleven. Three and three are six and one are seven. Four and three make seven. Five. (4)Division 除法 9÷3=3 Nine divided by three maks (or is equal to) three. 20÷5=4 Five into twenty goes four times. 余13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder. The quctient is 198, and 13 remainder. 演算时的读法: Fifteen into thirteen won` fifteen into one hundred and thirty-eight goes nine
nine times fifteen are one hundred and threty- one hundred and thirty-five from one hundred and thirty- I fifteen into thirty- twice fifteen
thirty from thirty-seven leaves seven. The (exact) quotient is ninety-two, 15 into 1387 goes 92 times, and 7 remainder. 5.Time 时间 (1)Hours 钟点 2h.5'8& = two hours five minutes eight seconds 2小时5分8秒 6.18 = six eighteen 6时18分 8.30 a.m.= eight thirty a.m.['ei 'em] 上午8时30分 the 6.05 p.m.train = the six (nought) five p.m.['pi:'em] train 下午6时零5分列车 又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下： 0900 = 0 nine hunderd (上午)9时 0910 = 0 nine ten (上午)9时10分 1300 = thirteen hundred 13时(下午1时) 1525 = fifteen twenty-five 15时25分(下午3时25分) 2000 = twenty hundred 20时(下午8时) at 5 o'c =at five o'clock 五点钟 (2)Date 日期 Oct.1 =October first 10月1日 Oct.1st = October the first 10月1日 Ist Oct. 1949 = teh first of October, nineteen forty-nine 日 3/5 = [英]May (the) third 5月3日；[美]March fifth 3月5日 [附注]联系日期前置词用on. (3)Year 年份 684 B.C. =Six eighty-four B.C. ['bi:'si:] 公元前684年 1960 = nineteen hundred and sixty 19- nineteen something 1950's nineteen fifties 二十世纪五十年代 [附注]联系年份的前置词用in. 6.Numbers 号码 (1)Telephones Numbers　电话号码 1023 = one O ten twenty-three 1227 = one double two (or two two) seven 0386 = O three eight six 0096 = double O(or O O )nine six 7000 = seven O double O = seven thousand No.26= Number 26 第26号 Room 201 = Room two O one 第201房间 10 Changan Street = Ten Changan Street 长安街10号 (2)Writings 书籍作品 Vol.I = Volume one (or the first volume) 卷一 Chap.II= Chapter two (or the second chapter) 第2章 Page 3 = page Three (or the third page) 第3页 See pp.5-10 = See Pages five to ten 见第5-10页 Act V = Act five (or the fifth act) 第5幕 Hamlet III 1:56 = Hamlet Act Three, Secene One.Line fifty-six 《哈姆雷特》第3幕第一场第56行 Matt.7:12 = Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 《马可福音》第七章第12节 Beethoven Op.49 = Beethoven Opus forty-nine 贝多芬作品第49号 4to = quarto 四本开 8vo = octavo 八本开 (3)Other 其他 World War I = World War One 第一次世界大战 World War II = World War Two 第二次世界大战 Charles I= Charles the First 查理一世 Henry V = Henry the Fifth 亨利五世 Mr.- = Mr. D Mr. So-and-so 某某先生 Mr.B - = Mr. B -Esq.,of -= the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University 某大学某某先生 the town of = the town of Blank 某某城 The result of the game was 3-0 比赛结果是三比零。7.Money 货币 (1)British currency 英币 6d. = six pence 六便士 1/2d. = a halfpenny 半便士 11/2d. = a peney halfpenny or three halfpeny or three halfpence一便士半 1/4d. = a farthing 一个铜元 33/4d.= three pence three farghings 三便士三铜元 1s.6d.(or 1/6) = one (shilling) and six (pence) 一先令六便士 ￡1.18 = (or￡1.18s.)= one pound eighteen (shillings) 一镑十八先令 ￡1.3s.6d. = one pound, three shillings (and) sixpence 4/51/2(or4s.51/2d.) = four (shillings) and five pence halfpenny (2)U.S. currency 1.20 dollar (and) twenty (cents) 美金一元二角 4.25 = four dollars twenty-five cents 美金四元二角五分 (3)Soviet currency 前苏联币 6 Rb. 15 = six roubles fifteen kopecks 六卢布十五戈比 (4) German currency 德币 1 m. 60 = one mark sixty pfennig -马克六十芬尼 (5)French currency 法国币 1 fr.30 = one franc. thirty (centimes) -法郎三十生丁 0 fr.15 = fifteen centimes 十五生丁 (6) Chinese People's Currency 人民币 1.50 = one yuan and a half 一元五角 JMP 10.35 = JMP ten yuan thirty-five (fen) 人民币十元三角五分 附注：yuan单复数没有变化：也可作为日本本位币“圆”的符号。 8. Weight and Measures 度量衡 (1)length,area, and volume 长度、面积和容积 3 in = three inches 三英寸 15 ft.5 in = fifteen foot five (inches) 十五英尺五英寸 [附注] 尤其在inches省略时, ft.读作如果inches也念出来，ft可以读作fett. 18'6 5/1&= eighteen foot six and a fifth (inches) 10×8feet= ten by eight feet 十英尺长，八英尺宽 5&×4×31/2 = five inches by four by three and a half 长五英寸，宽四英寸，高三英寸半 [附注] 以上二例中，乘号×表示面积或容积。 (2)Weight 重量 12 dr. 23 gr.= Twelve drams twenty-three grains 十二打兰二十三喱 10 oz. 4 dr. = Ten ounces four drams 十盎司打兰 (3)Capacity 容量 3 gi. = three gills 三及耳 1 qt. 1 pt = one quart one pint 一夸脱一品脱 [附注] qt.,pt. 的复数是qts.,pts.,也可以不加s. 20 gal. 5 qt. =Twenty gallons five quarts 二十加仑五夸脱 5 bu. 3 pk. = Five bushels three pecks 五蒲式耳三配克符号的英文读法 ． period 句号 ≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号 ， comma 逗号 ＜ is less than 小于号 ： colon 冒号 ＞ is more than 大于号 ； semicolon 分号 ≮ is not less than 不小于号 ！ exclamation 惊叹号 ≯ is not more than 不大于号 ？ question mark 问号 ≤ is less than or equal to 小于或等于号 ￣ hyphen 连字符 ≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号 ' apostrophe 单引号；所有格符号 ％ per cent 百分之… - dash 破折号 ‰ per mill 千分之… ' ' single quotation marks 单引号 ∞ infinity 无限大号 double quotation marks 双引号 ∝ varies as 与…成比例 ( ) parentheses 圆括号 √ (square) root 平方根 [ ] square brackets 方括号 ∵ because 因为 《 》 French quotes 法文引号;书名号 ∴ hence 所以 ... ellipsis 省略号 ∷ equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例 ¨ tandem colon 双点号 ∠ angle 角 ditto 双点号 ⌒ semicircle 半圆 ‖ parallel 双线号 ⊙ circle 圆 ／ virgule 斜线号 ○ circumference 圆周 ＆ ampersand = and π pi 圆周率 ～ swung dash 代字号 △ triangle 三角形 § division 分节号 ⊥ perpendicular to 垂直于 → arrow 箭号；参见号 ∪ union of 并，合集 ＋ plus 加号；正号 ∩ intersection of 交，通集 － minus 减号；负号 ∫ the integral of …的积分 ± plus or minus 正负号 ( ∑ sigma) summation of 总和 × is multiplied by 乘号 ° degree 度 ÷ is divided by 除号 ′ minute 分 ＝ is equal to 等于号 ″ second 秒 ≠ is not equal to 不等于号 ＃ number …号 ≡ is equivalent to 全等于号 ℃ Celsius system 摄氏度 ≌ is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号 ＠ at 单价&R’ R prime R” R double prime, R second prime R1 R sub one 100° C one hundred degrees Centigrade + positive - negative ′ times ? divided by ± plus or minus = equals o is identically equal to ? is approximately equal to ( ) parentheses [ ] square brackets { } braces a＞＞b a is much greater than b a3 b a is greater than or equal to b aμ b a varies directly as b lognX logX to the base n the cubic root of x the nth root of x x2 x square, x squared, the square of x Xn X x to the power n x -8 x to the minus eighth power ? x? the absolute value of x the mean value of X the sum of summation of D x or d x the increment of x dx differential x dy/dx the first derivative of y with respect to x ò integral ￥ infinity 1/2 one half 2/3 two thirds 5/123 five over a hundred and twenty-three eight an eight and three quarters 0.01 O point O nought point nought one 6 % 6 percent 3‰ 3 per mille 2 : 3 the ratio of two to three r=xd r equals x multiplied by d 5′ 2=10 five times two equals ten x3/8=y2 x raised to the third power divided by eight equals y squared (a+b-c′ d)/e=f a plus b minus c multiplied by d, all divided by e equals f y = (Wt-W)/x y equals W sub t minus W over x&&幂次方通常用power表示.例如:10的7次方:the seventh power of ten或ten to the seventh power.任何一个数都可以表示成X乘以10的Y次方,即X times the Yth(或根据情况改为nd, rd) power of ten. & a的平方：a square or a squared
& a的立方：a cube or b cubed
& a的4次方：a to the fourth
& a的-1次方：a to the minus one
& log a: common logarithm
& ln a: natural logarithm
& f(a): the function of a
& |a|: the absolute value of a
& sin: sine
& cos: cosine
& tan: tangent
& ctg: cotangent
& sec: secant
& csc: cosecant
& n!: the factorial of n 公理 axiom 定理 theorem 计算 calculation 运算 operation 证明 prove 假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.) 命题 proposition 算术 arithmetic 加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.) 被加数 augend, summand 加数 addend 和 sum 减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数 minuend 减数 subtrahend 差 remainder 乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数 multiplicand, faciend 乘数 multiplicator 积 product 除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除数 dividend 除数 divisor 商 quotient 等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to 大于 is greater than 小于 is lesser than 大于等于 is equal or greater than 小于等于 is equal or lesser than 运算符 operator 数字 digit 数 number 自然数 natural number 整数 integer 小数 decimal 小数点 decimal point 分数 fraction 分子 numerator 分母 denominator 比 ratio 正 positive 负 negative 零 null, zero, nought, nil 十进制 decimal system 二进制 binary system 十六进制 hexadecimal system 权 weight, significance 进位 carry 截尾 truncation 四舍五入 round 下舍入 round down 上舍入 round up 有效数字 significant digit 无效数字 insignificant digit 代数 algebra 公式 formula, formulae(pl.) 单项式 monomial 多项式 polynomial, multinomial 系数 coefficient 未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式 equation 一次方程 simple equation 二次方程 quadratic equation 三次方程 cubic equation 四次方程 quartic equation 不等式 inequation 阶乘 factorial 对数 logarithm 指数，幂 exponent 乘方 power 二次方，平方 square 三次方，立方 cube 四次方 the power of four, the fourth power n次方 the power of n, the nth power 开方 evolution, extraction 二次方根，平方根 square root 三次方根，立方根 cube root 四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root n次方根 the root of n, the nth root 集合 aggregate 元素 element 空集 void 子集 subset 交集 intersection 并集 union 补集 complement 映射 mapping 函数 function 定义域 domain, field of definition 值域 range 常量 constant 变量 variable 单调性 monotonicity 奇偶性 parity 周期性 periodicity 图象 image 数列，级数 series 微积分 calculus 微分 differential 导数 derivative 极限 limit 无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.) 无穷小 infinitesimal 积分 integral 定积分 definite integral 不定积分 indefinite integral 有理数 rational number 无理数 irrational number 实数 real number 虚数 imaginary number 复数 complex number 矩阵 matrix 行列式 determinant 几何 geometry 点 point 线 line 面 plane 体 solid 线段 segment 射线 radial 平行 parallel 相交 intersect 角 angle 角度 degree 弧度 radian 锐角 acute angle 直角 right angle 钝角 obtuse angle 平角 straight angle 周角 perigon 底 base 边 side 高 height 三角形 triangle 锐角三角形 acute triangle 直角三角形 right triangle 直角边 leg 斜边 hypotenuse 勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形 obtuse triangle 不等边三角形 scalene triangle 等腰三角形 isosceles triangle 等边三角形 equilateral triangle 四边形 quadrilateral 平行四边形 parallelogram 矩形 rectangle 长 length 宽 width 菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形 square 梯形 trapezoid 直角梯形 right trapezoid 等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid 五边形 pentagon 六边形 hexagon 七边形 heptagon 八边形 octagon 九边形 enneagon 十边形 decagon 十一边形 hendecagon 十二边形 dodecagon 多边形 polygon 正多边形 equilateral polygon 圆 circle 圆心 centre(BrE), center(AmE) 半径 radius 直径 diameter 圆周率 pi 弧 arc 半圆 semicircle 扇形 sector 环 ring 椭圆 ellipse 圆周 circumference 周长 perimeter 面积 area 轨迹 locus, loca(pl.) 相似 similar 全等 congruent 四面体 tetrahedron 五面体 pentahedron 六面体 hexahedron 平行六面体 parallelepiped 立方体 cube 七面体 heptahedron 八面体 octahedron 九面体 enneahedron 十面体 decahedron 十一面体 hendecahedron 十二面体 dodecahedron 二十面体 icosahedron 多面体 polyhedron 棱锥 pyramid 棱柱 prism 棱台 frustum of a prism 旋转 rotation 轴 axis 圆锥 cone 圆柱 cylinder 圆台 frustum of a cone 球 sphere 半球 hemisphere 底面 undersurface 表面积 surface area 体积 volume 空间 space 坐标系 coordinates 坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标 x-coordinate 纵坐标 y-coordinate 原点 origin 双曲线 hyperbola 抛物线 parabola 三角 trigonometry 正弦 sine 余弦 cosine 正切 tangent 余切 cotangent 正割 secant 余割 cosecant 反正弦 arc sine 反余弦 arc cosine 反正切 arc tangent 反余切 arc cotangent 反正割 arc secant 反余割 arc cosecant 相位 phase 周期 period 振幅 amplitude 内心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE) 外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE) 旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE) 垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE) 重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE) 内切圆 inscribed circle 外切圆 circumcircle 统计 statistics 平均数 average 加权平均数 weighted average 方差 variance 标准差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例 propotion 百分比 percent 百分点 percentage 百分位数 percentile 排列 permutation 组合 combination 概率，或然率 probability 分布 distribution 正态分布 normal distribution 非正态分布 abnormal distribution 图表 graph 条形统计图 bar graph 柱形统计图 histogram 折线统计图 broken line graph 曲线统计图 curve diagram 扇形统计图 pie diagram &
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