英语句子成分分析_英语句子成分划分练习_米胖阅读
　句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
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英语句子成分分析
　　句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
　　1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如：
　　Students study. (学生学习。)
　　We are friends.(我们是朋友)
　　这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。
　　2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如：
　　Students study. (学生学习。)
　　We are friends. (我们是朋友)
　　这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。
　　3）宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：
　　They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。)
　　I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)
　　这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。
　　4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如：
　　This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)
　　He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。）
　　这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词，它们作定语。
　　5）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如：
　　The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。)
　　I often write to him. (我常给他写信。)
　　The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。)
　　这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。
　　6）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。)
　　通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下：
　　（定语） 主语 （状语） 谓语 （定语） 宾语 （状语）
　　如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.
　　(The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday
英语句子成分划分练习
　　英语语法——英语句子成分分析
　　句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
　　第一讲 英语句子成分
　　通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下：
　　（定语） 主语 （状语） 谓语 （定语） 宾语 （状语）
　　如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.
　　(The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday..
　　英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语（核心：主动词）
　　英语句子成分哥：
　　英语句子八大块， & & & & & & & 主谓宾表真实在；
　　补语跟着宾语表语跑， & & & & & 定语同位（语）专把名词踹。
　　状语的位置自由自在， & & & & & 忽右忽左随心所欲摆。
　　I．八大成分的概念和构成
　　一、主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，一般放于句首。
　　充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式8）介词短语（少见）
　　形式主语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）
　　1）If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.
　　不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。
　　The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.
　　成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。
　　二、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面
　　谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）
　　I have a dream.
　　You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.
　　所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。
　　三、宾语：行为或活动的对象，接受者或受影响者。放在及物动词或者介词之后
　　You don’t find opportunities…you make them.
　　你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。
　　You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.
　　如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。
　　充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式
　　形式宾语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）
　　四、表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后)
　　构成形式：1）名词2）形容词3）代词4）数词5）不定式6）ing形式7）过去分词8）副词9）介词短语10）小品词11）名词从句
　　Time is money.
　　Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.
　　你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。
　　五、．补语：补充说明。（由动词类别来决定）
　　构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）形容词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词小品词10）名词从句
　　主语补语
　　Tom was made monitor.
　　宾语补语
　　I made Tom monitor.
　　表语补语
　　I am sure to succeed.
　　六、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面
　　7. This is beautiful music.
　　There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.
　　自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。
　　构成形式：1）限定词2）形容词3）名词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词10）关系从句
　　七、.同位语：对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。
　　Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.
　　构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）名词从句
　　八、状语：状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前，修饰词，短语，从句和整句。位置：自由自在。
　　1）修饰性状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词等（时间，地点，肯定，否定，程度，频度，方式，伴随，原因，目的，比较等）。
　　Can you feel the love tonight?
　　Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.
　　只有出走又回家时，家才最感亲切。
　　2）连接性状语：连接上下文（顺序，递进，转折，让步，结果，推论，比较）。
　　First comes spring, then summer.
　　I’ve never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it.
　　3)评述性状语：修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法或态度。
　　Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.
　　II．成分关系
　　1．补语跟着宾语表语跑：
　　补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补。把有宾补的句子变成被动语态，则宾补就变成了主补。
　　To love others makes us happy…to love ourselves makes us lonely.（宾补）
　　We are made happy to love others…we are made lonely to love ourselves.（主补）
　　爱他人使我们幸福，在自己使我们孤单。
　　2．定语，同位（语）专把名词踹：
　　定语，同位语修饰名词性形式
　　Experience is the best teacher.（被定语所修饰的形式为名词）
　　They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.（同位语所修饰的形式为名词）
　　3．谓语动词由状语修饰
　　When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either.
　　你想摘下天上的星星，可能一个也摘不下；但也不会一无所获。
　　1、主语：
　　(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。
　　如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)
　　(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
　　如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)
　　(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)
　　(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried,doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)
　　(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)
　　(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾；倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如：Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿？) / Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗？)
　　(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)
　　(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。
　　2、谓语：
　　(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如：
　　He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /
　　(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成：［情态动词］+［时态助动词］+［语态助动词］+［主要动词］(不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表)　记住：谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如：
　　I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止
　　禽流感蔓延。)
　　(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。
　　记住使用下列正确形式：
　　①情态动词+原形动词。如：You’d better go over the lesson.（你最好复习这一课。）
　　②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如：They should have been there once.（他们应该去过那儿。）
　　③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什么？）/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。）
　　④have+过去分词。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（意思同上）
　　⑤一般时问句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形动词。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.（他日子过的不好。）/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?（你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗？）
　　⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做个兽医。）/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.（自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”（他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着：圣诞快乐！）/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.（古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。）
　　(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。
　　(5)谓语动词单复数形式：单数形式的动词有：is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”；复数形式的动词有：are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。
　　记住：主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。（参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：”） Air and water is necessary to us all.(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。)
　　(6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,have,do以及变形)。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗？----是的。)
　　3、宾语：
　　(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。)(不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。)(动名词作宾语) / I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。)(从句作宾语)
　　(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗？)
　　(3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如：What did he see? (他看见了什么？) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什么写的信？) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么写的信？)
　　(4)“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如：Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put away the shoes. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来。)
　　(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构：
　　①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如：He often gives me some help. (他常常帮我。)
　　②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如： Please make me a kite. (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me.
　　(6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如：I found the job rather difficult. (我发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.
　　(7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”。
　　4、表语：
　　(1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如：He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中毕业他当上了医生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡胶轮子在那边。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(谁呀？)
　　(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。
　　(3) 代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如：It’s I. (It’s me.)是我。
　　(4) 只能作表语的形容词有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) / Pleas the baby is asleep.(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才这样想的。)
　　(5) 表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”。
　　5、定语：
　　(1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如：Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。)
　　(2) 单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序：
　　限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍和材料，作用类别靠后靠。
　　冠词/物代年龄/形状/大小/温度色彩来源质地/材料目的/用途
　　被修饰的名词(中心词)
　　(3) 时间副词(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地点副词(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作定语时放在被修饰的名词后面。如：I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那儿。)
　　(4) 介词短语修饰名词时只能放在名词的后面：The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (笼子里的猴子是昨天逮着的。)
　　(5) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,往往后置。如：He remembered everything unusual. (他记得所有不寻常的事情。)
　　(6) 定语还可以用从句充当,详见 定语从句。
　　(7) 注意：由于定语属于修饰性的成分,因此它常归入主语、宾语、表语之中,不作为句子的主要成分。
　　6、状语：
　　(1) 说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。如：I was not born yesterday.（我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。）/ For many of these families a college education was something new.（对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物。）/ He woke up to find his house on fire.(他醒来发现房子着火了。) / You cannot leave until your work is finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能离开)
　　(2) 副词作状语位置较为灵活;介词短语作状语,位置基本固定；不定式作状语,一般表示目的、结果；从句作状语.
　　(3) 多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念。如：He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.(他昨夜22点3刻从房间里出来,然后消失在黑暗之中。) /
　　(4) 状语还可以用从句来充当,有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等。详见“状语从句”。
　　(5) 注意：由于状语属于修饰性的成分,常归入谓语,因此不作为句子的主要成分。
　　7、宾语补足语：
　　(1) 补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式(不定式、现在分词、过去分词等)、介词短语等充当。如：Call him Jim, please. (请叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him happy. (我竭尽所能让他开心。) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (请他明天来。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him. (他让小动物们给他带食物来。)
　　(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副词也可以作宾语补足语。如：Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你说,让他进来！)/ Please put it away. (请把它收起来。)
　　(3) 不定式或分词作宾语补足语
高中英语句子成分分析
　　高中英语句子成分
　　一、句子成分
　　(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
　　(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
　　During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
　　We often speak English in class.(代词)
　　One-third of the students in this claare girls.(数词)
　　To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
　　Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
　　The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
　　When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
　　It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
　　(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
　　1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
　　2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
　　(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
　　Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
　　Is it yours?(代词)
　　The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
　　The speech is exciting.(分词)
　　Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
　　His job is to teach English.(不定式)
　　His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
　　The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
　　Time is up. The clais over.(副词)
　　The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
　　(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
　　They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
　　The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
　　How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
　　They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
　　He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
　　I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
　　I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
　　宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
　　(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
　　His father named him Dongming.(名词)
　　They painted their boat white.(形容词)
　　Let the fresh air in.(副词)
　　You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
　　We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
　　We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
　　We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
　　(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
　　Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
　　China is
America is a developed country.(分词)
　　There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
　　His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代词)
　　Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
　　The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
　　He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
　　(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
　　Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
　　He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
　　He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
　　He is in the room ma-ki-ng a model plane.(分词短语)
　　Wait a minute.(名词)
　　Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
　　状语种类如下:
　　How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)
　　Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
　　I shall go there if it doesn't rain.(条件状语)
　　Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
　　She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
　　She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
　　In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
　　He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
　　She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
　　I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
　　练习一
　　一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
　　1. The students got on the school bus.
　　2. He handed me the newspa-pe-r.
　　3. I shall answer your question after class.
　　4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
　　5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
　　6. His job is to train swimmers.
　　7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
　　8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
　　9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
　　10. His wish is to become a scientist.
　　11. He managed to finish the work in time.
　　12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
　　13. He found it important to master English.
　　14. Do you have anything else to say?
　　15. T your pronunciation is not so good.
　　16. Would you please tell me your address?
　　17. He sat there, reading a newspa-pe-r.
　　18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
　　19. He noticed a man enter the room.
　　20. The apples tasted sweet.
　　二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(-)、谓语(=)、宾语(~):
　　I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
　　三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(-)、状语(=)、补语(~):
　　Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat - too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
　　四、选择填空:
　　( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
　　A. Now there the man B. The man here now
　　C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now
　　( ) 2. The weather ____.
　　A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold
　　( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
　　A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet
　　( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
　　A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter
　　( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
　　A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded
　　( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
　　A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we
　　( )7. He found the street much ______.
　　A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly
　　( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
　　A. its B. it C. that D. that is
　　( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
　　A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked
　　( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
　　A. that B. when C. in which D. where
英语语法句子成分分析
一、英语中的句子成分分析
I&& met&& my&& best&& friend&& Tom at the ststion yesterday.
主语 谓语&&& 定语&&& 宾语&&&&& 同位语&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 状语
1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，常用名词、数词或代词担任（是全句谈论的中心话题）。例：
(1) Students& syudy.（名词）&&&&&&
(2)We are fridends.（代词）
(3)To go to good university is his first goal.（不定式）
(4)Doing morning exercise is good for your health.（动名词）
(5)Jane is good at playing the piano.
(6)She went out in a hurry.
(7)Four plus four is eight.
(8)To see is to believe.
(9)Smoking is bad for health.
(10)The young should respect the old.
(11)What he has said is true.
2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面（主语做什么了、怎么了）。例：
(1)Students study.（实意动词）
(2)We are friends.（be动词）
(3)We love China.
(4)We have finished reading this book.
(5)He can speak English.（复合谓语）
(6)She seems tired.
(7)I saw the flag on the top of the hill.
(8)He looked after two orphans.
3、宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或代词担任，放在及物动词或代词之后（动作的对象，目标；位于及物动词之后）。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。例：
(a)He &&gave& &me &&some books.
间接宾语&&&&& 直接宾语
(b)Please pass me the book.
(c)He bought me some flowers.
(1)They are teachers.
(2)I play with him.
(3)We love watching football games.
(4)He is dong her homework now.
(5)I like my job.
(6)I love you.
(7)He wanted to leave here.
(8)They enjoyed playing football games.
注：位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语。
4、宾语补足语：是对宾语进行补充说明，宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。例：
(1)I found the book interesting.
(2)Do you smell something burning?
(3)He made himself known to them.
(4)She asked me to lend her a hand.
(5)Please make yourself at home.
(6)Please keep the dog out.
(7)We must keep it a secret.&
主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语变成主补。例：
(1)I last saw him playing near the river.→He was last seen playing near the river.
(2)The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam.
→The student was caught cheating in the exam.
(3)We made him monitor.→He was made monitor.
(4)He pushed the door open.→The door was pushed open.
5、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任（是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词）。形容词放在名词前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词之后。例：
(1)This is a red sun.
(2)The black bike is mine.
(3)He is a tall boy.
(4)She is a chemistry teacher.
(5)The man in bllue is my brother.
(6)The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.
(7)The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.
6、状语：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分，常由副词担任。修饰动词的可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词的放在它们之前。例：
(1)The students study hard.
(2)I often write to him.
(3)The bag is too heavy.
(4)I will be back in a while.
(5)They are playing on the playground.
(6)He was late because he got up late.
(7)He got up so late that he missed the train.
(8)I waited to see you.
(9)He often went to school by bus.
(10)His parents died,leaving him an orphan.
(11)Please call me if it is necessary.
(12)This book is very interesting.
(13)He went to school in spite of his illness.
(14)He always comes late to school.
7、表语：系动词后的部分就是表语，表语是用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。
常见的系动词有：
be(am,is,are,were,was),aapear,look,seem
feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go etc.系动词不用于被动语态。例：
(1)&&& This table is long.
(2)&&& The apple tastes sweet.
(3)&&& The war was over.
(4)&&& They seem to know the truth.
(5)&&& Time is precious.
(6)&&& I’m not quite myself today.
(7)&&& Who was the first?
(8)&&& He is out of condition.
(9)&&& The book is what I need.
通常情况下，主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间作状语放在句子的后面。
（定语）主语（状语）谓语（定语）宾语（状语）。
(1)(The tall)boy(often)go(to the big)zoo.
(2)(The happy)child-went(his)home yesterday.
英语句子成分歌：
&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 英语句子八呀八大块，& 主谓宾表真呀真实在；
&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 补语跟着宾语标语跑，& 定语同位（语）专把名词踹。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 状语的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左随心所欲摆。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 浑身的毛病真呀真不少，前后乱窜它还会加塞。
英语五种基本句型： 基本句型一：S+V&&&&&& （主+谓）
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 基本句型二：S+V+P&&&&& (主+系+表)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 基本句型三：S+V+O&&&&& (主+谓+宾)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 基本句型四：S+V+o+O&&& (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 基本句型五：S+V+O+P&&& (主+谓+宾+宾补)
is working
What he said
does not matter
write smoothly
Everything
English everday
are playing
“Good morning”.
a pen yesterday
my picture
to wash the plates
going into your room
从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独做一个句子。英语中主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，定语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句，包括时间，结果，条件，目的，原因，让步，地点，方式等）
1、&&& 主从作主语，例：That the earth is round is truth.
2、&&& 宾从作宾语，例：Do you know where he lives?
3、&&& 表从左表语，：My opinion is that you should not go alone.
(一)主语从句
一、1、定义：作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2、引导词：主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导，that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例：
(1)What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
(2)Who will won the match is still unknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
(3)It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
(4)Where the English evening will be held is has not yet been announced.
& 英语晚会将在那里举行，还没有宣布。
二、1、找主语从句时，先找到句子的谓语，主句的谓语前面的从句，就是主语从句。
(1)Why he left&& wasn’t&&& important.
主语从句&& 主句的谓语动词
(2)That he became an artist&& may have been due&& to her father’s influence.
主语从句&&&& 主句的谓语动词
2、that引导的主语从句可以放在主语的位置，这时that不可省略。例：
That prices will go up is certain.
3、that主语从句放在句首的情况不是很常见，绝大部分主语从句都借助形式主语it，主语从句放在后面。
(1)It is strange that he knows nothing about it.
(2)It is a pity that he can’t swim.
(3)It happened that he wasn’t in that day.
(4)It is said that there has been an earthquake in India.
在口语中,用it作形式主语是，主语从句的that可以省略。
4、有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
(1)It+be+名词+that从句
(2)It+be+形容词+that从句
(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句
(4)It+不及物动词+that从句
注意：主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“should+do”，常用的句型有：
(1) It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that…
(2) It’s a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc)that…
(3) It is suggested(required,proposed,desired,etc)that…
5、wh-疑问词引导的主语从句，可以放在句首(1)，也可以借助形式主语it(2)。
(1)When he’ll be back depends much on the weather.
& How it was done was a mystery.
& Whether we’ll succeed remains to be seen.
(2)It is uncertain whether the game will be held.
& It’s a puzzle now life began.
& It doesn’t matter much where we live.
& Is it known where he went?
（二）定语从句
一、1、定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在所修饰的先行词后面。
2、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；
关系副词有where,when,why等。
关系词常有3个作用：（1）引导定语从句，（2）代替先行词，（3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句：
1、who指人，在从句中作主语。
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yersterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2、whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1)Mr. Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus.
(2)Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3、which指物，在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。
(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2)This is the pen which he bought yersterday.
4、that指人时相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中作主语或者宾语，作宾语时可省略。
(1)The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(2)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
小学英语句子成分分析
　　文章是由句子有机组合而成的。单词好比语言的一个个零散的部件，只有组成了句子才有真正的意义。因此，读懂句子是读懂文章的基础，也是我们做对题目的关键。当然，读懂句子需要我们具备一定的语法知识，而语法又是让同学们感到最为头痛东西。但是我们要知道，在英语文章阅读中，语法归根结底是为我们读懂文章而服务的，只要能够掌握基本的语法规律，无障碍的读懂复杂的句子，语法的任务就圆满的完成了。那些挣扎并纠结在复杂语法中的同学们则是掉进了语法学习的误区。下面就来介绍句子的基本结构以及读懂句子的快捷方法。
　　英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句，就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句，下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。
　　1、简单句
　　简单句，即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况，英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语)，有时候还有宾语；而且除了倒装句等特殊句型，一般情况下，主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的，不可能宾语跑到谓语前面，或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上，英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式：
　　主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语；I hate grammar.
　　主语 + 谓语(不及物动词)； & & Grammar sucks.
　　主语 + 系动词 + 表语 & & & & Grammar is hell.
　　所以，我们在阅读句子的时候，不管句子有多长，不管是并列句还是复合句，都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语（或表语），有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句子的基本意思就清楚了。
　　2、并列句
　　并列句就是两个或以上的简单句，由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词：and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise，but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子，一般情况下是以连词为界限，将句子分成前、后几个部分，并分别来分析，各句的意思一般可以单独理解，最后将各句合并即可。
　　I hate grammar, / while he loves it. （以while为界，可分为前后两个小句子）
　　3、 主从复合句
　　主从复合句即是复杂句，它也是由两个以上的句子构成。与并列不同的是，各分句之间的意思是紧密相连的，所以我们不能简单地把各个句子拆开来看，而必须将各分句综合起来进行理解。有时候，分句里面有可能还包含分句。
　　说到从句，我们还要介绍一下英语中的三大从句：名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句。三大从句之下又包括纷繁复杂的从句形式：
　　名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句， 同位语从句
　　形容词性从句（定语从句）：限制性，非限制性
　　副词性从句（状语从句）：时间，地点，原因，条件，目的，让步，方式，结果
　　看到这里，可能有些同学又会产生抵触情绪了，其实这些细致的划分我们可以跳过，对于具体句子中的从句如何解决其实很简单，你只需知道从句做什么成分就可以了，从句做什么成分，就是个什么功能的从句。
　　The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone. （表语）
　　What the ugly man chooses is living alone.（主语）
　　We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.（宾语）
　　The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone. （同位语）
　　The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.（定语）
　　Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.（状语）
　　在阅读这样的复杂句的时候，首先要找出主句或从句从哪儿开始，到哪儿结束，首先理解主句的意思，最后再把从句的内容与主句综合起来。
　　介绍完句子结构，就该说说复杂句子的解决方法了，那就是优先提取主干法。这种方法顾名思义就是先把句子的主干提取，因为主干是句子的精髓所在，然后再看其他补充或修饰的成分。
　　One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was 【that [ what in previous years had been referred to as the &American&, &native&, or, occasionally, &New York& school (---the most representative school of American art in any genre--- ) 主语从句] ( had by 1890) was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school. 表语从句】
　　首先找到句子主干成分：&One of the results was...&很明显的主系表结构，that 引导的显然是个表语从句，表语从句中又有一个由What引导的主语从句，主干结构是&...was firmly established.& 最后再加上修饰成分，句子就很容易分析了，也可以轻而易举的翻译并理解了：两个派别斗争的结果之一是：直到1890年，这个曾经被称作&美国的&、&本土的&、或者偶尔被称作是&纽约的&美国艺术题材中最有代表性的学派，以哈德逊河学派命名被稳固的建立在批评家和公众的思想之中了。
　　优先提取主干是一个很有效地方法，如果我们具备了基本的句子结构知识，了解了句子的成分构成，先提取主干，抓住句子精髓，再看从句和其他部分，理清各个部分之间的关系，任何复杂的句子也就迎刃而解了。
中考英语句子成分分析
　　中考英语 英语句子成分分析
　　1英语句子成分讲座·主语
　　句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。
　　■名词作主语
　　English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
　　The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
　　■代词作主语
　　They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
　　Most of the students come from the countryside. 大多数学生来自农村。
　　■动名词作主语
　　Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
　　It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
　　■动词不定式(短语)作主语
　　To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
　　It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。
　　2.英语句子成分讲座·谓语
　　谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
　　■及物动词作谓语
　　We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
　　They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。
　　All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
　　Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?
　　■不及物动词作谓语
　　He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。
　　You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
　　The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。
　　He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于1988年9月出国。
　　■连系动词表状态
　　He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师。
　　Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。
　　Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。
　　The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
　　3.英语句子成分讲座·表语
　　表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：
　　They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。
　　What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。
　　Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。
　　John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。
　　The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
　　The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。
　　All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你只需从机场打个的即可。
　　My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。
　　4.英语句子成分讲座·宾语
　　宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如：
　　I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。
　　I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。
　　I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。
　　Have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了吗?
　　He certainly did not want to join them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。
　　They decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境。
　　We hoped that all would come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。
　　We expected that you would stay for a few days. 我们预计你会待几天的。
01 英语句子成分分析
02 英语句子成分划分练习
03 高中英语句子成分分析
04 英语语法句子成分分析
05 小学英语句子成分分析
06 中考英语句子成分分析