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广告经营许可证 | 豫B2- | 增值电信业务经营许可证 豫B2-德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图
<img src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7Djg87FbwX3GNyuj44QO3lDKzxFVEVGGibuQvHaJAWA9laypPibnJc2FpB7KFTzz1XPO4mhEjS6udmQ/0?tp=webp" STYLE="margin: 0px 0px 6 padding: 0 width: 668. height: auto !"
ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
LORENZ Oken (), was a German transcendental naturalist,
philosopher & physician. Born Okenfuss, the son of a farmer, he
simplified his name to Oken while at medical school in Freiburg,
Bavaria. From professor of Medicine at the University of Jena, he
soon turned to philosophy & the natural sciences, publishing a
controversial journal “Isis “ for almost 30 years.
劳伦兹奥肯（），是德国先验的自然主义者，哲学家和医生。原来姓奥肯佛兹，一个农民的儿子，他在巴伐利亚的弗莱堡医学院学习时，简化了他的姓为奥肯。在耶那大学的医学教授引导下，他很快就转向了哲学和自然科学，在30年间写作出版“ISIS”——一本有争议的杂志。
<img DATA-W="506" DATA-RATIO="1.7075" DATA-S="300,640" DATA-TYPE="jpeg" DATA-src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaA3eiaS9v8nu3lEPaPYkK22fn64IzLDTiapL77gjCEsFCSFd2Wz7efU98Q/0" SRC="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaA3eiaS9v8nu3lEPaPYkK22fn64IzLDTiapL77gjCEsFCSFd2Wz7efU98Q/640?tp=webp" STYLE="margin: 0 padding: 0 max-width: 100%; height: auto ! box-sizing: border-box ! word-wrap: break-word ! width: auto ! visibility: visible !"
ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
<img DATA-W="506" DATA-RATIO="1.7668" DATA-S="300,640" DATA-TYPE="jpeg" DATA-src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaAZs9PibANx4972g79EhjGOhiby0u41tc5ydQ1pSZUt44jcfIibPRYlW1gA/0" SRC="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaAZs9PibANx4972g79EhjGOhiby0u41tc5ydQ1pSZUt44jcfIibPRYlW1gA/640?tp=webp" STYLE="margin: 0 padding: 0 max-width: 100%; height: auto ! box-sizing: border-box ! word-wrap: break-word ! width: auto ! visibility: visible !"
ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
Egg Collection In his major encyclopedia of nature, Allgemeine
Naturgeschichte f&r alle St&nde (A general natural history for
everyone), German naturalist Lorenz Oken () grouped
animals based not on science, but philosophy. Nevertheless, his
encyclopedia proved to be a popular and enduring work. Here Oken is
illustrating variation in egg color and markings found among water
在他的自然大百科全书中，蛋的收集是很重要的。不同于一般的自然历史科学家，劳伦兹奥肯（）分组动物不是基于科学，而是哲学。然而，他的百科全书被证明是一种流行的和持久的工作。这里举例水鸟们的变异卵的颜色和斑纹。
<img DATA-W="506" DATA-RATIO="1.6086" DATA-S="300,640" DATA-TYPE="jpeg" DATA-src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaAhzvwyTicicCZzBicSkMCf3nQNqDNRibiaDwMcm0Ypia2WBPzyAB25J67UHGA/0" SRC="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaAhzvwyTicicCZzBicSkMCf3nQNqDNRibiaDwMcm0Ypia2WBPzyAB25J67UHGA/640?tp=webp" STYLE="margin: 0 padding: 0 max-width: 100%; height: auto ! box-sizing: border-box ! word-wrap: break-word ! width: auto ! visibility: visible !"
ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
<img DATA-W="506" DATA-RATIO="1.5493" DATA-S="300,640" DATA-TYPE="jpeg" DATA-src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaADTBHrWxACwYxB8klyIIYdia85YCoMmakPvTyg2dNhCd9LAiaCf7KYNhg/0" SRC="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaADTBHrWxACwYxB8klyIIYdia85YCoMmakPvTyg2dNhCd9LAiaCf7KYNhg/640?tp=webp" STYLE="margin: 0 padding: 0 max-width: 100%; height: auto ! box-sizing: border-box ! word-wrap: break-word ! width: auto ! visibility: visible !"
ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
<img DATA-W="506" DATA-RATIO="1.846" DATA-S="300,640" DATA-TYPE="jpeg" DATA-src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaA6Xd0icnv95VazIqJKOJ3icnXCKsuxwB30fiasb6TBjdSjRlcicWnjRTbTQ/0" SRC="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaA6Xd0icnv95VazIqJKOJ3icnXCKsuxwB30fiasb6TBjdSjRlcicWnjRTbTQ/640?tp=webp" STYLE="margin: 0 padding: 0 max-width: 100%; height: auto ! box-sizing: border-box ! word-wrap: break-word ! width: auto ! visibility: visible !"
ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
<img DATA-W="506" DATA-RATIO="1.0752" DATA-S="300,640" DATA-TYPE="jpeg" DATA-src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaADVW4PokEXKF7y4OOdm1sAl7u7MNZGn7Nx9RlPWgSHk6Ay5YgUaPiaNw/0" SRC="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaADVW4PokEXKF7y4OOdm1sAl7u7MNZGn7Nx9RlPWgSHk6Ay5YgUaPiaNw/640?tp=webp" STYLE="margin: 0 padding: 0 max-width: 100%; height: auto ! box-sizing: border-box ! word-wrap: break-word ! width: auto ! visibility: visible !"
ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
<img DATA-W="506" DATA-RATIO="1.9446" DATA-S="300,640" DATA-TYPE="jpeg" DATA-src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaAXn5wNRQmZeQ8J979KEWOw83o1VbfwTuxIvRjWb9iaiaUiarEhnOpym9Fw/0" SRC="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaAXn5wNRQmZeQ8J979KEWOw83o1VbfwTuxIvRjWb9iaiaUiarEhnOpym9Fw/640?tp=webp" STYLE="margin: 0 padding: 0 max-width: 100%; height: auto ! box-sizing: border-box ! word-wrap: break-word ! width: auto ! visibility: visible !"
ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
Lorenz Oken published a small work entitled Grundriss der
Naturphilosophie, der Theorie der Sinne, mit der darauf gegr&ndeten
Classification der Thiere (1802). This was the first of a series of
works which established him as a leader of the movement of
"Naturphilosophie" in Germany.
劳伦兹出版了一本小书，题为自然哲学概论（1802）。这是一个系列的第一个作品，确立了他作为一个“自然哲学”运动的领袖在德国。
In it he extended to physical science the philosophical principles
which Immanuel Kant () had applied to epistemology and
morality. Oken had been preceded in this by Gottlieb Fichte
(), who, acknowledging that Kant had discovered the
materials for a universal science, declared that all that was
needed was a systematic coordination of these materials. Fichte
undertook this task in his "Doctrine of Science"
(Wissenschaftslehre), whose aim was to construct all knowledge by a
priori means. This attempt, which was merely sketched out by
Fichte, was further elaborated by the philosopher Friedrich
Schelling (). Oken built on Schelling's work, producing a
synthesis of what he held Schelling to have
在书中，他扩展到自然科学的哲学原理由康德（）提出的认识论和道德。
Oken produced the seven-volume series Allgemeine Naturgeschichte
f&r alle St&nde, with engravings by Johann Susemihl (),
and published in Stuttgart by Hoffman between 1839 and
奥肯创作了七卷自然哲学书籍，约翰苏塞米尔创作版画（1767&1847），并由霍夫曼出版社发表在斯图加特——1839和184l之间。
<img DATA-W="506" DATA-RATIO="1.2134" DATA-S="300,640" DATA-TYPE="jpeg" DATA-src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaAVKuaQHtK9HME2iaKx3SiaiaVfAzRE2UBEpRGGgqDkAzZ95ABBtZ98Jl4A/0" SRC="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaAVKuaQHtK9HME2iaKx3SiaiaVfAzRE2UBEpRGGgqDkAzZ95ABBtZ98Jl4A/640?tp=webp" STYLE="margin: 0 padding: 0 max-width: 100%; height: auto ! box-sizing: border-box ! word-wrap: break-word ! width: auto ! visibility: visible !"
ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
<img DATA-W="506" DATA-RATIO="1.1936" DATA-S="300,640" DATA-TYPE="jpeg" DATA-src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaAicFjcVHtlgG6h6DWbE8LDOibqJUTlhr5YsVUtbTmJV6oeECyzOP1HJeg/0" SRC="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaAicFjcVHtlgG6h6DWbE8LDOibqJUTlhr5YsVUtbTmJV6oeECyzOP1HJeg/640?tp=webp" STYLE="margin: 0 padding: 0 max-width: 100%; height: auto ! box-sizing: border-box ! word-wrap: break-word ! width: auto ! visibility: visible !"
ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
<img DATA-W="506" DATA-RATIO="1.569" DATA-S="300,640" DATA-TYPE="jpeg" DATA-src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaASMQoaDbAkNpkI7VOia1fX1QGDYB5VXiafWZjgpbGgpWQ5zOibJqmTycoA/0" SRC="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaASMQoaDbAkNpkI7VOia1fX1QGDYB5VXiafWZjgpbGgpWQ5zOibJqmTycoA/640?tp=webp" STYLE="margin: 0 padding: 0 max-width: 100%; height: auto ! box-sizing: border-box ! word-wrap: break-word ! width: auto ! visibility: visible !"
ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
Grundriss der Naturphilosophie
of 1802 Oken sketched the outlines of the scheme he afterwards
devoted himself to perfecting. The position advanced in that work,
to which he continued to adhere, is that "the animal classes are
virtually nothing else than a representation of the sense-organs,
and that they must be arranged in accordance with them."
Consequently, Oken contended that there are only five animal
在1802年的《自然哲学》中，他为物种的分类，后来致力于完善，不过他对物种的分类是很有趣的，“动物们的分类不外乎感官区别，因此分类也应该基于此。”他认为动物只有五种分类。
Dermatozoa, or invertebrates 无脊椎动物
Glossozoa, or fish, those animals in which a true tongue makes, for
the first time, its appearance 鱼类，这些有舌头有外形的动物
Rhinozoa, or reptiles, in which the nose opens for the first time
into the mouth and inhales air 爬行动物类，这些是第一次用鼻子呼吸空气的动物。
Otozoa, or birds, in which the ear for the first time opens
externally 鸟类，第一次听力大发展
Ophthalmozoa, or mammals, in which all the organs of sense are
present and complete, the eyes being movable and covered with
lids.哺乳动物类，所有的感觉器官完成，眼睛由眼皮保护着的动物。
<img DATA-W="506" DATA-RATIO="1.569" DATA-S="300,640" DATA-TYPE="jpeg" DATA-src="/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif" real_src ="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaAJZicvBSWXxx2fp6Un4pZMvniaPibjOLb3AiaozeZQK3LQTmTnt0icJe42sA/0" SRC="/mmbiz/HicLFqefLo7APuRsd22CurLYYj93T9fiaAJZicvBSWXxx2fp6Un4pZMvniaPibjOLb3AiaozeZQK3LQTmTnt0icJe42sA/640?tp=webp" STYLE="margin: 0 padding: 0 max-width: 100%; height: auto ! box-sizing: border-box ! word-wrap: break-word ! width: auto ! visibility: visible !"
ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
In 1805 Oken made a further advance in the application of
priori&principle in a book on generation
Zeugung), in which he maintained that "all organic beings
originate from and consist of vesicles or cells. These vesicles,
when singly detached and regarded in their original process of
production, are the infusorial mass or protoplasma (Urschleim)
whence all larger organisms fashion themselves or are evolved.
Their production is therefore nothing else than a regular
agglomeration of Infusoria—not, of course, of species already
elaborated or perfect, but of mucous vesicles or points in general,
which first form themselves by their union or combination into
particular species."
A year after the production of this treatise, Oken developed his
system one stage further, and in a volume published in 1806,
written with the assistance of Dietrich von Kieser (),
entitled&Beitr&ge
zur vergleichenden Zoologie, Anatomie, und Physiologie, he
demonstrated that the intestines originate from the umbilical
vesicle, and that this corresponds to the vitelius or yolk-bag.
Caspar Wolff () had previously claimed to demonstrate this
fact in the chick (Theoria
Generationis, 1774), but he did not see its application as
evidence of a general law. Oken showed the importance of the
discovery as an illustration of his system. In the same work Oken
described and recalled attention to the corpora Wolffiana, or
"primordial kidneys."
（以上自然科学类的翻译起来有难度，希望有朋友可以协助。）
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
In 1816 Oken began publication of his well-known periodical, Isis,
eine encyclop&dische Zeitschrift, vorz&glich f&r Naturgeschichte,
vergleichende Anatomie und Physiologie. In this journal appeared
essays and notices on the natural sciences and other subjects of
poetry, and even comments on the politics of other German
states, were occasionally admitted. This led to representations and
remonstrances from the governments criticized or impugned, and the
court of Weimar called upon Oken either to suppress Isis or resign
his professorship. He chose the latter alternative. The publication
of Isis at Weimar was prohibited. Oken made arrangements for its
issue at Rudolstadt, and this continued uninterruptedly until the
year 1848.
紧接上文，在1816年，奥肯开始出版他的著名期刊：ISIS——一个百科全书类杂志。在这本杂志上出现了自然科学和其他兴趣主题，诗歌，甚至对德国其他省的政治评论。这导致了政府的批评或指责的交涉和抗议，魏玛法院传召奥肯要他选择，要么抑制ISIS的言论，要么辞去教授职位，他选择了后者。在魏玛，ISIS的出版被禁止了。奥肯在鲁多尔重新安排出版，这持续不间断地直到1848年。
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
In 1822 Oken promulgated in Isis the first idea of the annual
general meetings of the German naturalists and medical
practitioners, which was realized in the following year, when the
first meeting was held at Leipzig. The British Association for the
Advancement of Science was at the outset avowedly organized after
the German or Okenian model. In 1828 Oken resumed his original
humble duties as privat docent in the newly established University
of Munich, and soon afterwards he was appointed ordinary professor
in the same university. In 1832, on the proposal by the Bavarian
government to transfer him to a professorship in a provincial
university of the state, he resigned his appointments and left the
kingdom. He was appointed in 1833 to the professorship of natural
history in the then recently established University of Z&rich.
There he continued to reside, fulfilling his professional duties
and promoting the progress of his favourite sciences, until his
1822年，奥肯在ISIS期刊上，组织德国博物学家和医生的年度大会的理念出台，这在一年后实现，第一次会议在莱比锡举行。英国科学促进协会也效仿德国的组织或者奥肯模版。1828年，奥肯恢复了他编外教师的职位，在新成立的慕尼黑大学。不久以后他升职为普通教授。1832年，巴伐利亚政府将他转移到一个省州立大学担任教授，他辞去了他的职务离开了德国。他在1833被任命为自然历史教授在最新成立的苏黎世大学，他在那里继续居住，履行专业职责和促进他最喜欢的科学直到他去世。
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
All of Oken's writings are deductive illustrations of an assumed
principle, which, with other philosophers of the transcendental
school, he deemed equal to the explanation of all the mysteries of
nature. According to him, the head was a repetition of the trunk—a
kind of second trunk, with its limbs
of his observations and comparisons—few of which he ever gave in
detail—ought always to be borne in mind in comparing the share
taken by Oken in homological anatomy with the progress made by
other cultivators of that philosophical branch of the science. The
idea of the analogy between the skull, or parts of the skull, and
the vertebral column had been previously propounded and ventilated
in their lectures by Johann von Autenrieth () and Carl
Kielmeyer (), and in the writings of Johann Frank
(). By Oken it was applied chiefly in illustration of the
mystical system of Schelling—the "all-in-all" and
"all-in-every-part." From the earliest to the latest of Oken's
writings on the subject, "the head is a repetition of the whole
trunk with all its systems: the brai the
cranium is
the mouth is intestine and
the nose is
and the teeth the claws or nails." Johann von Spix () in
his folio Cephalogenesis (1818), richly illustrated comparative
craniology, but presented the facts under the same transcendental
and Georges Cuvier () availed himself of the
extravagances of these disciples of Schelling to cast ridicule on
the whole inquiry into those higher relations of parts to the
archetype which Sir Richard Owen () called "general
homologies."
（请精通自然科学和英语的朋友们帮助翻译啦！）
The vertebral theory of the skull had practically disappeared from
anatomical science when the labours of Cuvier drew to their close.
In Owen's Archetype and Homologies of the Vertebrate Skeleton the
idea was not only revived but worked out for the first time
inductively, and the theory rightly stated, as follows: "The head
is not a virtual equivalent of the trunk, but is only a portion,
i.e. certain modified segments, of the whole body. The jaws are the
'haeinal arches' of th they are not limbs of
the head" (p. 176).
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
Vaguely and strangely, however, as Oken had blended the idea with
his a priori conception of the nature of the head, the chance of
appropriating it seems to have overcome the moral sense of
Goethe—unless indeed the poet deceived himself. Comparative
osteology had early attracted Goethe's attention. In 1786 he
published at Jena his essay Ueber den Zwischenkieferknochen des
Menschen und der Thiere, showing that the intermaxillary bone
existed in man as well as in brutes. But not a word in this essay
gives the remotest hint of his having then possessed the idea of
the vertebral analogies of the skull. In 1820, in his Morphologie,
he first publicly stated that thirty years before the date of that
publication he had discovered the secret relationship between the
vertebrae and the bones of the head, and that he had always
continued to meditate on this subject. The circumstances under
which the poet, in 1820, narrates having become inspired with the
original idea are suspiciously analogous to those described by Oken
in 1807, as producing the same effect on his mind. A bleached skull
is accidentally discovered in both instances: in Oken's it was that
of a deer in the H in Goethe's it was that of a sheep
picked up on the shores of the Lido, at Venice.
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
It may be assumed that Oken, as a Privatdozent at G&ttingen in
1806, knew nothing of this unpublished idea or discovery of Goethe,
and that Goethe first became aware that Oken had the idea of the
vertebral relations of the skull when he listened to the
introductory discourse in which the young professor, invited by the
poet to Jena, selected this very idea for its subject. It is
incredible that Oken, had he adopted the idea from Goethe, or been
aware of an anticipation by him, should have omitted to acknowledge
the source—should not rather have eagerly embraced so appropriate
an opportunity of doing graceful homage to the originality and
genius of his patron.
In 1832, Oken was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences.
在1832年，奥肯被选为皇家瑞典科学学会的外籍成员。
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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ALT="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图"
TITLE="德国自然哲学家Lorenz&Oken的生平和生物学插图" />
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