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＞＞＞I have a cold. I don't feel like _____ anything.[ ] A. t..
I have a cold. I don't feel like _____ anything.&&&&
A. to eat&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. eating&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&C. eat&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D. eats
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“I have a cold. I don't feel like _____ anything.[ ] A. t..”主要考查你对&&动名词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
动名词：如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词，那么这个词称动名词。 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。由于动名词是由动词变化而来，它仍保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的某些变化形式，用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。动名词的结构和形式：动名词的否定结构：动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。如： Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 实验没有成功也比不实验好。 He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。 I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉，没有早给你打电话。 He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。 I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了。（not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式） There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. （no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定）
动名词复合结构：通常情况下，动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不失谓语动的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构，这种结构在句中可以作主语，宾语等。 （1）逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格，作宾语时（尤其在口语中），也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如： Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你看我去会有什么帮助吗？（宾语） The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。（主语） Do you mind my(me) smoking ? 你介意我抽烟吗？（宾语） They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there. 他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。（介词宾语） （2）逻辑主语是无生命名词是，通常只用名词普通格。如： Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? 你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗？ Is there any hope of our team winning the match ? 我们对赢得比赛有希望吗？ (3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时，只用普通格。如： She was woken up by somebody shouting outside. 她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。
动名词的形式（一般式，完成式和被动式）：(1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如： We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。 His coming will be of great help to us . 他来对我们大有帮助。 但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词　after, on,upon, 或for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如： I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。 On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息，母亲就禁不住哭了起来。 Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了，请原谅。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。 (2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。 He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。 We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。 (3)动名词的被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时，用被动语态。如： I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。 She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。 The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。 He doesn’t mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批评。 动名词与现在分词的关系：动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如：Speaking in the public,he will surely be very cheerful .（现在分词短语，作状语）他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。She hates speaking in the public.（动名词短语，作宾语）她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是：①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于“是”，通常把主语和表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变，例如：My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质，不能与主语互换位置，例如：The story is interesting .不可改为：Interesting is the story.2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，两者的区别在于：动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较：①a swimming boy和a swimming suit前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”，即a boy who is swimming，现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作；而后者的意思是“游泳衣”，即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”，即a child who is sleeping，现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态；而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”，即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。动名词用法口诀：动名词常泛指，句法作用宾/表/定与主，时态/语态之形式，一般/完成/被动式。Being done 系被动，不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意，常用it作形式主语，不指未来发生事，表达的信息系已知。用作表语请记清，作用相当一名词，检验方法很简单，主与表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩，表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂，关键留意谓语动词（跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后），时态同谓动作比较，先于谓动用完成式，其逻辑主语不固定，在句中/句外均有之。否定式其前加not，复合式其前加物主词，非句首宾格词也可用，尤其口语中更如此。说明：1、主-----主语 2、宾-----宾语 3、表------表语 4、定------定语 5、谓动---谓语动词
动名词的用法： 一、动名词作主语&1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如： 　　 &&&& Swimming is a good sport in summer. 　　 2. 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 　　 动名词做主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如： It is no use telling him not to worry. 　　 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。 　　 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。 　　 3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如： 　　 There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。 　　&4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： 　　 No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） 　　 No parking. （禁止停车） 　　 5. 动名词的复合结构作主语 　　 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构(这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： 　　&Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 　　 二、动名词作宾语 1.作动词的宾语 　　 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid,& consider, enjoy, finish&&&&& They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走，说个不停。&I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。 　　 Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic &regulations. 　　 每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。 　　&2.作介词的宾语 　　 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.&我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。 　　 Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?&我们休息呢还是开始干活？ 　　 3.作形容词的宾语 　　 The music is well worth listening to more than once.&&这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 　　 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 三、动名词作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语、动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 　　 Your task is cleaning the windows.&& 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) 　　 What I hate most is being laughed at.& 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 四、动名词作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如： 　　 a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking 　　 a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing 　　&a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading 　　 a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring 　　 sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。
动名词使用注意事项：1） 动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2） 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例：I would appreciate you calling back this afternoon.4） 有些词后只能接动名词
understand...5） 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法it’ it’s no/little/hardly any/ it’s not/hardly/ it’ spend money/ there’ there’ there’ what’s the use/point6） 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义截然不容。例：remember to do/doing：①I remembered to post the letters.（指未来/过去未来将要做的动作）②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.（我记得做过这个动作）&forget与remember的用法类似。&regret的用法：①I regret to inform you that…（我很遗憾地通知你……）②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.（为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。）&try to（努力）与try +–ing（试验）：①You really must try to overcome your shyness.②Try practicing five hours a day.
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970361607121664201142405664578936How to Eat Sushi – Sushi Etiquette
I have spent years studying the nuances of Japanese dining and have learned many of the rules for eating
in a traditional restaurant. That said, while there really are no absolute requirements, other than general politeness, there are certain behaviors that may make your dining experience more pleasant, and the staff more attentive and interested in you. While many of the tips that follow may be obvious to some, I hope that they may offer a bit of insight to those who love sushi, but perhaps only have it occasionally.
Please keep in mind that while large, this is not a canonical list, and therefore should be taken as guidance rather than strict advice. You would also do well to not read this sushi guide and then worry every time you go out to eat sushi. Many Japanese do not follow all the rules to a ‘T’ (or even know them) and I would suggest that polite behavior is enough to make a good meal at any restaurant, sushi-ya or not, especially in North America. Again, I don’t mean to put forth these rules as absolutes, only to offer some insight into the depth of tradition that surrounds sushi dining experience. So please interpret this as for informational purposes and not a directive as to how you should behave when you go our for sushi.
Arriving and being seated
It is polite in any restaurant to greet the host or hostess, who may greet you with the traditional “irasshaimase” which means “please come in.” You just need to acknowledge their greeting and are not required to say anything back, other than to answer the questions about your evening (seating, etc).
If you are interested in watching your food
or conversation with the itamae (sushi chef), ask to be seated at the sushi bar, otherwise a table is fine (and the bar better left for those who would prefer the interaction).
If you are seated at the sushi bar, only ask the itamae for sushi. Drinks, soup, and other non-sushi (or ) items are handled only by the waiter/waitress.
Ask the itamae what he would recommend, never ‘is that fresh?” as it is insulting to imply that something may not be. If you think it may not be fresh, you shouldn’t be eating there, however a good itamae will steer a diner towards the food he feels will be most satisfying and highlight his skills.
Respect the itamae, he is often quite busy. But feel free to engage him in conversation if he is able. This is also a good way to build a rapport with him and you may reap the rewards later as a regular (I really have with one particular itamae at one of my favorite places).
Keep your palate in mind and order accordingly. It is impolite to leave food on your plate after your meal or act as though a particular item is ‘gross’ if you don’t like it.
You may be offered a hot, wet towel (called an oshibori) at the beginning of your meal. Use it to wash you hands and try to fold it back neatly the way it was offered to you before returning it.
Do not rub your chopsticks together. When not in use they should be placed parallel to yourself on the holder (if there is one) or on the
dish. They should also be placed there when finished with your meal.
Don’t be afraid to ask for an item not on the menu as the sushi-ya may have special or seasonal items that are not listed. It is perfectly acceptable to ask, and often the itamae will appreciate your interest.
Don’t put
directly in the shoyu dish. Nigiri-zushi (fingers of
topped with fish or another topping) comes with
placed under the neta (fish) by the itamae, and reflects what he feels is the proper balance of wasabi to fish. Some of us like a little more, and you can always sneak some separately on the fish or with it.
It is OK to eat nigiri-zushi (sushi) with your hands. Sashimi is only to be eaten with your chopsticks.
Pick up the nigiri-zushi and dip the fish (neta) into your shoyu, not the rice (which will soak up too much shoyu). The rice is like a sponge, and too much shoyu will overpower the taste of the food and could also lead to the rice falling into your shoyu dish and making soup, which is not a good thing.
Do not pick up a piece of food from another person’s plate with the end of the chopsticks you put in your mouth. When moving food like this use the end you hold, which is considered the polite way.
Eat nigiri style sushi in one bite. This is not always easy (or possible) in North America where some sushi-ya make huge pieces, but traditional itamae in Japanese sushi-ya will make the pieces the proper size for this. In North America, try your best and don’t worry if they won’t let you.
(ginger) is considered a palate cleanser and eaten between bites or different types of sushi. It is not meant to be eaten in the same bite as a piece of sushi.
Slurping noodles is OK, less so for soup, but a bit is fine, at least by Japanese standards.
In more traditional sushi-ya, if you are not given a spoon for your soup, do not ask for one. You are expected to pick up your bowl to drink the soup, using your chopsticks to direct the solid pieces to your mouth.
It’s nice to offer a beer or
to the itamae (but of course not required). He may remember you and treat you well upon subsequent visits.
Never pass food to another person using chopsticks as this is too close symbolically to the passing of a deceased relative’s bones at a traditional Japanese funeral. Pass a plate instead allowing an individual to take food themselves.
Also, never stick your chopsticks in your rice and leave them sticking up. This resembles incense sticks and again brings to mind the symbolism of the Japanese funeral and prayers to one’s ancestors.
Technically one doesn’t drink sake with sushi (or rice in general) only with sashimi or before or after the meal. It is felt that since they are both rice based, they do not complement each other and therefore should not be consumed together. Green tea is a great option with sushi or sashimi.
With alcoholic beverages, it is considered customary to serve each other (if not alone) instead of pouring one’s own drink. Be attentive of your fellow diner’s glasses and refill them. If you need a refill, drink the remainder of the beverage and hold the glass slightly and politely towards a dining partner.
It is customary for the most “prestigious” person at the table to pour the drinks. Serving of drinks is very hierarchical in nature. Example: a professor who dines with his students would pour the drinks. Seniors would serve the freshman. If not by prestige, it would be the host of the evening or who made the invite. If you invited someone to dine with you, you become the automatic host.
Sake is available both chilled and hot, depending the quality and style. Experiment to learn what you like, but generally, higher quality sake is served cold. And some is quite good as well as sophisticated.
Belching is considered impolite at the Japanese table, unlike some other Asian cultures.
“Kanpai!” (“empty your cup”) is the traditional Japanese toast you may hear. Do not say “chin chin” as to the Japanese, this is a reference to a certain male body part best left out of proper conversation.
After the meal
If you sit at the bar, tip the itamae for the food (in western countries there is often a tip jar as the itamae will never touch money since he touches food) and the wait staff for the drinks etc. Otherwise, tip as you normally would.
It is polite to thank the itamae if you were seated at the sushi bar. If you want to try Japanese, “domo arigato” is a polite Japanese expression for ‘thank you’ and if you want to be more sophisticated (for a westerner), you might try “gochisosama deshita,” which loosely translated means “thank you for the meal.” You can use the less commonly used “oishikatta desu” (it was delicious), however this is rarely used.
In Japan, tips are included in the bill, but in North America, tip as you see fit.
[featured image]I hope that his provides some insight into the sophisticated evolution of the sushi dining experience. This is not an exhaustive list, but certainly large enough for a general guide. Again, please treat this exposition as a list of guidelines and not as hard and fast rules. I have provided this as a reference and an article of interest, not as something to worry westerners who think they ‘might be doing it wrong.’ Enjoy your meal as you normally would, and have fun. That is really the purpose of going out to eat.
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sushi stuff
food stuff
the curator
Warren Ransom grew up immersed in food and has always eaten. Conscripted into his mother's catering business at the tender age of eight, he went from breaking eggs to baking tarts in short time, and has always loved being elbows deep in ingredients.
After discovering sushi at 11 years old, he realized he had found something so unique and wonderful that it deserved his utmost devotion. He has been obsessed with sushi ever since. He lives near an excellent sushi-ya and is constantly searching for something that he has never eaten before. He has also begun a new project,
This document (and website copy) copyright & 2016by Warren Ransom. All rights reserved.