114网址导航Proposal for the Evaluation of Eco-Efficient Concrete
Taehyoung Kim (),
Sungho Tae (),
Chang U. Chae and
Kanghee Lee ()
Additional contact information Taehyoung Kim: Building and Urban Research Institute, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Daehwa-dong 283, Goyandae-Ro, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang-Si 10223, Korea
Sungho Tae: School of Architecture & Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, Sa 3-dong, Sangrok-Gu, Ansan-Si 04763, Korea
Chang U. Chae: Building and Urban Research Institute, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Daehwa-dong 283, Goyandae-Ro, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang-Si 10223, Korea
Kanghee Lee: Department of Architectural Engineering, Andong National University, 1375, Gyeongdong-Ro, Andong-Si 36729, Korea
, 2016, vol. 8, issue 8, pages 705
The importance of environmental consequences due to diverse substances that are emitted during the production of concrete is recognized, but environmental performance tends to be evaluated separately from the economic performance and durability performance of concrete. In order to evaluate concrete from the perspective of sustainable development, evaluation technologies are required for comprehensive assessment of environmental performance, economic performance, and durability performance based on a concept of sustainable development called the triple bottom line (TBL). Herein, an assessment method for concrete eco-efficiency is developed as a technique to ensure the manufacture of highly durable and eco-friendly concrete, while minimizing both the load on the ecological environment and manufacturing costs. The assessment method is based on environmental impact, manufacturing costs, and the service life of concrete. According to our findings, eco-efficiency increased as the compressive strength of concrete increased from 21 MPa to 40 MPa. The eco-efficiency of 40 MPa concrete was about 50% higher than the eco-efficiency of 24 MPa concrete. Thus eco-efficiency is found to increase with an increasing compressive strength of concrete because the rate of increase in the service life of concrete is larger than the rate of increase in the costs. In addition, eco-efficiency (KRW/year) was shown to increase for all concrete strengths as mixing rates of admixtures (Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag) increased to 30% during concrete mix design. However, when the mixing rate of admixtures increased to 40% and 60%, the eco-efficiency dropped due to rapid reduction in the service life values of concrete to 74 (year/m 3 ) and 44 (year/m 3 ), respectively.
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Date: 2016
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&&&&&&&&&&&&The Test of the Immune Procedure Combined HCLV Rabbit Efficient Cell Vaccine with Transfer Factor for Pig--《Swine Production》2015年01期
The Test of the Immune Procedure Combined HCLV Rabbit Efficient Cell Vaccine with Transfer Factor for Pig
MENG FWANG JYAO JFAN ZWU XLIU WLI HMI RShanxi Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary M
In order to improve swine fever vaccine antibody levels during 40 ~70 days of age,the vaccine trials of swine fever were conducted with the method,which the immunity combined HCLV rabbit efficient cell vaccine with transfer factor for pig.The antibody S/P average of 40-day-old improved 48.38% in the first group of transfer factor which diluted directly the HCLV rabbit efficient cell vaccine at 20-day-old than in the second group of vaccine diluted with the same method at 30-day-old,and the difference was significant( P0.05).The antibody S/P average of 50-day-old improved 54.80%,the difference was significant(P0.05).And the antibody S/P average improved 14.99% throughout the test period.Moreover the antibody S/P average of 40-day-old improved104.28% in the first group of transfer factor for pigs which diluted directly the HCLV rabbit efficient cell vaccine than in the third conventional group,and the difference was very significant(P0.01).The antibody S/P average of 50-day-old improved 97.74%,the difference was very significant(P0.01).The antibody S/P average of60-day-old improved 111.19%,the difference was very significant(P0.01).The antibody S/P average of 70-dayold improved 37.83%,the difference was not significant(P 0.05).The antibody S/P average of 80-day-old improved 37.89%,the difference was significant(P 0.05).And the antibody S/P average improved 39.93%throughout the test period.The results showed that the immune antibody levels of pigs were improved during 40 and 70 days of age,and the positive rate was 88% or more in the immunization program,which first immunization of piglets with the HCLV rabbit efficient cell vaccine diluted directly by transfer factor at 20-day-old,second immunization around piglets weanling and third immunization around 60-day-old.Moreover the test provided basis for the effective control of classical swine fever epidemic.
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