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2016届中考英语 直接引语和间接引语复习（无答案）
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黑龙江省大庆市喇中初中英语 小题集练 直接引语和间接引语
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云南师范大学五华区实验中学2015届中考英语 语法专项复习十四 直接引语和间接引语课件 人教新目标版
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中考英语直接引语和间接引语专题复习1-7（打包7套）
中考英语直接引语和间接引语专题复习7.doc
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中考英语直接引语和间接引语专题复习1.doc
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【全程复习方略】2013版中考英语 语法专项案十五 直接引语和间接引语课件 冀教版
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中考英语直接引语和间接引语专题复习1
直接引语转化为间接引语：三变：一变人陈 二变时态 三变状语 四变句型
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为
, yesterday变为
today 变为 tomorrow 变为
地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”：指示代词中this要改为 these 要改为
.; here变为 动词come变为
注 yesterday 变成 the day before
,时态要由原来的一般过去时变为过去完成时
四、如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
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中考英语直接引语和间接引语专题复习2
一、直接引语和间接引语的定义
1. 直接引语：别人直接说的话，一般直接放在引号内。如：
(1) My mother told me, “You should finish your homework first, then you can play with your friends.”
(2) Our teacher said, “Class is over, we should have a rest.”
2. 间接引语：用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是：
(1) My mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends.
(2) Our teacher said class was over and we should have a rest.
二、直接引语与间接引语的变化
直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，told等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况：
1. 现在时间推移到过去时间
所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，现在完成时变成过去完成时。例如：
She said, “I am hungry.” → She said (that) she was hungry.
Vince said, “I have found what’s wrong with the computer.” → Vince said he had found what was wrong with the computer.
区域：不限地区
中考英语直接引语和间接引语专题复习3
直接引语：直接引用别人的话,并在原话前后加引号。
例：He said:" It is too late."
间接引语：通过第三者转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
例：He said it was too late.
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题。
1.人称的变化。
主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。
直接引语 She said:" I am hungry."
间接引语 She said she was hungry.
区域：不限地区
中考英语直接引语和间接引语专题复习4
1、直接引语和间接引语：在陈述句中,直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。在书写时,直接引语用引号。用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。
2、直接引语改变为间接引语：
1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时应注意以下各点：
①不用引号,而用连接词that,但有时可省略。
②人称作相应变化；
③主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变： 一般现在时变一般过去时；一般将来时变过去将来时；现在进行时变过去进行时；现在完成时变成过去完成时；一般过去时变成过去完成时；但一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间连用,则时态不变。
如：He says,"I am not from the USA.”→He says that he is not from the USA.
Mr Smith said to his girl friend,“ I haven’ t seen you for a long time.”
→Mr Smith said to his girl friend that he had not seen her for a long time.
2、直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用从属连接词whether或if引导,词序
区域：不限地区
中考英语直接引语和间接引语专题复习4
1、直接引语和间接引语：在陈述句中,直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。在书写时,直接引语用引号。用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。
2、直接引语改变为间接引语：
1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时应注意以下各点：
①不用引号,而用连接词that,但有时可省略。
②人称作相应变化；
③主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变： 一般现在时变一般过去时；一般将来时变过去将来时；现在进行时变过去进行时；现在完成时变成过去完成时；一般过去时变成过去完成时；但一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间连用,则时态不变。
如：He says,"I am not from the USA.”→He says that he is not from the USA.
Mr Smith said to his girl friend,“ I haven’ t seen you for a long time.”
→Mr Smith said to his girl friend that he had not seen her for a long time.
2、直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用从属连接词whether或if引导,词序
首页 上一页初中直接引语和间接引语讲义和练习
直接引语和间接引语
一．直接引语和间接引语概述
我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种时直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。
The girl said, “I like English very much.”
那个女孩说：“我非常喜欢英语。”（直接引语）
The girl said that she liked English very much.
那个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语）
一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如 tell, ask, say
等。这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。
He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.”
他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。”
“Where are you from?” asked Linda. “你来自哪里？”琳达问。
二．直接引语变间接引语的变化形式
人称代词和指示代词的变化
指示代词this 和these通常变为that和those
。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：
He said, “I came to help you.” 他说：“我是来帮助你的。”
→He said that he had come to help me. 他说他是来帮助我的。
时态的变化
引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。
引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：
一般现在时→一般过去时&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
一般过去时→过去完成时
现在进行时→过去进行时&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
现在完成时→过去完成时
一般将来时→过去将来时
含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。
若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
时间状语的变化
then&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
last month → the month before
today → that
day&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
three days ago → three days before
tonight → that
night&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
tomorrow → the next day
this week → that
week&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
next month → the next month
yesterday → the day
before&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
the day after tomorrow → in two days
地点状语的变化
here → there
谓语动词的变化
come → go
三. 直接引语变为间接引语的情况
1.直接引语为陈述句
（1）将直接引语变为由that 引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（that 可以省略）。例如：
He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。”
→He said that he had forgotten to call me the day
before.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。
（2）如果引述动词是 say to sb.,则通常改为 tell sb. sth. 结构。例如：
He said to me, “Your bike is broken.” 她对我说：“你的自行车坏了。”
→He told me that my bike was broken. 他对我说我的自行车坏了。
2. 直接引语为一般疑问句
直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由 if /whether
引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词为 say
，应改为 ask. 例如：
Mary asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?”
玛丽问我，“凯伦时美国人吗？”
→Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States.
玛丽问我海伦是否时美国人。
直接引语为特殊疑问句
直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。例如：
John asked me, “Where does Zhou Xun come
from?”约翰问我，“周迅是哪儿的人？”
→John asked me where Zhou Xun came from. 约翰问我周迅时哪儿的人。
直接引语为祈使句
直接引语为祈使句，根据直接引语的语气强弱，采用相应的句型：ask sb to do sth,tell sb to do
sth,order sb to do sth.例如：
The teacher said to Tom,“Get out!”
&→The teacher told Tom to get out.
“Please open the door” Mary said to me.
→Mary asked me to close the door.
“Stand up!”the officer said to the soldiers.
→The officer ordered the soldiers to stand up.
直接引语改为间接引语专题练习
1 He said , “Mother, the boy is very naughty.”
2 He said to me, “I have left my book in your room.”
3 Kitty said “I’ll call again after supper this evening.”
4 She said, “I will come here again tonight.”
5 He said, “I arrived yesterday morning.”
6 She said , “My sister will be back tomorrow morning.”
7 “The children had better go to bed early,” she said.
8 He said , “I have lost my umbrella.”
9 Paul said, “I’m trying to get a taxi.”
10 “I never eat meat.” He explained.
11 “Have you been here for ages?” she said.
12 “I took the dictionary home with me,” he said.
13 “Frank, I came to return you the book,” Henry said.
14 He asked, “Are you sure your mother will come?’
15 He asked, “Are you a teacher or a student?”
16 He said to me, “Please come again tomorrow.”
17 He said to me, “Don’t do that again.”
18 He said, “Where is she going?”
19 “Who lives next door?” she asked.
20 “What’s happened?” he asked.
21 “Where is the airport?” he asked.
22.”What have you got in your bag?” the asked .
23 “Mary, when is the next train?” he asked.
24 “Why did you stop the car, Tom? ” she asked.
25 “Is there anyone here?” he asked.
26 “Do you know Mrs Green?” he asked me.
27 “Shall I wait for them or shall I go on?” the man asked.
28 “Shall I lock the car or leave it unlocked?” she asked.
29 “Will you be here tomorrow?” he asked me.
30 “Would you like to come in for a drink?” she asked Bill.
31 “Could me give me a hand?” Mr Black asked Tom.
32 “You’ll be back tonight, won’t you?” my wife asked me.
33 “Don’t swim out too far, children,” mother said.
34 “Please let me have a try.” Jane said to the teacher.
35 “Do sit down, everybody.” said the hostess.
36 “Please don’t take any risks,” said his wife.
37 “Don’t forget to take your pills,” said mother to his
38 “Put down your gun, man!” said the inspector.
39 “Be quiet, girls.” said the old man.
40 “Bring your textbook with you tomorrow, please.” The teacher
said to her.
41 I asked Wang Dong “Are there any spelling mistakes in my
exercises?”
初中英语直接引语变间接引语练习题
将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：
1. “I never eat meat.” he said.
He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______
3. “I took it home with me.” she said.
She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and
goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east
and ______ down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.
6. “You must come here before five.” he said.
He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.
7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.
He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years
8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
He ______ ______ I had seen her the week
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found
11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______
12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.
13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he
He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much
14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.
She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.
15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.
He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______.
【参考答案】
1. he, ate&& 2.
told, had, found, his&
3. she, had,
taken&& 4. rise,
5. told, had,
before&& 6. had,
7. had, before&&
8. asked, if [whether], before&
9. told, could&&
10. how, she, had&
11. where, I, had,
those&& 12. if [whether], I,
13. told, to,
stop&& 14. not, to,
15. asked, if [whether], that&
直接引语、间接引语练习题二
将所给直接引语变为间接引语
1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”
2．She said: “He will be busy.”
3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”
4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”
5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”
6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”
7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”
8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”
9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”
10．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”
11．He said, “We are still students.’
12．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.
13．The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”
14．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”
15．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.
16．Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when
he asked for a job.”
17．He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.18．She said,
“He demanded that the girl leave at once.”
19．I said to him, “I have finished it.”
20．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”
21．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young
man asked.
22．“I have gained the first place in the mathematics
competition,” the little boy said happily.
23．“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said
to the boys and girls.
24．“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked
25．“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my
附答案：【参考答案1】
ate&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
told, had, found, his
3. she, had,
taken&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&4.
rise, goes
5. told, had,
before&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&6.
had, there
before&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
8. asked, if [whether], before
could&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&10.
how, she, had
11. where, I, had,
those&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
[whether], I, lived
13. told, to,
stop&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&14.
not, to, tell
15. asked, if [whether], that
附答案：【参考答案2】
1． He told me that he had left his book in his room.
2． She said that he would be busy.
3． She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.
4． She asked me whether that book was mine or his.
5． The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.
6． The teacher told the students not to waste their time.
7． The mother asked Tom to get up early.
8． The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
9． My father said practice makes perfect.
10． The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.
11． He said they are still students.
12． He told me that he was born in 1978.
13． The engineer said he was at college in 1967.
14． He said he had studied English since he was a boy.
15． She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a
16． Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story
when he asked for a job.
17． He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.
18． She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.
19． I told him I had finished it.
20． She told us she would come here tomorrow
21． The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher
22． The little boy said happily that he had gained the first
place in the mathematics competition.
23． The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light
travels faster than sound.
24． Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with
her that evening.
25． The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day
在初中英语中直接引语变为间接引语对于学生们来说也是一个难点，因为需要变化的内容很多，这儿有一个关于直接引语变间接引语的口诀，帮助大家来记忆。
直接引语变间接引语口诀：
直引若是一般问，变间if\whether连。语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。
直引若是特殊问，疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单，一切只当一般问。
直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。 told\asked\ordered,根据口气来选定。
告诉人、请人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句,
not to do后边行。
直接引语变间接引语的人称变化:
一主二宾三不变.
直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语,第二人称取决于主句的宾语,第三人称一般不变。
直接引语变间接引语专项练习题三
1. Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school.
bring&&&&&&&&&&
brought&&&&&&
bring&&&&&&&&&
D. to bring
2. The teacher told the boy students ______ football on the
play&&&&&&&
played&&&&&&
D. playing
3. ____ Tom didn’t go to school?
A. Do you know how&& B. Why do
you know&&& C.
How you know
why&&&&&&&
D. Do you know why
4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _____ that prevents
her from being as happy as before?
A. what it
is&&&&&&&&&
&&&B. it is
what&&&&&&&&&&&
C. how it is&
&&&&&&&&&D.
5. Betty asked her sister ____ to the railway station to see her
go&&&&&&&&
come&&&&&&&&
&&D. to not go
6. The pupil asked his teacher _____ round the earth.
A. weather the moon
goes&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&B.
that the moon went
C. whether the moon
goes&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. whether the moon went
7. Mr. Li ____ Wang Ling ____ a taxi to the airport.
take&&&&&&&&&
taking&&&&&&&&
8. She asked him ____.
A. whose dictionary this
is&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&B.
whose dictionary that was
C. whose dictionary is
this&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D.
whose dictionary that is
9. Mary’s mother asked her _____.
A. that whether she had finished her homework
&&&&&&&&B.
if she has finished her homework
C. if she had finished her
homework&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
D. that if she had finished her homework
10. Do you know ____?
A. what is he doing&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.
what he doing
C. what he is
doing&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&D.
what does he do now
11. I don’t know ____ to learn English.
A. when did he
begin&&& B. when
C. he when began&&
&&D. when he begins
12. He asked me ____.
A. how would the weather be like
tomorrow&&&&&
B. what the weather would be like the next day
C. how the weather would be like
tomorrow&&&&&
D. what would the weather be like the next day
13. You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Spring
Festival presents.
A. how excited they
were&&&&&&&&&
how excited were they
C. how they were
excited&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&D.
they were how excited
14. She told me that she ____ by her relatives at the bus
A. had been seen
B. have seen
have been seen
off&&& D. had
15. Do you remember how many times ____ to Australia?
A. had you been&
C. have you
&&&D. you have
16. Can you guess ____?
A. what is that
B. who that man is
whom that man
D. who is that man
17. More and more students and teachers have began to know
A. how important the foreign language
how the foreign language is important
C. how important the foreign language
&&D. how important is the foreign
18. The hostess said that it ___ time that they ___ supper.
had&&&&&&&&&&
had&&&&&&&&
C. have&&&
19. The boss asked his secretary ____ he had finished typing the
report ____.
not&&&&&&&&
20. I wonder how much _____.
A. does he spend on his
car&&&&&&&&&&&&
did he spend on his car
C. he spent on his
car&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&D.
he spent in his car
直接引语变间接引语专项练习题四&
1."My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday."she said.
2."We are going to study in Australia next month."they said.
3."I'm checking your home work now."his mother said.
4."Can you tell me how to get to the nearest restaurant?"the man
asked the policeman
5."Is your son going to Shanghai today or tomorrow?"he
6."Do you remember what your aunt told you last night?"Li ping's
father asked him.
7."Where shall i get off to change to a No.3 bus?"he asked the
conductor.
8."How many car factories have been built in your country?"he
9."What did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother
?"the teacher asked.
10." Go to the front at once!"the officer said to the
直接引语变间接引语专项练习题三
巩固练习答案：
1—5DBDAB;& 6—10CDBCC；11—15BBAAD；16—20BCACC
练习题四答案:
1.She said her mother had took her to an exhibition the day
2.They said they were going to study in Australia the next
3.His mother said she was checking his homework then .
4.The man asked the policeman if he could tell him how to get to
the nearest restaurant.
5.He asked whether my son was going to Shanghai that day or the
6.Li ping's father asked him if he rememberred what his aunt had
told him the night before.
7.He asked the conductor where he could get off to change to a
8.He asked me how many car factories had been built in my
9.The teacher asked what Edison had do to help the doctor
operate on his mother.
10.The officer asked the soldiers to go to the front at
直接引语变间接引语专项练习题五
一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：
1. “I am having supper,” he said.
He said that _______ _______ having supper.
2. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.
Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film.
3. “I went home with my sister,” she said.
She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister.
4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”
The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon.
5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.
He told me that he _______ met her the day _______.
6. “You must come here before five,” he said.
He said that I _______ to go _______ before five.
7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.
She said that she _______ bought the computer two weeks
8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said.
He _______ _______ I had read the book the week _______.
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He _______ Jim that he _______ sit there
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked her mother _______ _______ _______ found it.
11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me _______ _______ _______ been _______ days.
12 “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked _______ _______ knew where she _______.
13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.
He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet.
14. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said.
She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window.
15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.
He _______ _______ I was interested in _______.
【练习5答案详解】
was。在直接引语变为间接引语时，代词I要变为he；主句为过去时态，宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即现在进行时am
having变为过去进行时was having。
2. told, had, seen。直接引语中的said to sb在变为间接引语时应改为told sb；现在完成时have
seen改为过去完成时had seen。
3. she, had, gone。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词I 应变为she；一般过去时went改为过去完成时had
4. is。直接引语变为间接引语时，若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。
5. had, before。直接引语是一般过去时met，变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时had
met；时间状语yesterday应改为the day before(from )。
6. had, there。如直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词must，变为间接引语时用had to；地点状语here
相应地改为there。
7. had, before。直接引语是一般过去时bought，变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时had
bought；时间状语two weeks ago应改为two weeks before。
8. asked, if (whether),
before。当直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时said应改为asked，然后加上连接词if或whether；时间状语last
week 改为the week before。
9. told, could。根据句意第一空应用动词told；直接引语中含有情态动词can，变为间接引语时应改为
10. how, she,
had。如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时仍用how引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序，一般过去时改为过去将来时。
11. where, I, had,
those。直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时仍用where引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序，现在完成时改为过去完成时，指示代词these相应地变为those。
12. if (whether), I,
lived。直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时应用if或whether引导，人称you和动词时态lives也相应地变为I
和lived(from )。
13. told, to, keep。如直接引语为肯定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask [tell, order]
sb to do sth这一结构进行转换。
14. not, to, look。如直接引语为否定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask [tell, order] sb
not to do sth这一结构进行转换。
15. asked, if (whether),
that。根据所给的句子，直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，主句谓语动词应用asked；再用if或whether引导宾语从句，批示代词this相应地变为that
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