2016年12月英语四级阅读考试训练39
　　“Tear‘em apart!” “Kill the fool!” “ Murder the referee ( 裁判)!”
　　These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us .It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含义) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior . I see the term “opponent “ as one of those words . Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.
　　The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent “is “adversary “:“enemy “; “one who opposes your interests.” “Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one’s intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not considered then wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”
　　In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.
　　Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated(提升)the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world . Replacing the term “opponent “with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.
　　The dictionary meaning of the term “associate “ is “colleague” ; “friend” ; “companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent.”
　　1. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?
　　A) Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences
　　B) The words people use can influence their behavior
　　C) Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes
　　D) Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field
　　2. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players _______
　　A) are too eager to win
　　B) are usually short-tempered and easily offended
　　C) cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition
　　D) treat their rivals as enemies
　　3. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?
　　A) He refused to continue the game
　　B) He angrily hit the referee with a ball
　　C) He claimed that the referee was unfair
　　D) He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt
　　4. According to the passage, players, in a game , may _______
　　A) deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way
　　B) keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game
　　C) lie down on the ground as an act of protest
　　D) kick the ball across the court with force
　　5. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by ______
　　A) calling on players to use clean language on the court
　　B) raising the referee’s sense of responsibility
　　C) changing the attitude of players on the sports field
　　D) regulating the relationship between players and referees
　　[解析]
　　这是一篇关于竞技比赛与体育道德的议论文。文章对体育竞赛中的种种问题提出了作者的看法。文中指出，体育竞争的对手不是敌人。要改善当前运动场上的不良状况，必须改变运动场上选手之间的敌对状态，将对手视为伙伴。
　　1. 推论题，B：人们使用的词汇能影响他们的行为。
　　哪一种说法最能表达作者的观点呢?参见原文第2段：words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior。(一些具有特殊含义的词可能会使我们做出与人文精神相异的行为，即使人文精神通常贯彻于我们日常行为中。)
　　其他选项：A，体育运动中的积极的行为可能会有严重的后果;C，体育运动中的不愉快的词语经常被外国的运动员使用;D，裁判员的不公正裁判将会导致在体育场上的暴力。
　　2. 细节题，D：(运动员说粗话的原因是他们)把自己的对手当作敌人对待。
　　参见原文第3段第2句：Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy。
　　其他选项：A，太渴望取得胜利;B，通常脾气火爆，容易被冒犯;C，不能在激烈竞争中礼貌待人。
　　3. 细节题，D：他将手套在湿运动衫上擦湿。
　　参见原文第3段：首球运动员请求暂停(a time out)换手套，裁判员认为手套不太湿，不同意暂停。于是运动员于裁判斗气，故意将手套在湿运动衫撒谎那个擦一通，将手套弄湿。参见本段最后一句：The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”
　　其他选项的意思是：A，他拒绝继续比赛;B，他愤怒地用球击裁判员;C，他声称裁判不公正。
　　4. 细节题，A:将球砸向任何故意犯规阻挡他们的人。
　　参见原文第4段第2句：I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play。
　　其他选项：B，在整个比赛中继续尖声喊叫和呼喊;C，躺在地上以表示抗议;D，用力将球踢出球场。
　　5. 主旨题，C：改变运动场上选手的(敌对)态度。
　　文章第5段谈判，要改善当前运动场上的不良状况，必须改变运动场上选手的敌对态度，将对手视为伙伴(Replacing the term “opponent “with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.)
　　其他选项：A，呼吁运动员在球场上使用文明语言;B，提高裁判员的责任感;D，调整运动员和裁判员之间的关系。
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Passage39Creative Process of WorksThe great question that this paper will, but feebly, attempt to answer is , what is the creative process?Though much theory has accumulated, little is really known about the power that lies at the bottom of poetic creation. It is true that great poets and artists produce beauty by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions. But what is the magical synthesis that joins and arranges these complex parts into poetic unity?John L.Lowes, in his justly famous “The Road to Xanadu,” developed one of the earliest and still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question. Imaginative creation, he concludes, is a complex process in which the conscious and unconscious minds jointly operate. “There is…the deep well with its chaos of fortuito but there is likewise the Vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of Form, and with the Vision, the controlling Will. Which gives to that potential beauty actuality.”The Deep Well is the unconscious mind that is peopled with the facts, ideas, feelings of the conscious activity. The imaginative vision, an unconscious activity, shines through the land of chaos, of lights and shadows, silently seeking pattern and form. Finally, the conscious mind again, through Will, captures and embodies the idea in the final work of art. In this way is unity born out of chaos.Though there can be no absolute certainty, there is general agreement that the periods in the development of a creative work parallel, to some extent, Lowes’ theory of Well, Vision, Form, and Will. There are at least three stages in the creative process: preparation, inspiration, work.
In a sense, the period of preparation is all of the writer’s life. It is the Deep Well. It is the Deep Well. It is especially a period of concentration which gives the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind. When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level of the writer’s mind, he is ready to go on with the process. Part of this preparation involves learning a medium-learning a language, learning how to write, learning literary forms. It is important to mot here that form cannot be imposed upon the idea. Evidence, though sparse, shows that the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it. It is the Vision, according to Lowes, ” which sees shining in and through the chaws of the potential lines of from … ”1.When remembrance of things past reach the conscious level, the post has reached the stage called[A]. Well.
[B]. Vision.
[C]. Form.
[D]. Will.2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?[A]. The form determines the subject matter.[B]. The idea determines the form.[C]. Vision makes beauty an actuality.[D]. A writer is unconscious when he prepares his work.3.The word “fortuitously” in the third paragraph means[A]. accidentally.
[B]. luckily.
[C]. thoroughly.
[D]. potentially.4.The remembrance of things past is carried on in the [A]. Deep Well.
[B]. Vision.[C]. Chaotic lights and shadows.
[D]. Conscious mind.----------------------------------------------------Vocabulary1.
融化，结合2.
是一个非常美的，田园诗般的地方。美国诗人Sanul T Coleridge还根据这地方写了一首诗，“Kubla Khan” 忽必烈汗（即元世祖）4.
年美国学者，批评家及教师5.
tantalizing
引起好奇心的，可望不可及的，逗人得6.
fortuitous
偶然的，幸运的7.
稀少，稀疏9.
综合，综合法难句译注1.…by employing all the powers of personality and by fusing emotions, reason, and intuitions.[参考译文] 运用个人（品格）的全部力量，把情感，理智和直觉融会贯通结合在一起。2.…still generally acceptable answers to this tantalizing question.[参考译文] 现在仍然是众所接受对这些可望不可及问题的答案。3.There is…the deep well with its chaos of fortuito but there is likewise the Vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of Form, and with the Vision, the controlling Will. Which gives to that potential beauty actuality.[结构简析] 注意介词短语和定从。With its chaos…, 是修饰deep well. Which sees shinning 定语从句修饰Vision.
And 后的with the vision, 却是状语。Which gives 又是定从，修饰Will.[参考译文] 有……那充满了混乱的偶然交织在一起的形象的深静；但同样也有那洞察力，看到在混乱中熠熠生辉的潜在的形式线索，由于有这样的洞察力便有那控制一切的意志把潜在的美变成真实的（诗歌）篇章。4.lights and shadows
艺术上有 light and shade
明和暗。这里也是指明和暗。写作方法与文章大意
文章论述“创作过程”。开门见山就提出“什么是创作”。主要是引用了罗斯的Road to Xanadu 一书来说明创作过程。首先是创作的源泉，洞察分辨，最后意志赋予写作。答案祥解1.D. 意志。第三段倒数第二句“最终又是意识的思维，通过意志，在其最终的艺术作品中捕捉和体现了这种思想观念”。第五段第三句：“当作者回溯以往事情达到了有意识的水平时，他就具备（准备）了继续创作进程的条件。这种准备工作中有一部分涉及学习媒介--学习一种语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式。”第二段都体现了意志是有意识思维的集中表现。A. 源泉，来源，顾名思义，也是最初的东西。
B. 洞察力，视觉。
C.形式。这三项选择在第二，三段集中说明，见难句译注3及第四题答案。2.B. 思想观念决定形式。这在最后一段倒数第四句：部分准备工作涉及学习媒介--学习语言，学习如何写，学习文学形式之后“这里要注意文学形式不能强加于思想观念。有证据，虽然很少，表明思想观念产生适合传递它的文学形式。A. 形式决定主题。
C. 形象使美变得真实。
D. 作者在准备写作时处于无意识状态。难句译注3和第四题答案都说明了这三项选择是不对的。3.A.
偶然的。B. 幸运的，fortuitously一词确实有幸运的之义。但这里上下文含义是A，见难句译注3。C. 彻底的，透彻的。
D. 潜在的，可能的。4.A. 深井（深层的源泉）。见难句译注3和第三句“深层的源泉是无意识思维，内中塞满了各种事实，观点，意识活动的情感。富有想象力的洞察力是一种无意识的活动，在杂乱的土壤中闪烁光辉，忽明忽暗，默默的探索模式和形式。最后，又是有意识的思维，通过意志……。”这里说明回溯过去是在深井阶段进行。B. 视觉，是在探索表现形式。 C. 杂乱的光亮和阴影，明面和暗面。 D. 有意识思维
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