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高一英语必修一知识点详细整理
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高一英语必修一知识点详细整理
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高一英语知识点汇总
高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit1-2☆重点句型☆ 1. What should a friend be like? 询问对方的看法 2. I think he / she should be?表示个人观点的词语 3. I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games. 等表示喜好的词语 4. Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes. “when&作并列连词的用法 5. What / Who / When / Where is it that...? 强调句的 特殊疑问句结构 6. With so many people communicating in English everyday, ... “with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语 7. Can you tell me how to pronounce...? 带连接副词 (或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法 ☆重点词汇☆ 1. especially v. 特别地 2. imagine v. 想像 3. alone adv. / adj. 单独，孤独的 4. interest n. 兴趣 5. everyday adj. 每天的，日常的 6. deserted adj. 抛弃的 7. hunt v. 搜寻 8. share v. 分享19. care v. 在乎，关心 10. total n. 总数 11. majority n. 大多数 12. survive v. 生存，活下来 13. adventure n. 冒险 14. scared adj. 吓坏的 15. admit v. 承认 16. while conj. 但是，而 17. boring adj. 令人厌烦的 18. except prep. 除??之外 19. quality n. 质量 20. favourite adj. 最喜爱的 ☆重点短语☆ 1. be fond of 爱好 2. treat?as?把??看作为?? 3. make friends with 与??交朋友 4. argue with sb. about / over sth. 与某人争论某事 5. hunt for 寻找 6. in order to 为了 7. share?with 与??分享 8. bring in 引进；赚钱 9. a great / good many 许多? 10. have difficulty (in) doing 做??有困难211. end up with 以??结束 12. except for 除??之外 13. come about 发生 14. make(a)fire 生火 15. make yourself at home 别拘束 16. the majority of 大多数 17. drop sb. a line 给某人写短信 18. for the first time 第一次 19. at all 根本；竟然 20. have a (good) knowledge of?精通?? ☆短语闯关☆ 下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每 个词 4 分，80 分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧? l. be fond ____ 喜欢，爱好 of 2. hunt ____ 搜索。追寻，寻找 for 3. in to ____ 为了 order 4. care ____ 担心，关心 about 5. such ____ 例如，诸如 as 6. drop sb a ____ 给某人写信(通常指写短信) line 7. make oneself at ____ 别客气 home 8. ____ total 总共 in 9. except ____ 除了??之外 for 10. stay ____ 不睡，熬夜 up311. ____ about 发生 come 12. end ____ with 以??告终 up 13. bring ____ 引进，引来 in 14. a great ____ 许许多多，极多 many 15. be ____ 对??深感兴趣，深深迷上?? into 16. ____ the Internet 上网 surf 17. ____ classes 逃学，逃课 skip 18. get ____ 聚会，相聚，聚集 together 19. be proud ____ 为??感到骄傲 of 20. keep an ____ on 照看，注意 eye 21. be curious ____ 对??感到好奇 about 22. shut ____ (使)住口 up 23. joke ____ 开玩笑 about 24. ____ the name of 以??名义 in 25. ____ the time 总是，一直 all ☆交际用语☆ 1. I think? I like / love / hate... I enjoy... My interests are... 2. Did you have a good flight? You must be very tired. Just make yourself at home.4I beg your pardon? Can you tell me how to pronounce...? Get it. ☆单词聚焦☆ 1. argue v. 的用法 ▲构词：argument n. 1. [C]争论 2. [U]讨论．辩论 3. [C]论据 ▲ 搭配： ① argue with / against sb. over / on / about sth. 与某人 争论某事 ② argue for / against sth. 辩论赞成／反对某事 ③ argue that... 主张，认为，争辩说 ④ argue sb into / out of doing sth. 说服某人做／不做某事 ▲友情提示： “说服某人做／不做某事” 还可表达为：talk / persuade / reason sb. into / out of doing sth. ⑤ settle the argument 解决争端 ▲友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth. 为某事和某人而发生的争执 【考例】 What laughing ____ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式细面条) from plate to mouth. (2004 全国卷 I) A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments [考查目标] argue 名词形式的词义。 [答案与解析] D argument 的词义是“争辩，辩论”。 2. compare v. 的用法 ▲构词：comparison n. 比较 ▲搭配：① compare...to... 比拟；比作 ② compare... with / to... 将??和??相比较 ③ compare notes 对笔记；交换意见5【考例】 ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004 湖北) A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared [考查目标] compare 的用法。 [答案与解析] D 本句 compare 用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。 3. consider v. 的用法 ▲构词：consideration n. 考虑，思考；体谅，顾及 ▲搭配：① consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 ② consider sb (to be / as)... 认为／觉得某 人??③ consider that- clause 认为?? ④ take sth into consideration 考虑 ⑤ under consideration 在考虑中 【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer. (NMET 1993) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented [考查目标] consider 的几种常见用法。 [答案与解析] C consider 本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的 事情．用不定式的完成形式。 4. deserted adj. 空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的 (1) 空无一人的 a deserted street / area 空无一人的街道， 地区； office was quite deserted. The 办公室里空无一人。 (2) 被遗弃的 a deserted child 被遗弃的孩子 (3) desert ['dezot] n. 沙漠 desert [dI'zo:t] vt. 丢弃；遗弃 He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich. 5. difficulty n. (1) difficulty (通常作复数) 难事，难点，难题 She met with many difficulties when travelling.6(2) 在以下句型中，difficulty 是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。 have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth. 干某事有困难 there is (some) difficulty (in) doing sth. have (some) difficulty with sth. 在某事上有困难 there is (some) difficulty with sth. do sth. with difficulty / without difficulty 困难地／轻而易举地做某事 We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house. Do you have any difficulty with your English? 【注意】 (1) 以上句型中，difficulty 前可加 some, little, much, a lot of, no, any 修饰 (2) 以上句型中，亦可用 trouble 来代替 difficulty。 6. favourite = favorite (A. E) 最喜爱的；最喜爱的人或事物 (1) adj. 最喜爱的 My favorite sport is playing football. (2) n. [C] 最喜爱的人或事物 He is a favorite with his uncle. 7. fun 的用法 ▲构词：funny adj. 有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的 ▲搭配： ① make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑 ② (just)for / in fun = (just) for the fun of it 取乐，非认真地，说／做着玩的 ③ be full of fun?? 很好玩 ④ have fun with sb. 和某人开一个玩笑7⑤ have (some) fun 玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心 ⑥ It's (great) fun to do sth 干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心 ⑦ What fun (it is) to do sth! 干某事多么有趣呀! ⑧ have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很开心 【考例】 (200 上海春招) This is not a match. We're play- ing chess just for ____. A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game [考查目标] fun 构成的短语 for fun 的意思。 [答案与解析]C，for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩的”。 8. imagine 的用法 ▲构词：① imagination n. [C / U] 想像，想像力，想像的事物 ② imaginative adj. 富有想像 力的 ▲搭配：① imagine sth / doing sth ② beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地 【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter ___across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991) A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed [考查目标] imagine 的基本用法。 [答案与解析] C imagine 后接动词的-ing 形式，本句的 Peter 是这个动名词的逻辑主语。 9. interest 的用法 interest vt. 使??感兴趣 n. 兴趣，爱好 [U] 利息；利润 He has a great interest in politics. 他对政治极感兴趣。/ a broad interest 广泛的利益 / a common interest 共同的利益 / a strong interest 极强的兴趣 ▲构词：① interesting 令人感兴趣的(事物) ② interested (某人对某事)有兴趣的 ▲搭配：① interest sb in sth 使某人注意，关心或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣 ② be interested in 对??感兴趣(关心) ③have an interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面有兴趣 (关 心)； 在??中有股份、 权益等 ④ hold one's interest 吸引住某人的兴趣 ⑤ in the interest(s) of 为??利益；为??起见；对??有利 ⑥ lose interest in 对??不再感兴趣 ⑦ show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth. 对??表示关心(有兴趣) ⑧ have / take / feel no interest in 对??不 (不太) 感兴趣 ⑨ with interest 有兴趣地，津津有味地 ⑩develop / find / feel8interest in sth. / in doing sth. 在某方面培养／有兴趣 ? lose interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方 面失去兴趣 有时 interest 可与不定冠词连用。He developed an interest in science. 另外：interest 作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。 His interests include reading and tennis. 【考例】 ____, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance. (2004 全国卷 II) A. Interested B. Anxiously C. Seriously D. Encouraged [考查目标] interest 派生词的词义和用法。 [答案与解析] A interested 指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。 10. prove 的用法 ▲构词：① proof n. 证据。试验，考验，(印刷)校样 ▲搭配：① prove sth to sb 向某人证实?? ② prove to sb that 从句向某人证实?? ③ prove (oneself) to be 证明(自己)是，表现出 【考例】It was in the neighboring country ― United States that such resistance to spray was first ____. (05 长春模拟) A. proved B. killed C. thought D. discussed [考查目标] 考查 prove 的意思。 [答案与解析] A 本题 was proved 的意思是“得到证实”，有被动意味。 11. provide 的用法 ▲构词：① provider n. 供给者，供应者，养家者 ② provided / providing conj. 倘若 ▲搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 给??提供；以??装备 【考例】His son ____ the old man with all the food and the money he needed. A. provided B. fed C. afforded D. charred [考查目标]考查 provide 的词义。9[答案与解析]A provide 与 with 搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。 12. share 的用法 ▲搭配： share (in) sth. with sth. 和某人分享、 ① 分担、共用某物 ② share sth (out) between / among... 将某物分配、分给?? ③ share joys / happiness and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同 甘共苦 ④ share one's opinion 同意某人的意见 【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare ― you must learn to ____. (NMET 2000) A. support B. care C. spare D. share [考查目标] 此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。 [答案与解析] D 四个选项的含义分别为： support 支持； care 在意， 关心； spare 挤出(时间)， 匀出某物；share 分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让 Clare 学会与人共享 ――把玩具(拿出来)和 Harry 一起玩，share 在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信息 play with your toys as well。故 D 为最佳答案。 13. solve 的用法 ▲构词：solution n. 1. [C] (问题的)解答；(困难的)解决方法 2. [U] 解答，解决 3. [U] 溶解 ▲搭配：the solution to 解决??的办法 【考例 3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution ____ the problem. (2001 北京春 招) A. with B. into C. for D. to [考查目标] solve 名词 solution 的相关搭配。 [答案与解析] D “对于??的解决办法”，介词用 to。 14. total n. / adj. 全部(的) (1) in total 加起来 In total, there must have been 20000 people there. (2) a total of 总共 His expenses (支出) reached a total of $100. (3) the total of...??的总数 The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars. 15. when conj. when 并列连词，= and then，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中：10(1) be doing...when...正在做??突然??I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailor's shop. (2) had done...when...刚做了??突然??I had just sat down when the light went out. (3) be about to do...when...刚要做??突然??I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me. 16. while conj. (1) while 从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动 作发生的过程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea. (2) 并列连词， 表前后两个分句意义相反或相对， “然而” Some people waste food while 意为 。 others haven't enough. (3) 放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于 although。While we don't agree, we continue to be friendly. [牛刀小试 1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空： (compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share) 1. All the novels are considered ____ the young readers in the 1980s. (to have interested) 2. Bob thought it ____ to solve maths problems while others hated it. (fun) 3. The headmaster ignored the ____ between Mrs. Wang and his nephew. (argument) 4. We can't decide. The plan needs to be ____. (considered) 5. ____ with Class Two, ours has more boy students. (Compared) 6. I find a better way ____ this problem. (to solve) 7. Nearly half of the companies ____ the same opinion with the government. (share / shared) 【词语比较】 1. especially, specially especially adv. 特殊地；尤其是 (1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English. (尤其 是英语)11(2) especially 后可接介词短语或从句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring. (尤其是 在春天) Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep. specially 侧重特意地、专门地做某事 (后面常接 for sb. 或 to do sth.) I made a chocolate cake specially for you. 2. boring, bored, bore boring adj. 令人厌烦的 The book is very boring. bored adj. 感到厌烦的 I'm bored with the book. bore vt. 令人厌烦 This book bores me. 有些表示情感的及物动词， 有与 bore 类似的用法。 interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, 如： astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 这类词的现在分词形式，为“令 人??”；过去分词形式，为“感到??”。 3. except for, except, but, besides 表示“除了”的词或短语有： except that (when...) 等。 (1) except 和 but 都表示 “除了??之外。 没有” 二者大多数情况下可以互换； ， 但在 no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等词后多用 but。No one knows our teacher's address except / but him. (排除 him) (2) besides 除??之外， 还??， 有附加性。 What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English 与 other languages 都属于 know 的范围) (3) except for 只不过??，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for 表示细节上的 修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes. 4. know, know of, know about (1) know 用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。I don't know whether he is here or not. / I know him to be honest. (2) know of 和 know about 的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二 者没有什么区别。 5. such as (1) for example“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个” 为例， 作插入语， 可位于句首、 句中或句末。 可用 for instance 替换。 example, air is invisible. For / His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example.12(2) such as “例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的 事物与前面的名词之间，as 后面不可有逗号。Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish. [注意]如把前面所述情况全部举出，用 that is 或 namely。 ☆短语归纳☆ 1. 含 all 的短语 1) first of all 首先 (强调顺序) 2) in all (=in total=altogether) 总共 3) after all 毕竟，终究 4) at all 到底，根本 5) above all 最重要的是 (强调重要性) 6) not (...) at all (= not (...) in the least) 根本不，一点也不 7) all the time 始终，一直 8) all of a sudden (=suddenly) 突然，冷不防 9) all right 行，可以 10) all at once 立刘，马上 11) all day and all night 日日夜夜 12) all over 遍及 13) all alone 独个儿，独立地 14) all but 几乎，差一点 15) all in all 总的说来 16) all together 一道，同时，总共 17) for all 尽管13[例句] I woke up and didn't hear him at all. 我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤， 以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。 You / shouldn't scold her. After all, she is only five years old. 你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need love. 孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要 爱。/ You must have known it all the time. 你一定一直知道这事。 【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ____, she is a great musician. (2004 甘肃、青海) A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual [考查目标] 主要考查四个短语的用法。 [答案与解析] A after all 意为“毕竟．终究”；as a result 意为“结果”；in other words 意为 “换句话说”；as usual 意为“像往常一样”。本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还 是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。 【考例】I'd like to buy a house -- modern, comfortable, and ____ in a quiet neighborhood. (2004 福建) A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all [考查目标] 主要考查 all 构成的四个短语。 [答案与解析] B in all 意为“总共”；above all 意为“最重要的是”； after all 意为“毕竟”； at all 意为“到底”。本句话意思是：我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一 个安静的地区。 2. at all (1)用在肯定句中，“竟然” I'm surprised that you came at all. (2)用在否定句中，“一点也不” There was nothing to worry about at all. (3)用在疑问句中，“到底”“究竟” Have you been there at all? (4)用在条件句中，“真的，确实” If you do it at all, do it well. 3. 含“be + 形容词 + 介词”的短语 1) be good at 擅长于 2) be interested in 对??感兴趣 3) be pleased / satisfied / content with 对??满意144) be famous for 因??而出名 5) be kind / good to 对??好 6) be lost in 沉湎于 7) be active in 在某方面积极 8) be sure about / of 确信 9) be afraid of 害怕 10) be full of 充满 11) be filled with 充满 12) be made of / from 由??组成 13) be generous to 对??慷慨 14) be popular with 受欢迎 15) be confident of 确信 16) be fond of 喜欢，喜爱 17) be angry with / at 对??发脾气 18) be late for 迟到 19) be amazed / surprised / astonished / shocked at 对??感到惊讶 20) be busy doing 忙着做?? 21) be excited about 对??感到兴奋 22) be worried about 担心 23) be used for / as 用于 24) be curious about 对??好奇 [例句] Lin Lin is confident of his ability to get work for himself. 林林确信自己有能力做这活。 He was generous to everybody with money, as a result, he saved little. 他对谁花钱都很慷慨， 结果没 有攒到多少钱。She is very active in helping the poor. 在帮助穷人方面，她很热心。Pop music is popular with the young generation. 流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢迎。Lost in thought, he didn't15realize that I came in. 他陷入思考之中，没有意识到我进来了。I was amazed at the sight so that I didn't know what to do. 看到这一幕我非常惊讶， 不知道该做什么。 Students in Senior 3 are busy preparing for the coming final exam. 高三学生在忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。 【精典题例】 1. -- David has made great progress recently. -- ____, and ____. A. S so have you B. S so have you C. S so you have D. S so you have 【解析】选 A 答句中的 he 指 David，不倒装。“So have you” 意为“你也一样(取得了进 步)”。 2. Little ____ what others think. A. does he care about B. care he about C. about he eared D. about cared he 【解析】选 A little 为否定副词，置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。 3. At school, what he enjoys ____ football. A. playing B. to play C. is playing D. played 【解析】选 C what he enjoys 为主语从句，谓语动词为 be，表语为 playing football。不要误 以为 playing 是 enjoy 的宾语而误选 A。 4. At the ____news, all the women present burst out crying. A. unexpecting B. disappointing C. disappointed D. interesting 【解析】 B 联系语境， 选 所有在场的妇女都哭了， 因此为 disappointing&令人失望的(消息)” 。 5. He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. while D. when 【解析】选 D &when&表示“就在这时，突然”。166. The wolf said in a ____ voice and the scholar felt ____. A. frightened B. frightened C. frightening D. frightening 【解析】选 A frightening“令人害怕”；frightened“感 到害怕”。 7. In our ____ life, English is ____ used. A. wide B. widely C. wide D. widely 【解析】选 B everyday“日常的，每天的”；widely“广泛地”。 8. -- Hello, Mary. I've got a girlfriend. -- What's she like? -- ____. A. I don't know B. She's like her mother, not father C. She likes music D. Not had! Quite pretty 【解析】选 D 表外表给人的印象。 9. The fire ____ for half an hour before the fire fighters arrived. A. had put out B. was put out C. had been out D. had broken out 【解析】选 C be out&火熄灭”，表示状态。 10. It has been suggested that the land ____ equally among the peasants. A. be shared B. should be spared C. saved D. be spent 【解析】选 A suggest 后用虚拟语气。be shared 前可 省略 should。1711. She took ____ in physics and read ____ on the subject. A. as books many as she could B. as many books as she could C. as many books as she can D. as books as she could 【解析】选 B 根据短语搭配和时态一致可知。 12. -- How's the young man? -- ____. A. He's twenty B. He's a doctor C. He is much better D. He's David 【解析】选 C how is sb. “某人身体如何”。 13. Let Harry play with your toys as well. Clare, you must learn to ____. A. support B. care C. spare D. share 【解析】选 D share“分享”；support“支持”；care“在意”；spare“抽出(时间)。节余”。 14. The new dress looks wonderful on you ____ the collar. A. besides B. except C. beside D. except for 【解析】选 D“美中不足的是领子”，表示部分修正。 15. -- What about your classmate, Susan? -- Our teacher ____ her a good and clever student. A. regards B. believes C. suggests D. considers 【解析】选 D consider as?“认为??是??”，as 可省略。18高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit3-4☆重点句型☆ 1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ... you may want to try hiking. Instead 和 instead 0f 的用法 2. Say &Hi& / &Hello& / &Thanks& to sb. (for me) 问候的句型 3. Is anybody seeing you off? 进行时表将来 4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling) 5. You should not go rafting unless you know... unless 引导条件状语从句，相当于 if... not 6. By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的状语从句 7. She was so surprised that she couldn't move. 结果状语从句 8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water. 过去分词作状语 9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 现在分词作状语 10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didn't take long before the building was destroyed. before 的用法 ☆重点词汇☆ 1. means n. 方法；途径 2. experience n. 经验 3. equipment n. 设备194. successful adj. 成功的 5. protect v. 保护 6. handle v. 处理 7. consider v. 考虑 8. benefit n. 利益 9. particular adj. 特别的 10. effect n. 效果 11. combine v. 合并 12. unforgettable adj. 不会忘记的 13. advance v. 前进 14. seize v. 抓住 15. struggle v. 奋斗 16. fear v. & n. 害怕 17. strike v. 敲打 18. destroy v. 毁掉 19. publish v. 出版 20. naughty adj. 调皮的 ☆重点短语☆ 1. get away from 逃离 2. watch / look out 注意，当心 3. go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游 4. as with 正如??一样 5. see off 为某人送行206. on the other hand 在另一方面 7. take care of 照顾 8. get close / near to 接近，凑近 9. tree after tree 一棵又一棵的树 10. as wall as 也，和??一样(好) 11. protect?from 保护??不受??的伤害 12. be surprised at 因??而吃惊 13. be caught / trapped / struck in 被??困住 14. take place 发生 15. go through 通过，经过；经历(痛苦的事) 16. be upon 临近，逼近 17. hold on to 紧紧抓住 18. refer to 提到，说到；查询(信息) 19. look into 注视??的内部；检查，调查 20. for fear of (doing) sth. 惟恐?? ☆短语闯关☆ 下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每 个词 4 分，80 分才能过关，你一定能过关．做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧? l. get ____ from 逃离 away 2. watch ____ 注意，当心 out 3. protect sb / sth ____ 保护／保卫某人(某事物) from 4. see sb ____ 到火车站、飞机场等某处为某人送行 off 5. on the other ____ 另一方面 hand216. as ____ as 也，还，而且 well 7. ____ place 发生，产生 take 8. ____ fire 失火 on 9. pull sb ____ 把??往上拽 up 10. get ____ one's feet 站立起来；站起身来 on 11. go ____ 通过，经受。仔细检查 through 12. ____ holiday 在度假 on 13. travel ____ 旅行社代理人 agent 14. be ____ 逼近，临近 upon 15. ____ exercise 进行体育锻炼 take 16. ____ &Hi& to sb for / from sb 代某人向某人问候 say 17. come ____ with 提出 up 18. go ____ a hike 去远足 for 19. be caught ____ 受困于??，陷于?? in 20. ____ a second 马上，一会儿 in 21. look ____ 往??里面看，调查 into 22. refer ____ 提到．涉及；参考 to 23. hold ____ 抓住，握住 onto 24. sweep ____ 冲走，刮走 away 25. sweep ____ 冲倒，吹倒 down ☆交际用语☆ 1. Where would you prefer going...? 2. How would you like to go to...?223. Have a nice / pleasant trip ! 4. Well, I must be off. 5. It's all right． 6. I'm afraid. 7. Come on ! 8. It scares me. 9. Don't worry. 10. First..., next..., then..., finally... ☆单词聚焦☆ 1. advance 的用法 ▲构词：advanced adj. 高等的．先进的，高深的 ▲搭配： ① in advance 在前头，预先，事先 ② in advance of 在??前面；比??进步；超过 ③ on the advance (物价)在上涨 【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths. A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased [考查目标] 本题考查形容词 advanced 与近义词的区别。 [答案与解析]C “高等数学” 的英译是 advanced maths， advanced 意思是 “先进的。 高级的” 。 2. before 的特殊用法 (1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他， 他就跑出了屋子。 (2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉 已过三周了。) (3) It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。23It won't be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。 3. chance 的用法 ▲搭配： ① by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许 ② by chance 偶然，意外地 ③ take a / one's chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会 【考例 6】(2005 南京模拟)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture. A. work B. luck C. chances D. services [考查目标] chance 的词义。 [答案与解析] C chance 在本句的词义是“机会”。 4. consider v. (1) 考虑 A) consider + n. / doing I consider going abroad. B) consider + 疑问词 + to do You have to consider what to do next. (2) 认为 A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj. I consider Mary as / to be my best friend. They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country. B) consider + n. + to have done I consider him to have acted disgracefully.24除了 consider?as?表认为外，还有 regard?as ?，look on?as?，take?as?，think of?as? 5. cost 的用法 ▲ 构词：costly adj. 昂贵的，贵重的 ▲ 搭配： ① cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱)；让某人付出(代价)／牺牲?? ② at all costs 不惜任何代价．无论如何 ③ at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何 ④ at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价 ⑤ at the cost of 以??为代价，用??换来的；丧失；牺牲 【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them. A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste [考查目标] 本题考查 cost 和它的几个近义词的区别。 [答案与解析] C cost 的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的 名词．而 pay 和 spend 等的主语是指人的名词。 6. effect n. 效果；作用 have an effect on sth. His words had a great pushing effect on his students. (1) be of no effect 无效 (2) come into effect 开始生效；开始实行 [比较] affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall. 7. experience 的用法 ▲构词: experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的25▲搭配: ① by experience 凭经验；从经验中 ② from experience 凭经验；从经验中 ③ gain experience in? 获得??经验 ④ be experienced in? 某方面有经验 ▲友情提示: experience 这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时 解释为“经验”。 【考例】 (2005 山西模拟) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed. A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents [考查目标] experience 的意思。 [答案与解析] C experience 常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。 8. fear n. & vt. (1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词) His face was growing pale with fear. 忧虑；担心的事(可数) There is no reason for your fears. for fear of 由于怕??，以防 He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train. for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防 She worried for fear that the child would be hurt. in fear of 害怕；担心 The thief was in fear of the police. (2) v. 恐惧；害怕，接 n. / pron.26Cats fear big dogs. 恐惧；害怕，接 to do Don't fear to tell the truth. 恐怕；担心，接从句 She feared that she might not find him in his room. ▲构词：fearful adj. 可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕 的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的 ▲搭配： ① be in fear (of) (为??而)提心吊胆 ② for fear of 因为怕；以免，怕的是 ③ for fear that-clause 生怕；为了防止(某事发生) ④ have a fear that-clause 担心／怕(发生某事) ⑤ with fear 吓得，怕得 ⑥ fear (vi.) for... 担心／忧虑?? 【考例】(2004 江苏)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train. A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search [考查目标] fear 构成的短语的用法和意思。 [答案与解析]C for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是 “怕的是??。担心??”。 9. fun n. 高兴；乐趣；有趣的人或事 (1) for fun 为了高兴；为着好玩 I only did it for fun. (2) make fun of 开??的玩笑；取笑 It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.27[比较] (1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑 It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble. (2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑 10. means n. 手段；办法 (1) by means of 用??；依靠?? The water may be carried by means of a pipe. (2) by all means 一定；务必；(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地 Try by all / every means to persuade him to come. (3) by no means 完全不是；一点也不；决不 This is by no means the first time you have been late. 还有： by this means 用这种方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段 【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job. A. ways B. offers C. means D．helps [考查目标] by means of 短语的意思。 [答案与解析] C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。 11. normal adj. 正常的；正规的 the normal temperature, normal behavior (1) regular 规则的；有规律的 keep regular hours 生活有规律；按时作息 (2) common 普通的；常见的 Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的；共同的 have a common interest 有着共同爱好28(3) usual 惯常的；惯例的 It's usual with him to go to the office on foot. (4) ordinary 平凡的；普通的 in ordinary dress 12. once 的用法 ▲ 搭配： ① all at once 突然；同时 ② at once 立刻，马上；同时 ③ (every) once in a while 偶尔，有时，间或 ④ for this once (= for once，just for once) 就这一次； 破例一回 ⑤ more than once 不止一次，多次 ⑥ not once 一次也不 ⑦ once again / more 再一次 ⑧once and again 一再，再三 ⑨ once or twice 一两次；有时，偶尔 ⑩ once too often 又(多了)一次 ? once upon a time 从前 【考例】(2004 上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it. A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless [考查目标] 连词 once 的用法和词义。 [答案与解析] B once 在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。 13. prefer v. 宁愿；更喜欢 (1) prefer + n. / pron.29The boy preferred a detective story. (2) prefer + v. -ing Do you prefer living abroad? (3) prefer + to do She prefers to live among the working people. (4) prefer sb. to do sth. She preferred him to stay at home. (5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢??而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing. (6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ... than do... 宁愿??而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus. (7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用 should do，should 可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen. 14. protect 的用法 ▲ 构词：protection n. 保护(者/物)，防御 ▲ 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止??遭受??；使??免于，保护??使不受 【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____. A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection C. self-respect D. self-service [考查目标] protect 及其派生词的词义。 [答案与解析]B self-protection 是名词，意思是“自我保护”。 15. separate 的用法 ▲ 构词：separation n. [U]分开，分离 ▲ 搭配： ① separate A from B 把 A 和 B 分开30② A is separated from B by? A 和 B 为??所分开／阻隔 ③ separate sth (up) into? 把??分成(几分) ▲辨析： part 都含“分开”的意思。 separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗? divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。 part 指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。 【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed [考查目标] 动词 separate 的词义。 [答案与解析] A separated 和 get 搭配有被动意义，表 示“被隔开；被分隔”。 [牛刀小试 1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空： (advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate) 1. The teacher improved the students' English by ____ of dictation and recitation. (means) 2. All the goods ___me almost half a million dollars. (cost) 3. We must ____ the wild animals from the hunting. (protect) 4. Every baby should be ____ after he is horn. (separated) 5. None of them ____ death when the enemy came into the village. (feared) 6. There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in ____. (advance) ☆词语比较☆ 1. wear, put on, have on, dress, be in, try on31(1) wear v. 穿着；戴；蓄须(发)；磨损；(脸容)呈现，显出 He is wearing an overcoat today. * wear out (把) 穿破； (把) 用坏； (使) 疲乏； (使) 耗尽 I have worn out my shoes. / My patience wore (was worn) out. (2) put on 穿上；戴上(侧重穿着的动作) Put on your sweater, otherwise you will feel cold. (3) dress vt. 给??穿衣服 n. 衣服；连衣裙 dress sb. (in sth.) 或 be dressed (in sth.) 注意： 穿的衣服接在 in 之后。 Mother dressed her baby and then they went downstairs. (4) have on 表示穿着的状态，注意不能用进行时。 At the Spring Festival, all children have on new clothes. (5) be in 表示穿着的状态 There was a girl in red. (6) try on 试穿 Mother was trying on a new dress. 2. strike, hit, beat (1) hit vt. ① 打；敲；击；击中；射中 He hit a ball over the fence. / The stone hit him on the head. ② 使??受到打击 The bad news hit every one hard. (2) beat vt. & vi. ① 连续有节奏地打；敲 The rain heat against the window. ② (心)跳动 His heart had stopped beating. ③ (鸟翼) 扑动 The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on. ④ 打败；打赢；取胜 Our champion can beat all runners in the country.32[牛刀小试 4] 1. -- I'd like to take a week's holiday. -- ____, we're too busy. A. Don't worry B. Don't mention it C. Forget it D. Pardon me 2. -- I was so sure that our experiment was going to succeed, but something went wrong at the last moment. -- ____, but don't give it up. A. Find out the reason B. Never mind C. I'm sorry to hear that D. You don't 'mean that 3. -- I just heard that the tickets for tonight's show have been sold out. -- Oh no! ____. A. I was looking forward to that B. It doesn't matter C. I knew it already D. It's not at all interesting 4. -- We are going to travel to Italy. -- ____. A. Good bye B. Go ahead C. I like to go, too D. Have a good time 5. -- I'd rather have some tea, if you don't mind. -- ____. A. Thank you very much B. Yes, I like so C. No, it's nothing D. Of course, anything you want CCADD ☆精典题例☆ 1. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (NMET 2002 春上海)33A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 【解析】选 C 本题是在语境中考查现在进行时的被动语态。本句意为“雨林以这样的速度 被砍伐和焚烧，会导致它在不久的将来从地球上消失。”体会语境和句意便知此处选择 C 项， 表示现阶段在进行的动作。 2. Twenty-three hours has passed after the explosion in the mine, but rescue efforts to recover the missing ____ carried out. A. are still being B. have already been C. are always D. will soon be 【解析】选 A 本句意为“矿井爆炸已过 23 小时了，但对失踪人员的搜索还在进行中。” 3. -- When are you leaving? -- My plane ____ at 10:45. A. takes off B. took off C. is about to take off D. will take off 【解析】选 A 飞机是按时刻表运行的。 4. -- Excuse me, what time is it now? -- Sorry, my watch ____. It ____ at the shop. A. isn' is being repaired B. doesn' is being repaired C. isn' is repaired D. doesn' is repaired 【解析】选 B doesn't work 说明“手表不工作”的状态，而不只是现在才坏了。后句意为“手 表正在商店里修理”，故应用 is being repaired。 5. John, who is considered ____ a warm-hearted man, is considering ____ his neighbor out of trouble. A. to help B. helping C. to help D. helping 【解析】选 B be considered to be “被认为是??”；consider doing “考虑做某事”。346. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ____ it got worse. A. until B. when C. before D. as 【解析】选 C 意思是“在事情还未变得更糟之前及 时纠正错误”。 7. -- There is something wrong with my bike. -- It doesn't matter. I ____ lend you mine. A. am to B. am going to C. was going to D. will 【解析】选 D be to 表示按计划安排将来的动作，be going to 表示最近打算做某事，will 在 此是情态动词，表示“意志；意愿”。如：I will tell you all about it. 8. Children at the beginning of this century ____ a lot and ____ themselves greatly even without television. A. enjoying B. enjoyed C.
enjoy D. enjoying 【解析】选 B 前后时态要保持一致。35高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit5-6☆重点句型☆ 1. While still a student, she played roles in many plays. 连词 + 名词做时间状语 2. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said? 连词+过去分词做时间 状语 3. When drinking to someone's health, you raise your glasses. 连词 + 现在分词做时间状语 4. It's a custom in China to have some tea before the meal is served. It 做形式主语 5. Many people like this film not just because..., but also because... 并列连词 6. Having good table manners means knowing... 动名词做主宾语 ☆重点词汇☆ 1. comment v. 评论 2. marry v. 结婚363. create v. 创造 4. attack v. 进攻 5. cruelty n. 残酷 6. escape v. 逃跑 7. advice n. 忠告；建议 8. afford v. 花得起(钱、时间) 9. encourage v. 鼓励 10. research n. 研究 11. interrupt v. 打断；打扰 12. apologize v. 道歉 13. pray v. 请求；祈祷 14. forgive v. 原谅；宽恕 15. match v. 相配；相适应 16. manners n. 礼貌 17. impression n. 印象 18. live adj. & adv. 活的；直播的(地) 19. custom n. 习惯；风俗 20. introduce vt. 介绍；引进 ☆重点短语☆ 1. take off 脱掉；起飞；成功 2. go wrong 出错；出问题 3. can't help doing 情不自禁做某事 4. take one's place 代替某人375. run after 追逐；追踪 6. win a prize 获奖 7. think highly of 赞扬??；对??高度评价 8. call for 需要；索取 9. in all 总共 10. play a role 扮演角色(作用) 11. make money 挣钱 12. win over 争取过来 13. work on 从事，致力于 14. owe success to 把成功归功于某人 15. start with 以??开始 16. run away from school 逃学 17. on the air 正在播出的 18. do research 进行调查 19. speed up 加速 20. follow the fashion 追随时尚 ☆短语闯关☆ 下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据 汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词 4 分，80 分才 能过关。你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我 们就开始吧? l. ____ screen 银幕，电影(业) 2. take ____ 成功；成名；脱掉(衣服)；(飞机)起飞383. ____ wrong 走错路；误入歧途；不对头；出毛病 4. owe sth ____ sb 把??归功于某人 5. ____ all 总共；总之 6. stay ____ 不在家，外出 7. ____ school 小学 8. lock sb ____ 将某人锁于某处不得进出；将某人监禁起来 9. run ____ 追赶 10. bring sb ____ 送回某人 11. ____ the air 正在播出的 12. think highly ____ 对??高度评价 13. leave ____ 省去；遗漏；不考虑 14. stare ____ 盯着 15. make ____ about sb 以某人为笑柄 16. drink (a toast) ____ 为??祝酒；为??干杯 17. win ____ 战胜 18. ____ comments on 对??加以评论 19. look sb ____ 看望，拜访某人 20. ____ a role in 在??中扮演角色；在??方面起作用 21. ____ a prize 获奖 22. to sb for (doing) sth 因某事向某人道歉 23. make a good impression ____ 给??留下好印象 24. ____ silent 保持沉默 25. pay a visit ____ 拜访39☆交际用语☆ 1. What do you think has happened? 2. What do you know about?? 3. How do you like?? / What do you think of?? / What db you feel...? 4. May I interrupt you for a moment? 5. Excuse me / Forgive me for... / I apologize for? 6. I'm (very / so / terribly) sorry. It's all my fault. 7. That's all right. / That's OK. / No problem. 8. I wish you all the best. 9. I'm sorry. I didn't mean to... 10. Let's drink (a toast) to...! ☆单词聚焦☆ 1. afford (1) (和 can，could，be able to 连用) 有 (时间、经济等) 条件(做某事) + to do We can't afford to pay such a price. afford + n. / pron. (出得起；买得起等) They donot consider whether they can afford it or not. (2) 经得起 (做某事或发生某事) (多+to do) He could not afford to lose his fortune entirely. 2. apologize 的用法 ▲ 构词：apology n. 辩解，道歉 ▲ 搭配：40① apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology 的 sb for (doing) sth 向某人为某事(为做了 某事)道歉 ② apologize for oneself 为自己辩解或辩护 【考例】 [NMET 1993]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather. A. made B. said C. put D. passed [考查目标] apologize 及其名词的用法和搭配。 [答案与解析]A make an apology 的意思是“道歉”。 3. choice 的用法 ▲搭配： ① make a choice 选择 ② make choice of 挑选，选择，选定 ③ make / take one's choice 任意挑选 ④ have no choice but to do sth 非??不可，除??之外别无他法 【考例】[MET 1993] We've missed the last bus, I'm afraid we have no ____ but to take a taxi. A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection [考查目标] choice 的意思和习惯搭配。 [答案与解析]B choice 是 choose 的名词形式．意思是 “选择”，在本句中构成固定搭配 have no choice but to do sth“不得不干??”。 4. determine 的用法 ▲ 构词：determination n. 决心，决断，决意；决定，确定 ▲ 搭配： ① determine to do sth 决定做某事41② determine on / upon (doing) sth 决定 ③ a man of determination 有决断力的人 ▲ 辨析：decide；determine 这两个词都有“决定”的意思。decide 的含义是“不再迟疑不 定”，而 determine 含义是“把某件事确定下来”。 在 be determined to do?这个固定的结构中。 过去分词 determined 的词义为 “下定了决心” 。 decide 的名词为 decision，determine 的名词为 determination。例如：At first，she decided to go to the police，?起初，她决定去找警察?? ▲ 友情提示: decide 后跟宾语从句时，其含义有时是“断 定”。I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. 我断定我一定是在某处拐 错弯了。 determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context. 脱离上下 The 文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。 注：在 determine to do...，determine on (upon)... 和 determine that...。(宾语从句)三个搭配 中，determine 的词义和 decide 几乎没有多大差异。He determined / decided to learn medicine. 他决定学医。 注：decide sb to do sth 决定使某人做某事 What decided you to give up your job? 什么因素使 你决定放弃你的工作? 【考例】 [2001 京皖春招] Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must ____ the parts that are wrong. A. check B. determine C. correct D. recover [考查目标]determine 的用法。 [答案与解析]B determine 和 decide 在一般情况下意思相同。 5. encourage 的用法 ▲ 构词： ① encouraging adj. 鼓励的，给予希望的，振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的 ② encouraged adj. 被激励的，受到鼓舞的 ③ encouragement n. 鼓励，激励42④ discourage v. 使泄气；劝阻 ▲ 搭配：① encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 ② be encouraged by 受??鼓励／鼓 舞 【考例】 [2004 北京]My advisor encouraged ___a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take [考查目标] encourage 的用法。 [答案与解析]D encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人干某事。 句意为： 我的导师鼓励我参加一个夏 季课程来提高我的写作技巧。 6. escape (vi, vt ) escaped, escaping (1) 逃走；跑掉 + from / out of = run away from The soldier escaped from the enemy's prison. (2)逃脱；逃避 + n. / doing He narrowly escaped death / being killed. There's no way to escape doing the work. escape 还可表示： ① （液体等） 漏出 gas escaping from the pipe 煤气从管中漏出 Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe. 水从排水管中迅速流出。 ② 避免 escaped death 免于一死 There is no escaping him. 怎么也避不开他。 ③ 疏忽，忽略 Nothing escaped his attention. 什么也逃不过他的注意。 You cannot expect that something may escape the teacher's attention. 你不要奢望有什么能逃过老师的注意。 escape n ① 逃走 The thief made his escape. 小偷逃走了。 ②（气体）漏出，泄出；解闷 She reads love stories as an escape. 她读爱情小说解闷。 7. hunt 的用法43▲ 构词：hunter n. 猎人，搜寻者 ▲ 搭配： ① hunt for / after 追猎；寻找，搜寻 ② hunt out 找出；调查出 【考例】He wandered in the street, ____ a new jacket for his nephew. A. hunting for B. waiting for C. shooting for D. aiming for [考查目标]本题考查 hunt for 的意思。 [答案与解析]A hunt for 原来是“猎取”的意思，引中为“搜寻，寻找”。 8. impression n. 印象 (1) impression (on sb.) (给某人)印象 His speech made a strong impression on his audience. (2) impression (of sth.) (对某事物)印象；想法 That's my first impression of the new college. (3) impress sb. with sth. 给予某人深刻印象 = impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记 The teacher impressed on his students the importance of speaking. = The teacher impre- ssed his students with the importance of speaking. 9. interrupt 的用法 vt, vi ① 阻断；中断 Don't interrupt me. 别打断我。Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。 ② 打岔；插嘴 It is rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。 “Don't interrupt,” he said.“别插话, ”他说。 ▲构词： ① interrupter n. 打岔者，打断者 ② interruption n. 打岔．打断，使中断的事物 【考例】[2005 山西模拟] Be quiet! It's rude to ____ people when they are talking. A. stop B. introduce C. prevent D. interrupt44[考查目标] interrupt 的词义。 [答案与解析]D interrupt 的意思是“打断；使中断”． 后接指人或指物的各种名词。 10. marry (1) vi. 结婚 He didn't marry until he was fifty. (2) vt. 和??结婚 Jean is going to marry Hubert. (3) vt. (父母)嫁(女儿) He married his daughter to a businessman. (4) vt. (教士等) 为??主持结婚仪式 We've come to ask if you will marry them. [比较] (1) get married (to sb.) 强调动作 His oldest girl got married last month. (2) be married (to sb.) 强调状态 How long have you been married? 11. moment 的用法 n. ① 片刻；瞬间 He will be here in a moment. 他一会儿就来。At the moment I am working. 此 刻我正在工作。 ② 时机；机遇；时宜 Choose your moment to visit him. 你选个合适的时机去拜访他。 ③ 重要性 a matter of great moment 一件极重要的事情 ▲搭配： ① at any moment 随时；在任何时候；马上 ② at the last moment 在最后关头 ③ at the moment 此刻；(正当)那时 ④ every moment 时时刻刻45⑤ for a moment 片刻 ⑥ in a moment 一会儿，不久；立即，马上 ⑦ the moment(that)... 一??就?? 【考例】[NMET 2004 II] &Can I? I don't think I can,& Racy said with a laugh. &But I do have ____ when things come to me for no reason.& A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments [考查目标] moment 的词义。 [答案与解析] D moment 可以指“时刻”，在本句中用了复数，意思是“一些次”。 12. owe 的用法 owed, owing ▲ 搭配： ①（常与 for 连用）欠，欠债 I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。(也可以是 owe sth. 或 owe sb. sth) The food cost ￡4 , but I only paid ￡3 so I still owe ￡1. 食品要 4 英镑，可我只 付了 3 英镑，因此我还欠 1 英镑。I owe you an apology. 我该向你道歉。 ☆ owe sb sth for sth 或 owe sth to sb for sth 为?欠某人? ② 对?负有义务；感恩；感激 We owe our parents a lot. 我们十分感激父母。 ③（常与 to 连用）归功于；由于 She owes her success to good luck. 她把成功归功于幸运。 The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement. 年轻作家把自己的成功归于 他老师的鼓励。 【考例】[2004 湖北] &How much do I ____ you?& &Oh, no,& Paul said. A. Owe B. lend C. give D. offer [考查目标]考查 owe 的词义和用法。 [答案与解析]A owe 表示“欠”的时候是及物动词，可以接双宾语。 13. reason n. 原因；理由 (1) + to do sth. You haven't any reason to leave me. (2) + for sth. / doing People must have a reason for saying such things.46(3) + 从句；从句用 why / for which 引导 That is the reason why you should leave. (4) for + reason，为了某种原因 He is retiring for reasons of health. [比较] cause“原因；起因” the cause of the fire 火灾的起因(引起某种后果的起因) the reason for being late 迟到的理由(做某件事的理由) 14. role (1) (戏剧中的) 角色 Oliver played (acted) the role / part of Hamlet. (2) (现实生活中的) 身份；作用 What is your role on the Committee? (3) play a...role in... = play a...part in 在??中扮演??角色或作用 The headmaster plays an important role / part in the good running of a school. 15. serve v. (1) 为??服务／工作 A slave serves his master. (2) 接待(顾客) The shop assistant is serving a customer. (3) 侍候吃饭，端(菜)；供应(饭菜) Lunch is served now. (4) serve as 充任(某职务)作??用 She served as a model for several painters. / This box will serve as / for a seat. 16. speed 的用法 ▲搭配： ① at a high speed 以很大的速度 ② at full / top speed 用全速，开足马力，尽力(快)地； ③ with great / an speed 用全速，开足马力 ④ speed up 加速，快点 【考例】We had tried our best but the boss still shouted, & ____!&47A. Speed up B. No hurry C. Wait a minute D. Slow down [考查目标]本题考查 speed 及其构成的短语的意思。 [答案与解析]A speed up 意思是“加速，快点”的意思。 17. stare 的用法 vi, vt -- stared, staring 凝视，注视 He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant. 他盯着这个单词， 努力想记起它的意 思。 [习惯用语] stare one in the face 近在眼前；摆在眼前 ▲辨析：gaze；stare；glare 这组动词的一般含义是“凝视”。 gaze 表示“目不转睛地看”，并含有“惊叹”、 “羡慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如：She gazed at the carpet for some time, and then added, &You don't need bookcases at all.& 她对地毯凝视了 一会儿，然后补充说：“你根本不需要书柜。” stare 特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”，并含有“惊奇”、“傲慢” 或“茫然”的意思。例如： The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. 那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几 秒钟。 glare 表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如：The trapped eagle glared at his captors. 被诱捕到的雄鹰凶狠地瞪着捕获它的人。 【考例】[NMET 1999] ____ him and then try to copy what he does. A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch [考查目标] stare 等近义词辨别。 [答案与解析]D watch 意思是“观察”，是长时问关注；而 stare at 却是“盯着”。含有惊奇、 傲慢的感情色彩。 18. trouble (1) 麻烦； 烦恼； 烦心的事 (可数， 不可数) It is a pity to give you so much trouble. / Life is full of troubles. (2) 困难；费事 (不可数) have trouble with sth. / have trouble (in) doing sth. (= difficulty) Did you have much trouble in finding the post office? / I hope you won't have any trouble with the work.48[相关短语] (1) ask for trouble 自寻烦恼；自找麻烦 What made you write such a letter? It was asking for trouble. (2) (be) in trouble 有烦事；有困难；出事；惹麻烦 He never came except when he was in trouble. (3) put sb. to trouble 给某人造成麻烦； 增添麻烦 I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble. (4) take trouble to do sth. 费心做某事；费心 It was good of you to take the trouble to help us. [牛刀小试 1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空：(speed，owe，encourage，decide，moment， apologize) 1. will never forget the ____ given by Mr. Wang, which helped me overcome a lot difficulty. 2. I have made a ___that every department in our company should buy a computer of this kind. 3. I recognized the man the ____ I saw him at the corner. 4. Since it was a bit later，we had to ____ up. 5. We must ____ our success to our parents and teachers. 6. The parents came from the far-away village, making an ____ for their naughty son. ☆词语比较☆ 1. win, beat, defeat 表示获胜、取胜的词语 (1) win v. 赢??，获胜，接比赛或奖项 win a game / a prize / an honor / a race. / Our team won the game 8 to 7. / He won by five points. / He won her love at last. / He won the first place in the competition. (2) beat + 对手，表打败(尤指体育比赛) I can easily beat him at golf. (3) defeat 表战胜，接对手 The enemy was defeated in the battle. 2. in the end, finally, at last 三者均可表示“(经过周折、等待、耽误)最后，终于”之意。不同的是： finally 一般用在句中动词前面，而 at last 与 in the end 的位置则较为灵活；49三者中 at last 语气最为强烈，且可单独作为感叹句使用。After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Dalian. / At last he knew the meaning of life. / At last! Where on earth have you been? / But in the end he gave in. 另外， finally 还可用在列举事项时， 引出最后一个内容， 相当于 lastly。 Firstly, w secondly, we finally we should make a conclu- sion. 3. by sea, by the sea, in the sea, on the sea, at sea (1) by sea “走海路， 乘船” 用来表示交通方式， by ship 同义。 These heavy boxes should ， 同 be sent by sea. (2) by the sea “在海边”，相当于 by (at) the seaside。The children enjoyed themselves by the sea on Children's Day. (3) in the sea “在海里，在海水中” There are many plants and animals in the sea. (4) on the sea “在海面上” “在海岸边” I want to live in a town with a beautiful position on ， 。 the sea. (5) at sea 在海上；在航海 When he woke up, the ship was at sea. 4. be afraid, be afraid to do sth., be afraid of (doing) sth. (1) be afraid 意为“担心，害怕”，多用于口语，常用来表示一种歉意，或遗憾，后可接 so 或 not，也可接 that 从句。I'm afraid (that) 其语意相当于 I'm sorry, but...。 -- Are we on time? 我们准时吗? -- I'm afraid not. 恐怕不准时。I'm afraid you'll get caught in the rain. (2) be afraid to do sth 常表示 “由于胆小而不敢做某事” She is afraid to be here alone. / He is 。 afraid to jump into the river from the bridge. (3) be afraid of (doing) sth. 常表示“担心或害怕某事(发生)”。I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 5. live, living, alive, lively (1) live adj. ① 活的；活生生的；(只修饰生物；只作前置定语) The laboratory is doing experiments with several live monkeys. ② 实况直播的 (不是录音)It wasn't a recorded show. It was live. ③ 带电的；燃着的；可爆炸的 This is a live wire.50(2) living adj. 活着的，有生命的(作表语或定语) She was, he thought, the best living novelist in England. / The old man is still living. (或 alive) (3) alive adj. ① 活着的；② 有活力的；有生气 作后置定语：Who's the greatest man alive? 作表语：Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people. 作补语：Let's keep the fish alive. (4) lively adj. 活泼的；有生气的；活跃的(作表语或定语) The music is bright and lively. 6. take off, take down, take in, take on, take up (1) take off ① (飞机)起飞 A helicopter is able to take off and land straight up or down. ② 脱下(衣裳等)；取下 He took off his wet shoes. / Who took the knob off the door? ③ 休假；请假；歇工 When his wife was sick he took off from work. ④ (指观念、产品) 大受欢迎；(事业)突然发达，成功 The new type of cell phones has really taken off. / His business began to take off when he was in his forties. (2) take down ① 拿下来；取下来 He reached up to the third shelf of the bookcase and took down a dictionary. ② 记下来 He read out the names and his secretary took them down. (3) take in ① 接受 (房客，客人等)；收留 The farmers took in the lost travelers for the night. ② 理解；领会；明白 The boys could not take in his meaning. ③包括；涉及 The study of physics takes in many different subjects. ④使上当；欺骗 We were completely taken in by her story. (4) take on51① 接受；从事(某工作) After his father died, Bill took on the management of the factory. ② 雇用 Is the supermarket taking on any more assis- tant? ③ 具有(新面貌、意思等) The city has taken on a new look. (5) take up ① 从事某项活动；发展某种爱好 So many young men want to take up writing. ② 开始做(某项工作)；开始学习(某个课程) Then she took up the task of getting the breakfast. / He dropped medicine and took up physics. ③ 占去 (时间或空间) The meeting took up the whole morning. / The table takes up too much room. ④ 接受 I'd like to take up your offer of a ride into town. 7. call for, call on, call up (1) call for ① 来找(某人)；来取(某物) I'll call for you at your house. ②要求；需要 Success in school calls for much hard work. (2) call on ① call on / upon sb. 拜访；去会(某人) I hope to call on you at your office at 3 o’clock today. ② call on / upon sb. to do sth. 请／叫某人做某事 He called upon me to speak immediately. ③ 号召；呼吁；要求 The President called on his people to serve the country. (3) call up ① 给??打电话 (英 ring up) I tried to call you up last night, but no one answered the phone. ② 征召入役；调用 (后备部队) Three boys in our street were called up last week. 8. too much, much too (1) too much “太多” 之意， 可以作形容词， 修饰不可数 名词， 也可作副词， 修饰动词。 There is too much rain here in spring. / She talked too much at the meeting.52(2) much too “简直太，过于”，只能作副词，用来修饰 形容词或别的副词，不能修饰动 词。This book is much too difficult for me. / The old man walks much too slowly. 9. custom, habit (1) custom 指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。They broke some of the old customs. / It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the spring Festival. (2) habit 指个人生活习惯。“(有)养成??习惯”常 用 be in / fall into / get into / form / have the habit of doing sth. 句型；“戒掉??习惯”常用 give up / kick / break away from / get out of the habit of doing sth. 句型。 easy to get into a bad It's habit but its hard to give it up. / The drug easily get one into the habit of smoking. 10. arise, rise, raise raise vt.“使??上升；升起；提高”等； rise vi.“上升；升起”； arise vi.“站起来(stand up)”，“起床(get up)”，rise 和 arise 用作站起，起床都属正式用法； arise 主要表示“出现、发生”等意思。She raised her voice in anger. (抬高) The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground. (刮起) The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother. (=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.) (爬起) She rises before it is light. (起床) Difficulties will arise as we do the work. (出现) ☆短语归纳☆ 1. can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事 She couldn't hep smiling. [比较] (1) can't help but do 不得不??；不能不 When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but get your shoes wet. (2) cannot but 不能不，只能 He could not but feel disappointed. [归纳] (1) help (sb.) (to) do sth. Help me get him back to bed at once. / By helping them we are helping save ourselves. (2) help...with sth. 帮助??做某事 In those days he used to help her mother with her gardening.53(3) help oneself / sb. to sth. 给自己 / 别人夹菜 / 拿烟 等；擅自拿用 May I help you to some more vegetables? (4) help...in sth. 在??方面帮助某人 She offered to help Rose in the housekeeping when I am not here. (5) help out 帮忙 (做事；克服困难等) I've often helped Bob out when he's been a bit short of money. [牛刀小试 3] 1. The reason ____ you failed, I think, was ____ you had turned a deaf ear to your mother's advice. A. because B. because C. that D. that 2. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. (2004 全国卷 I) A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 3. When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year. (2002 上海春招) A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 4. ____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (2003 上海) A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attend D. The president's attending 5. I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (NMET 1990)54A. this B. that C. its D. it 【交际速成】 1. Giving opinions and Making comments 询问看法与作出评价 (2003 北京西城) -- How do you find the talk given by Mr．Smith? -- ____. A. Very well B. Excited C. Boring D. Not at an [答案与解析]C 本题考查对事物提出看法或作出评价的用语。A、B 两项词法错误，若改为 Very good 或 Exciting，就可回答提问了。D 项不合语境。此句完整为：(It's) Boring. 【归纳】英语中询问看法的用语有： ① How do you like / find...? ② What do you think of / about...? ③ What do you feel about...? 2. Describing sequences 按次序描述事件发生的过程 Mother first did some washing and then did some cooking, ____ she had a rest. A. finally B. in the end C. by the end D. at last [答案与解析] A 本题考查如何描述事情发生的顺序。finally 用于在列举一系列内容之后。要 引出最后一项内容的场合；也可与 at last 互换，表示所盼望的事迟迟到来。in the end 强调结 果。有时可与口 at last 意义相同。 【归纳】英语中常见描述事件发生次序的用语有： ① First,.... Next,....Then.... Finally, ....例如: First, we went to Leshan. Next, we climbed Mount Emei. Then we played with some moneys. Finally, towards evening we were on the way back to Chengdu. ② What did you do next? 3. Thanks 致谢55(2002 北京) -- It's been a wonderful evening, Thank you very much. -- ____. A. My pleasure B. I'm glad to hear that C. No, thanks D. It's OK [答案与解析]A 本题考查英语中如何表达感谢及应答。My pleasure 是回答感谢的客套话。 【归纳】英语中表达感谢的用语有： ① Thank you (very much). ② Thanks a lot. ③ Thank you for your help. ④ It's very kind / nice of you. ⑤ Many thanks. ⑥ I appreciate your help. ⑦ I can never thank you enough. ⑧ I'm extremely grateful to you. 应答用语有： ① It's a pleasure. ② My pleasure. ③ That's OK / all right. ④ You're welcome. ⑤ Not at all. ⑥ Don't mention it. ⑦ No trouble at all (没什么). ⑧ At your service (愿为你效劳). ⑨ Think nothing of it.56[牛刀小试 4] 1. -- Thank you ever so much for your help. -- ____. A. Glad to hear that B. Not worth thanking C. Think nothing of it D. You're too polite 2. -- How did you find your visit to the museum, Jane? -- ____. A. Oh, wonderful, indeed B. By taking a No. 3 bus C. I went there alone D. A classmate of mine showed me the way 3. -- ____ the articles of Times? -- I'm not sure. I glanced through them but I haven't formed an opinion yet. A. How do you think of B. What did you like C. How did you like D. What do you think of 4. -- Thank you very much for the meal. -- Not at all. ____. A. I'm very glad to hear that B. I'm glad you could come C. Make yourself at home D. With pleasure ☆精典题例☆ 1. Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (2003 年上 海) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 【解析】选 B take 和 drug 是动宾关系，要用过去分词作状语。可看作是 when it is taken 的 省略。 2. Unless ____ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference. (2003 年春季上海) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited57【解析】选 A you 与 invite 是动宾关系，要用过去分 词 invited 作状语。 3. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 【解析】选 D once begun 在句中作状语；once 这里是连词，“一旦”。 4. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004 年 湖 北) A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 【解析】选 D 相当于 when it is compared。 5. ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (2004 年 上海) A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring 【解析】选 B not only...but also 引导的并列句；以 not only 开头的句子要部分倒装。 6. ____, he used to helped his father on the farm. A. When was a boy B. As he was a boy C. As a boy D. During a boy 【解析】选 C as 在这里是连词；as a boy = when (he was) a boy。58高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析 Unit7-8☆重点句型☆ 1. I can became infected with HIV by swinmaing ... 2. I wish that she were here with me and that we weren't sick. 3. The most important thing to keep ... is to stay calm. 4. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them. 5. Many hospital recommend that we use the letters ... 6. If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would ... 7. As with most diseases and disasters, the young suffer the most. 8. She might have been hit by a car ... 9. Send whatever you find to the hospital to help ... 10. There we're days when I wished that I were dead so that I would not have to feel so sick. ☆重点词汇☆ 1. deadly a. 致命的 2. quiz n. 小测验；竞赛 3. false a. 错误的，假的 4. virus n. 病毒 5. via prep. 通过，经由 6. blood n. 血 7. prevention n. 防止，预防 8. persuade v. 劝服 9. illness n. 病；(身体)小舒服5910. treatment n. 治疗；对待；处理 11. sex n. 性别；性 12. proper a 正确的，适当的 13. available a. 可利用的；有效的 14. network n. 网络 15. specialist n. 专家 16. fierce a. 野蛮的，凶猛的；激烈的 17. cell n. 细胞；单人牢房 18. radiation n. 辐射，放射 19. recover v. 恢复，康复 20. drown v. 溺死，使淹死 21. scream v. 尖叫，呼啸 22. witness vt. & n. 目击，为??作证；目击者 23. response n. 响应 24. slight adj. 轻微的，纤细的 25. chest n. 胸膛；箱子 26. circulate v. 循环，流通 27. wound n. 伤口 28. motorcycle n. 摩托年 29. sudden a. 意外的 30。 loose a. 松散的 31. tap n. (水，煤气等)龙头 32. bandage n. 包扎带6033. ambulance n. 救护车 34. choke v. 窒息，哽住，使窒息 ☆重点短语☆ 1. be / become infected with 受??感染 2. get tested for 测试 3. break down 损坏 4. suffer from 患??病 5. fear of disease 怕疾病 6. lack of 缺乏 7. free from 不受??影响，没有?? 8. cheer up 使振奋，使高兴 9. medicine for cold 感冒药 10. last days of one's life 生命的最后日子 11. a great many 许多 12. samples of blood 血样 13. incurable disease 不治之症 14. go to end 结束。到头了 15. on the contrary 相反 16. for the moment 暂时，目前 17. think of...as 把??当作 18. live life to the fullest 生活得充实 19. first aid 急救 20. first of all 首先6121. roll over 翻转 22. die of 死于 23. in honor of 纪念??，庆祝?? 24. in case of 以防?? 25. keep in mind 记在心上 ☆交际用语☆ 1. A lot of people can't tell the difference between... 2. Are there many differences? 3. What do you mean by... 4. I'm sorry, I don't quite follow you. 5. Do you use American or British spdling? 6. American spellings ale used more and more in Canada now. 7. We must carry her to the side of the road. 8. You should / shouldn't... 9. I ought to go home. 10. Don't try to get up. ☆词汇短语☆ 7. available a. 可用的，可达到的，有效的 The books are readily available for reference. 这些书随时可供参考。 Is Mr. Smith available for the opening of the school? 史密斯先生能参加学校的开学仪式吗? 17. b