【GMAT逻辑题目1】8773-OG16
浏览次数：201 日期： 14:43:55
Herbicides allow cereal crops to be grown very efficiently, with virtually no competition from weeds.
In Britain, partridge populations have been steadily decreasing since herbicide use became widespread.
Herbicides allow cereal crops to be grown very efficiently, with virtually no competition from weeds. &In Britain, partridge populations have been steadily decreasing since herbicide use became widespread. &Some environmentalists claim that these birds, which live in and around cereal crop fields, are being poisoned by the herbicides. &However, tests show no more than trace quantities&of herbicides in partridges on herbicide-treated land. &Therefore, something other than herbicide use must be responsible for the population decrease.&Which of the following, if true about Britain, most seriously weakens&the argument?&(A) The elimination of certain weeds from cereal crop fields has reduced the population of the small insects that live on those weeds and that form a major part of partridge chicks' diet.(B) Since partridges are valued as game birds, records of their population are more carefully kept than those for many other birds.(C) Some of the weeds that are eliminated from cereal crop fields by herbicides are much smaller than the crop plants themselves and would have no negative effect on crop yield if they were allowed to grow.(D) Birds other than partridges that live in or around cereal crop fields have also been suffering population declines.(E) The toxins contained in herbicides typically used on cereal crops can be readily identified in the tissues of animals that have ingested them.&申友解析：P + CP →&C&Herbicides →&weeds ↓&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&↘&partridge ↓& & & & & & &other&cause → partridge ↓&Trace quantities of herbicides in partridge &&Weaken 结论，即削弱&CP，增强&P，即Partridge的减少就是由于Herbicide的原因，所以找weeds与partridge之间的关系增强&(A) weeds减少导致Partridge作为食物的insects减少，所以partridge减少，搭桥增强，正确(B) game bird 原文无关，排除(C) weeds 和&crop 比较，跳出原文讨论范畴，排除(D) 没有提到和herbicide的关系，排除(E) animal 扩大讨论范围，排除&
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获取验证码新东方闫晨晨：GMAT OG2016阅读解析
来源：新东方北京学校
作者：闫晨晨
　　2016版《GMAT官方指南》近日问世了，今天我们一起来分析一下GMAT阅读方面的变化并且通过一篇新文章来解析一下GMAT阅读新趋势。
　　首先，在新版的OG中，阅读部分的题目总数没有发生变化。而是用六篇新文章替换了之前六篇旧文。在这六篇新文中，GMAT还是体现了自己的题材多元化，人文类文章和自然科学类文章都有涉及。尤其是出现了多篇跟女权相关的文章，由于文章语言抽象，缺乏相应背景知识，这也是很多考生在考场上最怕碰到的一类文章。但是GMAT明确表示自己不会考察任何学术背景知识，所以我们在进行阅读是文章不应分题材，所有文章的阅读都应该是强调文章逻辑而不是本身的学术内容。我们具体拿一篇新文为例：
　　It is an odd but indisputable fact that
the seventeenth-century English women who are generally regarded as among the
forerunners of modern feminism are almost all identified with the Royalist side
in the conflict between Royalists and Parliamentarians known as the English
Civil Wars. Since Royalist ideology is often associated with the radical
patriarchalism of seventeenth-century political theorist Robert Filmer— a
patriarchalism that equate family and kingdom and assets the divinely ordained
absolute power of the king and, by analogy, of the male head of the
household—historians have been understandably puzzled by the fact that Royalist
women wrote the earliest extended criticisms of the absolute subordination of
women in marriage and the earliest systematic assertions of women’s rational and
moral equality with men. Some historians have questioned the facile equation of
Royalist ideology with Film and indeed, there may have been
no consistent differenceds between Royalists and Parliamentarians on issues of
family organization and women’s political rights, but in that case one would
expect early feminists to be equally divided between the two sides.
　　Catherine Gallagher argues that Royalism engendered feminism because the
ideology of absolute monarchy provide a transition to an ideology of the
absolute self. She cites the example of the notoriously eccentric author
Margaret Cavendish(), duchess of Newcastle. Cavendish claimed to be as
ambitious as any women could be, but knowing that as a women sehe was excluded
from the pursuit of power in the real world, she resolved to be mistress of her
own world, the “immaterial world” that any person can create within her own
mind—and, as a writer, on paper. In proclaiming what she called her
“singularity”, Cavendish insisted that she was self-sufficient being within her
mental empire, the center of her own subjective universe rather than a satellite
orbiting a dominant male planet. In justifying this absolute singularity,
Cavendish repeatedly invoked the model of the absolute monarch, a figure that
became the metaphor for self-enclosed, autonomous nature of the individual
person. Cavendish’s successors among early feminists retained her notion of
woman’s sovereign self, but they also sought to break free from the complete
political and social isolation that her absolute singularity entailed.
　　很多同学第一句看到出现feminism之后就会心头一紧，继续往后读就会发现本文写的内容非常抽象，很难理解。于是读完之后云里雾里。但是，我们刚提到过，GMAT文章题材其实不重要，关键的是我们要能读懂文章的逻辑结构。那么下面我们一起来解析一下。
　　第一句：
　　It is an odd but
indisputable fact that the seventeenth-century English women who are generally
regarded as among the forerunners of
modern feminism are almost all identified with the Royalist side in the conflict between
Royalists and Parliamentarians known as the English Civil Wars.
　　第一段：
　　第一句逻辑简图：
　　第二句：Since Royalist ideology
is often associated with the
radical patriarchalism of
seventeenth-century political theorist Robert Filmer— a patriarchalism that
equate family and kingdom and assets the divinely ordained absolute power of the
king and, by analogy, of the male head of the household—historians have been understandably puzzled by the fact that Royalist women wrote the earliest extended criticisms of the
absolute subordination of women in marriage and the earliest systematic
assertions of women’s rational and moral equality with men.
　　解析：看到打头的since, 我们可以意识到，在行文逻辑上作者要开始给解释了，那具体解释什么呢?我们先来看到主句，主句说historians
puzzled，应该意识到puzzle跟首句的odd是对应的。所以我们就明确了本句是想解释首句提到的那个fact为什么是odd或者puzzled。
　　第二句逻辑简图：
　　第三句：Some historians have questioned the facile equation of Royalist ideology with Filmerian patriarchalism; and indeed, there may have been no
consistent differenceds between Royalists and Parliamentarians on issues of
family organization and women’s political rights, but in that case one would expect early feminists to be equally divided between the two
　　解析：这句话出现文章难点，不知道各位看官有没有读出本句话的功能以及最后哪个转折的目的?
　　文章之前有提到说”feminism=R” 是奇怪的，原因是R=patri
而patri强调的是男性权利。所以本句就出现了一群历史学家在质疑很有可能R跟patri其实不是真的相同，而且P和R也什么不同。如果真的是这样的话，我们就会预期feminists
在R和P中等分的。很显然这与事实是不相符的。因此这个转折就否定了本句的historian，从而说明R=patri 是不能被质疑的。
　　第三句逻辑简图：
　　第二段：
　　第一句：Catherine Gallagher argues that Royalism engendered feminism because the ideology of absolute monarchy provide a transition to an ideology of the
absolute self.
　　解析：本句CG开始解释R(=patri)为什么可以产生feminism(也就是说feminism=R其实并不odd。)
　　逻辑简图：
　　第二句：She cites the example of the notoriously eccentric author Margaret
Cavendish(), duchess of Newcastle.
　　解析：从第二句开始进一步例证CG的解释。(例子不会出现新信息而且不影响行文方向)
　　后文：具体展开例子。我们在这里就不详解例子了，例子应该是我们快读的内容。那我们一起来快读一下，挑取强词。
　　例子：Cavendish claimed to be as ambitious as any women could be, but knowing that as a
women sehe was excluded from the pursuit of power in the real world, she
resolved to be mistress of her own
world, the “immaterial world” that any person can create within her own
mind—and, as a writer, on paper. In proclaiming what she called her
“singularity”, Cavendish insisted that she was self-sufficient being within her mental
empire, the center of her own
subjective universe rather than a
satellite orbiting a dominant male planet. In justifying this
absolute singularity, Cavendish repeatedly invoked the model of the absolute monarch, a figure that became the metaphor for self-enclosed, autonomous nature of the individual
person. Cavendish’s successors among early feminists retained her notion of
woman’s sovereign self, but they also sought to break free from the complete
political and social isolation that her absolute singularity entailed.
　　文章整体逻辑简图：
　　通过分析我们发现：GMAT阅读文章的新趋势：
　　1. 文章很长，但是我们分析完后发现信息量其实很小
文章题材抽象，但是我们在不翻译的情况下也读懂了文章逻辑结构。所谓文章逻辑结构，就是通过各种动词和连词去强化句内、句间关系;同时能挑出验证关系的强词。
　　那么下面让我们来看几道题目：
　　OG-16-RC96：
　　The author of the passage refers to Robert Filmer (underlined) primarily in
　　A. show that Royalist ideology was somewhat more radical than most
historians appear to realize
　　B. qualify the claim that patriarchalism formed the basisi of Royalist
　　C. question the view that most early feminists were associated with the
Royalist faction
　　D. highlight an apparent tension between Royalist ideology and the ideas of
early feminists
　　E. argue that Royalists held conflicting opinions on issues of family
organization and women’s political rights
　　解析：
　　首先看到题干中最后的in order
to可以先判断出来是目的题，我们总在强调目的题本质考察的是句内句间关系。那么我们回归到句内句间关系上。题目问的RF是在文章第二句。通过我们之前对文章的分析，我们知道第二句的功能是在解释为什么第一句描述的现象是odd的。所以答案应该是D：强调R和feminists之间的敌意(与odd/puzzled对应)
　　OG16-RC97
　　The passage suggests which of the following about the seventeenth-century
English women mentioned in line 2?
　　A. Their status as forerunners of modern feminism is not entirely
justified.
　　B. They did not openly challenge the radical patriarchalism of Royalist
Filmerian ideology.
　　C. Cavendish was the first among these women to criticize women’s
subordination in marriage and assert women’s equality with men.
　　D. Their views on family organization and women’s political rights were
diametrically opposed to those of both Royalist and Parliamentarian
　　E. Historians would be less puzzled if more of them were identified with
the Parliamentarian side in the English Civil Wars.
　　解析：
　　细节题。我们总在强调细节题的本质就是压缩定位范围。通过定位，我们发现本题问的English women
就是那群feminism的forerunner。所以正确答案是E。但是要注意的是E是把文章内容进行了一个双重否定：原文说feminism=R所以非常奇怪;正确选项改写为
如果feminism=P那么就不会那么令人困惑。这样的改写是可以接受的。
　　OG16-RC100
　　The primary purpose of the passage is to
　　A. trace the historical roots of a modern sociopolitical movement
　　B. present one scholar’s explanation for a puzzling historical
phenomenon
　　C. contrast two interpretations of the ideological origins of a political
of a political conflict
　　D. establish a link between the ideology of an influential political
theorist and that of a notoriously eccentric writer
　　E. call attention to some points of agreement between opposing sides in an
ideological debate
　　解析：
　　文章主旨题。本篇文章结构为：第一段描述了一个 odd fact， 第二段给了一个引用的解释。所以正确答案为B
　　通过以上咱们对最新GMAT阅读的文章剖析，不难发现，GMAT阅读新趋势将更加注重考察咱们是否具备读出文章逻辑关系(各种概念间的关系和句间关系
)的能力。所以我们在平时的学习和练习中一定要把握住正确的文章分析方法，培养出GMAT文章阅读的模式才能得到稳步提高。
　　名师介绍：闫晨晨，毕业于对外经济贸易大学金融工程专业。熟悉北美留学考试的本质，对其出题思路有着深刻的理解，擅长教授GRE/GMAT阅读及GRE填空。课上风格风趣易懂，并喜欢把文章阅读及解题思路都进行量化，达到学生的可操作性及实用性。同时，善于引导学生，发现学生做题中存在的问题、有针对性的解决并加以跟踪和强化;还可以帮助学生做时间规划，同时分享备考经验及出国申请经验。
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SEW Eurodrive Getriebemotor R47 DRS80M4BE2/MM11?/MO/XV1A
&macsa FLYMARK 3000 30-Watt Beschriftungslaser Laser
&Lenze EZN3A Netzdrossel
&Kobold Servomotor KSA 248-1 DM-MC/S23/S53/S--1
&Norgren pneum. Wartungseinheit Druckminderer BL64-431
&Parker Direktgesteuertes Wegeventil D1MW11CNJW75
&Siegfried Getriebemotor SMC
&Groschopp Getriebemotor WK 1694201
&PRelectronics Signal Calculator 2289A Ord. Nr. 804036 -used-
&Mayser Sicherheitsschaltleiste SL/W
&Mayser Sicherheitsschaltleiste SL/W
&Lumberg Distribution Block ASBSV4/LED-5 &ASBSV4/LED5 -unused/OVP-
&MURR Transformator TNG 60-230/400/24
&Balluff Power Remote Sensor RPEA 8010 P
&KLOCKNER MOELLER HU-NZM7
&10x PHOENIX CONTACT PLC-RSC-48DC/21-21 Ord.No. 2967248 -sealed-
&Phoenix Contact PSR-SCF-24UC/URM/4x1/2x2 Nr. 2981444 -sealed-
&Carlo Gavazi RM1A48D50 480V 50A Halbleitrelais -unused/OVP-
&Engelhardt Rack inkl. Bedienfeld und Netzteil
&Schleich High Voltage Tester GLP1-E
&Engelhardt Takt 68000 P-8004-01
&Engelhardt Interpolator 68000 P-8002-07 -used-
&K?hler-Marus Schwimmerschalter L1-130V1-60
&K?rner-Marus Schwimmerschalter L1-200V1-150
&&Geiger Handling Roboter S8M186-1-23 + Steuereinheit Yasnac MRC Robotec SK 16
&B&R Servomotor 8MSA3S.R0 + Memotec Schwerlast-Linearf&hrung SLF-00-S-1605-M
&Jetter JetMove 600 JM-603-480
&Vogel Hydraulik Magnetventil 161-300-311
&Honeywell Gas Druckregler L404F 1227
&Honeywell Gas Druckregler L404 F 1235
Benedikt & J?ger Sch&tz K3-18A10 = 60
&Ph?nix contact Interbus IBS IP 400 ME-ELR 2-3A DI4
&Kl?ckner- M?ller Stufenschalter EATON T0-4-8251/IVS
&MOELLER MOTORSCHUTZSCHALTER Z-MS-10/3
&(文：1794-OG16 &来源：1794-OG16)
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