GunCite-Who is Gary Kleck?
Who is Gary Kleck?
Gary Kleck is a Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida State University (see ). His research centers on violence and crime control with special focus on gun control and crime deterrence.
Dr. Kleck is the author of Point Blank: Guns and Violence in America (Aldine de Gruyter, 1991), and Targeting Guns: Firearms and Their Control (Aldine de Gruyter, 1997). He is also a contributor to the major sociology journals, and in
1993 Dr. Kleck was the winner of the Michael J. Hindelang Award of the American Society of Criminology, for the book which made &the most outstanding contribution to criminology& in the preceding three years (for Point Blank).
Gary Kleck's voluntary disclosure statement that appears in Targeting Guns:
The author is a member of the American Civil Liberties Union, Amnesty International USA, Independent Action, Democrats 2000, and Common Cause, among other politically liberal organizations
He is a lifelong registered Democrat, as well as a contributor to liberal Democratic candidates. He is not now, nor has he ever been, a member of, or contributor to, the National Rifle Association, Handgun Control, Inc. nor any other advocacy organization, nor has he received funding for research from any such organization.
Marvin Wolfgang, who was one of the most prominent criminologists, commented on Kleck's research concerning defensive gun use (see ):
I am as strong a gun-control advocate as can be found among the criminologists in this country.
If I were Mustapha Mond of Brave New World, I would eliminate all guns from the civilian population and maybe even from the police. I hate guns--ugly, nasty instruments designed to kill people. ...
What troubles me is the article by Gary Kleck and Marc Gertz.
The reason I am troubled is that they have provided an almost clear-cut case of methodologically sound research in support of something I have theoretically opposed for years, namely, the use of a gun in defense against a criminal perpetrator... I have to admit my admiration for the care and caution expressed in this article and this research. ...
Can it be true that about two million instances occur each
year in which a gun was used as a defensive measure against crime? It is hard to believe. Yet, it is hard to challenge the data collected. We do not have contrary evidence. The National Crime Victim Survey does not directly contravene this latest survey, nor do the Mauser and Hart studies. ...
Nevertheless, the methodological soundness of the current Kleck and Gertz study is clear. I cannot further debate it. ...
The Kleck and Gertz study impresses me for the caution the authors exercise and the elaborate nuances they examine methodologically. I do not like their conclusions that having a gun can be useful, but I cannot fault their methodology. They have tried
earnestly to meet all objections in advance and have done exceedingly well.
&&&&&--- Marvin E. Wofgang, &A Tribute to a View I Have Opposed,& Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
1995, Vol. 86 No. 1.)
Gary Kleck describes how he became a gun control skeptic: ()
Up until about 1976 or so, there was little reliable scholarly
information on the link between violence and weaponry.
Consequently, everyone, scholars included, was free to believe
whatever they liked about guns and gun control. There was no
scientific evidence to interfere with the free play of personal bias. It
was easy to be a &true believer& in the advisability of gun control
and the uniformly detrimental effects of gun availability (or the
opposite positions) because there was so little relevant information
to shake one's faith. When I began my research on guns in 1976, like
most academics, I was a believer in the &anti-gun& thesis, i.e. the
idea that gun availability has a net positive effect on the frequency
and/or seriousness of violent acts. It seemed then like self-evident
common sense which hardly needed to be empirically tested.
However, as a modest body of reliable evidence (and an enormous
body of not-so-reliable evidence) accumulated, many of the most
able specialists in this area shifted from the &anti-gun& position to a
more skeptical stance, in which it was negatively argued that the
best available evidence does not convincingly or consistently
support the anti-gun position. This is not the same as saying we
know the anti-gun position to be wrong, but rather that there is no
strong case for it being correct. The most prominent representatives
of the skeptic position would be James Wright and Peter Rossi,
authors of the best scholarly review of the literature.
[Subsequent research] has caused me to move beyond even the
skeptic position. I now believe that the best currently available
evidence, imperfect though it is (and must always be), indicates that
general gun availability has no measurable net positive effect on
rates of homicide, suicide, robbery, assault, rape, or burglary in the
U[nited] S[tates]. This is not the same as saying gun availability has
no effects on violence--it has many effects on the likelihood of
attack, injury, death, and crime completion, but these effects work in
both violence-increasing and violence-decreasing directions, with
the effects largely canceling out. For example, when aggressors
have guns, they are (1) less likely to physically attack their victims,
(2) less likely to injure the victim given an attack, but (3) more
likely to kill the victim, given an injury. Further, when victims have
guns, it is less likely aggressors will attack or injure them and less
likely they will lose property in a robbery. At the aggregate level, in
both the best available time series and cross-sectional studies, the
overall net effect of gun availability on total rates of violence is not
significantly different from zero. The positive associations often
found between aggregate levels of violence and gun ownership
appear to be primarily due to violence increasing gun ownership,
rather than the reverse. Gun availability does affect the rates of gun
violence (e.g. the gun homicide rate, gun suicide rate, gun robbery
rate) and the fraction of violent acts which involve guns (e.g. the
percent of homicides, suicides or robberies committed with guns); it
just does not affect total rates of violence (total homicide rate, total
suicide rate, total robbery rate, etc.).
---Gary Kleck, Address to the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council Panel on the
Understanding and Prevention of Violence (Apr. 3, 1990) (prepared statement, on file with the Tennessee Law Review).推荐这篇日记的豆列
&&&&&&&&&&&&以下试题来自：
单项选择题Questions 191-195 refer to the following e-mails.
Meridian Finance Group
1247 7th Street, Suite 200,
Santa Monica, CA 90401
Phone: 310-260-2130
Fax: 310-260-2140
To: James Crawford ()
From: Peter Gardner ()
Date: July 25
Subject: Update on the workshop on Friday, August 10Dear Mr. James Crawford,
Thank you for agreeing to conduct the Office Management workshop at Santa Monica Conference Center on August 10. We are excited to hear about your new computer software, which may be a beneficial tool for our business.
In my previous e-mail, I said the workshop would be held in the Ocean Hall, but it has been changed to the Pacific Hall. Please stop at the security desk when you get here and give the security guard your name. The guard will issue you a guest pass and escort you to the proper place.
If you have handouts that you want us to copy before the workshop, my assistant Mr. Patrick Gallaway can make them. If you send him your material by Tuesday, July 30, he will have them ready for you. His e-mail address is . If you have any questions, please let me know.
We look forward to seeing you at the workshop.
Peter Gardner
SourceTec Software Co,LTD．
2707 Woodrow Court．Suite 100
Billings，KS 67601
Telephone：406-238-7444
Fax：406-238-7414
Web：http：//
To：Peter Gardner()
From：James Crawford()
Date: July 26
Subject: Update on the workshop on Friday, August 10Dear Mr. Peter Gardner,
Thank you for your e-mail.
I would like to show you that our computer software can help improve productivity and increase the number of services you can supply your clients with. I’m confident that you’ll find our software quite useful.
On the day of the workshop, I’ll bring our colleague, Mr. Gary Mendell, who will take care of technical issues. Mr. Gary Mendell is one of the computer programmers who developed this software, so he will be able to answer technical questions your employees may have about it.
As for handouts, I’ll contact your assistant on Monday, the 29th of July. There will only be a few pages as most of the demonstration will be given on a computer at the workshop.
James CrawfordWho is Mr. Gary MendellA. An administrative assistantB. A security guardC. A computer programmerD. A receptionist
为您推荐的考试题库
你可能感兴趣的试题
1A. To request job descriptionsB. To indicate interest in a job vacancyC. To provide references for job applicantsD. To accept a job offer2A. Its quick and reliable customer serviceB. Its competitive salariesC. Its customer satisfactionD. Its comprehensive training package3A. Warning and dismissalB. Payment for damages onlyC. Dismissal and paymentD. Dismissal only4A. On July 25B. On July 29C. On July 30D. On August 105A. To promote a newly-arrived productB. To cancel an order within 72 hours before the delivery dateC. To announce a change in the price of goodsD. To explain that an item is not in inventory
热门相关试卷
最新相关试卷【图文】新概念第一册 Lesson129_百度文库
两大类热门资源免费畅读
续费一年阅读会员，立省24元！
新概念第一册 Lesson129
大小：4.40MB
登录百度文库，专享文档复制特权，财富值每天免费拿！
你可能喜欢