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新视野大学英语第三版第三册视听说原文
Unit 1 Access to successListening to the worldSharing Scripts V = V M1 = Man 1, etc.; W1 = Woman 1, etc. Part 1 V: Hi. There are a lot of things that I’d like to do but I’ve never done before. I’m not really a daredevil, so things like bungee jumping are not really my cup of tea, but I do know that trying new things makes you feel good. Today, I’m going to talk to people about trying new things and achievement. How do you feel about trying new things? Part 2 M1: I’m up for trying new things. Depends what they are, obviously, um, some things I wouldn’t try, but I’d give most things a go. M2: I always enjoy trying new things. I like to meet new people and, try new food, see new places, see different things. It’s always nice to see that. W1: I love to try new things. I love to travel. W2: If you try new things, you get more out of life, I think. M3: I’m always up for new things. I I love trying exotic new foods, al seeing new cultures. Part 3 V: What stops you from trying new things? W2: Fear, probably. M2: Time and money complicates trying new things. It’s hard to find time to travel and it’s hard to afford enough money to travel as well. M1: Er, I suppose, if it was dangerous and I could get injured. M3: Probably, at the moment, school C I don’ I’ve got a lot of work. Money, as well. W1: If it’ or … if my stomach just can’ or if I don’t have money. Part 4 V: What have you achieved in your life that makes you feel proud? M2: I’m very proud that I was able to go to Ethiopia and build houses for people who needed it. And, being a part of that team was really special to me. M1: I’ve written plays and people come to see the plays and enjoyed them. And um, I’ve gone out and performed in front of, er, I suppose, thousands of people now and they’ve laughed. W1: I guess um, finishing school, um, with a high level and C so far not a lot C but I’ve learnt French better than I thought I would, so, I’m proud of that, I guess. I’m still learning. M3: Probably proudest achievement is getting A grades in my end-of-year exams C helping me to get a place in university. W2: Well, I feel that I’ve become er, quite a good person and I guess I’m proud of that.Part 5 V: Who do you admire for their achievements and why? M3: Probably business leaders such as Richard Branson um, as he started off, you know as, as hardly anything and then he built a huge business empire and he’s a multimillionaire. W1: I admire my grandmother, actually. She’s not around anymore, but she was a teacher like I want to be and she taught me so much about life. M1: Nelson Mandela, I admire him a lot because er, not only because he was imprisoned, which er, and he survived that for many years and wasn’t bitter. When he came out of prison, I was more impressed with him becoming Prime ... you know, leading South Africa … and holding the country together and changing a country. Not many people er, have the ability or the skills to do that. Listening Scripts T = T J = J P = Peggy T: P: J: P: J: P: So what about your memory, Peggy? How good is it? It’s OK, which is lucky ‘cause I need to remember lots of things. Like what? Well, I’m a sales rep for a publishing company so I’m usually out visiting schools, trying to sell books. So you need to remember ... what exactly? Oh, lots of things. The worst thing when I started was just trying to remember how to get to these schools in my car. I used to get lost all the time. I’m not very good at directions. Then once you’re there you have to remember the names and faces of the people you’re talking to. I once spent a whole hour calling this woman Sally when her name was Samantha. And she didn’t tell you? For some reason she didn’t tell me. And then there’s all the product information. Product information? What, the books? Yes. We sell about 500 different books and I have to know the difference between all of them. I mean, it gets easier, thank goodness, but I still make mistakes occasionally. What about you, John? You’re an actor, right? Yeah. The main thing I have to remember is my lines. Fortunately, I’ve got a good memory for words, and I don’t find it that hard to memorize them. So, I mean, yeah. And the other thing you have to remember when you’re in the theater is the er, blocking. What’s that? Blocking? It’s er, it’s where you stand or, or move to, you know? Er, like, when you say your words you might have to walk quickly across the stage or move in front of someone. It’s all planned and er, you have to remember it. Oh, I see. But it’s funny: For, for other things I have a terrible memory. I’m totally useless. I always forget birthdays and dates. I’m always late for things. It’s just ... yeah ... luckily, I’m OK with my lines. What about you, Tim?T: P: J: P:J:T: J:T: J:P:T: I’m probably the same as all other students. At least all other history students. I have to memorize dates and also names. But it’s not that difficult because you read about them so much you can’t really forget them. But for other things I have a really bad memory. I can never remember jokes or films. Sometimes I’m watching a film and after an hour I realize I’ve seen it already. I’m completely hopeless like that. J: Oh, oh, me too. Tell me... Viewing Scripts CB = Christine B S = S AC = Adrian Chiles CB: Oh ... I’m doing it for real today. S: This challenge is incredibly tough. She is gonna be operating in sub-zero temperatures for over 90 minutes. If she falls in the water too often ... the challenge is over. If she makes this, it will be a true achievement and a true landmark for Sport Relief. S: How are you feel (feeling)? CB: I feel like I am in some sort of a ... odd dream. I really do. AC: All those nerves, all that adrenalin, it’s all gonna come flowing out as soon as we get on the water. S: Yeah, yeah. So ... remove the fear and just keep focused on what you’ve gotta do and that is, land on that beach in Calais. CB: Now it’s just me against the Channel. S: Go! CB: I’m determined not to fall in but I soon realize determination might not be enough. After several falls into the freezing water I already feel like I can’t take much more. S: We’re just about a quarter of the way in and she’s already fallen five times C now that ... that is gonna take its toll without any shadow of a doubt in the later stages. Every time she goes in, I get a bit more worried. The weather’s not looking good. There’s white tops on the waves. CB: But despite my best efforts, the wind and waves mean I can’t stop myself falling. S: She’s fallen in 10 times in just 10 miles. That simply isn’t good enough for this challenge. She has got to dig in now and start to focus. CB: This could be an impossible challenge. S: She is focused. She is in the zone. She’s starting to fly now. Now we start to believe that she could truly make this challenge. CB: My arms and body hurt so much but I just don’t want to give up. S: The hands have gone, the back’s going, the legs are tired, but we’ve still got seven miles to go. AC: She’s turned it around here. The first half didn’t go well. She’s pulled it out of the bag. CB: I can see France. And nothing is going to stop me. AC: Five more minutes and you’re there. Just enjoy this. Keep smiling. Come on! We’re there! CB: I did it! I did it! I could see this from out there. I thought wow, that looks fabulous. S: Everybody around was worried whether she could make this or not. It is an incredibly tough challenge. CB: Oh, that is a very welcome sight.S:The first woman to water ski across the Channel in the winter, having only got on water skis four months ago. She is remarkable. It’s a truly outstanding achievement.Speaking for communicationRole-play Scripts M = M W = Woman M: It’s interesting: One of the most intelligent people I know is a 10-year-old boy from Egypt. He, he doesn’t go to school and he works on a street in Cairo, in one of the touristy areas. And he sells things like small statues of the pyramids, things like that, to tourists. Now, the reason I say he’s intelligent is that he can sell you something in about 15 languages. I once spent an afternoon watching him, and it was incredible. Most of the time he uses English, but he guesses where you’re from by looking at you, and then he starts speaking. He can speak just a little bit of French, Spanish … Japanese, Italian, German, etc. It’s amazing. He knows just enough in all these languages to say hello and sell you something. W: How did he learn the languages? M: I asked him that and he said he learned them by talking to tourists. W: Ah, that is quite amazing. M: So anyway, that’s my example. Like I said, he doesn’t go to school. But for me, he’s super-intelligent. What about you? W: I can think of loads of people who don’t have any qualifications but are able to do really difficult things. I’ve got a friend, for example, who built his own house. He just taught himself how to do it, bought a piece of land, bought the materials and the equipment and just did it. No qualifications, no certificates, no university degree. In my view, that’s a real practical kind of intelligence. M: Yeah, I couldn’t do that. W: Let me give you another example. I’ve got another friend who takes parts of old cars and makes new cars from them. He does it at the weekend as a way to relax. And the new car actually works! M: I couldn’t do that either. W: I wouldn’t know where to start. And this is someone who left school at 15 to do an apprenticeship. But you know, having said that, I do think qualifications are useful in some ways. I mean, for one thing, they show that you are able to complete a course, that you’re motivated and committed enough. M: Yeah, I think that’s true. W: But I must say real-life experience, traveling, going out and meeting people, talking … I think these give you an amazing education, too. M: Exactly. That’s what I was saying. Just like the boy from Egypt. Group discussion Scripts T = Tracy HackstonT: A couple of years ago, er, I learned how to scuba dive which was um, really exciting, really good experience and when you’re learning, half of the, the, the training is in the classroom and half is practical in a swimming pool. So the classroom stuff was fine. Um, I found it really quite easy. I was learning with my mum and she was really worried about doing the kind of more academic stuff and passing the exam but I found that part OK. It was the practical stuff that I had trouble with and she was really lucky. She was um, really good. But you go and you learn all the, the technical stuff, you know, how to go under the water, how to clear your mask if you get water in it, that kind of thing. And then you have to do two dives outside in a, in a kind of reservoir or a quarry or, you know, something like that. But obviously because I’m in the UK, it was really, really cold and we woke up on the morning of our dive and there was ice on the water, so when we got there we were very nervous and didn’t want to get into the water. But once I was in, it was so freezing that I tried to go under the water, but the more I tried the harder it got and then I got very frustrated and started to cry, and then all my ears got blocked up and I couldn’t get under. But eventually I managed it and um, went down, passed my test, did all of the skills that you need to do. Despite the fact that I was so terrible at it I managed to pass and um, now I’m passed, I can go anywhere I want, so I’ll make sure it will be somewhere very hot. So, um, to sum up, although it was a really difficult, really difficult challenge, I’m so glad I managed it. Um … For me, it was quite an achievement and, and I’m proud of myself for having done it.Further practice in listeningShort conversations Scripts Conversation 1 W: Hello, Mr. Williams. This is John Barrett’s secretary. I’m calling to cancel his appointment with you at 10 today as he is not feeling well. M: Thanks for calling. It’s quite all right. We’ll arrange some other time to meet. Q: What is the man going to do? Conversation 2 M: I need to use more than just my math skills for these questions but I don’t have a calculator. Shall I go and buy one? W: Actually, I’ve got two. And I’ll let you have one for the price of a coffee. Q: What do we learn about the woman from this conversation? Conversation 3 M: Professor Smith, I’d like to have your advice as to my career development in the future. W: It’s my pleasure. I think you are good at abstract thinking. I am sure you’ll make it if you pursue your graduate work in theoretical physics. Q: What does the woman advice the man to do? Conversation 4 W: I can’t believe Ken missed such an important lecture even though I reminded him the daybefore yesterday. M: You should know him better by now. He’s known for taking everything in one ear and straight out the other. Q: What does the man imply? Conversation 5 W: I hear you’re working as a market surveyor this summer. It’s got to be awfully difficult going to so many places in such hot summer days. M: Well, it is challenging, but I get to meet lots of new people and the pay is decent enough. Q: What does the man think of his job? Long conversation Scripts W: Thanks for meeting with me, Dr. Pearl. I need permission to drop your class, Literature and Writing. M: It’s only the second week of class, Stacey. Why are you giving up so quickly? We’ve only written one essay so far, and you won’t get your grade back until next Wednesday! W: I know, sir. But as a third-year engineering student, I don’t want to risk lowering my grade point average by scoring poorly in a writing class! M: OK … What’s worrying you? W: I spent two weeks reading Great Expectations, and then it took me 10 hours to write the three-page essay. Well, engineering courses are easy but important, as we know. But a writing course … I don’t know. I’ll just take a film class next semester, not hard at all C a two-paragraph review for each film. That will cover my humanities requirements. M: OK Stacey, listen: In college, I was the opposite. M literature was easy. But later, when I opened my coffee shop, The Found Librarian, located on the 15th street, math helped me! W: Wait! You own The Found Librarian? That’s our favorite coffee place. We get coffee and screenplay at more than 30 different production dessert there every week C and work on math homework. M: Yeah, that’s my shop. Stacey, let’s reconsider. Success in life needs a variety of skills. Humanities majors need math. Engineering majors need writing skills. This writing class will serve you well. Go to the University Writing Center and sign up for free tutoring. Then stop by my office each Friday at 11 a.m. and I’ll work with you. Together you can succeed in becoming a strong writer. A good deal? W: Yes! Thank you, Dr. Pearl! Passage 1 Scripts In 1978, as I applied to study film at the University of Illinois, my father objected and quoted me a statistic, “Every year, 50,000 performers compete for 200 available roles on Broadway.” Against his advice, I boarded a flight to the US.Some years later, when I graduated from the film school, I came to understand my father’s concern. It was nearly unheard of for a Chinese newcomer to make it in the American film industry. Beginning in 1983, I struggled through six years of annoying, hopeless uncertainty. Much of the time, I was helping film crews with their equipment or working as editor’s assistant. My most painful experience involved shopping a screenplay at more than 30 different production companies, and being met with harsh rejection each time. That year, I turned 30. Yet, I couldn’t even support myself. What could I do? Keep waiting, or give up my moviemaking dream? My wife gave me strong support. Her income was terribly modest. To relieve me from feeling guilty, I took on all housework C cooking, cleaning, taking care of our son C in addition to reading, reviewing films and writing scripts. It was rather shameful for a man to live this kind of life. Afterward, I enrolled in a computer course at a community college. At that time, it seemed that only the knowledge of computer could quickly make me employable. One morning, right before she got in her car to head off to work, my wife turned back and C standing there on our front steps C said, “Ang Lee, don’t forget your dream.” Sometime after, I obtained funding for my screenplay, and began to shoot my own films. After that, a few of my films started to win international awards. Recalling earlier times, my wife confessed, “I’ve always believed that you only need one gift. Your gift is making films.” And today, I’ve finally won that golden statue. I think my own perseverance and my wife’s immeasurable sacrifice have finally met their reward. Q1: When did Ang Lee come to understand his father’s concern about studying film? Q2: What was Ang Lee’s most painful experience according to the passage? Q3: Why did Ang Lee enroll in a computer course at a community college? Q4: What did Ang Lee’s wife think of him according to the passage? Passage 2 Scripts and answers Nothing succeeds like confidence. When you are truly and justifiably confident, it radiates from you like sunlight, and attracts success to you like a magnet. It’s so important to 1) believe in yourself. Believe that you can do anything under any 2) circumstances, because if you believe you can, then you really will. That belief just keeps you 3) searching for success, and then pretty soon you can get it. Confidence is more than an attitude. It comes from knowing exactly where you are going, and how you are going to get there. It comes from 4) a strong sense of purpose. It comes from a strong commitment to take 5) responsibility, rather than just let life happen. One way to develop self-confidence is to do the thing you fear and get a record of successful experiences behind you. Confidence does not equal self-importance. Self-importance is born out of fear and 6) insecurity, while confidence comes from strength and 7) integrity. Confidence is not just believing you can do it. Confidence is knowing you can do it, and knowing that you are capable of 8) accomplishing anything you want. Anything can be achieved through focused, determined effort, commitment and selfconfidence. If your life is not what you 9) are longing for, you have the power to change it, and you must make such changes on a moment by moment basis. Live with your goals and your planof action, and live each moment with your 10) priorities in mind, then you will have the life you want.Unit 2 Emotions speak louder than wordsListening to the worldSharing Scripts P = P W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc. Part 1 P: Hello. I’m in a really good mood today. The sun is out and that always brings a smile to my face. How are you feeling today? Part 2 W1: I’m feeling … stressed due to a lot of work. M1: I’m feeling quite happy and confident. The weather certainly helps: It’s a bright, sunny day, so I’m feeling quite optimistic. W2: I’m excited about my project for school. We’re doing a documentary on film. W3: I’m feeling pretty good. I’m feeling good ‘cause um, I’m on a da we’re having a fun time. M2: Very happy, very relaxed. Er, we have a day off, my wife and I. M3: I’ve er, had a good start to my day. I woke up early and I had a good breakfast, so I suppose I’m feeling well-balanced and optimistic about my afternoon. W4: Really good. It’s a beautiful day, the sun’s shining and er, I’m just wandering about London. It’s nice. Part 3 P: Would you describe yourself as an optimist or a pessimist? W1: One hundred percent optimist. I think that you always have to look on the bright side. And I know it’s cheesy, but it’s best to think what you can do, not what you could have done. M1: I think I am an optimist. I … I think generally I look on the bright side. I hope I see the best in people. I don’t expect bad, you know, disasters or, or … to be let down in things. M3: I’d say I swing between the two. I mean, I, I’m pretty optimistic about my, myself. W3: I’m very optimistic. Um, whenever I get um, in a tricky situation I might get a bit frustrated at first, but I always manage to pull myself through and think of the positives. M2: I consider myself to be more of a “functional pessimist”. Um, I do tend to plan and cater for the worst case, but more often than not I’m happily surprised when things go well. W4: Probably an optimist, but I like to be realistic about things and then I’m not disappointed. Part 4 P: What’s the best thing that’s happened to you this year? M2: The best thing that has happened to me in the last 12 months is the success of the business that my wife and I opened in Oxford last June. M1: The best thing that’s happened to me this year is the success I’ve had in the garden, growing vegetables and flowers. W1: I got all distinctions, all distinction stars and A stars in my er, last projects in Art.W2: I went to Canada to visit my father with my boyfriend, um, a couple of weeks ago and that was really nice: We got to see lots of amazing sights. W3: Um, getting into university. It was really er, difficult ‘cause there was a, there’s (there were) a lot of applicants, um, at very high standard and I managed to er, get a spot. W4: The best thing that happened to me this year was getting a job um, as a trainee solicitor at a firm in London. I’m really excited about it: It’s very difficult to get into and it’s um, like, the culmination of a lot of hard work over a long time. So, I’m really happy about it. Listening Scripts R = R C = C P = P M = Man R: Welcome to Start the Day! C: Hello. Can I help you? Your call is important to us. Hello. Can I help you? Sorry, all our operators are busy at the moment. Please hold. M: They put you in a queue for ages, listening to this terrible music. When you finally speak to someone, you’re so angry, you just want to shout... R: Anger. We all know the feeling. A report out last year shows that people are getting angrier. One in 10 people say that they’ve trouble controlling their temper. Traffic jams, airports, call centers, computer crashes C they can all leave us feeling angry, and anger is difficult to control. Or is it? Professor Miller from the Metropolitan University is here to tell us about two very different therapies to help deal with stress. First of all, destruction therapy. What’s that about? P: Well, basically, the idea is that a lot of people, when they get angry, they don’t know what to do with their anger C they don’t deal with it very well. They just keep it inside. But, if you don’t deal with your anger, sooner or later it will explode. So, with destruction therapy, you use your anger to destroy something, but in a controlled way, and the idea is that if you do that, it helps you to feel better. R: OK, I get angry a lot. Can destruction therapy help me? P: Perhaps. We can try it. What we do is we take you to a place full of old cars. When we get there, I’ll give you a hammer, and you can use it to smash a car to pieces. R: Really? Is it that simple? If I smash the car to pieces, will I feel better? P: Yes, a little. But that’s only the beginning. Then, I’ll ask you to think about a situation in the past when you felt really angry. And when you think about that anger situation, you’ll hit the car much harder. And the therapy will be much more satisfying. When we finish the session, you’ll feel much better. R: That’s amazing, and businesses are using this kind of therapy in Spain, is that right? P: Yes, there are some old hotels in Spain. You can pay to go and destroy the hotel. So, some companies who feel that their workers are stressed, or they need to build a team, send their workers to destroy the hotel. And it’s a good way for them to get rid of that stress. It works. R: That’s incredible. But there’s another idea I want to ask you about. People say that laughter is the best medicine. And nowadays, laughter therapy is used in hospitals to help people with pain. P: That’s right. R: So, how does that work?P: Well, if people laugh about something, they feel better. On average, children laugh up to 400 times a day, but when we grow up, we only laugh about 17 times a day. And it’s not enough, because when you laugh, your body produces chemicals C and these chemicals make you feel happier. And they also make you feel less pain. So, in Mexico, for example, they use laughter therapy in hospitals. A group of people go around the hospital, visiting the patients, and, basically, they make them laugh, by telling them jokes, or doing something funny. R: And does it really work? Do people feel better afterwards? P: Absolutely! They feel better, and they don’t need medicine. R: That’s brilliant. So, in Mexico, laughter really is the best medicine? P: Yes, it looks like it. That’s right … Viewing Scripts I = I M = M AC = Angel C R = R T = Tess I: M: I: AC: I: AC: R: T: R: M: AC: I: T: I: T: I: AC: T: AC: T: AC: T: AC: T: AC: We can’t get there without walking through it. That’s that then. I’m going back to bed. Marion, get back here, now. Good morning ladies, and how lovely you all look. Now I see the problem. Perhaps I can be of assistance. Who’s first? First for what, sir? I’ll carry you across the water. And don’t go away. I’m supposed to put my arms around his neck and, put my face against his and, feel his arms around me and put my face against his … I don’t think I can. There’s nothing in it, Retty. That’s what you say. I think I’m going to burst. Thank you, Mr. Clare. Retty, a nice easy one this time. I’m going to kiss him. I don’t care what happens, I’m going to kiss him. You wouldn’t mind, would you, if I tried? I know that you’re his favorite and all. Izzy. But I’ve got to try, haven’t I? I might never get another chance. How do I look? Do I look pretty? Tell me, Tess. Very pretty, Iz. Here I go. Wish me luck. What are you doing? I think I can climb along the bank after all. Tess, no! Really I’m quite all right. Tess! And you must be so tired. I’ve undergone three quarters of the labor just for this moment. They are much better women than I, all of them. Not to me.T: AC: T: AC: T: AC: M: I:I’m not too heavy? Compared to Marion, you’ you’re a billow warmed by the sun. That’s very pretty C I seem like that to you. I didn’t expect an event like this today. Nor I. The water came up so quickly. That’s not what I meant, at all. Ladies. Come on, we’ll be late. I was sure he was going to kiss me.Speaking for communicationRole-play Scripts Conversation 1 W = W M = Man W: M: W: M: W: M: W: M: W: M: We’ve got something to tell you. What’s that? We’re getting married. Wow! That’s fantastic. Congratulations! There’s one thing I’ve got to tell you though. Really? What’s that? I’m afraid you’re not invited. Oh, that’s a shame. It’s going to be a very small wedding. I see.Conversation 2 W = W M = Man W: M: W: M: W: M: W: M: W: M: Hello. You came in for a job interview last week. Yes, that’s right. Firstly, I’d like to say that we were very impressed with your interview. Oh. Thank you. However, I’m sorry to have to tell you, but we’ve offered the job to someone else. Oh. That’s a shame. Thanks, anyway. I’m afraid the other candidate had more experience. I understand. But, we’d like to keep your details, in case another job comes up in the future. OK.Conversation 3 W1 = Woman 1; W2 = Woman 2W1: You’ll never guess what. W2: What? W1: I’ve just won some money on the Spanish lottery. W2: Oh, you’re joking?! W1: No, really. W2: That’s amazing! How much did you win? W1: One thousand Euros. W2: Oh, you lucky thing! How fantastic! How are you going to spend it? W1: Actually, I’ve got so many bills to pay. I’ll spend it on that. W2: Well, it’s good news anyway. Conversation 4 M1 = Man 1; M2 = Man 2 M1: M2: M1: M2: M1: M2: M1: M2: M1: M2: M1: I’m afraid I’ve got some bad news. What is it? I’ve crashed the car. Oh no. That’s terrible! Are, are you OK? Yes, I’m fine. That’s lucky. But, I’m afraid the car isn’t. Oh, that doesn’t matter. You can get the car fixed. Unfortunately, it was your car. My car? You mean you crashed my car? How did that happen? Well, you see, I ...Conversation 5 W = W M = Man W: M: W: M: W: M: W: M: W: M: I’ve got some good news for you. What is it? You know, I was waiting to hear from the university? Yes. Well, I’m really pleased to tell you they’ve offered me a place. That’s wonderful news! Well done! I’m so pleased for you. There’s only one problem. What’s that? It means I’m leaving home. Yes, of course. But it’s fantastic news.Conversation 6 W = W M = Man W: Guess what!M: W: M: W: M: W: M: W: M: W:What? I got the promotion. That’s fantastic! Yes, but there’s something I’ve got to tell you. What’s the matter? I’m sorry, but we’ll have to cancel the holiday. What do you mean? Unfortunately, I can’t go on holiday. I’ve got too much work to do. Oh, no. That’s really annoying. I was looking forward to it. I know. I’m really sorry.Conversation 7 W1 = Woman 1; W2 = Woman 2 W1: Bad news, I’m afraid. W2: What is it? W1: Steve’s lost his job. W2: Oh, no. That’s awful! I’m really sorry to hear that. W1: Do you want to hear the good news though? W2: Yes. W1: The company is paying him ?30,000! W2: Really? W1: He’s going to travel around the world. W2: That’s amazing! Group discussion Scripts SV = Stig Vatland SV: One of the most, er, memorable moments, or not moments rather events, in my life, er, was a couple of years ago. Um, it all started one day when I was at work, and my brother phoned me out of the blue and said um, “What are you doing the weekend of Sept 23rd?” or whatever it was. I said, “I don’t know.” He said, “Well, book a flight to Norway.” My brother lives in Norway, and I live in England, so I said, “Why?” He said, “Oh I’ll let you know when you get there C it’s a surprise.” So weeks went on, and I tried to work out what this could be, but I had absolutely no idea. So the weekend in question came about … I went to the airport, got on my flight, and er, I was met there by somebody I’d never met before. He just came up and said, “Are you Stig?” I said, “Yes.” He said, “OK. Come with me.” So I went with him to the car. We drove for a little while, and I tried to kind of get it out of him where we were going, but he wouldn’t tell me anything. He pulled up outside a hotel, and there was my brother, and my half-brother, and my two half-sisters there waiting for me. I was thinking “What on earth is going on?”And my brother just said, “I realize that we don’t spend enough time together, so I’ve gathered you all here and I’ve planned a weekend for you.” We’re like “Oh, cool! So, what are we doing?” “I’m not telling you.” “OK fine.” Nextthing we got on a boat and er, he took us out to a lighthouse. And the first night we spent er, eating Norwegian prawns, drinking beer, and we slept in the lighthouse. Next morning we got up, drove off in his car, we said, “Where are we going?” He said, “I’m not telling you.” He took us to a local shopping center and said er, “I realize I’ve done OK in life. I’ve done better than you guys. Here, have a load of money. I want you all to go shopping and buy stuff that you wouldn’t normally buy with this money.” He said, “The one condition is you’re not allowed to buy a gift for me or my family.” So off we went in different directions, spent all his money, and er, bought some very nice things, met back again. In the evening, he took us out to a blues concert, then he took us for a five-course meal. And er, we stayed that night in a very nice hotel. The next morning we had breakfast, I got back on a plane and went back to England. Yeah, that weekend is one of my happiest memories.Further practice in listeningShort conversations Scripts Conversation 1 W: What’s up? You look so upset and tired. M: To be frank, I am getting a little tired of my sister’s vanishing without any explanation, especially when there is a lot of work to do around the house. Q: How does the man feel about his sister? Conversation 2 W: What’s wrong with Professor Smith? I can’t imagine that he lost his temper this morning. When I first met him, he looked so gentle and kind. M: Oh, don’t make a fuss about it. If you know him, then you’ll also know it’ll pass very soon. Q: What does the man say about Professor Smith? Conversation 3 W: You mean Horace is still angry about that joke you made about his name? M: Yes. But I couldn’t help it. It just occurred to me at that moment. I didn’t mean to offend him at all! Q: What do we know about the man? Conversation 4 W: By the way, did you hear that Jack failed his mid-term exam? It’s too bad because it will disqualify him for next year’s scholarship, and his parents will be really disappointed with him. M: He deserved it. He’s never really studied since last semester. Q: How does the man feel about Jack’s failing the exam? Conversation 5 W: I have been thinking about the interview all week. I’m so desperate for this job, I can’t afford any mistakes. M: Take it easy. You’ve made enough preparations. What you really need is a little bit ofconfidence. I’m sure you’ll get the job. Q: What do we learn about the woman? Long conversation Scripts W: Happy Friday Chris! Isn’t that mountain beautiful today … Gosh Chris, are you OK? Are you crying? Did I say something? M: No, it’s fine, Sally. It’s just that today is the one-year anniversary of my father’s death. W: I’m so sorry. Today must be especially difficult. M: I woke up this morning, looked out at Mount Rainier for 45 minutes thinking about him. It was his favorite mountain, and from the time when I was seven years old until he died last year, every year, every year we would go hiking and camping together up that mountain at least three or four times. W: Wow. That’s my favorite place, too. I love all the blue and yellow flowers that cover the slopes in early summer. M: He loved those flowers, too, and we had baskets and bunches of them at the funeral. W: That sounds really special. Those little details can be such a comfort. M: Yes, it was a reminder of our happiest memories together. Honestly, I hope to die as peacefully as he did. We had just come home from a five-day hiking and camping trip in June. We had caught six fish for dinner and mom was preparing them in the kitchen. Dad sat down in his favorite green chair and had a heart attack and died quickly and peacefully. W: It’s tough to lose someone you love, but it sounds like he had a great life. M: He certainly did. He was 78 when he died. A good life, though, a very good life. W: Chris, take the day off. Maybe go hiking on Mount Rainier. It’s beautiful weather. It might make you feel better to hike up the mountain. M: Sally, you’re a good boss and a good friend. Thanks. Passage 1 Scripts With the fierce competition at work or in school, you are often stressed out and easily offended. How can you relieve such stress? Follow the following tips to reduce your stress to manageable levels! Avoid MUST think. You have to move away from the notion that you must do something in a certain way. For example, “I must get a great score on a test.” This thought pattern only adds to the stress you’ll feel. Evaluate your situation rationally and analytically, and not as a “life or death” situation. Clean up the mess. Don’t study in a messy or crowded area. Clear yourself a nice, open space that’s free from distractions. Set manageable goals. Break large projects into smaller parts and you’ll feel a positive sense of accomplishment as you finish each part. Imagine dumping your worries. Imagine yourself walking on a beautiful beach, carrying a sand bucket. Stop at a good spot and put your worries into the bucket. Drop the bucket and watchas it drifts away into the ocean. Think good thoughts. Create a set of positive but brief assumptions and mentally repeat them to yourself just before you fall asleep at night, and you will feel a lot more positive in the morning. Imagine yourself succeeding. Close your eyes and remember a real-life situation in which you did well. Imagine facing your stressful situation with the same feeling of confidence. Use your bed for sleeping, not studying. Your mind may start to associate your bed with work, which will make it harder for you to fall asleep. Listen to relaxing music. If you want to play music, keep it low in the background. Classical music especially can aid the learning process. Apply these tips to your own life, soon you’ll find fewer and fewer situations to feel stressful about. Q1: What will happen if you always think that you must do something in a certain way? Q2: How can you make large projects workable according to the passage? Q3: What is the benefit of classical music mentioned in the passage? Q4: What is the best title for the passage? Passage 2 Scripts and answers Moods, say the experts, are emotions that tend to become fixed, 1) exerting an influence on one’s outlook for hours, days or even weeks. That’s 2) fabulous if your mood is a pleasant one, but it will be a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry or lonely. Perhaps one of the best ways to deal with such moods is to 3) talk them out. Sometimes, though, there is no one to listen. Modern science offers an abundance of drugs to deal with bad moods. But scientists have also discovered the practicability of several non-drug 4) approaches to release you from an unwanted mood. These can be just as useful as drugs, and have the added benefit of being healthier. So, the next time you feel out of sorts, don’t 5) head for the drug store C try the following approach. Of all the mood-altering self-help techniques, physical exercise seems to be the most 6) efficient cure for a bad mood. “If you could keep up the exercise, you’d be in high spirits,” says Kathryn Lance, author of Running for Health and Beauty. Obviously, physical activity 7) is linked with mood changes. Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise 8) compare favorably to drugs as a mood-raiser. Physical exertion such as housework, however, does little help, probably because it is not intensive enough, and people usually do it unwillingly. The key is physical exercise C running, cycling, walking, swimming or other sustained activities that 9) boost the heart rate, increase circulation and improve the body’s use of oxygen. Do them for at least 20 minutes a 10) session, three to five times a week.Unit 3 Love your neighborListening to the worldSharing Scripts V = V W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc. Part 1 V: Hi. I live in a block of flats and I know a few of my neighbors really well. We like similar things so we socialize quite a lot. Today, I’m going to ask people about their neighbors. How well do you know your neighbors? Part 2 W1: Um, I know my neighbors quite well. I moved in a year ago and I live in the middle flat, and, it’s a house that’s broken into three flats. Um, the guys upstairs moved in a year ago as well and um, the guys downstairs have been there for a few years, but we all have a communal garden um, so we get to use that space together. W2: Er, virtually not at all. Um, I’ve er, I live in a flat and I moved into the flat about er, six months ago. M1: Yeah, I know them quite well, but I don’t, er, some I get on with and some I don’t. Some I want to get on with and some I don’t want to get on with. W3: Um, not at all. I’ve never even seen them. Um, no, I don’t know them at all, quite honestly. Part 3 V: What makes a good neighbor? W1: A good neighbor is someone that you can trust, that you could leave your key with, that you could ask to water your plants or feed your cat. W2: I think what makes a good neighbor is someone who looks out for you, er, and you look out for them as well. M2: Knowing when to interfere
being friendly at the right times but not being intrusive. W3: A good neighbor would be someone who’ um, who always keeps in mind that … they do have neighbors C whether it be noise or trash, just keeping up their property, making it a nice place that people will want to come home to. M1: Someone who you can trust and doesn’t cause you any grief. Part 4 V: What about a bad neighbor? W1: A bad neighbor is someone that forgets that you exist as well, and has loud music until 6 a.m. M2: Not respecting privacy, um, not understanding what your neighbor wants and not just in that sense, but in the sense of not participating, not doing things when a neighbor needs help. W3: Someone who is not considerate, who, whether it’s a lot of noise or a lot of trash, doesn’t upkeep their property, um, who’s not really friendly.Part 5 V: Tell me about the best or worst neighbor you’ve ever had. W3: Um, she was a lady who lived above me and she was very quiet, very nice. She would oftentimes come and, kinda, check on me, see if I’m OK, so we would kind of chit-chat, so I got to know her pretty well, which was pretty nice. W2: The worst neighbor I’ve ever had lived next door to me er, in the last house I was in, er, and he was just very noisy all the time, day, day and night. You were constantly, constantly aware of him. M2: One night I was um, about eight o’clock, I heard a noise outside and I opened the windows and a loud voice said, “Get down, crouch down.” And it was clearly a policeman, um, and I had to stay crouched down and in my garden at the back three policemen shot in and shot over the wall and it turned out that I was living next to the “number two” in the main criminal gang in North London C and they were arrested and taken away. Listening Scripts L = Lynn L: In real life my husband and I are both artists, visual artists. We paint landscapes and portraits. Well, we’ve been using the website for about two years now. And about a year ago we started an artists’ colony on the Internet, and it’s been great. There are people like us who work in the arts, but also other people. And we show our paintings, and it’s brought some business for us. It’s a very creative kind of community, and we love it. We really do. R = Rick R: There is definitely a community of bloggers. It’s a very 21st-century community, which means no one knows one another personally. Bloggers might tell you their thoughts but, er, you don’t know them as people. The guy who wrote this, who says he’s a 50-year-old American university professor, might be a 16-year-old girl from Bombay C we just don’t know. But the best blogs have a following, who are very loyal readers. These are people who log on every day. And they get really engaged in the content. Well, that, to me, is a community. A = Abbie A: The website which I use the most is a social networking site. It’s like Facebook or MySpace. I put up pictures of me and my family and I write messages C but to be honest, I use it mostly to keep in touch with friends. And the thing that I like is you go onto your friend’s homepage to see what they’ve been doing … and er, well you, you can see pictures of all their friends. And then you see pictures of your friend’s friends, and it grows and grows so you meet new people. Um, I think it’s great. I check it at least once every day. Viewing ScriptsBP = Bruce P A = Anutan BP: My name’s Bruce Parry. I’ve been traveling to some of the world’s most remote places to see how people there live, and how they’re adjusting to a rapidly changing world. I believe there’s only one way to really understand another culture, and that’s to experience it first-hand, to become, for a short while, one of the tribe. After four days at sea, we sight a speck of land on the horizon. Half a mile wide, 75 miles from its nearest neighbor. This finally is my first sighting of the island of Anuta. How do people survive in such an isolated place? And could this really be paradise on Earth? The island of Anuta is surrounded by a shallow reef. So our yacht anchors offshore and I’m paddled towards the beach. Anuta’s one of the Solomon Islands, which used to be under British rule, but even so, I didn’t expect this many people to speak English. The entire community is here to greet me and I’m told that I must shake hands with each and every one of them. This really is phenomenal. What a reception. Everyone is out, all smiling, and er, just a really warm feeling. And let’s face it, look around, what an amazing place. I’m in paradise. A couple of hundred handshakes later and I’m taken to meet the community leaders. So tell me, what is the protocol? I must go in on my … very low, on my, on my knees? I’ve heard it’s customary to greet the chief in the Polynesian way, with a nose kiss. OK. But I don’t kiss him with my lip, just with my nose. A: Yes, your nose. BP: OK. The chief tells me I can stay on Anuta. Well, this is gon it’s something I’m really looking forward to. It’s a community fish drive. And what’s happening is: Every single member of the island is gonna gather together, and we’re gonna go out and force the fish into this area here, where we dive and spear the lot of them. What could be more fun? Everyone’s gonna be out there. It’s a pretty obvious system but it’s deadly and productive at the same time. Essentially, this wall that we’ve all been rebuilding is here to stop the fish getting away so that when the wall of people beat towards us, the fish can’t escape here and they go into the killing area. And that’s where we spear them.Speaking for communicationRole-play Scripts W = W M = Man M: OK, so, tell me all about it … W: Well, in the beginning, I was at home, and … um … this was just one morning before a very important interview. M: Uh-huh. W: And … um … I didn’t feel well, so my mother had given me some pills, and um … and then I didn’t think anything more about it. So, anyway, um … I then got on to the tube, um … to go for my interview.M: Right, and what happened then? W: Well, um … clearly I must have fallen asleep, because I wasn’t feeling great by this time. And um, I’m starting to feel sleepy, so I’m thinking I must have fallen asleep. Anyway, um, I was getting some funny looks, even before I fell asleep, but anyway, I fell asleep, and then I realized, um, before long, um, I must have been having a dream, I suppose, about my mother. Um, all of a sudden, I’ve woken up, but I haven’t just woken up, I’ve woken up shouting the word, “Mum!”. M: No! You’re joking! W: At the top of my voice, in a packed, quiet tube. M: Oh no! W: Yes, and everybody’s staring at me, and that did not help, er, matters. Anyway, I’ve got off the tube, and I’ve then arrived at my interview, put all that behind me, I’m not, still not feeling 100 percent perfect, um, but nevertheless arrived at my interview on time, and go in, and think, actually “This is going rather well. They’re not saying an awful lot…” and come to think of it, they’re looking at me in a rather strange way. M: Right … Then what? W: Well, the next thing I knew, I have left the interview, and said “Thank you very much for seeing me, blah-di-blah …” and gone to the ladies’ room. And there in the mirror, I could see what everybody was looking at, and why they couldn’t say anything. M: What was it? W: My face had swollen up! M: Ah! No way! W: And it was bright red … M: No! W: And covered in blotches, spots … M: Oh! You’re kidding! W: Yes, and the pills that my mother had given me were so out-of-date that they had caused an allergic reaction … M: Oh! How embarrassing! W: I know. Group discussion Scripts B = Ben J S = Sharon Hills B: S: B: S: So Sharon, um, imagine you had to start a brand-new community. Er … Yes? I know it’s a difficult question, but ideally where would it be? Um, I’d probably choose somewhere quite warm, um, so yeah, so you didn’t have any issues of flooding, or you know, um, too much snow to deal with, something like that. And then I’d choose um, another place that most people would probably choose, not an island … um … B: Where, where … where exactly? S: But, I think, hmm … somewhere in France, I don’t know why. B: Oh somewhere in France? OK and, and who would be there: the French only or a mixture ofS: B: S:B: S: B: S:B: S: B: S: B: S:people? No, I … well, it would need to be a, a mix of people and they’d need to be able to help one another. So … In what way? Well, um … I’d like to take one person who’s an expert in one field, another person who’s an expert in another field, so you have, you know, arty people, um, manually skilled people, um, good orators, good writers … Ah, so a whole range of skills … Exactly! … all going into the melting pot. Yes, but, um, I wouldn’t have too many people to start with, although if it’s too small a group then I suppose you risk, um, falling out. But I think if you keep that group fairly small to begin with, then you can draw up your own special laws, um, you know, to govern yourselves. Would it, would it need laws do you think … this, this utopian society? Hmm … well, ideally there’d be no laws but because people are human, I think you would probably have to still come up with some ground rules, yes. What would be the most important one? Oh! Um, I think, um … not to physically hurt somebody else, I suppose. Right, so pretty much like we have at the minute … Yes, I suppose …Further practice in listeningShort conversations Scripts Conversation 1 M: It’s considerate of the community to offer us old people so many chances. As you can see from my curriculum schedule, I have one music theory class and one piano lesson in the afternoon. W: I still have no idea which class I should choose. I think I may take music theory class with you. Q: What are the speakers doing? Conversation 2 W: Let’s talk about the preparations for the coming Christmas party. M: I think we really need a good plan and to arrange everything well in advance this time. Do you remember what a mess it was last year? Q: What do we know about the Christmas party last year? Conversation 3 W: John, could you look after the children for me while I go to the doctor? The only appointment I could get is at 11:00. M: All right. But I have to leave at 1 p.m. I’m going to a party in the afternoon. Q: What is the man supposed to do now according to the conversation?Conversation 4 M: It’s said that you have a new handsome neighbor from Australia. How are you getting along with him, Mary? W: Oh, quite well. He is a person who always speaks his mind, and I guess he gets along well with the entire neighborhood. Q: What does the woman think of her new neighbor? Conversation 5 W: I’ve heard that Mr. Smith is moving to a new apartment house at the end of this month. M: That’s wonderful. He’s been looking forward to moving to a new house for a long time. Let’s give him a hand this weekend. Q: What is the man going to do this weekend? Long conversation Scripts W: Hello, Mr. Lucas, I’m here to ask for 10 days off work, next month, in August. Together with the two weekends, I’ll have a full 14 days off from work. M: Two weeks in August? Lucy, as the election season is coming, the news and stories are catching the eye of the public. We may need our best news producers C like you C to be here for interviews. What’s so important? W: I know it is a busy season, but I’ve been taking two weeks off every year to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity C it’s a commitment I’ve kept every year, no matter what. It’s such a great organization that builds low-cost homes for people in need. The work is all volunteering and most of the supplies to build the houses are provided for free. It’s a great way to build community and make friends. M: I love Habitat for Humanity! In 2005, after Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana, over 150,000 volunteers helped build more than 2,200 homes. My daughter worked with them in New Orleans and my brother has volunteered with Habitat for Humanity for five years. W: Wow! You know my husband and I have been volunteering for six years here in Seattle. When I started, I didn’t even know how to hold a hammer, but now I’ve learned how to paint, build roofs, and even install kitchen sinks! I love the feeling of community we develop with our fellow volunteers and with the communities that benefit from our work. M: Alright! We’ll work it out. I’ll give you the time off. Maybe this year you can learn how to install doors as well! Q1: Why is the woman asking for two weeks off from work? Q2: Which of the following statements is true? Q3: According to the woman, why is she willing to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity? Q4: What do we know about the man from the conversation? Passage 1 ScriptsThe BBC’s iPM radio program asks its listeners for interesting questions. In response, a listener asked the following question: “I would like to ask a question about the relationships among neighbors. I mean those people who live in your immediate neighborhood. Many people we have spoken to have said they don’t know any of their immediate neighbors.” What about you? Do you know any of your immediate neighbors, in the sense of something more than exchanging “Good morning” or “Good afternoon”, for example? A research group carried out an investigation and asked people how well they know their neighbors and this is what the research group discovered. Surprisingly, 77 percent of people say they know their neighbors. It also emerged that if they live in a house, regardless of town or rural area, a massive 80 percent of them know their neighbors. However, the figure drops to 75 percent if they’re in a flat. The survey also revealed that people appear to get friendlier as they get older. In fact, only 64 percent of 18- to 24-year-olds know their neighbors, but for people aged 55-64 this number climbs to 88 percent. Interestingly enough, it turns out that men are a little less likely to say they know their neighbors than women, and the rich are closer to their neighbors than the less well-off. This topic was very popular with lots of BBC listeners and provoked plenty of comments on the BBC’s iPM website. One of the listeners said, “I only really got to know my neighbors when their house caught fire. We’re good friends now.” Another one recalled, “When we moved into our house three years ago, the first remark our neighbor made was, ‘So, you’re moving in? I hope you don’t have noisy kids.’ We reassured him we had no children and tried to make conversation but with no success.” Q1: What question did the research group try to find an answer to? Q2: Which age group is more likely to know their neighbors? Q3: Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? Q4: What do the website’s comments mentioned at the end of the passage imply? Passage 2 Scripts and answers Many neighbor disputes end up in court because of poor communication. If something dangerous or 1) illegal happens, the cops are the obvious solution. But if problems that arise are grayer, communication is the best way to save money and trouble. Here are some tips to be a good neighbor and deal with a bad one: ? Get to know each other. Being a good neighbor doesn’t mean 2) taking family vacations together. Just knowing them well enough to say hi, or maybe borrowing a cup of sugar or loaning a gardening tool, can build trust and understanding. Issues are much more likely to occur among strangers than even casual 3) acquaintances. ? Head off problems before they’re problems. If you are 4) throwing a party at your place, go to allneighbors who might be affected and offer them two things: a 5) verbal invitation to the party and a card with your phone number. If they are not 6) tolerant of the noise or there are other problems, your neighbors can call you instead of asking the police to 7) intervene. ? Tell your neighbors what’s bothering you C don’t assume they know what the problem is. Be open and direct, not passive-aggressive. Ask for their opinions, and wherever possible, propose a solution that 8) splits the difference and demonstrates a willingness to compromise. Stay cool and positive, even if your neighbors are not. ? Check with other neighbors. See if anybody else on the block is having similar issues C they may be willing to help 9) resolve it. If one of the neighbors is close to the troublemaker, have them come with you when you 10) talk it out. Bottom line? As with any relationship, being a good neighbor C or dealing with a bad one C is all about communication.Unit 4 What’s the big idea?Listening to the worldSharing Scripts V = V W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc. Part 1 V: Hi. I enjoy walking around the shops and I buy things like books and make-up on impulse, but I always do my food shopping online C it’s such a fantastic service and you get everything delivered to your door. Today I’m talking to people about shopping and innovative products. What items do you enjoy buying most? W1: Oh, I enjoy buying foods, and particularly food from farmers’ markets. I also like buying clothes for myself and I love buying plants for the garden. W2: Like most women I should say, like shoes, bags er, I think, and make-up. Yeah, three top things, yeah. W3: Quite diverse really, um, I love food shopping. I love going to food markets, fish markets. W4: Well, actually, I’m in the perfect place for me right now, which is er, markets: antique markets and vintage clothes. M1: Er, I enjoy buying, I probably enjoy, enjoy buying books the most, so er, and music as well, so anything where somebody’s given a recommendation. M2: I love to browse around bookshops and look at the latest books that are out and also CD shops. Part 2 V: What sorts of things do you buy on impulse? M3: Music, I suppose I buy that on impulse, um, clothes. W1: Clothes, but not as much as I used to. M2: Food. I decide when I’m walking down the street one day I want to cook this this evening, I jump in a, a market and get the ingredients and go and do that. W2: Well, I’m not that type of person that buys things on impulse. I’m actually very controlled, self-controlled. M4: Just now I was walking down um, the antiques market and I saw um, a pair of silver tongs um, which looked like a great bargain, so I bought those on impulse. W3: On impulse? Oh, dreadful! A handbag, that’s probably er, my biggest impulse buy. V: What sorts of things do you plan to buy? M3: Train tickets, plane tickets, ‘cause I have to travel a lot in my job, so I need to plan in advance so I get good value for money on the tickets. W4: Plan, I never plan, actually, in advance. No, I haven’t got the kind of money to plan. M4: Things like holidays. Um, anything over, like, ?100, I’d say was a planned purchase. Part 3 V: What recent product or service do you think is impressive? M3: Er, iPhone. Absolutely amazing! I, I … I bought one and it’s just, it’s really changed my life.W3: Probably my mobile phone. I’ve just changed it to a BlackBerry Storm where I can get all my emails. W2: The new camera that I saw on television, on the commercial, so you’re taking a picture and you’re seeing yourself on the other side. V: If you could start a business or invent a product or service, what would it be? M3: Um, I don’t know. I’d like to sell joy. If you could sell joy that would be good. I don’t know how you could do it. W1: My fantasy business is to have a thing called Sophia’s Bakery and to make really fantastic cakes that you can’t buy in this country. W4: I love the arts, so anything that would, kind of, bring more creativity to people’s lives and expression, I think that would be great. Listening Scripts I = I E = Expert I: We often hear that competition is beneficial, but how exactly does it work? E: OK. Let’s imagine a Coke machine somewhere, anywhere, selling 100 cans a day. Now, Pepsi comes along and puts up a machine next to it. How many cans would each machine sell? I: 50? E: That’s what most people think. In fact, each machine would probably sell 200 cans a day, unless the market was saturated. I: That’s hard to believe ... What’s the explanation? E: Well, what happens is this that the question in the consumer’s mind is no longer “Should I get a Coke or not?” but “Which soft drink should I get?” Choice makes people want things. I: Um, that’s interesting. What about pricing? E: Well, there are several schools of thought on this. People are expected to think, “If I see two similar products at different prices, I’ll buy the cheaper one.” But in fact, that’s often not how consumers behave. For example, if I were to introduce a new lipstick and I wanted to compete with a product priced at () 4.99, should I price mine above or below the competition? I: OK C I have a feeling you’re going to tell me above, but it seems natural to undercut your competitor. E: We’ve found that with certain types of products, if you price your product just above the competition’s price C so let’s say () 5.49 C you’ll actually end up with a bigger share of the market. I: Why’s that? E: We intuitively feel that if something costs more, it’s better. People will pay more provided the difference is small. They’ll think, “Well, why not? I deserve the best.” I: OK. Turning to the appearance of advertisements, what tricks are used to make products more appealing? E: Take this advertisement for a hamburger chain. A big picture of a juicy hamburger with fresh tomatoes and lettuce ... I: Makes me hungry just looking at it. E: Yes, it’s fine to look at … as long as you don’t eat it. It probably has 100 percent beef in it, realI: E: I: E: I: E:1: E: 1: E:1:tomatoes and lettuce … But to make it so shiny, a food stylist has painted the meat with oil or maybe lacquer, and what appears to be steam rising off the meat is probably cigarette smoke blown onto the hamburger just before the picture was taken. I’ve just lost my appetite. And look at these advertisements for watches. What time is it on this watch? 10:10. And on these? 10:10 C in all of them. Why’s that? There are two theories. One is that with the hands in this position, the face of the watch conveys a smile. The other theory is that it’s a bit like a tick symbol. In either case, the consensus is that the message is positive. And if a watch showed 8:20 it wouldn’t sell as well? Presumably not. 8:20 is a very sad-looking time. That about color in advertising? It’s crucial. We have built-in associations for every color, for instance red is associated with risk and with energy so you see it in adverts for energy drinks cars and sports equipment. Green on the other hand denotes safety so it’s often used for medical products. Yellow and orange supposedly stimulate the appetite so they’ blue on the other hand suppresses the appetite ... It’s linked more to intellect and precision so you see it in adverts for high-tech products. And purple is an interesting one: Survey (surveys) show that around 75 percent of young children prefer purple to all other colors. So you’ll see bright purple in advertising for toys for example. Well, thank you. I’ll never shop the same again. And neither will our listeners.Viewing Scripts V = Voice- T = T J = Jim V: Tanya Streeter is a world-famous diver but she’s afraid of sharks. So she decides to go for … shark therapy. At first, it isn’t easy. The sharks arrive. Tanya feels nervous as she watches the sharks from the boat. T: I didn’t think that there were going to be this many of them. And I didn’t think that they were going to be … quite so um, big. V: Tanya prepares to dive. She’s feeling very frightened. T: This isn’t good. I’ve got to get more brave. V: Tanya dives into the water, and the sharks swim towards her … the shiny suit attracts them. When she swims back to the boat, one shark follows her! T: OK. V: Not a good start for Tanya’s shark therapy … so she asks the shark expert, Jim Abernathy, to help. T: And how about my suit because I have noticed that the, the Caribbean reef sharks in particular seem to be quite interested in my rather shiny suit. J: I, I noticed the suit and I think we should change the suit completely, and er, I think we shouldT: V:T: J: T: J: V: T: V: J: T:go with all black. All black. OK. And it’s time for the big dive C with the tiger sharks. Jim throws fish heads into the water to attract the sharks. And as Tanya dives, the sharks come to her straightaway. Jim gives Tanya a stick to protect herself. Oh, my gosh! Thank you. Tanya, there’s another one behind you. Keep the stick vertical. That’s a big shark. Tanya, it just turned back towards you. Tanya, Tanya … Tanya! Tanya, look behind you over on your left. Use the stick first. After some time, Tanya starts to feel more comfortable with the sharks. It’s just beautiful. Her fear has gone. The shark therapy has been successful. That was wonderful! Tanya did great. It’s a real relief to have done this today. I do feel like I’ve accomplished something. I’ve started to overcome my very real fear.Speaking for communicationRole-play Scripts W = W M1 = Man 1; M2 = Man 2 Part 1 M1: OK, let’s try to do this quickly. We’ve got just a few minutes. Who’s taking notes?