已知集合A={x|x²-2a-3&0},B={x|x²-5ax+6a²=0} （1）若B真包含于A_百度知道
已知集合A={x|x²-2a-3&0},B={x|x²-5ax+6a²=0} （1）若B真包含于A
已知集合A={x|x²-2a-3&0},B={x|x²-5ax+6a²=0}（1）若B真包含于A，求实数a的取值范围（2）若A交B=空集 求实数a的取值范围。
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A={x|x²-2x-3&0}={x|
-1&x&3}B={x|x²-5ax+6a²=0}={x|x=2a或者x=3a}(1)若a=0，则B={x|x=0}，满足B真包含于A；若a≠0，则需-1&2a&3且-1&3a&3，解得1/2&a&3/2且-1/3&a&1，即1/2&a&1且a≠0.综上所述，1/2&a&1。(2)根据题意2a∉A且3a∉A，即：2a≥3，或者2a≤-1，且3a≥3，或者3a≤-1，最后解得：a≥3/2或者a≤-1/2
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索尼KD-65X9500BDesignatlon:A255-10StandardTest Methodsfor DeterminingHardenability Steell otThis sdida.d is hi'ed undcr rhc 6xed desisnr(ion A255: rhc nunb{r inncdiar.ly ronowing the desig origin.doprionorinfieceofEyision.they.roflanr.vhion.Anumbcri!t'oEnthesesindicacsrh m ion or capa{!!l. s'plNopr cplilon (.) indicares Ihi: stu'dar.t hat b..t dtpro\rd I.r u'e 6 ot n.i.' aJ kc D.raidcfu .f D.Id\.l. Scope L I Thesetest me$ods cover $e identification and descriplior oftest methods detemining the hedenability of steels. for The lwo lesl methodsinclude the qudtitative end quenchor Jomiiy Testmd a melhod for calculatingthe hardenability of composition b$ed on the ofigjnal work sieelfiom thecbenrical by M. A. Grossman. ot 1.2 The selecr.ion the tesl methodto be used for deterof mining the hardenabilily a given stel shall be agreedupon between the supplier and user. The Cerlified Malerial Test Report shall staterhe mlhod of hardenability determination. in 1.3 The calcuhlion methoddescribed thesetest methods is applicableonly to the range of chemicalconposirionsfiatRan9e % o10← 0zo 050-165 o1⒌ 1,)a ((mX 1∞ o55m淼 oBs m然 o20maX ma× 0(9opriate s.{et! un.l lcahlt ptuctic?s un.l dctentine the applictbili, of rcBulatory li,nitdtions prior to use. 2. Refrenced Documen.s 2.1 ASTM Sta da,ns:a E I 8 TestMethods for Rockwell Ha.dness Melallic Maof E I I 2 Test Methodsfor DeterminingAver:rgeGmin Size 2.2 ASTM AdjunLts: ASTM HardenabiliryChartl END-QUENCH OR JOMINY TEST 3. Descripdon for 3.1 This resr meftod coven lhe procedure delermining of orJominy test.Tl,e the hardenability steelby the end-quench rest consislsof waler quenchingcal lest specimen 1.0 ifl. in diameter and measuringthe hdrdening responseas a function of the distance from the qlenched end. 4, Apparatus 4.1 SuppottforTett Sp.ciaetr A fixturefor supponingthe lest specimenvnically so that the lower end of the specimen is a distanceof 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) above rhe oriRce of lhe waler-quencbing device.A salisfaciorytype oi suppofl for |he slanddrd1.0-in.(25.4-mm)specimen shown in Fig. l. is Nm I suppd lor olher sizes shlpcs specinens and ol is A suiEblc1.4 Hardenabilityis a measLrre $e deplh ro which ltel of will hardenwhen qunched from its austenitizing temperature (Table l). I! js measured quantitatively, usuallyby noting the extentordepth oihardeningofa standard sizeandshape oflesl quench.In fie end-quench th specimen a standardized in test depthoihardening is the distance alongthe specimen from the quenched lvel. end which corelares to a giveDhardness 1.5 The valuesstaledin inch poundunits ee to be regarded as rhe standard.The values given in parentheses are for t.6 This standaftl does not puryorl to address dll of 'e saftt\ con&nlJ, if an):, associated tith its use- It is the responsibili\ o.f nv user oI rltis staDdard to establish appto’ s° 1A water-quenching device 4.2 water Suenchins ,&vi.. of sunablecapacilyto provid a vertical streamof wale. LhaL can becontrolledto aheightof2.5 in. (63.5mm) when passing $rough an orifice 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter.A rank of rufficienl crpaciry lo maintarnthe warer lemperalure requirements of 6.3 wilh a small pump and conlrol valves will beIeee hs1、 n`s e`Ⅱ1thd a m|os Ⅱ ‘ludRuo^ly n d1dlo、ud, oc“o、 j‘d‘ hi s ad n疵1o o Ar C in f sM 。 tedt h i∝m:1eA】 m(e O 1ePn ,so‘ i‖ b iyo 1 fo &仓1s “: Fd rLrcnced ASl M :hdrds. or visir th. ASTM sebrire. sru.dm..Gconr$t ASTV CNbn.r seri.e ar senice@rsb.ors.tur n,nr,/ r,ol d,lJIM sru&/dx v.lun. ilronMtm, ftre 'Shdlrd AS]M Hrdenabilirr Chds (3/1 by ll ii. pids ol50 chdt de rldlrbk fb ASTM lnrmario.al Headquden. OrdaAdjunc( No. ADJA0255. OligiDrl ldjuod pmdmedin 19.15.s刂 bcoimi,&&‘。 AOI 15on B订、Cu“ ‘ edi1ion upp⑩ n1 讧 pi0ved in l942 Li` prtvi° 卩 lO15Ι γAO25s lov耐Mγ20!0 0hⅡ 1 2o10 Published Jon● us cd1ion 食 pp” v°d in2007us A255-07钔nauy DO】 :Co,y&ght0AsTM nt宣`na oo音 100防″ H宣Ⅱα 0氵v● p0 眈×C⒛ 0Ⅵ 咱自 Co●自 t hohoo蹈 ^ p食 n^食y、 5g 叼na{ε 42B勿 含 V^￠ds忉 t脔,([p nzss-roTABLE 1 Normali/rn9 and AusrenitizingTemperalures4No● ma‖ zn9 ufe Au$ten‖ Tem卩 e叼 F CC) z ng tu田stee|se&esOrderoo Ca● Contenl maX% F(C)bonlbmpef甜 ?00
oo 47oo 5o00 。 00 9400 θ 700 o25an0under o26b036 |no丨50(θ 00)170r,(θ )25)o37仓nd●ve●00(θ ) 25)1s50〈 )845) B30o 4800 θ 300o25and Vnde` o26to036 |nc|037and over) ) 00(g70)1600(8刀 16s0(900)θ 200o50and o eraAvaralon +10'F (6'c)rion rerempeElures labispemiss ot inlhls bte ENormarzis ausinizns and lemperalurcsso.F(30.c) sher lhe are h roffound satisfltctory. watef suppltrIine shallalso bcprolided The with a quick opening!al!e. 5. Tst Specimens 5.t wrousht Sp..in.ns End queDchspecimensshall be prepared from rolled or torgedsLock shallreprresem fulL and Lhe crossscctionofthe product.IlnegodaEd bctweenthe supplier and the user,the end-qucDch specnnen may be prepared from a gllen locarion in a forged or rolled product or fiom a coDtinuous cast blllet. The tesrspccinen shallbe 1.0 in. (25.,1 mm) in diameterby,l.0 in. (101.6mm) in lengfi. wilh nenns for hanging it in a veltical posiiion fo. end quenching. Dnnensions of the pretered specimenand of aD optional specimen(Nole:) are givcn h Figs.2 and 3. The specnnen shnll bc nachined fiom a bar preliously normalized in accordrnce with 6. I and of such size as to permit lhe remolal ofall deca.burization machiningto 1.0in. round The end of in the specimeDto be water cooled shall have a reasoDably snooth tinisb. preferablyproduccdby srindnrg.Normalizing may be waived by agreement betweenthe supplier and $e user.The previousthennalhistoryof the specirnen resred shall 5.2 Cast Speciniens A sepdately cast end-quench speci men may be usedfor Donboron steels Ca( specinensare not suitablefof borcn sreelgrades due ro enatic fesults.A graphile or metalmold may be usedto forn an overleoglhspecimen 1.0 in. (25.4 n}m) in diametcrwhich shall be cut !o the sunddd slecnnen size.The mold may also be usedto fom a 1.25 in. (31.8 mm) diamelerspecimen which shall be machined the ro tiral specimen size.Cast testsneednot be normalized. NorE2-Othcf sizes ihlpesoi testspecimcns described rnd dc in6.2 ,rg-Piace the specirncn a funuce that is at the iD speclliedaLrslenilizing bmperature(Table l) and lrold ar Lhis tempefature 30 min. In producriontesting slightly loDger fof times ut !o 35 min may be usedwithout appreciably aflbcting resulls. Ii is important to heat the specimen jn such an atmosphefethat p.actically no scaling aDd a mnrnnum of decarburizalion takes place. This may be accompljshedby herting the specimen a vertical posilion in x contaiDer in with an elsily removable coler containingx layer ofcrst iron chips wilh the bottonr face of rhe specimen resiing on lhe chips. 6.2.1 Olher nethods consistof placing the specimennr an app.oprjatelysized hole in a graphite block or placing ihe specinen in an upright tube attached a flat base,boLhof a to heat'resistant metal,with the colla projectingtbr a long hold. Placc a disk of graphiteo. carbon,or a layer of carbonaceous materialsuchas charcoal. thc bottom of tbe tube !o prevenr iD scahng. 6.2.2 For a plrricular Gxture and fumace,delemme th trme fequiredto heatthe specimeD the austenitizing to temteralure by insefiingarhermocouple a hole drilled axially in Lhetop into ol the specimen.Repea!this prccedurepcriodically, for ex inple once a nronth, for each combination of fixture and 6.3 0,en.rr18 Adjusl the waler-quenching dcvice so that the stfeanr water rjsesLoa frec heishi of 2.5 in. (63.5 mm) of above Lhe0.5 nr. (12.7 mm) oritice, wilhout lhe specineDin position. The suppon tbr rhe specnncnshall be dry at the beginningof eachlcst. Then placethe healedspecimen lhe in supportso thrt jis bottom lace is 0.5 in. abovelhc orifice. and tum on the water by meansof lhe quick opening valve. The time berweenremoval of the specimeD ltom the turnaceand the beginning the quenchsbouldnot be more than5 s.Direcr of the strcamof water,a1arempentureof40 to 85&F (5 to 30&C), againstthe botl'on1 facc of the specimentbr noi less ftan 10 min. Maint^in a condition of slill air round the slecimen during cooling.Ifthe specimen Dotcold whenremovedfrom is the fixlure. immediatelyqueDchit in water. 6.4 HatdnessMeasurunerr-Two llllls 180' apart shall be grouDdto a mjnimum depth of 0.015 in. (0.38 mn) along the entire lengLhof lhc br and Rocktlell C hardnessmeasurc mcnts made along the lenglh ol lhc ba. Slrallower ground depths can afilct reproducibjlity ofresults,and corelation wirh cooling ra|es quenched ba.s. 6.,1.1The preparation the two [lars must be cdied out of wrth consjdefable care.They should bc mutually pddlel and the grindirg done in such a manner thai no change of rhe quencbedslrucruretakes place. Very lighl cuts with wabr coolins and a coarse. solt-grindingwheelde reconnrended to avoid healingrhe specimen.Inorderio detecttemperingdue 1{) grinding. rhe fiat may be etched wirh one of rhc following N.F 3 5 1' nirncacid(conccnrEtcd) 95% warer votume. rnd by N.D 4 50q. hydrochloic rcid koo.enht&i) dnd50% walerby Wash the samplein hot watef. Etch in solulion No. I unLil black.Washin hot water.lmnerse nr solutionNo. 2 lor 3 s and wash in hot waler.Dry in air bl$t.6.1 N.,rnoLi.ittS The wrought produc! liom which lhe specimenjs tobe pfepared sballbe normalized eDsu.e to proper hddening characteristics. The sample shall be held at the Iemperaturelislcd in Table I lbr I h and coolcd in air Tempcringofthe nonnalizedsampleto nnprole machinabil]!y,(flp - ro azss: 0 Q4 R0 l OOQ ‘ u lO?L25 4而m= 2smm d 狮0iomeˉ o●i fik? 5 Inside ai洳 。 ter0f‘ 'i e 12 7m ∶冫 iiietk,r I∶ i`:‘n‘ id】 W[& O】 祝 [Ns∶ △ ks&[T`lC O∶&[&s】 9、sFlG.I TesrSpecimen Support Waler in for Ouenchinq_H ‘ iˉ :lP四 枷{ˉ ~ˉˉ 丿~2 △ ~L5lO0=0o 0 i蜘 ˉˉ ˉ丨 亠〓di珈 &1Ⅳ sⅠ0‖ s‘i逦l‘ H9MN1仟 & 1[$0s F∶G 2prefer沦 d test spec n? en竹 [!RlC D】拥 `,nm由 △6 ● mm di跏〓4 ‘ 咖 θrill12 7im ueep M5x Os 【 9 5mm ueeρ 0p觎d、 灏IⅣCH D】 &[‖ s∶VNsMETRlG 〗I&[Ns】 0‖sFlG.3 optionalTestspecimen 6.4.1.1 The presence lighteror darkerareas of indicalesthal hardness and structurehave been alleredin grinding. It such changescausedby grtudnrg lue indicated,new flats may be J 6 . r . 2 w h e l h d d n e , sL e ' J ' c n r e ' r , p e ,i m e r r e r . &,1c.'he on one of its llats on an anvil firmly attached the hardness 1o machine. is inponanL thar no verLical It rnovemcntbe allowed when fte major load is applied.The anlil mus! be constucled pasl Lhepeneralor in accurate 1omove Lheresrspecimen sleps of Z6 in. (1.5 mm). Resting1bespecimenin a V block is not 6.4.2.1 The Rockwell testershonldperiodicallybe checked agxinstsrandard tesrblocks.Ilis recomnendedlhata tesrblock be interyosed between specimen the and the indente.to check(ft rzss rorhe se ing of lhe indenterand $e specimensimultaneously. For genefal statemen$regrding the use of test blocks and suriace conditions.reterence should be mad to 4.7 and 5-2, respctively. Test MerhodsEl8. of 6.4.3 Excrcisec.ue in registeri.gtbe poinl ofthe indenterin relationshipto the quenched nd of the specimenas weu as providing for accuraE spacingbeiween indentaliofls. lowA power measuring microscope suitablefor usein determining is the dislancefrom fte quenched eod to fte cenrerof the first impressionand in checkingthe dishce from centerto center impressions- has been found that with It of the succeeding reasonable operaringcare a well-buih fixtre, it is practical and to loca rhe enterof rhe fi6t impressio. 0..004 in. (1.5 a 0.10 mnt from the quenchedend. The variatjons bctwenspacings shouldbeevensmaller Obviously,it is mo.e imponant 1o posidon fi indenter accuratelywhen tesling low-hardnabilitysleelsthan when tesling high-hardenability sleels.The positioningol tbe indentershouldbe checkedwith sulllcienlliequencyto provideassufance accuracy lhat requiremenls are being met. In casesof lack of reprodlcibility or of dillerencesbetweenlaboratories, indenterspacingshould be measu.ed immedialely. 6.4.4 Readings shallbe takenin sEpsof '/6 in. (1.6 mm) for (25.4 rnrn),then 18,20, 22, 24, 28, and the first 16 sixteentbs 32 sixteenthsof an inch. Values below 20 HRC are no! recorded because suchvaluesare nor accDrate. When a flat on which readingshave been mad is used as a base,the buds aroundthe indemationshall be removedby grinding 'rnlessa fixture is used which has beenrelieved to accommodare the irregulffities due to fie indenrations. 6.4.:l.l Hardnessreadingsshould prefenbly be madc on two flals I80'apan. Tsringon two flars will assisrin (he de(edion of errors in specimen p.eparation and hardness measurement. the two prcbes on opposile sides direr by If more than4 HRC poinls at any one position,the test shouldbe rep&-ated new flats,90' f.om the first Iwo flals.If fie retesr on also has greaterthan 4 HRC poinis spread,a new specimn 6.4.4.2 For.eporting purposes, hudnessreadings shouldbe recordedto the ned]estinteger,with 0.5 HRC lalues rounded to the next higher integer. 7. Plotting Tst Results 7.1 Tesl resultsshouldbe plotted on a standard hardenabilily chan prep.red for thk pu.pose. in which the ordinates represnt HRC valuesand lhe abscissae represent distance the trom rhe quenched end of the specimen which ihe hedness at determinations wcre made.When haJdness readingsare taken on rao or more fl s, the valuesat $e samedistece shouldbe averagedand $at value usedfor plotting. A facsimile of the slandard ASTM hardenability chanr on which lypical hardenabilily curves havebeenploted is shown in Fig. 4. 8. Index of Ha.denability 8.1 Thc hardenabilityof a steel can be designatedby a specificHRC hardressvalue or HRC hddness value rangeat a given Joniny ('J ) distance.Examplesof rhis method are Jal6 jn. (6.4mm) = 47 HRC min, J %6 in. (ll.l lnm) = 50 H R C n , J \ .J n dJ ' , r , . { 7 . r T m l = J 8 4 0 H R c 1 9. Report 9.1 Report tbe following informationthat may be recorded on tbe ASTM hardenability chan: 9.1.1 Previous themal history of the specimentesied, including the tenperatureof normaljzingand auslenilizing, 9.1.2 ChemicalConposition, 9.1.3 ASTM grain size (McQlaid-Ehn) as determinedby Tesl MethodsEl12, unlessotheRise indicated,and 9.1.4 A prominent notadon on the standardhardenability chnn if any of fte lesl specimens listed in Appendix Xl areCALCULATION OF HARDENABILITY 10. Introduction I 0. I This methodof Jominy Hardenabililycalculationfrom the chemical ideal diane|er (DI) on a steel is basedon the original work ol M. A. Crossman and provides increased accuracy refinemenr the carbon multiplying factorsand by of the conelationof a boron factor (B-F) with cnrbon and alloy were basedon analysisoi thou' content.These refinements sandsof heatsof boron and non-boron, 5000, and 8600 sriessEels enconpassinsa rmge of composhionsas follows dnd a range of DI as containedin Tables 2'5. The accuracy ofthis tesl methodaDd$e techniques uled lo develop For it havebeendocunented- comparison ofthis testmethod1() olhers,or for steelcomposilions oulsidethe mentionedgrades, the usershould refer lo other articlesconcemedwith calclrlalin名h肛 denabiIi1yE怡 ment Ranqe % o10-070 o50-165 o1s l 60 150maX 135max o55maX o35ma× 020maXI0. L l CalculatedDI and Jominy hardenabililycurves are valid only within the chemicalrangesstatedabove.However, to facilitate melting lrocess control for higher alloy steels. Hardenabiliry Mrlhiplying Frctors have been included fof cdlculatingthe DI within the fouowing chemicalcompositionRaoge % o01-090 o01-1θ o01⒓ o01△ o01-250 o01÷ oo1J55 o01⑷ o01÷ 20 02s Os5 5 00 so10.2 Tables 2-18 are ti) be used to calcllate hirdenabiliry fron]dealdiameterfor the g.adesshown in 10. L Hardenabiliry resultsareto be reponedfor lbe firs! I0 sixEenth ( 1 6 m m ) ,$ e 1 2 , 1 4 ,1 6 ,1 8 , 2 0 , 2 4 . 8 ,a n d3 2 s i x l e e n t h si ! n 2 o inch.azss-ro ,($fp^ ξ ii● t&00VENCH tLsi ∶ iγ ˉ0aη F0R HAR0tN^B1△ 0F sFEEL(^猛γ PEH巳 叮 No.iliCMiP$⒏N丨CrMo △0VV贴 躞〓 0 & 0 Φ 研 曲 “ z ° ￠ & ‘ 0 ● ● 〓 & ’ × υ 0 ∝FlG. 4 Facsihile ol Stan&la.d ASTII HardenabililyChart, Showing Typical HardenabilityCurves lchart Size: 3% by 11 in. (216 by 279 md)lNoE 5 The replning of hadenabilityusingihe calculated nrcthod dife$ f.om the prccedurc sbo*n in 6,1.,1. asDr= 0 1r9x 3 667 1 126 1 036r 1.929 r.75: 1.04 r.os= 1 95in. x r : x 1O.4 DI Calculdtion Jor B,ro, .lteek Wi$ an cffcctive sleel naking process. the boron factor (signifying lhe conribution for boron to increasedhardenability)'s an 'nverse iunction of the carbonand alloy conrent. The higherthe carbon or alloy conteDt, both, the lowef the boron factor or 10.4.1 The aclualborontuctor is expressedby foltowing rhe reladonship:- _ o' | i LFdDI fr&r,I.& fj drr,, 'd , b^ '., r p! -J.,i . Ay , . , - * *.1u. o . , &tA3 DI Calculationlor No,-Borrn S?atu This calculalion relieson a series ofhardenabiliryfacron (Table6) for each alloying elementin the composiljon which, when multiplied togelher gives a DI value. (For simpliciry,only multiplying faclors for DI in inch pouDd units de given. For DI in millimetres.use the metric value table.)The efects of phos phorousand sultur are no! considered sincethey lend to cancel oneanolher. ANo.7 ausGnidcgrainsizeis assumed sincemost steels with hardenability control de melted to a fine grain practicewhere experiencehas demonstrated ftal a hig| pcF ceniageof ireatsconform lo lhis grain size.An exampleDI calculationis given as follou,s for an SAE 4l18 modifledsleel:%o22 o80 C18 C10 C43 025 o10 o05Muf]pyinq Facror01】 9
5 104 1091 0 4 . . 2 n e \ a . n p o ' a - r u aL , o u l ' J , r o rJ c r e m i r r r u r r A e l given as lbllows fof an SAE 15830 modilied steel: composilon c % Mn si N cl Mo cu B ercuded)029 125 020 013 007 003 024 00015 r35n End ouenohTsrFesurs. n ! ' F o s t o n( 1
n . ) Harddess, HRC 49 4A 41 50 50 47 45 !' Poslon (/ n.) 2Aazss .{$P - ro10.4.3 Using Table7, deierminethe nearest locationon the end-quench curve wherehardness conesponding 50% marro tensite occurs for the actual cdbon content. For the example heat with 0.29 carbon,rhis hardness 37 HRC occufing at a is &J& distance of %6 in from fte quenched end (interpolation requjred). 10.4.4 Fron Table 8 (in.). a &J& dislanceof %6 in. equates to a measured of 2.97 in. (interyolation DI required). 2.97 in. = BorcnFacror IBj[- : 2.2botunfactor (2) 10.4.5 Cdlculation of DI with Botun (DI;: 10.,1.5.1 Calculale$e DI wirhourboron.For rhe example i! 1 0 . 4 . 4t,h i s D l i s 1 . 3 5i n . 10.4.5.2Calculatethe alloy faclor (the product of all tbe multiplying faclors from Table 6 excluding carbon).For rhe examplein 10.4.,1:Calcvlaled DI(w&h° ut boω u)C&bonmulliplyine facbr14 0⒌ 3eenntebrnmIiligfcofQTbe Dtfueh oo utpyn atrlmal ″iul O29%c肛 pyn fα lig d÷15n 3i 05i÷ 17n: 6 () 3lO For tbis example、 8,h brnmI 6Ie oo u心 qured)bon and an al1° oi21itroa ,s3(nepl“y fa。tor of o rne1046 C&cuIa臼 where∶D纭 =DI(without b° DJp = 1351n×山e DI Wiul boron as fo11° wsro” 231× boron factor0△ =3⒓IO5It扭 detel△in勿 ″〃乙|″ f? C″ es夕 o祝 C,″ Posl″ o` Wl伍 a preˉ(IH) ai the J = %6 in. positionis 10.5.1 The initial hardness a functionof ca.bonconrentand independent ofhtrdenability and is sel@ted ffom Table 7. For lhe example non boron SAE 4118 nodified heat coniaining 0.22 Eo carbon, rhe inirial hardness 45 HRC. is 10.5.2 The hardness otherpositions at alongthe end,quench (termeddistance specimen hardness) deteminedby dividing is lbe initial hrdnss by the appropriate factor from Table 2 (in.) or Table3 (nm) for non-boronsteelsor lrom Table 4 (in.) or Table 5 (mm) for boron sleels. 10.6 For tbe examplenon-boron beatwitb d IH = 45 HRC and a calculated of 1.95in., the hardness the respective DI a1 positionscan be calculated dividing 45 by the end-quench by appropriate dividing factor lisled in Table 2 (in.) for non boron (For sjmplicity.the DI shouldbe roundedto the nedest steels. 0.1 in.). 10.7 DislanceDividjng Hardness Factorsin Tables2-5 are calculatedfrom the equationsin Tables 15 18. Multiplying Factors in Table 6 are calculated from the equations in Table I 1. Jominy Distance for 50 9. Martensite versus DI in Tables 8 and 9 are calculatedfrom the equalionsin Table 13. Boron Factor versus % Carbon and Alloy Factor in Table l0 are calculated film the equations Table 14.Equalions in rcpresent ing a leasrsquares polynomialfir of tbe daiacontained Table in 7 is listedin Table 12.The useof these equations toplotcurves may resultin randominfletion pointsdueto the characterisrics of polynomial equalions.These inflections will be minoa however and should be disregarded. ll. Keywords 11.I end-quench hardenability hddenabiliqr iluned DI(DI:for btron sted),the end~quench hardenˉ cedure∶abnity curve ean be computcd by the following pr°q fl A25s-10TABLE 2 Oislance Hardness Dividinq Factorstor Non-BoronSteels. in,丨 dea丨 D ameω r(fi6 Jddiny End auench DisranDe in )10 12 14(” D1 11n1 15 1 12 1 10 108 107 105 104 103 102 102 1 01 101 100 10o 100 i00 100 100 100 100 1 ()o 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 iO0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 iO0 100 iO0 100 100 100 100 100 100 、()0 1 00 l Oo 1 0C 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 千00 100 100 1 00 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10o 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 千 100 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 0() 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 i 00 1 00 100 100 i 0o 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 i 00 1 00 1 00 1C0 100 1C0 100 1C0 100 100 100 100 100 lO0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 100 100 1 50 142 135 129 124 1 19 1 1δ 1 13 1 、 109 108 107 107 106 106 105 105 104 104 103 102 11 0 1 214 1θ θ iB5 i74 i64 156 i4θ 143 i37 1 33 129 i26 123 I21 1 18 孑 17 115 I13 千 12 1 11 10 19 1 1 1 0θ 1 0B 1 07 1 06 1 05 1 05 1 04 1 04 1 03 102 1 01 1 1氵 1 15 1 13 1 12 1 10 109 108 107 106 105 104 24θ 2a2 220 209 1 99 1 89 1 81 1 73 16θ 1 so 154 148 144 13θ 1 35 132 129 12θ 123 121 272 260 24B 23B 227 218 20θ 200 1θ 2 18s 17B 172 165 160 155 150 145 141 137 134 131 128 125 123 120 18 1 1 ⒉ 1 17 1 15 14 18 1 1 12 17 1 1 1i 15 1 1 10 14 1 1 10θ 108 ;07 106 千05 1 04 1 03 1 02 1 01 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 ()o 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 100 1 00 100 10C 100 10C 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1Co 】 1CC 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 I Oo 00 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10o 100 100 1 13 1 12 1 10 1 09 1 08 1 0冫 1 0(, 1 05 1 04 1 03 1 02 1 01 1 00 1CC 100 1 22 1 20 210 202 194 187 980 1⒕ 168 1ε I57 i52 千 144 I40 137 1θ 131 1 28 1 26 4 48 2 281 270 25θ 248 238 22θ 2i9 292 280 269 258 247 228 219 2 29 &1 203 195 189 182 176 170 165 160 156 152 i48 144 141 138 135 132 930 128 i26 千24 i22 120 1 18 1 17 1, i: 1s 1: 14 ;7 1 1 13 15 1 1 11 I⒕ 1 1 10 1a 1 1 1 (〕) § 1 08 107 1 ii 1 10 1 09 1 08 1 07 1 0θ 105 1C4 10θ 1C2 101 211 203 196 190 183 177 172 167 162 158 154 150 147 143 140 137 135 132 130 128 125 124 122 i20 307 294 281 269 258 24冫 237 2281恁 ;1820242832322 307 294 281 269 25ε 247 23g 229 220 2i2 205 1 gB 1 g1 1 85 1 8C 1 74 1 69 1 65 1 61 1 ss 1 53 149 1躬 143 1匆 1 37 1 a5 1 32 1 ao 1 2B 1 26 1 24 1 22 121 1 1θ 18 1 1 ⒉ 1 16349 334 320 807 29s 273 262 253 244 235 227 220 213 206 200 1θ 188 1θ 178 1 73 1 68 164 160 15θ 153 1 49 1 46 1 43 1 4o 千 1 35 千 1 θ 千 1 26 1 22 32 0 28 37 3 4 2B3 283 273 263 254 245 237 23o 222 216 20θ 203 1 97 1 g2 1 87 1 82 1 77 1 73 1 69 1 65 101 1 58 1 54 151 14ε 145 1⒕ 2 1 39 1 a7 1 35 1 32 1 30 12g 1 26 124 12ε 121 120 1 1B 1 17 116 121 115 11θ 1 14 1 i3 1 12 1 11 1 10 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 100 10o 100 100 1 00 i71 168 164 161 158 155 1⒖ 149 146 144 141 139 1θ 134 132 1eo 128 126 124 122 6 2 2e9 232 225 219 21a 2C7 202 1 97 1 92 iθ 1B3 17θ 175 7 332 319 306 2θ 4 344 3ε 0 317 3o5 294 2ε θ 273 264 z55 247 2B5 274 265 256 247 240 2a2 226 2i9 214 2⒑ 8 203 1 9B 1 94 1 89 1e5 181 177 1 73 1刀 166 163 160 157 154 151 1 4B 1‘ 5 142 1‘ 0 i37 13s 182 130 128 126 124 122 1 20 1 iθ 1 17 1 16 1 1‘ 113 1 12 11 12 19 1 1 1 10 11 1ε 1 1 1 1 09 1 0B 107 106 105 1C4 1 10 1 09 1 0a 1 07 1 0θ 1C5 10B 1 17 1 15 1 1‘ 1 ‘ 1 11 2 1;4 118 1 i7 1 15 121 120 256 248 241 234 227 221 216 210 205 201 1 9s 1 92 1 87 1 83 1 79 176 1 72 1 68 1 65 162 1 58 1 55 1 52 14⒚ 146 14ε 140 137 1θ 132 130 12B 125 123 122 120 125 123 122 147 144 5 1 39 1 36 1 34 1 32 1 30 i28 126 i41 1 54 1 50 3δ 337 a22 3C9 296 3 350 a35 321 307 295 284 274 265 274 265 257 250 24θ 237 231 225 220 215 210 2o5 201 1 96 1 92 1 θ 1 83 1 7θ 175 1 71 1 6B 1 6厶 1 60 1 57 7 379 θ 345 θ 317 004 2θ 283 3 30 61 367 θ 51 337 θ24 312 30C 290 281 272 2θ 4 257 25C 243 237 21 21 3 4 226 221 2i6 211 207 2C2 1 9ε 1 9? 】 1 90 千B6 1B2 17B 175 171 167 164 160 157 1 54 151 148 1‘ 5 142 139 137 i84 132 130 128 126 124 122 121 120 1 1θ 117 I5 19 1 1 14 17 1 1 13 15 1 1 236 23C 225 220 215 210 206 201 1 θ 193 1Bθ 1B5 1B2 17B i75 171 168 165 1 62 15θ 156 15θ 150 148 145 143 141 138 136 134 】 1 ao 128 126 i25 123 32 7 377 a68 34ε a86 324 313 303 293 284 276 268 261 254 24B1∶∶ 13 14 1虑, 1(; 17 1‘; 1〈〕 2 2 i 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 θ a 7 2 8 2 9 3 31 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 ε 3 9 4 41 ‘2 43 ⒕‘ 45 4s 47 ⒕8 49 5 51 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 B 5 9 6 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 εε 6 7 6 8 6 g 72θ 氵115 121 113 119 112 11a 111 110 10θ iO8 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 100 100 100 1 0 1 ()0 1 ()o 1Co 1 00 117 1 151 0θ 10:; 1 04 iO3 1C2 101114 118 113 116 112 i15 111 113 110 112 109 108 107 1oe 千05 1 04 1 03 1 02 千00 1 11 1 10 1 09 1 og 1C7 10s iO5 1041 13】1 1i 6 2dfipazssroTABLE 3 Dislance Hardness Dividing Factors tor Non-Boron Steels, mm|dea} D amebr(mh) JominyEnd-Ouench Dlslance1 1 13 15 2C θo 36 40m (” m D25 275 3C 325 B5 375 40 425 45 475 50 525 55 575 60 625 65 676 70 725 75 775 80 ε 25 85 75 θ 90 925 95 975 100 5 110 5 120 75 130 1 ∞ 135 ● i 145 5 155 5 165 1675 1zl 1725 i乃 i5 7 5 13 1 11 1 109 107 106 105 i04 103 102 102 101 11 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 00 100 1 00 100 1 00 100 1 00 i Oo 1 0o 1 00 10o 1C0 i Oo 10C 1 00 1CC 1l 0 100 1CC i00 1CC 100 1Co 100 10o 100 100 100 10o 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 100 1Co 162 1 ∝ i4冫 i41 13s 1 ao i26 1 22 99 i 1( 1s i3 i 11 1 1( i) 1 08 1 07 iO6 1 05 104 1C4 10θ 1C3 10B iO2 1C2 102 102 102 101 101 101 101 101 11 0 10o 100 100 千00 100 1 00 100 i Oo 100 i Oo 千00 1 00 i Oo 1 00 i Oo 1 00 i 0o 1Co 1Cl 10o 1Co 100 1Co 100 100 100 100 900 100 21 i 千θ9 1 ε 8 1 田 1 69 i1 6 1 54 i婀 142 1 37 133 12θ 126 123 121 118 116 115 113 i12 111 110 109 108 iO7 107 106 105 105 1 ∝ 104 103 103 102 12 0 102 1 01 11 0 1 01 11 0 1 0C 1 00 1 ()0 10 0 100 1 00 100 1 00 10o 100 100 10o 100 100 100 100 100 100 10o 100 i00 100 262 250 238 227 217 207 1 ‘ 〕 ε i91 183 176 17C 164 15B 153 14B 1● 0 140 136 133 130 127 1 ⒉ 122 120 18 ; 16 1 14 i 1 3 千 11 i 1C 1 l Oθ 108 107 106 1 05 104 1 04 103 1 03 1 C⒓ 1C2 101 101 1 01 101 1Co 10o 1C0 10o 1Co 100 i0o 100 100 100 100 1l 0 100 i O0 100 1 00 1 00282 270 258 248 237 228 21θ 210 202 1 95 1 87 11 8 1 75 69 63 5a “ 149 i45 141 i 38 1∞ 1(;∶⒉ 12θ 126 124 122 120 18 1 16 1 15 1 13 1 12 1 11 1 10 1 10B 107 107 106 105 104 104 千03 102 1 02296 2ε 4 2 ″ 21 6 21 5 241 21 3 222 214 20θ 1 9冬 ) 千θ2 1 (:s 179 1 刁 168 i 63 159 1 54 1so 1娼 143 1细 137 1θ 4 131 129 127 124 122 11 2 1θ 1 17 1 16 1 15 1 13 1 12 1 11 1 10 1 109 i Oe 107 106 105 千0 ● 104 13 0316 31 C 2a⒚ 276 2θ 5 254 2 轺 2e5 226 217 210 202 1⒚ 5 1B9 18θ 177 172 167 163 15θ 154 1’i1 147 144 141 138 135 133 131 128 126 124 123 11 2 11〈 〕 118 116 115 i14 112 i11 110 109 1 08 107 i06 10●。 i04 103 103 102 11 0 1i 0 100 100 100 100 100 1CC l Oo 100 )00352 337 324 31 1 29g 2BB 2 7 267 257 248 240 2θ 2 224 217 210 204 198 1θ 2 187 182 177 172 168 164 160 157 153 150 147 1'丨'‘ 141 139 I3θ 1m 千32 1 29 i27 1 26 124 122 121 ;9 1 iB 1 16 1 15 1 i4 1 13 1 12 1 11 1 i0 1 109 10e 107 106 105 105 104 103 1C2 1i 0 10C 1C0 348 3 阱 32⒑ 30ε 296 2 5 ε 25 7 2⒗ ⒗ 257 248 240 233 226 219 213 20B 202 i θ7 1g2 iB7 1B3 17g i75 171 167 i64 160 157 154 151 148 146 143 141 138 136 134 131 129 127 i25 ;24 1∶⒉ ∶ ∶ 1 20 119 117 11s 114 113 112 110 109 10θ 107 106 105 104 103 102 i Oi 358 34θ 328 315 303 292 2 θ ; 2千 7 262 254 246 239 232 226 220 214 209 204 19θ 195 190 186 182 17θ 175 1冫 1 167 1 64 11 6 1 58 1 (,虑 , 151 1⒆ 146 1姆 140 1 38 135 1 3B 131 128 126 124 122 121 119 117 116 115 113 1千 2 1ii 110 10:9 1 08 107 1 0θ 105 104 352 337 323 310 2θ B 2B7 2 7 26B 260 252 245 238 232 226 220 215 210 206 21 0 197 192 1ε 8 1 84 181 1 77 173 170 166 1 63 1 59 1 56 1 53 1 50 147 1鹎 141 i 39 136 1 ⒊ 132 1 铷 12B 126 124 123 121 120 19 1 1θ 1 1 千7 16 1 干1 5 千1 4 i3 i 12 1 11 1 10 1 θ 56 31 4 327 314 303 292 282 273 265 257 250 243 237 21 3 225 2 ⒛ 215 2i0 205 201 1 恁6 〕 1 92 i εθ 1B4 180 1 无 1 门 1 69 16s 1 能 159 155 152 1⒆ 146 1奶 141 138 1 θ6 134 i θ2 130 i 28 126 i 25 1 23 1∶⒉ ∶ ⒉ i21 12C 1θ i 17 1 16 1 15 1 14 1 35s 1 5 θ 4 34 328 316 CO5 2g5 285 276 268 260 253 246 240 2θ 4 228 222 217 22 27 1 1 207 203 1 98 1 94 1 90 1 86 182 i 78 174 i 7i 1 57 1 64 1 61 1 sB 1 55 1 52 149 146 1鹎 1 馆 1 39 137 1 3s 133 132 1θ 0 129 1 27 1 26 124 i 23 122 1 21 120 1 18 17 i1 1 2 1 15 120 212 2C7 202 1θ 1⒚ 1B9 18s 181 177 173 17C 167 163 1 60 157 1 54 152 149 147 1丨 ' 142 1,】 1 38 136 134 133 131 180 12B 127 126 125 124 ;23 122 l ' 丨 B 3 341 329 31B 307 297 288 27⒚ 270 262 255 248 241 235 229 223100 i Oo 1 00 1 00 1C0 100 i00 1Co 100 100 100 100 100 100 1001 02 1 02 11 0 1 ()o 1CC 10o i Oo 100 i Oo 100 10o 100 100 100 100{[p nzss-roTABLE 4 DistanceHardness Dividing Faclors for Boron Sleels, in.|dea丨 D amθ 妃 rJominyEnd ouench 0 slance(f,6 in.)10 12 14 i6 1θ() Dn15 1(, 17 1B 1θ 2 21 2 2 2 e 2 4 2 6 1 10 IO8 107 106 千05 1 04 1 03 1 02 1 02 102 i Oi 1Co 10o 1C0 10o 8 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 θ 3 9 4 41 4 2 4 3 4 4 1 00 100 1Co 100 1CC 100 10C 100 100 10C 100 10C 1 00 100 1 00 100 1C0 100 1CC 100 1CO 100 1Co 100 1 14 i 12 1 10 10θ 108 107 106 105 1 04 104 103 108 1 25 1 19 1 14 1 11 1 88 1 65 147 252 220 1 95 1 58 i46 13θ i29 120 170 148 1 gB 172 140 221 1 24 195 1θ 187 20 177 241 1 17 211 238 1 s8 224 2θ 270 25o 302 282 299 ⒋ 231 2“ 245 7 183 253 1 84 267 212 2g8 208 311 228 206 348 267 251 253 3ε 224 345 1 2θ 363 183 199 212 2s4 2θ 283 284 268 270 300 eO8 288 315 333 θ 1 323im1⒎ 21θ 1θ69 6 a 282 32θ 5 365 a27 345 362 4051 0θ 1 07 103 1 06 l03 101 1C5 102 1051 15 132 152 172 1 14 126 143 162 1 13 121279 30g 328 346 386 423 3 3{2 θ 4 159 1″ 208 240 265 2θ θ 219 1 B2 1 7s 17 1 24 156 151 124 1 21 138 1 17 1θ 1囹 1 25 1θ 147 154 161 1ε 1 21 108 1 1θ i 96 1 91 1 32 14θ i 2g 140 147 153 171 151 157 175 iθ 188 2C1 155 千 240 201 12⒙ 1 35 1 7B 1 72 146 ; 42 16e 1 62 1θ 186 1 66 1 60 179 1 99 1B0 1 74 1 89 212 2e5 1 85 211 25θ 226 1 96 229 35 1 2妊 1 50 146 142 1 63 158 154 8 1 73 168 163 150 1 82 i雨 171 1sB 191 166 209 1B5 223 217 0 198 211 3 206 20θ 203 222 237 1θ 7 215 230 2热 218 236 252 i 92 204 257 2乃 229 21θ 140 1 85 168 201 1 93 216 210 2⒛ 3 207 221 245 263 282 27i 269 225 20C 266 284 307 255 273 294 246 263 2θ 291 5 31C 251 339 27B 297 322 20θ 22θ 252 270 288 319 3 θ 341 30 ε 01 378 .● 04 θ 25 357 .9B4 θ 67 400 59 4011 90 229 26s 2θ1 36 153 167 1 8C 218 252 27B 297 315 35C 378 427104 1 12 1 17 13C 1⒕ 1C4 10B 1 C3 1 02 1 11 i 10 1 0g i OB 107 1 06 1 13 i 11 1 09 9 08 千 105 iO4 104 1 0θ 102 1 02 101 101 10干 1 05 1 0s 1C4 103 1 06 1 06 1Cθ 1 05 106 106 105 1 06 1C7 106 106 106 1 06 125 120 1a7 131 151 144 i 26 121 06 10B 10B i 64 1 57 1 3B 1 33 1 11 1 10 i12 1 1C 107 i21 1 18 1Cg 1 08 1 13 i O7 1 11 i 10 109 ’ I 14 i 31 127 1 16 1 i4 1 19 1 12 1 15 1 1θ 1 11 1θ 190 i 50 1 45100 10o 100 100 千 千 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 0C 1 00 1 00 1 00 千 1 00 1 00 100 100 00 00 100 100 100 100 10o 100 1 00 100 1 00 100 1001 17 1 14102 1 0110冫钙 娟 焖 妁103105iO2 104 106 101 00 100 101 101 千 103 105109 1 10 04 1C6 i Oθ1 23 1 36 108 10θ饣 5 ψ 引100 100 100 100 100 100 千001 03 105 107 1071 17 1 26 137 144 1sO 167 183 i47 163 179102 1 02 104 106 106 1 is 1 24 135 141100 1 00900 100100 I 1 02 100 I 1 02104 10θ1061061 14121 105 105132138 1 12144 i 1g15θ 130 136 141 156 171 1821751 87100100100 110,10,102 103 1 01 1 01 101 1 03 1 02 102r04104 1 10 1 04 1 04 103 1C7 1 16 1 09 1 0ε 1 12 ‘oa 干02 1 02 1 01 1 01 120 125 130 i 19 1 17 1 26 1 14 131 1 24 136 1 2θ 1 13 1 41 123 12g 1 22 154 1 3: 1 49 1641231741331391 84 1 461521 60 1 701671.7A5 3 s 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 B 5 θ 6 61 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 51 00 1CO 1 00 10O 1 00 1001 00 1 00 100 1 00 i O0 千 1 00 1C0 100 1 00 100 100 i Oo 00 100 1 001 27 163 1511 321鹎1 571 671 00 100 1 00iO0 1CO1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 10C 100 100100 1001 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 i O0 1 00 1 001 00 1C0i CC 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 100 100 100 1001CC 1001 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 100 100100 1001 00 1 00 I O0 1 00 1 00 100 1001Cl 1001 CO 1 00 1 CO 1 CO 1 CO100 I 102 100 ! 1021 0C 1 00 1 00 1 0C 千 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 0C 1 00 00 1 00 100 100 1 001o6 1 11 105 1 1C 104 10θ160i22 126 1 36 148 156 1 16 i 20 124 1 33 146 153 18 123 131 1 I7 12i 1 15 i i4 1 12 1 11 107 106 105 128 1 19 千 1 15 1 13 10θ 1C8 107 1 10 iO⒙ 1 14 121 1 18 133 1ε i 12 125 1 16 129 1 1千 121 125 127 132 138 0 】 35 141 i2⒗ 17 123 1 35 147 I38 14i 144 143 150104 108 1 14 10θ 102 102 101 101 00↑ 107 1 18 1 07 1 06 1 05 1 04 1 12 1 10 109 108 i O3 1 02 1 01100 100i00 100 彳∞ Ⅳ ∞ & 71 00 100 100 10C 100 100 1∞ i O0 100 100 10C 100 100100 100 100 100100 10O100 100 100 100 iO0100 1CO 1 C01 001 001 CO1 001 001 00千001 001 001 001 001 00 I1 0s1 C61 071 0g1 181 211.001.00100r.00100100I 001 . 0 0| 1 0 41.0s1.os107Lt41.17{p azssroTABLE 5 Distance Hardness Dividing Faclors lor Boron Steels, mmldea| Dameter(mm) JomnyEndouench DisLan@13 i5 40 45 50(0m Dm40 425 45 475 50 525 55 575 60 625 65 676 70 725 75 775 80 825 85 875 90 925 95 975 100 102s iO5 107s 110 12 16 15 1 17 15 120 15 2 125 127s 130 15 2 135 1.● 5 140 142s 145 6 155 157s 160 5 1Zl 1725 `∴ 1∶虑 ,
100 1Co i Oo 1Co 100 100 100 10o 100 100 1 07 1 0乓 ; 105 1 04 1 03 103 1 03 i O2 IC2 101 千C1 100 100 100 i0o 100 10o 100 10o 100 10o 100 100 100 100 10o 100 10o 100 100 100 100 10o 100 100 100 100 100 1 00 1 ∞ 1 00 1 0 千00 125 11 2 18 1 14 1 12 1 千0θ 1 0B 1 06 1 05 i O4 1 03 i 03 102 1 02 9C1 101 I Oo 100 100 100 10o 100 10o 100 100 i00 100 i Oo 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 00 1 ∞ 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 100 1 00 100 1 00 i Oo 100 100 i Oo 100 100 i00 100 i0o 100 10o 100 100 10o 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 0 100 千0C 10o 1 00 1 0C iO0 1 0C 100 10o 100 10o 100 100 100 900 100 千∞ 100 千92 i7θ 千57 145 135 128 122 17 1 14 1 11 1 109 108 107 10δ 106 105 105 105 1C4 104 iO3 103 102 11 0 100 100 100 100 10 0 100 1 00 100 千00 100 1 00 100 i Oo 10 0 i Oo 千00 i Oo 1 00 100 256 24 3 24 1 1θ 7 1B3 170 159 149 149 135 129 1 ⒉ 120 17 1 14 1 12 1 11 1 ;0 1 109 1 0B 107 1 07 1 06 1 06 1 ()6 105 105 105 104 1C4 108 103 103 102 102 101 iO1 100 100 10o 100 100 100 264 2 昭 226 210 1g6 183 171 161 153 145 13B 132 127 123 1θ 1 16 1 1θ 1 11 1 109 108 107 106 105 104 千∝ 104 1 03 103 i Ue 103 1 l.● iO2 1 02 102 1 02257 24C 224 210 1 97 iB6 1 zs 166 1 57 150 143 137 132 127 12θ 120 17 1 15 1 13 1 19 1 109 10B 107 106 106 105 105 105 i∝ 104 1 ∝ 104 1 03 103 10R 102 1 α iO2 1 01 252 237 223 210 1 9g i BB 1 沼 170 1 θ2 15s 14B 143 13B 133 12θ 126 12θ 120 18 1 16 1 14 1 i3 1 12 1 11 1 10 1 10θ 108 108 107 107 106 105 1 05 1/ 0I 104 103 1C3 10a 1C2 1 00 1Co 1C0 100 100 10o 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1CC 100 100 100 100 25ε 243 232 2; 2 2 & 21 0 193 1θ 5 178 171 165 169 1骈 149 145 i4; 137 134 131 128 125 123 121 119 117 11s 平14 113 1i1 110 i0θ 1 0B 107 253 242 21 3 221 21 1 208 195 187 iB1 174 16θ 163 1sθ 154 150 i46 140 13θ 136 134 131 129 127 125 123 11 2 1g 1 18 1 16 1 15 1 14 1 21 7 259 z47 237 227 218 20⒚ 21 0 194 iB7 181 175 17C 165 161 156 153 149 146 143 140 138 135 133 131 929 127 1 25 282 270 259 28 4 238 22g 220 212 2C5 1 9:: 1 θ1 1m 1Bo 1 75 170 1 θ6 162 1 5B 155 152 149 1筘 144 141 13g 1e7 1θ 4 132 1θ o 128 i 26 1 24 289 277 266 255 246 237 22θ 21 2 21θ 207 21 0 i g5 189 184 千80 175 171 1 67 i∝ 1ε C 1 , 1 54 15i 14B i奶 143 141 13B 136 134 131 12θ 127 1 25 122 1‘ 142 140 937 135 1 33 130 127 1 2B 1 19 1 14 145 143 140 137 133 i 2θ 126 120 4 30θ 292 2BC 269 259 2sO 2趁 2s0 22冫 21 24 2 3 215 20θ 203 1 θ B 1 93 1 8B 1 阴 180 i 75 172 1 6B 164 1 θ1 158 155 152 227 221 216 210 205 201 196 191 1B7 18θ 1 7θ 175 172 i6a 1δ I62 1 59 1 (,6 15a 1 51 1 鲳 5 326 3i1 298 2ε 275 2⒗ 256 248 241 s 6Ioazss-ro d[JPTABLE lMultiplyinq 6 Factors, in.Carbon %AⅡ oy Gra n s|z0冫 o1 0 o Φ o03 O ∝ o ∞ o ∞ o σ o Og 009 o10 o & o12 013 oi⒕ o15 o16 o17 018 o1‘ 〕 o ⒛ 01 2 o 2 o ⒛ o24 o25 o ⒛ 027 02B 029 o ∞ o1 3 o32 o ∞ o ⒊ o 飞 o ∞ o 了 0 $ 039 0⒕ 0 041 o‘ 2 043 C 轺 C45 o46 o47 C48 C49 o50 o51 052 o53 o54 o55 o5δ o57 o58 059 060 oi 6 00C5 o011 0C16 o022 0C27 0082 CO38 o04θ CO4g o054 o Os9 CO65 CO70 0076 C OB1 C OB6 00θ 2 CO97 o103 o10B 011θ Cl9 l o124 C130 C135
C151 o157 01ε 2 o167 o173 o17B o1B4 0189 01θ 4 o200 o205 o2& 1θ o220 o223 o225 33 o235
o253 02s5 o258 o260 67 θ 33 33 33 2867 2θ 0o 00
iO67 1 100 9 i33 1 167 i20C θ 00 1333 ‘367 140C 0C 00 1633 千667 千700 1 733 1767 I80C 千833 i 867 1 900 1 933 1 967 67 67 67 21 lO28 4θ 70 91
11 12 11 19 1 126 1 13θ 1 140 1 147 1 154 1 16孑 1 168 1 175 1 I82 1 189 1 196
11 27 38 1 245
I280 千287 1 2g4 1θ 01 千308 1 315 1∞ 2 1 V〈 〕 1 336 1 343 i∞ o 1 357 1∞ 4 1 371 1 378 i ∞ 5 1392 1 (;θ) 冬 14C6 27 10 2B i 207 1B 07 18 29 108θ 44 54 105θ 6θ 80 91 θ 1 102 1 10s 1 109
1 120 1 123 1 127 113i 1 134 1 138 1 142 1 145 1 14θ 1 152 1 156 1 160 1 163 ; ;67 i171 ∶ 1 I;′ z} 1 17a 1 182 1θ5 18恁〕 1V 1θ(; 200 65
1 130 15 11 1 173 1 194 11 26 θ 24 θ θ 9 54 1475 14θ 7 62 15θ θ 48 1670 16θ i 56 B21 θ θ 6 so 19氵 2 1g94 58 208C 45 2166 21BB 21 20 74 22θ 6 21 38 1 0(; 1 0恁讠 1 09 112 115 11B 121 1⒉ 1 27 130 1 33 1 3θ 139 1 骢 145 1 4a 千51 1势 157 千60 ;63 166 I69 1 ″ i 无 1 78 1θ 1 1阱 1 8冫 1 g0 1 93 1 θ(, 1 9:〕 2 V 205 208 21 1 214 2i7 22C 223 226 229 22 3 2a5 2 ∞ 21 4 2 锕 247 250 253 256 2s9 262 265 100 101 101 101 102 102 108 103 108 104 104 104 105 105 105 106 106 107 107 107 10B 108 10B 10g 109 109 110 110 111 111 111 112 112 112 113 113 114 1i4 1i4 195 115 1‘ 5 116 116 116 117 117 1i8 118 ;18 119 11θ 119 120 12C 102 103 105 107 109 110 112 114 116 117 1iθ 121 122 124 12ε 12θ 129 181 188 135 1 02 1 05 1 07 10 1 12 1 1s 1 i7 1 1 20 i 22 1 26 1 27 1 30 i θ2 1 35 1 37 1 40 142 1 45 I47 150 152 155 i57 160 1 62M n si N| Cr Mo Cu zr11rzss-to ,(flpTABLE 6Ca曲 %^Ⅱ α Gra n Mn s|ze7 e3 31C7 3200 32θ 32C7 θ 33e7 7 e o0 3633 3刀 3733 0ε 3BO0 3ε 3e67 ♂ 3θ θ 33 33 33 θ 4e67 44o0 00 45θ 33 174θ 1756 1 /s3 1392 i Bθ 46sz ⒋ 700 00 θ 00 B96 1出 170 1 ``` 1 /B?
i428 3 i417
3猢 1432 3。 zo 。 θ 527 1θ i0Oe 1 B0● 8 1407 .R41θ i 3θ 6 羽 33s● 3`6 17o7 2θ
3 326θ 1● tp iB8s 13BB
θ 3 74 16θ θ 3 25 137B B~● 51 72
1B● 1邛 1期 1θ 1 356 θ ⒂ θ 52 13Bl 1334 13∞ 1 2θ 2θ
30s2 3074 30θ 6 16o2 13i2 θ 00 33 1s8ε 38 2B58 16 1θ 1^9● 2B7θ 1θ t 2θ 2θ 2θ 01 22 44 66 e7 1595 13∞ ∞ 1s81 1θ 130s Oi 2B14 53 3667 15θ
0 2’ 2ε 1294 2ˉ 2〃 2丙 ● o 1 θ 128o 2663 t 2⒗ 85 06
3483 15iθ 350o 20 2 127⒗ 2642 12田 s5 ∞ 2sθ 8 1476 14θ 14θ 1247 on g Nl Cr M。 。 u V ZrCo″? nuedo62 o6θ o64 o⒗ 5 o66 o67 068 o6θ o zl 071 o72 o zB o7‘ 076 o/e 077 07B o7θ C80 081 o涩 C83 CB4 085 CB6 0B7 0⒙ 8 0B9 o gO 0 θ 1 0θ 2 o gθ 0θ 4 0θ 5 Cg6 0θ 7 Cg8 0θ θ 100 1o1 102 10θ 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 11。。 116 117 118 ii9 1⒛ 121 1271 77
O283 θ 0291 02θ O295 02θ O299 o eO1 030θ θ
C314 08i6 C318 0317 0θ10e4 55 14621玛 1勿 1独 12θ θ 3 0 θ 2s12 2426 14θ θ 1243 2锕 62339 2θ 23B2 o 25345Qs1 51C2ia0z 1 85414e9 1 443o6i4 θ 63512.(ff mss roT^BLE 6Ca曲 onCo″fnued%^Ⅱ四Gra n si⒛ 7MnsiCrMoCu1⒛ i⒉ 1⒛ 1⒛ i27 1.9B i⒛ 1⒛ 1 31 1B9 1铷 1(;', 1∞ i∞ 1 37 1⒛ 1⒛ 1如 141 1‘}:∶ 1'、(⒊ 1'‘'‘ 1锱 1鲳 i驴 1鲳 1翎 1 C ●。 i1 5 1 臣 1;⒊ (( 1 “ 1 甾 1 ∞ 1 z ● 1B s i ∞ 1o s 1 61 1眨 i龀 1(;‘ l 165 1弱 1s● 1CB 1∞ i刀 171 1″ 1刀 1⒎ 1乃 1甭 1刀 1/e 17θ 180 181 182 183 1845153 5∝ 2 5犭 5⒛ 5匆
566θ 51 74
5θ 67 51 98 71
s 留 8275 6⒓ 6Bz7 6佗 θ 6● ●θ 32 ε8θ 8 ε704 87 89θ 8 698θ 7砚 93 74 24 θ 7397 7铋 0i 75 62 7丙 7 ⒎ θ 07 79sB θ 009
B162 B1 23 B264 3 , 4 θ o 6 5 δ 81Bs1 1868 1乃 B 18眵 1B8θ iB98 1903 1θ 10 19i7 1g⒉ 1θ 31 1938 1θ 45 1g52 1 959 1g66 1θ 73 1 9θo 1 987 1 9θ4 20Oi 2CO8 C29 20θ 6 67 78
20θ 9 20 41 62 83 21θ o 21⒐ 220● 22ii 221B 39 24 26 2。 2 2s 2o 22θ 7 27 24 2⒙ 2 22B8 1 Bi 〃 峪3? 6 θOB z θ700z1 4503△ ⒓ θ 743
θ 80θ 3B30 3引 8 3 e873 3g 8? 3i 96 8千
40? ,δ o & 75
4240 z l53。o71(91 1 ‘ i媚 5 1 婀 ε 14″ i 镅 1 z ● g i翎 1 “ 诒 i 490
501 i5∞ 1 50B 1 512 11 55 ii 5θ 1 ⒌ B i ⒌ iB 5o 1B 5● i 537 i 1 粥 1● s ⒌i ⒗i 552 千556 1 561 i甾 5 I5’ o 1 574 i ,θ 15“ i8 58 1 590 i597 10 62 i∞ 6 ⒍ ⒛ 1砭 ⒕ i Gze 1 6BB i猢 1 α 61 i666 16ˉ C 1 6●s 1 67θ 1684 16Bθ 1693 16θ 8 旧 i 6驴⒛ ⒛ ∞ ν 茁4370 4θ θ1 4^I3 4‘ 34 4彳 56 4⒕ 7θ 千 4 ⒌ 46 54 2θ
ˉ Bˉ 475θ 4780 4θ ⒑ 2 4B23
4BB8 4 θ 1 0 4θ 31 4953 4θ 74 ⒓13dfpmss-rot^BLE6 Co冖Ca曲 %丨 ^ o l Gan r sz ε 185 186 187 1Be 18θ 1θ o 191 192 1θ 8 194 1θ 6 196 lθ 7 198 1θ 9 200 21 0 202 203 24 0 205 206 207 208 209 20 1 2 & 212 2i3 214 215 216 217 218 2i9 2 ⒛ 1B28 1 B∝ 1B39 1B45 18so 1B56 B72 1B78 1 εB● 1Bθ o 1B96 1gO1 1θ 0冫 1θ 13 191g 1 犭 θ 1 塑 θ 193B 1 θ僻 ⒖ 666 5e87 52 17 82
。 o946 i 01 6B 0B 6064 δoC z 80θ B 62 27 6249 62氵 o 7 B8i5 B366 8417 B46θ B51θ 8570 θ 621 B672 B723 θ 7/0 B825
2∞ eao 2337 2? a 2⒖ 3
⒊ 2ˉ B 23B6 23θ 3 2400 ⒓ g o 1 θ 1zl3 千zl8
千722 i727 i汨 2 iˉ B6 1 ●01 i 0 ˉ e 1 ● s1 i75e 11 1 766 1 71 i 拍 1田 l 1786 1 ’g1 i 7θ7 1 802 iB07 4θ θ 6 θ
s104 6θ s190 ⒖ 212
27 ⒖ 2θ B 5320 6⒓ a 5363 53Bs 5006 ⒖ 42B 545C 14 553e
onMn sl N丨 Cr Mo Cu zr● ,uεd& 2 昭团 2 ⒛ ⒉ 犭 ⒛ ' 犭 ⒛ ⒛ 引 塑 ∞ ∝ ∞ ∞ 冫 铷 蛩 如 削 趁 闷 婀21 06
2037 i 982 1 989 ∞ ∞ ∞195C 1 θ∞ 1963 l θ∞ 1z sC14azss d$P - torA臼 LE 6Ca曲 %|, ^o Gra& size7 245 246 27 4 2B 0 2 鹈 250 2J 00 2051 2⒑ 5B 2G 0s 27 02 2⒛ 0 2B 0z 20呖 2i∞ 21 10 2iB i 41 2i49 ● ● 2182 21θ o 16 θ 60 226θ 22氵 8 22B7 2297 2θ 0θ 35 Ⅱ 轺 / 30 23B4 23θ 6 26 243ε 6θ 20Bo 24θ 1
54 ● e3 14 6锱 ⒕ oo onMn si Ni Cr Mo CuCo刀rl uε d⒌ ν ∞ 弘 甾 ∞ 了 田 ∞ ∞21 6 29 s 2B s 24 6 25 6 26 6 2 7 ε 2B s 269 2o / 2i 7 2 〃 23 7 24 7 275 2 e ’ 2 〃 278 279 280 21 8 282 2ε θ 2o e 285 286 28冫 288 2θ 9 290 2 θ 1 2θ 2 2θ θ 24 9 2θ 5 296 2θ 7 2θ 8 2θ 9 300 eO i 302 303 34 015d[pmss-rot^BLE 6Carbon % ll Ao Gmn s ze7 305 306 3C7 308 30θ 30 1 3l l 312 313 314 315 316 e17 318 e19 320 31 2 3 2 33 2 θ⒉ 8 巧 θP s 3 ⒉ θ⒛ 329 3 ∞ 20 6z 2619 26θ 1 ⒛ 僻 265δ
29 64 B● 2冫 47 2760 27’ 0 27BB 2θ 01 2 1 θ 5 B5e 27 B2 28B7 2⒚ 01 2 θ 1 6 2⒚ 31 2 0 θ o 296iMn si N| Cr Mo Cu zrCohf nl ed⒊ ⒊ ⒊ 望 ⒊ 留 ⒊ ⒊ ⒊ 钆BO23⒊ ∞ ⒊ 冫 ⒊ ⒛ ⒊ 幽 ⒊ 如 ⒊ 引 ⒊ ⒓ ⒊ 铝 ⒊ 狃 ⒊ 婚 ⒊ ⒗ ⒊ 好 ⒊ 姆 ⒊ ⒚ ⒊ ⑩θ 19 1 ei豁 3152 θ i69 3千 86
θ 070 30θ 6 θ 103猫 猢 ⒛3255 3 扪16.{$}azss roTABLE 7 Carbon Conlent. Inilial Hardness.s0 % Martensite HardnessHardnos合 % Ca沁 Content o1C ol l o12 013 o14 o15 016 o17 o18 o1冬 9 o ⒛ o1 2 o 2 O ⒛ o ⒉ o25 o ∞ o ⒉ 0B 2 o29 onMart。~HRCC R H s s e n d (l ta n | 1 ∞ %n$te% s% 0 Mre$θ atnl C扯 bon Co&θ nlln‖ 100% Ma№|el 50% n$&e Ma欣 en$Ⅱ o% Ca曲 on Content o50 o51 aB 3θ ‘ 4C 4i 41 o ⒑ s2 053 o54 o55 o56 o57 +● 馆 4e 43 43 44 狃 45 45 ⒕ 46 4θ 5 o5θ C5θ o60 C1 6 o62 063 o64 o65 0θ 6 o6冫 o6g oθ 9}n tial 1l 0%Mad。 n$&eaH50% M&nⅡ aes e38 8θ 40 40 41 4; 42 42 4θ 44 44 45 46 46 46 47 4θ 49 49 5026 z 27 ⒛ 28 2θ θ o 30 1 θ 3io30 o31 o32 o33 o34 035 o36 037 o3θ o39 o40 041 o⒕ 2 o43 o狃 o45 o46 o47 o48 o4θ50 5i 5i 52 53 53 54 55 55 56 56 s7 57 5B 5θ 59 59 5θ 5θ 60a7 386I 61 62 62 3 ε 63 6θ 64 64 64 64 64 65 65 65 65 65 6s 65 65中 47 ⒕ B 48 4B 49 49 5C 50 51 虑 ,1 51 5i 52 52 52 ⒓ 53 53 53∞ ν ∞ 弭 ⒊35 35 36 θ 6 37TABLE I Jominy Distancelor 50 ooMartensiteversus Dl (in.)V。 Ⅱ 宣 n o 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 8 5 4 0 4 s 5 0 5 5 6 0 6 5 7 0 7 5 8 0 B 5 9 0 θ5 10 0 15 0 & o D| n o25 o50 o● z 096 18 1 1 $ i 5B 1 秃 1 94 210 226 242 256 270 284 297 3Cg 31 2 333 a44 355 365 J %石 16 1 120 12s 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 1ε 5 1θ o 195 200 205 210 215 220 m D| n 3 乃 385 θ 95 404 413 422 41 3 49 a 47 4 456 463 41 7 4 乃 48s 4g3 500 sO7 5i4 51 2 527 s34 540 V %● 225 23C 235 240 245 250 255 2⒗ 0 265 270 275 2B0 2B5 290 295 3Co 30s 310 315 320 nDn546 552 55B 564 56g 5 丙 s8C 5B5 5θ C 595 6Co 605 61C 614 61θ 623 ⒗ 28 632 7 ⒗θ 61 4IABLE 9 Jomihy Distancelor 50 % lladensile vercus Dl (mm)V mm 1 0 2 0 θo 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 1C 5 10 6 1C 7D1mm7 θ 18 5 232 eo2 366 427 484 538 58θ 637 682 725 766 B05 843 B78 92 1V mm 180 1θ o 200 210 220 230 24C 250 260 27C 280 290 ⒛ o 310 30 2 330 ⒊ oD1mmg4s 971 C66 10⒚ θ 12 10 14 17 17 12 19 17 122i 90 1 1 θ 2 V mm θ 50 360 370 θ o B 390 400 410 420 430 婀 o 450 46C 470 镏 490 5CC 0D|mm 137θ 30 144θ 99 46 千 561 15冫 6 1917,([J} mss-roTABLE 10 Boroh Facto.s versus % Carbon and Allov Factora%Ca沁 o10 Cl l o12 o13 014 016 oI6 o17 o18 o1恶 〕 o20 01 2 o 2 o23 o ⒉ 025 o26 o⒉ o⒛ 029 030 031 o ∞ C 留 0 留 C35 o36 o37 o38 C3g 040 o1 4 o42 04θ o 婀 o45 046 o47 04θ o49 o50 o1 5 o52 053 o 笄 o55 o56 o5冫 o58 o59 o ∞ 01 6 o62 o ∞ o 觯 o65 066 o67 06B C6θ o70 01 7 1CC 100 1Co i00 on 618 576 538 504 472 444 419 3θ 6 375 357 340 326 31:∶ 31 0 290 2i 8 273 266 259 25⒕ 248 2⒕ 4 20 4 236 232 229 226 228 220 2i7 215 212 20θ 206 204 21 0 1θ B 195 iθ 2 1B9 186 1ε 0 180 177 174 171 168 165 162 159 156 1 W 1 51 149 146 1昭 千42 140 13θ 137 135 1 5C 1缌 145 148 538 507 47θ 452 428 406 386 368 351 θ∞ 32 31C 29B 28B 2 沼 2 刀 22 6 255 249 2a + 2 B ● 2ε 8 228 224 220 216 213 210 207 204 21 0 19θ 1θ 5 1g3 1θ o 188 185 1θ 2 180 177 175 孑72 170 ; ⒘ 1 65 1 ∞ i48 146 144 i42 139 137 136 134 132 130 129 127 126 i08 905 {02 12g 127 i25 123 609 47 7 44e 422 398 36 7 357 34C 324 3io 2θ 7 286 276 267 25g 21 5 245 239 2θ 3 22B 224 220 216 212 209 205 202 199 1θ 6 193 190 1θ 7 1胳 1θ 1 178 175 173 170 167 164 ;si 1s9 1 t^6 1 531 1 13 15 22 2641 6 434 410 388 3$8 350 3B4 31g θ0s 2g3 2B2 272 26θ 255 247 240 234 228 22θ 218 214 210 206 202 1θ 8 195 i92 1θ 8 185 182 179 17θ 173 17i 168 1θ 5 1 62 1s9 1 57 1 54 1 51 149 i46 144 142 i3θ428 40s 3B4 365 347 a31 316 30θ 2 θ 1 280 270 260 252 244 287 280 224 218 213 20B 204 199 195 191 187 1θ 4 180 177 174 170 167 1 斟 i62 15θ i56 153 I 恁 ,1 148 146 1缌 141 1ε 冬 ) 137 1 a4 132 130 12B 126 124 122414 3B8 365 344 325 30θ 294 21 8 270 259 250 242 234 227 221 215 210 205 200 196 192 1ε 8 184 180 176 172 169 165 162 158 155 1s2 149 146 143 141 938 1 36 千33 131 12:〕 1 2谗; 126 i24 123372 854 337 31 2 307 294 282 21 7 21 6 252 243 235 228 21 2 25 1 20θ 203 198 193 1BB 18θ 17θ 174 1冫 0 166 ;63 159 1 55 1 62 i 49 1 46 1 43 i 40 1 37 i 35 1 32 1 30 12a 126 1 ⒉ 1 ⒉ ∶ ∶ 乙 12C 18 1 i6 1368 3 娲 330 314 2θ θ 286 2 ⒎ 263 2s3 2 佴 235 228 220 214 207 2C2 1 96 191 1Bθ 1ε 1 176 1″ 1ε 8 164 16C i56 152 149 145 142 139 136 133 131 12B 126 123 121 19 1 17 1 14 1 92 1 10 1 IO7 1 05 1 02355 335 31B 3C3 2B9 26 7 26⒕ 254 244 2 ∞ 22ε 22C 213 207 2C1 1 95 iB9 i84 17ε 174 i /o 165 161 i57 153 14θ 145 142 188 135 132 12θ 126 124 121 11θ 117 115 113 i1i 109 107 iO4 千02 100 100 10C 100 100 1CC100 i0o 千00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1C 0 1Co 1CC 100 100 100100 100 100 100 10C 100 100 100100 1CC 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 I001 00 1Co18d[p rzss rotABLE 10 Co″ ● ed Pto ⒓ o73 o 弭 o75 o76 o 7 o78 o79 o80 o 1 ε 12θ 127 126 1241⒛117 114 1i:∶ 108 15 0 11 0 1()() 100 100 1 0C 1⒑ 0 iO0 1⒑ 0i05 102 i OC i00 100 10o 1Co 100 10o 100 100 10C 10o1Co 100 1CC iCl 100 100 100 100 100 100 i00 1Co 100100 100 100 1CC 100 i00 100 100 100 100 i00 100 100 10o 100 10o i0o 100 100 100 100 10o 10o 10l 1Co 100 100100 i Oo 100 100 100 100 100 i Oo⒓ 田 阱100 100 100oB s 06 8100 900100 100100 i Oo100 i Oo100 100'Al oy faclor is $e producl of a I tho multiplying laclorc (Tabl6 s) erciudlna ihal lor calod.T^BLE11 Equat∶Ca曲 on汜 ran s|ze7 %c n Ul0 po幽ons for TabIe6mult∶Iy∶ ρ ng Fac⒗rs0vo|039ω 0oOs l Osm V` s t 7%c055%md0Vθ r o55to065% }nc| 0Vθ r o zs to090% ndManganθ Ul⒈ pt 0ver1⒛ $θ ⒛ %d & 1o195% nc丨= 0.171 0.001 (%c) + 0.265 (%cF + =0.115 0.263 %c) - 0.033 %c)2 ( ( + = 0.062 0,40s (%c)-0135 ( %c)2 + =33333(%Mn)+1.00sⅢ oon lo200%,丨 Nickθ | Up lo150% lnc| 0e1Ol⒊ ,rs%o Ch⒑ Copper∞ m⒑ mω o甾 25o%hd % nd Mo ybdε num to055% ndnC丨5n %d- 1.00+0.333%Ni) ( = 0.1 (%Nl)- 0.6119 (%Nl)2+ + 0.153 ( ToNi)3 = 1.00+0.365%Cu) (lrd眈 divm lo0⒛ zircc n um to025% nc|% ino|= 1.OO 2,5l,/,Zl +:玢dff azssroTABLE12 Equat∶ lnl al Hardness ons for Tab1e7Carbon Conten1I&lti81&ardneBs,50%maitens∶ te Hardness″ ˉ 33087+∞ns把 Ha闷 nessVsX+33ε +2268酽⒍ 2`-27o。 -7179zX宙a炉 -1o7o2炉 +θ 5ε 6酽+。 s5⒉ 助虍 -491 25× 每50%Ma南″ ˉ 21 93+27150×Whθ re: H ˉ X? Hr n合 at e %a C曲 o n s HC mRT^BLE13 Equat∶ons for ta0Ies8and9Jom|nˇDi8tance for50%maitens尼te Ve`sus DIol {in.)=-0.53x0.+ + 0.m1136f- 2.696E.05x'+ 2.49E-07t5 DI (mm)= -{.5203 + 4,3x& 0.00z8f - 0.00oji 2sx'+ .s973E-07x' + x = J Position %. n. or mm inTABLE14 Equatlon6tor Tablei0 Bofon Facrorversus % Carbonand Alloy FactorAⅡ 吖 %Φ r Boron F蛐 r5lo0⒔5%C incl BFˉBR~1312; -iOi i6X+38376Xz-⒎ 1oo BFˉ BF~1oo BF? Bˉ F BF? BF≈BFˉ BFˉ BF~θ BF~i Oo BFˉ BF~i Oo BF~冫 BF? BFˉ BFˉ 2匆 1oo 7ii6-$5BX+2’ 1oo -∞ 6θ4X+⒉ ⒕ “ ε 212-犯 ⒚ 2θ8X+⒛ 7⒛2θθ X备 +67513X● O-24244×阝o●er0B5%C 7t00⒔ 1 %C }nc丨甾× +24θ2Ⅸ θ F-织⒕ 丙 X‘ +411 02X°-14647冲C、θ r0ε 1%C θ】 o077%C |nc丨 伽 θ O7C r 7% i1 lo073%C ind o θ rO73%C13to C C7%C lnd 0Vk|rO67%C 150068%C lnd 0Vθ r O63%C 18lo05θ %C ind1o542-80631 X+θ 1o 0 θo34~∝ 1oo8o94i -55θ 1o0 o084~77姆2036》P-663o1 X‘+65552X?-25751 X阝B闪X+25292X°-51558X备+52280X°-2084δ》 卢QC X+21938X卩-‘ 6623X吝+504θ7X4-2i945X卢8X+36281 炉-Bθ 67θX谷 +110i 9X°-58249》卢炉 -50717X谷+6婀00X‘-32839炉0。 er O59%C 22lo055%C ind 0V钌 055%C炉 -65533X备+867缌X4-45θ田 X’2ε l00。 ,3%C,l^d 0Vθ r O53%C Whe沦X ˉ %at n orKa62'~zoo o1X$+1021sO烀-5∞奶X查;dff mss-roIAAIE 15 Equallon.lor Tabl2 t'sbrc.T DBLnceH!nh...Dn,|dng Fictoc tor Non-Bo.DnabdiE,v0hg FaCu,rtn.o丨 C/? n)To⒉DI^1,hclDF = 463s61 - n.00692 X + 13,33314 - 3.3023 )C )C+ 2.766{18 0,3130 ).X. oF - 2,a1904 O,2&54X-1A.1,597 033A13 )eX.+ 0,034&X6 DF=5,43 +3,..13301 r-O,Ol015 X6 DF = ,1,rceX r 0,966503 X'- 0.163536 + 0.012095 - 0. X3 X. X! oF = 499.|36 - 2.16072 + 0,5A027 - O.oar45X.+ O.m/O)C- OOOO53oA27 X X2 X. DF = .4lttsa X + 0,0@35399 + o.n2947 )e - 0,0237546 )G X1+ 0.615@6 F DF = 4,4ar93- 1.70065 + 0.2|617 X2+ 0.0337aX3- O.01ta9X.+ 0.000B|164 )e X DF = a,l'.t421- 2,43521X + 062933)C - + O - O,OOOO120363 )C X6 DF= 5,77 + 0,34133 - 0.., X X2 X3+ X.X6 -2,300X2-0.17297X3+o,fi Xa-0, DF=5, DF = 5.346 + O,SaO36 0.1713,1Xr 0.016t685X.- O.oOOTSOO1a X X2+ )C DF = 6.0@52- 3.15l9a X + Ogg297f2- 0.1a010XJ+ Ofi7129 X: - 0.0,f DF = .fro6o5 + t.a4|2 )C - O33A4(| Xr + O.@4.5fl4r - O.OOi8g927 X X. DF = 7.al3AA- 5.100e2 + i.921410)C- os9{591 )e+ O.qOTaa - 0.m1651127 X X. X. DF = 9.la13a - 6.6tO4! X + 27580r )C - O51rd3 )C + 0_067165x. - 0.0@60700 X3 DF = ,2i451 X + 233153)G - Oaa972)e + O047265tX. - O.OOt36o65 )C -5.16125X+ 1.4121a O354I9 DF= 4,62357 )G)e+ 0065687 X.- O.OOlagl )Cooar21 To⒍ 1,hd 0ˇ o`θ 1 To4i‘ 丨 nCl o。t`4i io4n‘ oVer44 To5n hd 0ˇof50 To⒌ ⒋ nd oJe`53 Io⒌ ⒐ nd ooε `50 To⒌ θ ,|nCI oVg5Bio|nclTo6i. |nCl 0e6 Vfi To ε θ |nCl ‘ C、旧r66⒕ ⒗ m ⒛ ⒉ ⒛ ∞Whe以 X ˉ Dn l‘^MaX Dl审nhg Ce⒎ On{ft mss-toiA日 LE10=qu口 tlon8for TabIe30lBlan∞ H△ Ⅰ u&o::Dl峒 Ing FaCtois for Nonˉ BOm&s妇 θ Io,mm△ Dsa~ rlmll3⒑ To塑Dl^ ⒐ lnd Chfe`525 0 nd O DFˉ DFˉ DF~40e幽 DFˉ nCl DFˉ nd DFˉ DF=100 nd DFˉ O DFˉ 5, nd C~Br1za5 0F~l Oo 61⒌ ⒗9-012z● 79∞ 84四 01-0171Ψ 64-o22e● DFˉ 501⒌ 1∞ ⒖ -0lX】 s,ega X+Oso00EO0'-⒋ DF~⒋ 10o 明 g15-o oze20ao X+e7帑 1C ‘ -1-0lOaOza X+71Bo1BE O0'-2跏 DFˉ DFˉ 0Fˉ DFˉ o1刀 1lX θ mBz-⒍ 1∞ OBss161X+⒍ 9⒘ +o1zsaa X-oo1oaB1'+31eB囵oMdm°Fabr El,IX卩 -40OBoG【 lB X?☆ ⒉010z0E● ,0炉50To10⒌ Chre`9∞001saOog r~gI,Bz17EOs X9艹2G“ X旧 :Ca X?+5oCα&B12X’70To`225,lnOl 0Voi92254锪 θ θ— Oi叩 θ 10o51X+⒍002∞ 151X2-1ε晒0EO5虍+8笛eeBBCB X?-i sB0ssE10烀θOTo1e50,lnd 0ˇor1o6o-o ooθ 20Os X+000;1θ0ε7X玄 -7+OC86E匆θ X。 +X?-24sBi5E11 X阝110To1000,】 oeri0001o巳 o0Xz-1钌23E 仓Xs-⒊2175BE OθX‘ 夺 20ε 0⒛ ε 11炉1⒊ OTt 10P5 ∶ 0Ⅵ 钌 10z5oE门 ε ,e☆ 2meg:1oX?+125a田B11炉150To1ss0∶ 0oaf1甾⒓13E● ,o邛+8Ba,B,E Cg X?-8z0BmE13冷20⒑To1″55i1$-o1o喵10X+1 9⒌焚 ε 0θ r-i? 滔s1∞ 1E OB X9●2,s12B:0gx?-43110E1I炉犭 o 300 350 匆 0 奶 0 ∞ OWhˉX=Dl△DFˉ DF≈ 0Fˉ 0F=θ DFˉ DFˉaθ × +15zBB5E OO Xz-ii208E Os X备 8X+24∞ 20E0θ 炉 -1θ .’ -2叼 z4× +35⒃ 15ε 03× ge X+θ 1冫 XⅡ o铋 19EO0'-B BBB83E乃 62s/B冫 ε 0θ ,,z-2诩 × +21zeoaE O3'-1【1∞ 57-026丝 — 022∞ 8(M6∞ 81佗 o2-0179Oeε礻421∞ θ 0BX? -849060ε 吕 11烀 ‘-,2i。 ● +70Te20E0B× z1E10炉 -20弘 1eθ E Os X。 +12胡 01E07X? 6E10X’ -2e蟛 5X备 +、 41昭 2E07X? iE1o炉 ‘ 30E⒑ 5× +10a1ooε o7X? -17Bz0? ,E10Ⅸ f zzs? lE⒑ 5X‘ +5两 1ze∈ oB x? ~θ 7田 ∞ ε 11 胂 125ε E95X‘:lm刊 in8△ 1泅^Max Dlˉ1,,5mmdft mss-roTABLE Equ.rlonstor Table Dbranc. Hardnoss 17 4 Dlvldlng Factors BoronSteels. tor in.V D甘 an∞(%诲 in)田铲To25 |ncl 0ver25 To2g nd 0。 er29 To θ 5 inol 0Vθ r35 T4 n o4 d 0ver44 To4θ 0Ver49 To52 丨 0Vε r52 To s6 inc| 0Ver56 To58 incl 0Vε r58 ^o| |nc|DFˉ DFˉ 2636s。 100 l -63θ BzsC X+645141 XF-82⒕ o46X谷 +ε 085∞ 》 -O BO1282X阝 阝DFˉ DFˉ DFˉ DFˉ 0Fˉ DFˉ DFˉ DFˉ DFˉ DFˉ DFˉ DFˉDFˉ DFˉ11 111ε 0-2θ i00 28606ii -467泖 i00 0∞ 100 CO3B● 100 6θ 45θ 8+0⒚ i Oo 2613θ 1Co380g3θ 100185X钅~100鲳1 X。 +232282X?-0212θ67X卢0X+θ1 900θ 1 Xa~iO9126f,X‘∮ i8∞zO X? -012747X’4X+iθ珀20X官-552i32X令+078088冫阝 -oo4θ冫 478XFtX-367571 XF+1zl752X吝-C31024X°+X厦θ B10X-816067XP+1∞727X‘~0222B。,X4+o01θ3182X‘冫+46θ07仓 X-4冫1553Ⅸ卩 +i sBo3i X‘-022e44X4+00121θX‘+8847XP+ i 2gO6X令-C1⒎730X‘+oC 93812I X;10To6i 丨 0VI,r61nC}DFˉ DFˉ DFˉ DFˉDFˉ DFˉ1176138-⒔ 100 10θ θ 1015θ04X+257305Ⅸ′ -042384X。+00B679X4-X’12To66 ino} 0ˇ θ r6604X+172900Ⅸ`-0241ε7X° +0017⒗θ X? -000054般X‘14To69 inc} 0ve`6θCX′ i Oo-05θ4BO X仓+0∞68θ 26X°-00022iO15X?16 1B 20 24 2B V wheretX ˉ D 唇 i ice 丨 n nn$-00001α ]42X。 DFˉ θ 4θ +X。 06X+1θ 3841Ⅸ ′-022367X° DFˉ i12θ53;-44624仓 X+041288Ⅸ P+009oθ 7X‘ -o020345X‘ +00OlO9529X‘ DF△ θ X’+04g4C3X卩 -oC5B7857X° +X’ 5∞ OX-1 6135ε D阝 ˉ 12B738-4‘ 06θ 0X+02θ 009冫`+Oi22θ 9X$-00232δ X‘+000117X‘Dfˉ DFˉ C45946X+C97∞ 43θ 562θ -● s3● C XP-125184X° R XF-229821X° +oi1543X? +0211θ -0004θ 6X4-000怊 扣 1 X‘ 5122X’23{[p mss-roTABLE18 Equ.rlon Table Dl5tance lor 5 Hardness Dlvldlng Factors BoronSt!.|!, mm lorVⅡ D‘ bnoe(mm)80 Io660 i∞u:A l t Vθr∞ o DFˉ DF~1∞ DF? DFˉ OF~i7θ DFˉ ;00 门 C78″ i∞ 75θ -0θ 115X:-23∞ 够 +01θ 2θ⒉ X¨ 氵 昭 91+α 8ε 。 。 e52X-oom0OsB'+6712∞DiⅥ dng% o` EO4X.’ -6461“ Eo6X? +24C1贸 ∈&⒙ 炉50To″5 incl ovθ r77500^负 ^。ˉ 仓 Xz+1 5甾18EαX$-13民搦 E匆 ⒗ X° +49711EOθX‘70To97’, }ncl r 75 0ˇ θ θg3EO4Ⅸ卩 +134εθ 5EO6X‘-3iO646EO9X‘θoTo1θo o |nC| 0Vε r1300 DFˉDFˉ DF?iBX+0oo76/0,Ⅸ 100 116875-OB670⒛ {00100eBO-o274123X+CO02鸵`-Ⅸ卩 +245i⒛EO7X‘-3冫 8588E10X●110To1450.|no|X● 0004θ 4θ41 X° -θ 2∞ 02E05X谷{1∞⒕ 62EO冫X● -l i53⒚ 3E亻 0X’C,● r1450 ε130 To1600 |ncl DF?DFˉ″1 X°-131351E⒑5Xp i1留⒚2gE0θ×°+2θ13εεE11 X‘ˇθ 〈 r1∞ 150 To1575 nd 0F? C为留 1575 ⒛ o To1675,1nd 0Fˉ Cy。 er 350 400 450 500 Whe馆Xˉ0DFˉl Oo 1o27o-02BBzsz X+OC29⒛ θ1Xz-6照 月 11EO6F-1o⒛ lEoθ e? X彳 +o趁 δ E11r 叨0Fˉ100 12oo1θ -o28⑻ 0X400^^。 1eθ B r-1⒁ 98EO5X‘ +5zC608EO8X? -72θ 留 3E11X‘0F~1oo -026⒎ -X5 1275θ ⒛ 1 X+00∞ 4027ε '— i oo79θ E O5X‘ +i汔 914E08X? ‘ -44刀 114394-Oi7s /X{641氵 i2E04Xz+X’ 7oE Oθ × 4θ 2006iE11 X卢 -O09∞ -BO7801EO8X° 10000θ P+148θ 2oE O5X° 560× -⒗ 216θ 7EO4Ⅸ +i43szl E10X自 21狁 87-0’ 077冫 9炉 -X‘ +1⒗ 4ε50ε 07X4-2394ε 9E10X5 ‘+6⒛ -θ 0’s43E10X自 4θ s 8-147∝ BX+002i8008Xz-1钾 41E04× 6εE O7X? -166θ 470Bl5-1。 ,6。Q0XX° 。 70EO4X谷 {62i257EO冫 X4-g2能 14E10X‘0Fˉ 0F? 0Fˉ 0F? oF? 0Fˉ:Db h mⅢ metes24,$p azssroAPPENDIXandatory Informatlt,n)(NOn血Xl sPECIMENs FOR sPECIAL APP△ TABLE X1 11CATI0Ns 0rifiCe sizes for test ng$maⅡD stance〖 mm F`ee H由lt● ae (m m) CVnn omxl.lScopeˉ $iz仓 $poCim仓nsXl.l.l The end quenchorJominy hardenability may be tesl J p f l i e d u i L h . o n e . n o d i f i c do n u h e n r h c r e . r . p L L i n e n . i alailxble ,re smallerin siz than thoseslrownin Figs. 2 aDd3 of when shallowhardeningsteelis to be lested. Xl.2 SubsizSpecimeff X1.2.1 Dinensi.rl! olSpecihtctls and Qucnchhs Firtutr!FordeLennining ha.deDability thc ofsteelreceived in bds less than 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) in diameter.lhe !es! specinen nay be 0.75. 0.50, or 0.25 in. (19.0, 12.7.or 6.,1nm) in dixmererby 3 . 0o f 4 . 0 i n . ( 7 6 . 2o r 1 0 . 1 . 6 m ) i n l e n g t hF i g .X l . l , j n w h i c h m . a 0.25 in. (6.:l-mm) slecimen is shown in posirion.shows a suihble supportfor Lhesmallcr sizc slecnlens. Tlresesmaller specjmens shall be testedin accordance witb 5 of the method exceptlhat modilicatjons requiredin the waler streams are for queDching. The orifice size and distance the specrmen of r.om tbe orifice for testjnglhesesmallerspecnnens shallcontbm to $e following requirements spcifiedin Tlble Xl L X1.2.2 Carr.ldtioh t,nh End Qu.nch Stah.la Sp&ctrerr-Due to lhe grealer air-cooling eilecl on lest specimensIess lhan 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) in diamercr, aDd especiallyin specnnens smaller thd 0.75 in. (19.0 mn, in diameter, the cooling rates al lrrious dislances from $e queDched end will not be the srme as in the standdd 1.0 in. round specimen. Harderability curves oblainedfrom lests on these smaller specimeDs therefore are not comparablewith curves obtained tiom tesls on the slandard 1.0in. round specimens. rhe standard If hardenabllity curve is needed. lhen the insen tesL specimen shown in Fig. Xl.2 shtll be uscd dd testedas described X|.4. ir℃ 珲 叩柙c? 帛 淌Ⅱ n0rI Ce toQeoe Edo V unhd n f ● se mnn po eεht of(m m)o75〈 190) 050(127) o25(64)o0 5“ 2 乃 025(64) o125(32)o50(127) o375(95) o25(δ 4)25(635) 40(102) 80(203)(s 3m.|)FlG.X1.2DrilledBd Specimen SteelAvailable tor Onlyin SmallSizesXl.3 Shallow-Hardening Steels X1.3.1 The 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) diamcrersrandrrd hardenability specnnen may be used to detemine the hddeDability of shrLlow-hffdening sreels, ofier than the carbon tool steels.by a modification in tbe hddDess survcy. The procedure in p . e p r r i n e. h e . | e c j m e n f r i o r r o h a r d n e . . m e , . u r e n e n r . i ' described SecLioDs 5. and 6 An anyil proyiding a rneans in 4. the of very accu.atelymeasuring distanceffom the quenched vahes areobtained rrom %6io 76 in. (1.6 X1.3.2 Hardness to 12.7mm) from the qucDchcd in nnervalsof %: in. (0.8 end valuesareobtainedatIol6.r76 mn). Beyond%6 in., hardness 1146,ntl t6/6 in. (15.9. 19.1, 22.2 ar,.l 25.4 mm) from the quencbed to end, end. For readings 316in. fronr the quenched xvo bardness raverses are made. both wirh readings /6 in. apdt: oDe slarting al /,d in. and being conpleled at %6 in. from LhequcDched cnd, and the orher surting al 7r in. (2.4 m m ) a D db e i n g c o m p l e t e d t r 5 / I n r . ( 1 1 . 9 m m ) f r o m t h e a X1.3.3 ODI) lwo 0fls 180' apart need be ground if fte nrechanical nxtDrehas a Eooved bed that will rccommodate rhe iDdentarions oflhe flat suneyed nrsl The secondhardness r.alebe is nldc afrer ruming Lhebar o!e. lf the lixture does not have such a grooved bed, two paiN of flats should be ground. lhe flats of each tair being 180& apart. The two hirdDesssurveysare nade on adjacenlli1s. X1.3.,+For plotting test fesults, the stddr.d fom for plolting hardenabilily curves(Fig.4) shouldbe used.Dislances for the odd number %r in. (0.8 mn, shouldbc nc$uljd wirh￠2 s u珈19官0rifikˉ。thi●.;∶Γn str宫酾FIG. X1.1 Support for Smaller-Si2e Specimens, Showing 0.25-in. {6.4-mm)Specimen in Positionazss-ro dfipX1.4 SubsizeSpecirnenas Insert in Sbnda.d EndQuench Test Xl..4.l A specimenavailableonly in a small size may be preparedas an insert in an axially drilled standardsize tesr which servesas a sheath(Fig. X1.2). Aboul 0.2 g of Woods metal4 shall be placed in the bottom of ihe test sheath (Fig. Xl.2). The small test specimen inserted tbe sheath, in and the‘ Thc ε o∞ p° ‘ i1:° nofW,ds metil`50%b`mu1h25% e配 1h mel刂 ng P,o1i`200F(93? C) a^025%0n 食 ndsheath warmed1oa lemperalure abovethe melting point ofthe Woodsmeul. After the Woodsmetal is nohen, screwthe stud in place so lhat the specimen is lorced nrmly against the bonom of the hole. Then heat the assemblyand quench in accordaDce with 6.2 and 6.3. The sheathshall preferablybe made from a plain low-carbon steel. After ihe quench, w:m !1e assenbly in boiling water to melt the Woods metal and removethe specimen. ThenmakeRockwell hardness measurementson the C scaleon the specimen Fescribed in 6.3. asREFERENCEs(1) Crcssnan, M. A., ltadehabilitt Ctlulatetl.fron Chenical Cary)o, ririo,, .AIME Tnnsactions, Vol \50, 1942,pp 221J59 (2)Beerji,S. K., andMonal,J.E., AoD, j&.9e,l, AIME, Wadentown. Pa, 1980.pp. 106-126. (3)Sieben, A.. Doane, V, andBreen, H., TheHanlenabili!!ol C. D. D. p. sreels, AsM, Merah Pdh, oH, 1911, 64 fr. (4)hsr,E., Nev Fomulnsfar Ca|ulatingHurlenabiLitr Curaes, Meds pp. Prcgrcs, Novenber . (5) Dode. D, V. andKirkaldy,L S.,els., Hoftlenabili\ Conceps||ith Applicatids to St el,'fteMcr^llurgical Seiely of AIME, Watrendale, PA, t9?8.Φ )Hewitt、V 刀切磁Ⅱ口加 ″A J治尸 饣 d沁 `b″Fr m rl″雨 诩 jC ,.,,Ⅱ`V″ He。 (DT缸]98⒋t T ea[ment of Met。ls,Vol8 I981 pP 33-38 0沼 ″h汨 V″'bj″ ~乙衽ct山 lurgica!T,ansac刂taεha J M and Eldls C△k'泛 `刀8slCC沁 pp II73_u83 枷 g刀 ˇ b115A No 6 小J? 掖 ′ ″ 〃 汤 s汩 'ons JuneCc'犭(BlJllczak C F Ilc'nnⅡhr0。″夕犭 JJ9Ⅱo,IC诩P钙冫V″MelalProgres‘ 、o] lOo No 3 sePten bcr 1971 p 600)K用 咖 c△ I R sicgd,s” ”|`j⒐ and Bro ks,J” 助 c匆 汴 J%`珈 e饧 l I。 ″汹 ^o刀 ρ '〃 4'0Vn岔 A1ME T a saCu? ns l/oˉ犰 e姊 c行 ″ s。 仞ej 碰 (10l Crafls W 迎 d kmont Υ AINIE Tl狈 s∝tions ˇb1 158, ]944,p ]62狂 历Ⅱ 〃 ”ASTM lnEnatianal tak6 N p6ition Bpeclitv the vahdiryat any patent nghts asseded in annedian with any iten nentianed in this standatd. 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