英语常见句子 请问以下句子形式可以不可以

2015考研英语:主语从句中形式主语的翻译技巧
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2015考研英语:主语从句中形式主语的翻译技巧,更多2015考研备考资料、考研经验等信息,请关注考试吧考研网或搜索公众微信号“考研”。
  对于翻译题目,一般同学都会采取放弃态度,但是需要知道,实现英语成绩的逆袭,大家应该至少从暑期开始锤炼翻译能力,虽说翻译句式结构较为复杂,需要扎实的语法基础,但是一些必要技巧也是可以帮助你出色完成翻译,今天跨考教育英语教研室孟巍巍老师就谈谈主语的翻译。
  即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子,引导主语从句的连词主要有:
  从属代词:that whether
  连接代词:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever
  连接副词:when where how why
  它们的特点是:1、疑问词有本身的词义;2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分;3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序。
  形式主语的翻译是主语部分翻译常考点。我们可以分成两类:it形式主语+主语从句的翻译技巧和it形式主语+不定式翻译技巧。要使译文准确、流畅,需要掌握主语从句、不定式作真正主语的不同处理办法。
  1、 it形式主语+主语从句的翻译技巧
  1)例2009年46题:It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience…
  这里主句的谓语是被动语态,一般转译为主动语态。根据具体语境,补充出主语“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等,主语从句译作宾语
  译文:我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生经验方面的作用…...
  以下这些结构我们也可以使用这个技巧:it is asserted that…有人主张;it is believed that…有人认为;it is generally considered that…大家普遍认为;it is well known that 众所周知等
  2)2005年真题It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history.
  主语从句较长时,译文以从句内容开始,将主句译文置于从句译文之后,并在主句译文之前加“这”以照应从句内容。
  译文:谈论大众媒体在欧洲历史上具有无比重要意义的阶段中所起的作用,这并非易事。
  2、it形式主语+不定式翻译技巧
  1) 按语序顺序译成无主语的句子。
  2012年47题Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that…这里,达尔文学似乎做出了证明,因为如果人类有共同的起源,那么似乎有理由认为…
  2005年50题in dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say…在应付如此规模的挑战时,可以毫不夸张地说……
  2) 顺译之后,再根据不定式中的动词,补充出不定式的逻辑主语,作为汉语句子的主语。
  2009年48题 it is easy to ignore the effect of our acts upon their disposition. 我们很容易忽略自己的行为对他们的性情产生的影响。(此处我们是ignore 的逻辑主语,补出来更地道)
  3)调整语序,将实际主语恢复到主语位置进行翻译。
  如:it was pretty hard to bring up the child on his own.恢复正常句式:to bring up the child on his own was pretty hard.独自一人养大孩子十分不易。
  总结来看,分成这么几种情况,就是为了使我们的译文更符合中文习惯,所以宏观上来说以下三步骤能够做好翻译。第一步,以成分为单位,将英语传达的含义用合适的汉语表达出来,第二步:将各成分的译文按中文的语序组合起来;第三布,对译文进行核对和润色:删除重复表述,补上原译中遗漏的内容,改正其中的错误或不正确之处。
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Copyright & 2004- 网 All Rights Reserved 中国科学院研究生院权威支持(北京) 电 话:010- 传 真:010-英语语法中常见的10个句子错误英语语法中常见的10个句子错误教育雅阳百家号我们在写英语句子的时候,常常会犯一些相同的错误。下面这十个错误后面,都附有正确答案,以及详细的解说。Incomplete Sentence - Sentence Fragment句子不完整——残缺句One common mistake many students make is the use of incomplete sentences.Each sentence in English must contain at least a subject and a verb, and should be an independent clause.Examples of incomplete sentences without a subject or a verb might include an instruction or a prepositional phrase.许多学生都会犯一个常见的错误,就是写出来的句子不完整。英语中,每个句子都必须至少有一个主语,一个动词,并单独成句。没有主语或动词的残缺句子可能就只有表示指令的句子或者介词短语了。For example:例如:Through the door.穿过大门。In the other room.在另一个房间。Over there.在那里。These are phrases we may use in spoken English, but that should not be used in written English as they are incomplete.在英语口语中,你可能会用到这些短语,但是因为它们毕竟不是完整的英语句子,所以在书面语言中,我们一般不会使用。Sentence fragments caused by dependent clauses used without an independent clause are more common. Remember that subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses. In other words, if you use a subordinating clause beginning with a word such as 'because, though, if, etc.' there must be an independent clause to complete the thought. This mistake is often made on tests asking a question with 'Why'.由于缺乏独立分句的从属子句导致的句子残缺很常见。记住,从属连词引出了从属子句。也就是说,如果你用一些词语来引出从句,例如because,though,if等等,就必须要有一个独立分句来使句子完整。我们在考试中,使用why来提出问题时,经常会犯这样的错误。For example, the sentences:例如,下面这个句子:Because Tom is the boss.因为汤姆就是老板。Since he left work early without permission. 自从他不经允许就早退。We might answer the question: "Why did he lose his job?" However, these are sentence fragments. The correct answer would be:我们可能会问:“他为什么丢掉工作?”但是,这些句子都是不完整的。正确用法应该是:He lost his job because Tom is the boss.因为汤姆就是老板,所以他丢掉了工作。He lost his job since he left work early without permission.他因为不经允许就早退而丢掉了工作。Other examples of incomplete sentences introduced by subordinating clauses include:其他关于从属子句的残缺句还包括下面内容:Even though he needs help.虽然他需要帮助If they study enough.如果他们好好学习As they had invested in the company.因为他们投资了这家公司Run-on Sentences句子不连贯Run-on sentences are sentences that:不连贯句子指的是:1) are not connected by appropriate linking language such as conjunctions缺乏合适的连接词,例如连词。2) use too many clauses rather than using periods and linking language such as conjunctive adverbs使用过多的从句,而非句号和连接语,例如连接副词The first type leaves out a word - usually a conjunction - that is required to connect a dependent and independent clause. For example:第一种是漏掉了一个词——通常是连接词——用于连接非独立子句和独立子句。The students did well on the test they didn't study very much.学生们考得很好他们没有下多少功夫。Anna needs a new car she spent the weekend visiting car dealerships.安娜想买辆新车她整个周末都在约见代理商。The first sentence should use either a conjunction 'but', or 'yet' or a subordinating conjunction 'although, even though, or though' to connect the sentence. In the second sentence, the conjunction 'so' or the subordinating conjunction 'since, as, or because' would connect the two clauses.第一句话要么应该加上一个连词but,要么加上yet,或者一个从属连词although, even though或though来连接前后两句。The students did well, yet they didn't study very much.学生们考得很好,但他们并没有下多少功夫。Anna spent the weekend visiting car dealerships since she needs a new car. 因为想买辆新车,安娜整个周末都在约见代理商。Another common run on sentence occurs when using too many clauses. This often occurs using the word 'and'.另一种句子不连贯发生在使用太多从句的时候。常常是由于and一词导致。We went to the store and bought some fruit, and we went to the mall to get some clothes, and we had lunch at McDonald's, and we visited some friends.我们去商店买了一些水果,去购物商城买了一些衣服,在麦当劳吃的午饭,又见了一些朋友。The continuous chain of clauses using 'and' should be avoided. In general, do not write sentences that contain more than three clauses to ensure that your sentences do not become run-on sentences.我们应该避免使用and来连接一大串的从句。一般来说,从句不要超过三个,以确保句子的连贯性。Duplicate Subjects两个主语Sometimes students use a pronoun as a duplicate subject.有时候,学生们会将代词作为第二个主语。Remember that each clause takes only one sentence. If you have mentioned the subject of a sentence by name, there is no need to repeat with a pronoun.记住,每个从句只需要一句话。如果之前你已经提到主语的名字,就不需要再用代词重复了。Example 1:例一:Tom lives in Los Angeles.汤姆住在洛杉矶。NOT而不是Tom, he lives in Lost Angeles.汤姆,他住在旧金山。Example 2:例二:The students come from Vietnam.学生们来自越南。NOT而不是The students they come from Vietnam.学生们他们来自越南。Incorrect Tense时态错误Tense usage is a common mistake in student writing. Make sure that the tense used corresponds to the situation. In other words, if you are speaking about something that happened in the past do not use include a tense that refers to the present. For example:时态错误在学生写作中很常见。你要确保时态与事情发生的情况一致。也就是说,如果你要表达的是发生在过去的事,就不要使用现在时态。例如:They fly to visit their parents in Toronto last week.上周他们坐飞机去看望父母。Alex bought a new car and drives it to her home in Los Angeles.亚历克斯买了一辆新车,并把它开进了洛杉矶的家。Incorrect Verb Form动词形式错误Another common mistake is the use of an incorrect verb form when combining with another verb. Certain verbs in English take the infinitive and others take the gerund (ing form).另一个常见的错误就是在与其他动词连用时,动词形式的错误。英语中的动词既有不定式形式,又有动名词形式。It's important to learn these verb combinations. Also, when using the verb as a noun, use the gerund form of the verb.学习这些动词的连用很重要。当动词作为名词使用时,就要使用动名词形式。He hopes finding a new job. / Correct -& He hopes to find a new job.他想找一个新工作。Peter avoided to invest in the project. / Correct -& Peter avoided investing in the project.皮特没有在这个项目上投资。Parallel Verb Form动词复数形式A related issue is the use of parallel verb forms when using a list of verbs. If you are writing in the present continuous tense, use the 'ing' form in your list. If you are using the present perfect, use the past participle, etc.在使用多个动词时,有一个问题就是动词复数形式的使用。如果你是在用现在进行时进行写作,就应该使用动词ing形式。如果你使用的是现在完成时,就应该使用过去分词形式。She enjoys watching TV, play tennis, and cook. / Correct -& She enjoys watching TV, playing tennis, and cooking.她喜欢看电视,打网球和烹饪。I've lived in Italy, working in Germany and study in New York. / Correct -& I've lived in Italy, worked in Germany, and studied in New York.我住在意大利,在德国工作,在纽约读书。Use of Time Clauses时间从句的使用Time clauses are introduced by the time words 'when', 'before', 'after' and so on. When speaking about the present or future use the present simple tense in time clauses. If using a past tense, we usually use the past simple in a time clause.时间从句由时间词语引导,例如when,before,after等等。当我们表达现在或将来的事时,可以使用一般现在时的时间从句。如果使用过去时态,通常会使用过去时的时间从句。We'll visit you when we will come next week. / Correct -& We'll visit you when we come next week.下周我们会来看你。She cooked dinner after he was arriving. / Correct -& She cooked dinner after he arrived. 他到了之后,她才开始煮饭。Subject - Verb Agreement主谓一致Another common mistake is to use incorrect subject - verb agreement. The most common of these mistakes is the missing 's' in the present simple tense. However, there are other types of mistakes. Always look for these mistakes in the helping verb.另一个常见的错误就是主谓不一致。最常见的就是一般现在时中漏掉了-s。但是,还有其他类型的错误。这些错误常发生在助动词的使用上。Tom play guitar in a band. / Correct -& Tom plays guitar in a band.汤姆在乐队里是弹吉他的。They was sleeping when she telephoned. / Correct -& They were sleeping when she telephoned. 他打电话过来时,他们都睡着了。Pronoun Agreement代词一致Pronoun agreement mistakes take place when using a pronoun to replace a proper noun. Often this mistake is a mistake of use of a singular form rather than a plural or vice versa. However, pronoun agreement mistakes can occur in object or possessive pronouns, as well as in subject pronouns.代词不一致发生在用代词来替代专有名词的情况下。通常是使用了单复数形式的错误使用。但是,代词不一致也会发生在宾语或物主代词,和主格代名词上。Tom works at a company in Hamburg. He loves his job. / Correct -& Tom works at a company in Hamburg. He loves his job.汤姆在汉堡一家公司工作。他热爱这份工作。Andrea and Peter studied Russian at school. He thought they were very difficult.Correct -& Andrea and Peter studied Russian at school. They thought it was very difficult. (正确)安德里亚和皮特在学校里学习了俄语。他们觉得俄语很难。Missing Commas After Linking Language连接语言后漏掉了逗号When using an introductory phrase as linking language such as a conjunctive adverb or sequencing word, use a comma after the phrase to continue the sentence.当我们使用介绍性短语,例如连接副词或表示顺序的词语,通常会在短语后面打上逗号来连接下文。本文由百家号作者上传并发布,百家号仅提供信息发布平台。文章仅代表作者个人观点,不代表百度立场。未经作者许可,不得转载。教育雅阳百家号最近更新:简介:教育是我们最大的事业作者最新文章相关文章扫二维码下载作业帮
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.730(1)一个简单的英语句子问题,there is something else that is making you sad,isn't there?请问这是什么从句,THAT做了从句的主语吗?此句可不可以改为以下两种形式:1.there is something else making you sad,isn't there?2.there is something else to make you sad,isn't there?为什么?1.2句到底有什么区别?
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是定语从句,that 确实做了从句的主语可以改成下面的第一种形式1 中making you sad 做something else 的补语 ,表示正在让你悲伤,和原句中的定语从句的功能相同.而2 中的to make you sad 是指会让你悲伤,将要让你悲伤,为了让你悲伤的意思.
为您推荐:
其他类似问题
这是定语从句啊,something anything 等做先行词时,关系词用that
扫描下载二维码将下列句子译成英语. 1.你能告诉我他的地址吗? 2.对不起.我能不能向你打听点事? 3.她可能来.但我想他不会来. 4.你可以借这本书两周. 5.这不可能是真的. 6.老师在讲课时.你们不许吵闹. 7.我们明天必须六点钟起床. 8.你明天非得那么早到那儿吗? 9.“你明天能和我们一起去看戏吗? “恐怕不能.我不得 题目和参考答案——精英家教网——
暑假天气热?在家里学北京名师课程,
& 题目详情
将下列句子译成英语.
1.你能告诉我他的地址吗?
________________________________
2.对不起,我能不能向你打听点事?
________________________________
3.她可能来,但我想他不会来.
________________________________
4.你可以借这本书两周.
________________________________
5.这不可能是真的.
________________________________
6.老师在讲课时,你们不许吵闹.
________________________________
7.我们明天必须六点钟起床.
________________________________
8.你明天非得那么早到那儿吗?
________________________________
9.“你明天能和我们一起去看戏吗?”“恐怕不能.我不得不做作业.”
________________________________
10.你的孩子们现在一定在那儿等你吧.
________________________________
答案:解析:
  1.Can you tell me his address?(can表示“请求”)
  2.Excuse me, can you give me some information?(can表示“请求”)
  3.She may come, but I don't think he will.(may表示“可能性”)
  4.You may(can) keep this book for two weeks.(can,may表示“许可”)
  5.It can't be true.(can't表不“可能性”)
  6.You mustn't make any noise while the teacher is teaching.(mustn't表示“不许可”)
  7.We must get up at six tomorrow.(must表示“必须”)
  8.Do you have to get there so early tomorrow?(have to表示“不得不”)
  9.“Can you come to the theatre with us tomorrow?” “No, I'm afraid I can't. I have to do my homework.”(can表示“请求”)
  10.Your children must be waiting for you there now.(must表示“猜测”)
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来源:2012年初中毕业升学考试(江苏苏州卷)英语(解析版)
题型:翻译
将下列句子译成英语。1.你爸爸穿红白相间的T恤衫,看上去真酷。2.我有时怀疑这本书是否值得一读。3.在苏州空气污染要比中国其他城市少。4.许多车祸都因开车不小心造成。5.要是把她和他的家庭作业比较一下,你就会发现她的耍好得多。&
科目:初中英语
来源:2016届江苏省苏州市相城区七年级上学期期中考试英语试卷(解析版)
题型:翻译
将下列句子译成英语,并将所译句子写在答题卡上标有题号的横线上。1.星期六和星期天我妈妈不上班。2.你经常和你的朋友们一起上学吗?3.课桌底下的那个篮球是我的。4.我们英语老师擅长讲有趣的故事。5.他们现在正在教室里听音乐呢。&
科目:初中英语
将下列句子译成英语。(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)【小题1】 和我一起放风筝怎么样? 【小题2】 我妈妈不在,我不得不自己做饭。 【小题3】 我担心我没时间和你一起吃晚餐。【小题4】在英语方面, 阅读和听力相比较我更擅长阅读。&【小题5】昨天谢霆锋的出现让很多人疯狂。
科目:初中英语
来源:学年江苏省苏州市高新区九年级上学期期中测试英语试卷(解析版)
题型:翻译
&将下列句子译成英语,并将所译句子写在答题卡标有题号的横线上。1.把小孩单独留在家里是很危险的。&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&2.那个舞蹈演员一直担心会发胖。&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&3.说谎会使情况更糟糕。&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&4.当我们学习遇到困难时,吴老师总是愿意帮助我们。&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&5.我认为青少年不应该被允许在外面待到很晚。&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&
科目:初中英语
来源:学年度江苏省苏州吴江市青云中学初三上学期期中考试英语卷
题型:翻译
句子翻译 (共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)将下列句子译成英语。【小题1】他宁可被嘲笑,也不肯说一句话。______________________________________________________________________【小题2】家庭作业应该按时交。______________________________________________________________________【小题3】吴老师有足够的耐心花很多的时间向他解释一切。______________________________________________________________________【小题4】穿红色的衣服能使你采取行动没困难。______________________________________________________________________【小题5】这场足球赛将于明天9:30在电视上现场直播。___________________________________________________________________
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请输入手机号英语句型_表达否定的常见翻译方式_沪江英语
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这篇我们继续探讨不用否定词表否定的方法(即形式上肯定,意义上否定),例句来源于网络,童鞋们也可以自己造,印象更深刻。
① but for+名词和but that+从句,译为“要不是,如果没有”
But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey.要不是下雨,我们会有一次愉快的旅行。(记得要用虚拟语气~)
But for your help, I should have failed./ But that you help me, I should have failed.要不是你帮助,我就会失败。
②Anything but
Anything 等复合代词或复合副词加but,通常表否定之意。
I will be anything but quiet on Saturday night!星期六的晚上我根本静不下心来!
from和of类
①far from 远非,非但
Far from being relaxed, we both felt so uncomfortable we hardly spoke.我们两人非但没有放松,反而都感觉很不自在,几乎没有说话。
②so far from 非但不…反而
So far from admitting his own mistake, he falsely accused his critic.他非但不认错, 还倒打一耙。
③so far be it from me 我决不愿…
Far be it from me to betray a friendship I hold so sacred.我决不愿欺骗我认为神圣的友谊。
④instead of
Instead of complaining about what's wrong, be grateful for what's right.别抱怨不好的事,要对好的事心存感恩。
⑤free from 没有…的,不受…影响的
He is free from prejudice to everybody.他对所有的人都不带有任何成见。
一些介词表抽象概念时,也可译为否定。
①Above,表能力品质超出某种范围
②Below /beneath:与…不相称,不值得
③Beyond:表示不可能;为…所不及
④Under:未达到,未满足
⑤Within:不超过,不出
He's above suspicion (= He is completely trusted).他无可置疑。
He considers such jobs beneath him.他觉得这种工作有失他的身份。(即”和他的身份不相称”)
The situation is beyond our control.我们已无法控制这一局面。
Nobody under 18 is allowed to buy alcohol.未满18岁者不得买酒。
A house within a mile of the station.离车站不到一英里的一所房子。
the last 最不…的
He would be the last person who would do such a thing.他最不可能干这种事情。
以上我们总结了一些形式上肯定但意思上否定的表达,但英语中还有一类词,虽然形式上是否定的,在意义上却是肯定的,比如以下句子:
We cannot too strongly urge upon you the importance of this matter.对此事,我们无论怎样向你强调其重要性都不会过分。
(cannot …too/can never…too/can hardly…too通常译为“再…也不为过”) :这一结构的实质是:过分否定,导致肯定。因而此结构中的can’t可改用impossible,not可采用其变体never、hardly等,因此上句也可改写为:We are impossible too strongly urge upon you the importance of this matter.
I can never thank you enough for your generosity.对您的慷慨大度我永远感谢不尽。
(can never do enugh也有“在…也不为过”的意思)
can’t help doing 表示“禁不住做某事”时,也可看作是“形否意肯”。
I can't help feeling sorry for the poor man.我不禁为这个可怜的男人感到难过。
此外,还有can’t help but… 意为“必须,只好”。
When our country calls us for help, we can't help but go.当祖国需要我们时, 我们必须尽力。
“ no/none/nothing + but/like”意为“只有”、“只”、“不过”等。“ nothing short of有“简直可以说”的意思。
The results are nothing short of magnificent.结果非常不错。
All that money brought nothing but sadness and misery and tragedy.那笔钱带来的只有伤心、痛苦和悲剧。
There is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise.锻炼身体的最好办法是慢跑。
None but God will ever know what I suffered.只有上帝知道我受过什么苦。
no+adj./adv.的比较级+than表示“两个都不”(详见“形容词”部分)
否定词或暗含否定的词+until/till表“直到…才”
Britain did not introduce compulsory primary education until 1880.直到1880年,英国才开始实行初等义务教育。
no sooner than/hardly/scarcely?when/before表示“一…就”
No sooner had I heard the knock than I opened the door.当我听到敲门声,我马上就开门了。
Hardly had we started when it began to rain.我们刚出发,就开始下雨了。
We had hardly started before [ when ] it began to rain.我们刚出发,就开始下雨。
以上我们谈了部分否定和全部否定,双重否定和否定转移,以及一些特殊的”形肯意否”和”形否意肯”的表达,这些大概就是否定句翻译时的难点所在了,我们在翻译实践过程中,不仅要注重积累,更要注意用英语思维方式去理解英语,既要兼顾英语句子的语法功能,准确理解句子在特定语境中的内涵,也要考虑到汉语句子的结构与语序,依照汉语的表达习惯来组织行文,通过对英汉两种语言的比较与认知,来逐步提高自己的翻译水平。
4,the+形容词最高级,有时会包含让步的意义,可译为&哪怕是&&即使&如:
The shortest cut would take us 30 minutes to get there.
去那里即使是走捷径也要花30分钟...

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