相关词典网站：谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致
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&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&成人高考(专升本)英语&&&&&&&&成人高考(专升本)英语&&&&语音部分的考试要求&&&&1.要求考生从所给的四个单词的画线部分中选出一个与其他三个读音不同的选项。2.语音部分主要考核的是：元音字母在单词中的读音；辅音字母在单词中的读音；常见字母组合的读音；以及r音节的读音。&&&&&&&&复习考试大纲要求&&&&掌握下列语音规则，读音基本正确1、元音字母在重读开音节、闭音节和r音节中的读音；2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音；3、辅音字母在单词中的读音；4、常见字母组合的读音。&&&&&&&&第一节&&&&&&&&概&&&&&&&&念&&&&&&&&一、开音节以发音的元音字母结尾、以"元音字母+不发音的e"结尾、以"一个元音字母+一个辅音字母（r除外）+不发音的e"结尾的音节都叫开音节。如：no,be,note。★发音的元音字母：a,e,i,o,u二、闭音节以"一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)"结尾的音节叫闭音节。如：map,plan,west。三、r音节以"元音字母+r"构成的音节叫r音节。如：car,doctor,teacher,dirty,&&&&&&&&词汇与语法&&&&40个小题，共40分。&&&&&&&&&&&&从年的考题看，语法占20――25分。&&&&&&&&第一节&&&&&&&&名词（null）&&&&&&&&大纲要求掌握：&&&&一、可数名词与不可数名词二、可数名词的复数形式三、名词的所有格四、名词在句子中的作用&&&&&&&&一、可数名词与不可数名词&&&&名词分可数与不可数两种。可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table,country。或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如family,people,committee,police。不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air,tea,furniture,water。或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work,information,advice,happiness。有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词,在另一种场合下是不可数名词。如room房间（可数），空间（不可数）time时间（不可数），次数（可数）fish鱼（不可数），各种各样的鱼（可数）比较下列例句:Therearenineroomsinthehouse.（房间，可数名词）Thereisn'tenoughroomforusthreeinthecar.（空间，不可数名词）不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。如：一块肉apieceofmeat两条长面包twoloavesofbread三件家具threearticlesoffurniture一大笔钱alargesumofmoney&&&&&&&&二、可数名词的复数形式&&&&可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下：1．一般情况下在名词后加-s。如：girls,books。★浊辅音、元音结尾，s发[z]2．以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词在名词后加-es。如：glasses,boxes,matches,bushes。★以s,x,ch,sh结尾,es发[iz]3．"辅音字母+y"结尾的词，变y为i再加-es。如：city-cities,country-countries。4．以o结尾的词多数加-es。如：heroes,tomatoes,potatoes。&&&&&&&&&&&&radios,zoos,photos,pianos,kilos例外。5．f,fe结尾的词，多数变f，fe为v再加-es。如：thief-thieves,leaf-leaves,half-halves,life-lives,wife-wives,knife-knives。少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如：man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,mouse-mice。★可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses,Japanese,sheep,deer。&&&&&&&&三、名词的所有格&&&&名词的所有格表示所属关系，起形容词的作用。当名词表示有生命的东西时，所有格一般是在词尾加's。如：Jean'sroom,mydaughter-in-law'sfriends,mydaughters-in-law'sfriends,children'sbooks。如果名词已经有了复数词尾s,则只需加'。如：theteachers'books,myparents'car。时间名词的所有格在后面加's，复数加'。如：today'snewspaper,fiveminutes'walk。当名词表示无生命的东西时，所有格常由"of"短语构成。如：thetopoftheworld,thecoverofthebook,China'scapital。加's或'的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。如：thegrocer's,thetailor's,theSmith's。★名词所有格考试常见部分是名词表示没有生命的东西时，不能直接在其后加's。时间名词所有格在其后加's，或复数名词后直接加'。&&&&&&&&四、名词在句子中的作用&&&&名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语，有时可以作状语。名词、代词或其他结构作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。1．主语是可数名词单数时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。AllroadsleadtoRome.（条条大路通罗马。）Hisbrotherisanindustrialengineer.Thenumberofthestudentsattendingthepartyisincreasing.★thenumberof表示数量，无论后面名词是复数还是单数，谓语动词是单数形式。Two-thirdsoftheshopbelongstome.★two-thirds三分之二几分之几作主语，谓语是单数形式。belongto属于某人BothofusarestudyingEnglish.★总结：在名词作主语时，thenumberof谓语动词单数形式；几分之几，谓语单数形式；both谓语使用复数形式。2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。Allthemoneyhereceivedwasgiventohismother.&&&&&&&&&&&&Forgettingthepastmeansbetrayal.Whatwearetalkingnowisuseless.3．主语部分若有aswellas,with,togetherwith,like,but,except等短语，谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。Mary,aswellashertwosisters,isastudentofthisschool.（aswellashertwosisters作主语Mary的主语补足语，主语Mary是单数，所以谓语动词用复数形式）Nooneexceptmyfriendsknowsanythingaboutit.4．表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，如果当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。"?+(×)?=?"算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。Threetimestwoissix.Threekilometersis3,ooometres.(threekilometers作为整体来看）5．Either,neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。NeitherofushasbeentoItaly.HaseitherofthembeentoShanghai?none代表可数的人或东西时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，代表不可数的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。Noneofthestudentshave/hasseenthefilm.Noneofthemoneybelongstome.6．主语由either?or,neither?nor,notonly?butalso连接时，谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。NotonlyyoubutalsoIamwrong.NeithermyauntnorIamgoingoutthisafternoon.Eitheryouorsheistodothework.7．主语中有and，如果表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数。Thebreadandbutterisnice.8．主语前有manya,morethanone修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。Manyabookhasbeenreadbythestudents.★manyabook=manybooksMorethanonepersonhasbeentotheGreatWall.9．集合名词作主语，当作整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，当作每个独立的个体看待时，谓语动词用复数。Thecommitteemeetsonceayear.(作为整体）Thecommitteearehavingameetingnow.（作为独立个体）People,police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Thepolicehavecometoarresthim.&&&&&&&&名词部分考试重点&&&&1、可数名词与不可数名词里，哪几个词是不可数名词。2、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式，单、复数相同的名词。3、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加's,复数加'。4、名词在句中的作用，重点掌握刚才的9点。&&&&&&&&&&&&考点测试&&&&1．Tendays______longenoughforMr.Cartertofinishhisdesign.Hedoesn'tneedanymore.A.isB.hasbeenC.wasD.hadbeentendays作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。（注意时态）答案A2.Now,manypeopleusethewordMsinsteadofMissorMrs,forexample,beforethenamesof______inbusinessletters.A.womanmanagerB.womenmanagerC.womanmanagersD.womenmanagersnames是复数形式，其后的名词肯定是复数。两个名词变为复数，两个都要变。答案D3.Thenumberofstudentswhofailedthechemistryexamination_____tofifteen.A.haveincreasedB.hasincreasedC.isincreasedD.areincreasingthenumberof谓语动词用单数。答案B4.NeitherJohnnorhisfather_______abletowakeupearlyenoughtocatchthemorningtrain.A.wasB.wereC.wouldbeD.havebeenneither...nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。答案A5.Theroomiseight_______long.A.footB.footsfoot英尺，复数形式feetC.feetD.feets答案C6.Whenautumncomes,the______oftreesbegintofall.A.leafsB.leafesC.leavesD.leafleaf的复数形式leaves答案C7.Thefloodhasdone_____tothisarea.A.damagesB.manydamagesC.muchdamageD.damaging&&&&&&&&8.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher______atthemeeting.A.waspresentB.werepresentC.havebeenpresentednotonly...butalso谓语动词与相邻名词一致。present呈现，介绍&&&&&&&&D.hasbeenpresented&&&&&&&&答案A9.Oneofthethingsshewroteabout______lifeonasmallfarmatthebeginningofthecentury.A.isB.wasC.areD.wereoneof谓语用单数。答案B10.Onlyaboutoneoutoftwelveoftheyoungmenandwomenofthiscountry_____collegeeducation.A.receiveB.receivesC.havereceivedD.havebeenreceivedoneoutof谓语用单数形式。答案B11.Neverbefore______somanypeoplebeenengagedinproducinggoodsjustforthecomfortofman.A.hasB.haveC.willD.wouldneverbefore开头，句子倒装。&&&&&&&&&&&&主语somanypeople为复数。engageindoingsth.忙于做某事。答案B12.Atthebusstop_______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytoNorthCarolina.A.wereB.wasC.isD.sitsandwaits主语asoldierandtwoyoungpeople为复数答案A13.There______thelastpieceofcakeandthelastspoonfuloficecream.A.goesB.goC.goneD.wasgone主语thelastpieceofcakeandthelastspoonfuloficecream复数答案B14.Mr.Brown,andnotI,________chosentobetherepresentativeoftheclass.A.isB.amC.areD.havebeen主语Mr.Brown答案A15.Theteacher,aswellasanumberofstudents,_______toattendtheparty.A.askB.asksC.wasaskedD.wereasked谓语动词与aswellas前面的名词一致。答案C16.Thehostesstogetherwiththeguestsofhonor________comfortablyinthelivingroom.A.wasseatedB.seatedC.wereseatedD.wereseating谓语与togetherwith前的名词一致beseated就坐Pleasebeseatedladiesandgentlmen.Seattheboynexttohisbrother.答案A17.Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,_______responsiblefortheaccident.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.has主语thefather，单数beresponsiblefor对负责答案A18.EitherCarolorGrace______totheconcert,butoneofthemhastostayhome.A.iscomingB.arecomingC.willcomingD.havecomeeither...or谓语动词与临近主语一致。答案A19.Thetotalamountofmoney______100dollars.A.isB.areC.hasmoney不可数名词，谓语动词单数。20.Greatquantitiesoffish_____onhighseas.A.iscaughtB.arecaughtC.catchquantities复数形式D.have答案AD.iscatching答案B21.Eitheroftheyoungladies_____perfectlyqualifiedtoteachGreekandLatin.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveeither打头，谓语动词单数。答案A22.Havingstudiedyourreportcarefully,Iamconvincedthatneitherofyoursolutions_____correct.&&&&&&&&&&&&A.areB.isC.hadneither两者都不，谓语动词单数。&&&&&&&&D.will答案B&&&&&&&&23.Insomecountrieseachofthecitizens______todecidegovernmentpolicies.A.helpsB.helpC.arehelpedD.ishelpedeach每一个，谓语动词单数。答案A24.Thenurseadded_____tothemedcinetomaketheeaseforthechildtotake.A.somesugarB.somesugarsC.asugarD.sugarssuger不可数名词答案Atakemedcine吃药25."Ilikeyourfurnitureverymuch.""Thankyou.Webought____inBeijing."A.themostofthemB.themostofitfurniture不可数名词&&&&&&&&C.mostofthem&&&&&&&&D.mostofit答案D&&&&&&&&26.Jimwasupsetlastnightbecausehehadtodotoo______.A.manyhomeworkB.afewhomeworksC.fewhomeworkshomework不可数名词27.I'mgoingawayfora______.A.holidayofaweekB.weekholiday表示时间的名词所有格可以在其后加's。&&&&&&&&D.muchhomework答案D&&&&&&&&C.holidayweek&&&&&&&&D.week'sholiday答案D&&&&&&&&第二节&&&&&&&&冠词（1-4~2-2）&&&&&&&&大纲要求：&&&&1、不定冠词的基本用法2、定冠词的基本用法3、不加冠词的基本规则以及冠词的习惯用法冠词是一种虚词，只能附着在名词上帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分为定冠词（the）和不冠词（a或an）两类，定冠词表示特指，不定冠词表示泛指。a用于读音以辅音开头的词前面，an用于读音以元音开头的词前面。如：auniversity,ausefulbook,anumbrella,ahorse,anhonestman。&&&&&&&&一、不定冠词的基本用法&&&&1．表示"一"的含义。Givemeapenplease.Wegoshoppingtwiceaweek.&&&&&&&&&&&&2．泛指某个人或东西。YesterdaywevisitedanEnglishsecondaryschool.Shepickedupamagazineandbegantoread.3．表示一类人或东西。Heworksasalanguageteacherinthatuniversity.Asawriter,heissuccessful.Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.可数名词单数出现，泛指用不定冠词，特指用定冠词。一个可数名词的单数不能自己单独出现。&&&&&&&&二、定冠词的基本用法&&&&1．表示特定的人或东西。Givemethemagazine.Haveyoudecidedonthepricesyet?ThebookonthetableisanEnglishdictionary.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.2．复述前文提到的人或东西。Lastweek,Isawaflim.Thefilmisaboutalovestorybetweentwomiddle-agedpeople.Theoldmansawahouseinthefield.Hewentintothehouseandfoundabeautifulgirlsittingthereandsinging.3．用于形容词前面，代表一类人或东西。thepoor穷人therich富人thewounded受伤的人thesick生病的人thebeautiful美丽的事物theold老年人theyoung年青人4．用于表示世界上独一无二的东西的名词前面。themoon,thesun,theearthThemoonmovesaroudtheearth.Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.Don'tbuildcastlesintheair.&&&&&&&&5．用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的最高级前面，副词最高级前面的the可以省略。Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Thesunrisesintheeast.JapanliestotheeastofChina.BeijingliesinthenorthofChina.IrelandliesontheGreatBritain.AttheChildren'sPalace,somechildrenlearntoplaythepiano,otherslearntoplaytheviolin.Lastweekwewenttothetheatre.AmongthethreegirlsshespeaksEnglishthebest."东、南、西、北"作副词时，前面不加冠词。Wearewalkingsouth.形容词最高级前若有物主代词，就不加定冠词。&&&&&&&&&&&&Mondayismybusiestday.6．用于姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。TheLiushavemovedtoGuangzhou.TheSimthscametoChinaforvisitin1996.7．不可数名词前面通常不加定冠词，但若有限制性定语修饰，或表示特定部分、特定内容时，前面需加定冠词。Drinksomewater.Isthewaterinthewellfitfordrink?Whatdoyouthinkofthemusic?Hecan'ttaketheadvicehismothergiveshim.&&&&&&&&三、不加冠词的基本规则&&&&1．季节、月份、日期前一般不加冠词。Ifwintercomescanspringbefarbehind?WehavefewclassesonSunday.10.1isNationalDay.2．表示球类、棋类、三顿饭的名词前通常不加冠词，但乐器前需加定冠词。Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?Dinnerisready.Let'sgoandwatchthemplaychess.Myelderbrotherlikestoplayfootball.Theboysarelearnigtoplaytheguitar.playthepianoplaytheviolin3．有些固定词组中的名词前不加冠词。atnoonatnightatdawnatmidnightinthemorningintheafternoonintheeveninginthedaytimeintowninfrontof(atthebackof)atdistance(inthedistance)asawholeonthewholetocatchcoldtohaveacold&&&&&&&&冠词考试重点&&&&冠词所占比例不大，一般是1分或2分。1、什么时候加定冠词。2、可数名词单数出现，必须用a或an或定冠词修饰，不能单独出现。3、什么情况下，不用加冠词。冠词易考：1、冠词修饰名词。Pleasego_____upstairsafteryouhavefinishedthelunch.upstairs是副词，前面不需要加冠词。&&&&&&&&&&&&2、可数名词单数泛指，前面加不定冠词。an用于读音以元音开头的单词前。ReadingEnglishstorybooksisagoodwayofimprovingyourEnglish.Ihavebeenwaitingforhimforhalfanhour.3、名词特指时，前面加定冠词。HeisenjoyinghisstayinDenmark,buthassomedifficultywiththelanguage.Isthewaterfromthetapfitfordrink?4、可数名词的复数和不可数名词泛指，前面不加冠词；大部分专有名词前也不加冠词。Asweknow,themostdangerousenemiesarethosewhopretendtobefriends.Theyleftforworkaftersupper.ThefilmincludessomerecentlydiscoverednewsreelsofWorldWarII.(theSencondWorldWar)5、冠词在固定词组中的特定用法。WithoutanynewsfromTomforalongtime,hisfatherleftforShanghaitoseehim.Theywilltravelbyair.Iwillhelpyouforthesakeofyoursister.(forthesakeof因为）Iwillgotoschoolonfoot.Mymotherisinhospital.Hehasbeeninprisonfortwoyears.&&&&&&&&典型例题&&&&1.______filmincludessomerecentlydiscoverednewsreelsof_______WorldWarII.A.TtheB.A;theC.T/D.A;/WorldWarII是专有名词答案：C2.Canyouplay_____?A.pianoB.pianosC.apianoD.thepiano答案：D3."You'vebeenverybusylately.""SobusyIhaven'thadtimetocleanmyhouse.Thereis_____whereveryoulook."A.dustB.adustC.thedustD.dustsdust是不可数名词答案：A4.Thestation?Takethesecondturning_______.A.toleftthengostraightonB.ontheleft,thengostraightonC.toleft,thengorightforwardD.totheleft,thengorightforwardontheleft在左边答案：B5.Mymotherusuallyhas_____bed.A.thebreakfastB.breakfastinC.thebreakfastintheD.breakfastintheinbed躺在床上答案：Binthebed在床里面&&&&&&&&&&&&6.Hestolethemoneyandtheyputhim_________.A.atprisonB.attheprisonC.inprisoninprison进监狱&&&&&&&&D.intheprison答案：C&&&&&&&&7.EvenonSundays,fewerpeoplegoto______churchthanbefore.A.theB.aC./D.thatgotochurch去教堂gotoschool去学校gotobed上床睡觉gotocollege去大学答案：C8._________lookmuchalike.A.Smith'ssistersB.Smithsisters表示一家人，前面加theC.TwoSmithsistersD.TheSmithsisters答案D&&&&&&&&第三节&&&&&&&&代词（2-2~3-3）&&&&&&&&包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词及其用法。&&&&&&&&一、人称代词&&&&人称代词有第一、第二、第三人称和单数、复数之分，在句子中可以作主语和宾语。英语中有下列人称代词：&&&&&&&&在并列的主语或宾语中，I或me通常放在后面。如：LipingandIareinchargeofthework.Myfartherasksmysisterandmetohavedinnerwithhimtomorrow.&&&&&&&&二、物主代词&&&&物主代词有形容词型与名词型之分。形容词型物主代词在句子中作定语，名词型物主代词在句子中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语（接在of后面）。英语中有下列物主代词：&&&&&&&&&&&&名词型的物主代词相当于形容词型的物主代词加上上文出现的名词。如：Mybagisyellow,his(hisbag)isblackandtheirs(theirbags)arebrown.&&&&&&&&三、反身代词&&&&英语中有下列反身代词：&&&&&&&&反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。如：Pleasehelpyourselftosometea.(宾语)Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.(宾语)I'llbemyselfagaininnotime.(表语)Thedeskitselfisnotsoheavy.(同位语)Ifixedthedoormyself.(同位语)&&&&&&&&四、指示代词&&&&指示代词包括this,that,these,those和such,在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语等（such不作宾语）。that和those有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数，以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用theone或thatone来代替。用theone的时候更多一些。如：Thesemachinesarebetterthanthoseweturnedoutlastyear.生产Theoiloutputofthisyearismuchhigherthanthatoflastyear.产量ThebestwineisthatfromFrance.Myroomislighterthantheonenextdoor.I'lltaketheseatnexttotheonebythewindow.Thefilmismorefunnythanthatone.that可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要谈的事情。如：Theyhavenotimetoreadthebooks.That'stheirtrouble.Shewasillyesterday.That'swhyshewasabsent.Iwanttoknowthis:Howmuchmoneywehaveleft?WhatIwanttosayisthis:PronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.this和that有时还可以用来表示程度。如：Idon'twantthatmuch.Heisnotthatwise.Thebookisaboutthisthick.&&&&&&&&五.疑问代词&&&&疑问代词包括what,which,who,whom,whose,可以用来构成特殊疑问句，也可以引导名词从句。在句子中作主语或宾语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。如：Whoisspeaking?(主语)What,which,who&&&&&&&&&&&&Whichdoyouprefer,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?(宾语)What'syoursister?(表语)Themanwhoistalkingwithmymotherisanengineer.(引导定从句)Theoldmanwhosesonisstudyingabroadisourformaldeanofthedepartment.(引导定从句)ThisistheplanewhichwillflytoWuhanthisafternoon.(引导定从句)Idon'trememberwhomIhavelentmydictionaryto.(引导宾语从句)疑问代词what,which,who,whom后面可以加ever来加重语气。如：Whoevercanbecallingatthistimeofthenight?谁这么深更半夜来找人？I'llsaywhatevercomesintomyhead.Takewhicheverbookyoulike.&&&&&&&&六.不定代词&&&&不定代词包括both,either,neither,all,none,no,one,each,every,few,afew,little,alittle,many,much,some,any,other,another,以及some,any,no,every构成的合成代词。（一）both,either,neitherboth表示"两者（都）"，either表示"（两者之中）任何一个"，neither表示"（两者之中）没有一个"。三个词在句子中都可以作主语、宾语、定语，both还可以作同位语。Mysisterisgoodatplanninghertimesothatshealwayshasenoughtimeforbothworkandplay.(begoodat擅长做某事)Neitheroftheanswersisright.Eitherofthebooksbelongstoyou.YouandIarebothtoblame.Youbothagreedtostay.Both放在实意动词前，系动词be的后面。（二）all,none,no,oneall和none用于三者以上的场合，分别表示"全部都"和"一个都没有"，none往往与of连用。Allofusarefondofsports.(befondof爱好)Weareallforhim.(beforsb支持某人)Graspall,loseall.什么都抓，什么都抓不住。（谚）Noneofthemknowhowtoreadandwrite.Afriendtoallisafriendtonone.滥交者无友。（谚）Noneofusareperfect.Noneofthemhashadthatkindofexperience.no表示"没有"，在句子中只能作定语，相当于nota或notany，not否定动词，no否定名词。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.岁月不等人。（谚）Nomanisbornwise.没有人是生来聪明的。（谚）I'mnodancer.(I'mnotadancer.)one指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠词，可以有自己的定语，还可以有复数形式。Youranswerisagoodone.Idon'tlikecolouredenvelopes.Ilikewhiteones.Ihaven'tgotaraincoat.I'llhavetobuyone.（三）each,everyeach和every表示"每一个"，every在句子中只能作定语，each可以作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。Theheadmastershookhandswitheachoftheteacher.(shakehandswith握手)Thestudentstrytosetasidealittlemoneyeachmonth.(setaside节约)&&&&&&&&&&&&Fromeachaccordingtohisability,toeachaccordingtohisneeds(work).各尽所能，按需分配。Ihaveeveryreasontobelievethatshecanfinishthejobwell.Thereiseverypossibilityofourwinningthegame.every还常用在everylittlewhile(每隔一会)，everyotherday,everythreedays（每隔两天），everytenmiles(每隔十英里),everynowandthen(不时)，everyfouryears,everyotherline,oneoutofeverythreestudents.（四）few,afew,little,alittle,many,muchfew,afew,many修饰或指代可数名词，little,alittle,much修饰或指代不可数名词。few,little表示否定，afew,alittle表示肯定，much常用于否定句中。Manyhandsmakelightwork.人多好办事。（谚）Fewwordsarebest.话少最好。（谚）Theydon’ttakemuchinterestinit.Iknowlittleaboutit.There’salittlewaterleftinthejar.FewofthemhavebeentoIndia.I’vereadafewbookswrittenbyDickens.（五）other,theother,others,theothers,another泛指othertheotherotherstheothersanother√√√√√√√（表示两者当中的另外一个）√√√特指充当名词单数充当名词复数充当形容词√√&&&&&&&&Fortypeoplecametothemeeting.TwoofthemwerefromJapan,theothersfromAmerica.Manypeoplecametoattendthemeeting.SomewerefromJapan,otherswerefromAmerica.TheUnitedStates,unlikemanyothercountries,receivesalargenumberofimmigrantseveryyearfromallovertheworld.Thetwinsistersaresoalikethatwefinditdifficulttotellonefromtheother.(sothat如此以至于tellsb.from区分)Somestudentsarewateringtheflowers,othersareweedingthefields.Thetaskwillbefinishedinanotherthreedays.Fourofthemareintheclassroom.Whatabouttheothers?Pleasegivemeanotherexampletoillustrateyourpoint.Therearethreeapplesonthetable.Oneisformymother,anotherisformyfatherandthethirdisforme.&&&&&&&&七、it的用法&&&&1.指代一个人或事物。It'sonlyafifteen-minuteridetomyschool.ItoftenrainsinthesouthofChina."Who'sthat?""It'sLiming."It'searlyspring.2．作句子的形式主语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。Ittookmefiveminutestofinishreadingtheexercise.Itcostmefiveyuantobuythepen.ThecolorTVsetcostsmemorethan2,000yuan.Ispenttenhoursinfinishingthework.&&&&&&&&&&&&Ispenttwentyyuanontheshirt.Itisnousecryingnow.You'dbetterstudyhardnow.(itisnousedoingsth.)Tohissurprise,itturnedoutthatTomfailedtheentranceexamination.(toone'ssurprise使某人感到惊奇)It'sapitythatyoudidn'twatchthematch.Itisnecessaryforustohavesomeexerciseeveryday.3．作句子的形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。Theyallregardittheirdutytohelpthepoorpeople.Idon'tthinkitworthwhiletakingsomuchtrouble.(It'sworthwhiledoing.做事是值得的)WefinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwithoutpracticing.Ithinkitnousetellingthem.Idon'tthinkitveryimportantthatweshouldtakepartinthediscussion.(takepartin参加)Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.4．构成强调句型。当强调的部分是主语，并且主语是人时，句型中的that也可以换作who。强调句基本构成itisthat?Itisintheroomthatwemeteachotherforthefirsttime.Itwasnotuntil1936thatbasketballbecameapartoftheOlympicGames.(notuntil直到才)Itwastheywhoattendedthemeetinglastweek.ItisbecausethebookissousefulformyworkthatIboughtit.&&&&&&&&考试重点&&&&that和those有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数，以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用theone或thatone来代替。that可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要谈的事情。不定代词中，both放在实意动词前，系动词be的后面。every只能跟名词，each可以跟名词也可以不跟名词。every在代词部分要出现当每隔讲。few,afew,many修饰或指代可数名词，little,alittle,much修饰或指代不可数名词。few,little表示否定。onetheother，someothers，theothersit用法重点就是强调句。it作为形式宾语时不接is。代词部分的难点之一是名词型物主代词与形容词型物主代词的区别。顾名思义，形容词型物主代词起的是形容词的作用，在句子中只能作定语，名词型物主代词起的是名词的作用，代替上文出现的名词，在句子中一般作主语、宾语、表语等。Let'scleantheirroomfirstand______later.A.ourB.usC.weD.ours(答案为D，ours相当于ourroom。)代词部分的主要考核点是不定代词。如some,any,few,afew,little,alittle,many,much,one,none,all,both,either,neither,each,every,other,another,以及some,any,no,every与body,one,thing构成的合成代词。（1）泛指与特指。如：another,other,others是泛指，theother,theothers是特指。（2）肯定与否定。如：afew,alittle,either,some及其合成代词表示肯定，few,little,none,neither,any及其合成代词表示否定。（3）可数与不可数。如：few,afew,many,one修饰或指代可数名词，little,alittle,much修饰或指代不可数名词。代词部分的另一个考核点是it。it可以代替上文出现的单数事物。Thepicturewaschangedwhiledrawnfrommemoryasitpassedthroughtheclass.(it指代thepicture。)ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多长时间做某事Ittakeshalfanhourorsotowalktothebusstop.Hemadeitplainthathewasannoyedwithme.it还可以构成强调句型，即"Itis/was+被强调的部分+that?"。当强调的部分是人，并且是主语时，that可以换成who。强调句去掉itis/was与that即成为普通的句子。&&&&&&&&&&&&ItwaslastnightthatIsawyouintherestaurant.Itwasshewho/thatsuggestedthathegotoNewYorkinordertogetadirectflight.&&&&&&&&典型例题&&&&1."Howoftendoyoutakethemedicine?""______fourhours."A.ForB.AnyC.Every2."Isthisbikeyours?""No,it's______."A.BobB.Bobs&&&&&&&&D.Each答案C&&&&&&&&C.Bob's&&&&&&&&D.Bobs'答案C&&&&&&&&3."Isthere______goodonTVthisevening?""Sorry,nothinggood."A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything肯定句中用something，否定句和疑问句中用anything。答案C4.Youhaveagoodsuggestion,butit'snotaspracticalas_______.A.heB.himC.hisD.her答案C5.Achemistprepareshisexperimentscarefullybeforetryingtocarry_____inhislab.A.itoutB.outitC.themoutD.outthemcarryout实施宾格放在词组中间，名词放在词组后面。如，carryouthisexperiments答案C6.Nowadays_____seemstoenjoylookingatfatgirls.Thatiswhymanycompanieshavedevelopedspecialfoodstohelppeopletoslim(苗条).A.everyoneB.anybodyC.somebodyD.nooneenjoydoingsth.anybody在疑问句和否定句中指没有人，在肯定句中指任何人。答案D7.Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuyeggsbecausethere'shardly_____left.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everythinghardly否定词，几乎不的意思。答案A8.Hefeltbadbecausehehaddrunktoo_____thenightbefore.A.manyB.muchC.fewD.little本题主要考查可数名词和不可数名词。drinktoomuch喝多了toomuchwine太多的酒答案B9.Shepromisedherparentstowrite_______whileshewasaway.A.otherdayB.anotherdayC.everyotherdayD.anyotherdayeveryother每隔答案C10.Itwasterrible.Onepassengerwaskilled,and_____wasbadlyhurt.A.theothersB.restC.therestD.theotherheothers后面谓语动词接复数。&&&&&&&&&&&&答案D11.Somepeoplehopetobemoresuccessfulwhile_____simplywanttofeelmorecomfortable.A.theothersB.othersC.theotherD.anothersomeotherscomfortable舒适的答案B12.IfanyonehappenstocallwhileIamoutoftheoffice,pleasehave________leaveamessageforme.A.heB.himC.theyD.themhavesb.dosth.让某人做某事答案B13.Thefirstthingthatmybrotherand_______didintheearlymorningwastogoouttoseethepony.A.IB.meC.mineD.mypony小马主语firstthing，谓语动词wastogoouttosee，宾语thepony。答案A14."I'dlikesomemorebananas.""I'msorry,thereis_______left."A.noB.some&&&&&&&&C.few&&&&&&&&D.none答案D&&&&&&&&15.Therearetwowindowsinthisbedroom._______ofthemfacesouth,overlookingabeautifulpark.A.BothB.OneC.ThetwoD.Eithereither开头谓语动词要接单数，both谓语动词用复数。答案A16.Thejacketdoesn'tfitTerry,ashehas_______hugebodyandthejacketis_____small.A.suchB.soC.soD.suchasuch修饰名词，so修饰形容词。sohugethebody答案B17."Whyareyousmiling?""Oh,I'vejustthoughtof_________."A.funnysomethingB.somethingfunnyC.nothingfunnyD.funnyanything形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词的后面。不定代词：something，anything，somebody，anybody，nothing，nobody。答案B18.Youngbabiescanuse_________handequallywell.A.eitherB.eachC.bothD.every强调两者之中任何一个答案A19._______roadoutoftownisgood,butthisoneisbetterthantheother.A.BothB.AllC.NoneD.Neither答案D20."Ifeltabithungry.""Whydon'tyouhave______bread?"A.anyB.someC.little习语Whydon'tyouhavesome&&&&&&&&D.apiece&&&&&&&&&&&&答案B21.Itwasatthemusichall_______wemeteachotherforthefirsttime.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that强调句答案D22.Moderntechnologyhasmade______possibleforthewholeworldtobecloserthaneverbefore.A.thisB.thatC.itDit'sitispossible是可能的答案C23.Itisduringhissparetime_______JohnhasbeenstudyingacourseinFrench.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.whatitis强调句答案B24."HaveyouheardthenewsaboutTom?""No,what_______?"A.wasitB.weretheyC.aretheynews当消息讲是不可数名词&&&&&&&&D.isit答案D&&&&&&&&25.Iwonderwhy________possibleforyoutodotheworkbyyourself.A.youB.youareC.itisn'tD.youwereIwonderwhy宾语从句答案C26."DidAmy'sparentsleaveheranymoney?""No,shehastosupport______now."A.herselfB.byherselfC.allalonesupportoneself养活自己&&&&&&&&D.onherown答案A&&&&&&&&27.In_____ownway,mathematicscanbeascreativeandexcitingaspoetry.A.itB.itsC.theirD.theirsmathematics数学(单数)答案B28.Neighborsoughttorespect_______.A.themselvesB.oneanotherC.eachoneD.toeachother答案B29.Thisfurnitureisdifferentfrom_______.A.onesB.yourC.thatonefurniture是不可数名词，D.that答案D30.For______interestedinnature,thecluboffershikesandovernightcampingeachweekduringthesummer.A.thatB.thisC.theseD.thosehike徒步旅行，overnightcampinng在野外露营答案D31."MayIhelpyouwithsomeshoes,sir?""Yes,I'dliketotryonthosebrown_______."A.oneB.onesC.twoshoes是复数,对应onestryon试穿32."DoyoulikethebookSidneygaveyou?"&&&&&&&&D.pair&&&&&&&&答案B&&&&&&&&&&&&"Verymuch.It'sexactly_______Iwanted."A.onewhichB.theoneC.onethat下文提到上文提到的单数可数名词，用theone33."ShallImailtheletterforyou?""Yes,I'dappreciate________."A.thatyoudoB.youtodoit指代前面提到的事，用it。&&&&&&&&D.onewhat答案B&&&&&&&&C.this&&&&&&&&D.it答案D&&&&&&&&34.Thepatientchieflylivedonmilkandfruitbecausehehad______toeat.A.nothingelseB.anythingelseC.somethingotherD.nothingother修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词的后面。liveon以为生答案A35.________doesn'tmatterwhatyoudoatthispoint.A.TheyB.AllC.HeD.Ititdoesn'tmatter没关系答案D36.Peoplehaveproved_________tobetruethattheheatwegetfromcoalandoilcomesfromthesun.A.thatB.itC.thisD./it是形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语。答案B37.Idon'tthink________possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.itB.thatC.thisD.those答案A38."Wereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident?""No,______onlythetwopassengerswhogothurt."A.itwasB.thereisC.itwereD.therewas强调句答案A39.__________herealizeditwastoolatetoreturnhome.A.NosooneritgrewdarkthanB.HardlyitgrewdarkwhenC.ItwasnotuntildarkthatD.Scarcelyitgrewdarkwhennosonnerthan=assoonas一就scarcelywhen=assoonashardlywhen=assoonas答案C40.Itwasnotuntilshearrivedinclass________realizedshehadforgottenherbook.A.andB.whensheC.sheD.thatshenotuntil直到才答案D41.Itwas______whoarrivedtherefirst,despiteourdetour(绕路).A.usB.weC.ourD.ours答案B42.Itwas_______thenextmorningthatKuntabegantothinkaboutwherehewasgoing.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.notuntilafter在之后before在之前&&&&&&&&&&&&when当时候notuntil直到才答案D43.Itwas_______hegotamapthathestartedonhisaway.A.untilB.tillC.notuntilD.nottilluntil直到till直到notuntil直到才答案C&&&&&&&&第四节大纲要求&&&&&&&&数&&&&&&&&词（3-3~4-1）&&&&&&&&基数词及其用法；序数词的构成及其用法；分数词的构成；小数的用法。&&&&&&&&一、基数词及其主要用法&&&&表示数目的词称基数词。15fifteen，几百几千不加s，242twohundredandforty-two，5058fivethousandandfifty-eight，9,600,000ninemillionsixhundredthousand1.基数词可以用于数字的计算。6+8=14Sixpluseightisfourteen.9-7=2Nineminussevenistwo.7X5=35Seventimesfiveisthirty-five.8÷4=2Eightdividedbyfouristwo.2．基数词可以表示人的大致年龄和年代。Hediedinhisfifties.Thistookplacein's.Theprofessorbecamesuccessfulinhisthirties.3．基数词可以用来表达年份、时间、电话号码。1700seventeenhundred1814eighteenfourteen9:20ninetwenty11:30eleventhirty/halfpasteleven5:45fiveforty-five/aquartertosixeighteightseven,sixzerotwo,threeone4．基数词可以用于编号。Numbersix,line4,page19,Bus(No.)332,Platform(No.)5,Room1015．基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语。Aone-month-oldbabycanrecognizeitsmotherbysmell.Thiseleven-month-oldbabycanspeakafewwords.(Thebabyiselevenmonthsold.)&&&&&&&&&&&&Theteacheraskedustowriteafour-thousand-wordessayasourhomework.(Therearefourthousandwordsintheessay.)Thisfour-paragraphessayistoodifficultformetounderstand.(Therearefourparagraphsinthisessay.)&&&&&&&&二、序数词及其主要用法&&&&表示顺序的词称为序数词。如first,second,third,fourth,ninth,twenty-first,forty-fifth等。序数词可以用来表示日期和世纪。Maythefirst/thefirstofMay(5.1),Augusttheeighth/theeighthofAugust(8.8),thetwentiethcentury,thetwenty-firstcentury序数词在句子中前面一般加theThefirstofOctoberisourNationalDay.Shewasthethirdtoarrive.序数词在句子中前面加不定冠词，表示"再一""又一"。They'llhavetodoitasecondtime.ShallIaskhimathirdtime?Whenhesatdown,afourthmanrosetoask.&&&&&&&&三、分数词的构成&&&&分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，若分子大于1，分母需用复数。two-thirds(2/3),one-third(1/3),nine-tenths(9/10),five-twelfths(5/12)。特殊表达法有：onehalf(1/2),aquarter(1/4),threequarters(3/4)。考试重点基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语，名词不能加s。数词部分需特别注意dozen,hundred,million,billion等词。表示具体数字时，这些词用单数形式，表示不具体的数字时，须用dozensof,hundredsof这类的结构。Iwantthreedozenofthese.Hehasbeentheredozensoftimes.Itisreportedthat_____peopleinthisareaweresavedinthestorm.A.hundredB.hundredofC.hundredsofD.somehundreds(答案C)当数词与名词及其他词构成合成形容词时，合成形容词中间若用连字符，则其中的名词须用单数形式。Thehomeworkforthenextperiodistowriteatwo-hundred-wordcompositionaboutyourhometown.Maryisaeleven-year-oldgirl.(Maryiselevenyearsold.)&&&&&&&&典型例题&&&&1.In______centurycomputerswillbeusedmorewidely.A.twenty-oneB.thetwenty-oneC.twenty-first序数词前加the。D.thetwenty-first答案D2.Themeetingwillbeheldin_______.&&&&&&&&&&&&A.112Room&&&&&&&&B.Room112&&&&&&&&C.the112Room&&&&&&&&D.theRoom112答案B&&&&&&&&3.TheGreatWallofChinaisabout6,700_______.A.kilometerlongB.kilometerslongC.kilometerlongerD.kilometerslonger答案B4."HowmanypresidentsweretherebeforeAbrahamLincoln?""Fifteen,sohewas______."A.thesixteenpresidentB.thesixteenthpresidentC.presidentsixteenD.presidentthesixteenththesixteenthpresident第十六任总统答案B5.“Whatdidtheprofessortellyoutodo?”“Ihadtowritea______report.”A.twothousandwordsB.two-thousands-wordC.two-thousand-wordD.two-thousandwords答案C6.“Didyoubuyanythingattheclothingsale?”“Yes,Iboughtthree_____tiesforjusttwelvedollars.”A.fivedollarsB.five-dollarsC.five-dollarD.fifthdollar答案C7.Eightminusthree_______five.A.leaveB.leaves一般现在时8.Whatdateisit?It’s________.A.Julytwentieth-firstC.thetwenty-firstofJuly7月21日：Julythetwenty-firstthetwenty-firstofJulyC.leftD.hasleft答案BB.Julythetwenty-firstD.BothBandC&&&&&&&&答案：D9.Whenhewasinhis________,hegotthechancetogoabroadtostudy.A.fortyB.forty’sC.forty’syearsoldD.forties答案：D10.“Rextoldmeyouhavemoved.”“Yes,intoa_______.”A.two-storeyhouseB.houseoftwostoryC.houseoftwostoriesD.two-storieshouse答案：A11.“Iwouldliketoregisterthisletter.”“Pleasegoto_______onyourleft.”A.thirdwindowB.windowthirdC.thewindowthreeD.thethirdwindowregister挂号，邮寄答案：D&&&&&&&&&&&&第五节&&&&&&&&形容词与副词（4-1~5-2）&&&&&&&&大纲要求：&&&&形容词与副词掌握比较级的构成及其用法。&&&&&&&&一、形容词在句子中的作用&&&&1、形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。Agoodboymustbehavehimself.好孩子应当行为规矩。（定语）Ilikethisreddressverymuch.（定语）Sheisbeautiful.(表语)Thepatientisasleep.（表语）Whohasgotthewindowopen?(宾语补足语)I'vegoteverythingreadyfortheclass.(宾语补足语)Isaiditwouldhappen,andsureenoughitdidhappen.(独立成分)2、大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但有少数形容词只能作表语。Thisisareddress.Thedressisred.alike,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,aware,alive,ashamed,unable,content.&&&&&&&&二、副词在句子中的作用&&&&副词在句子中主要作状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子。Unfortunately,hewasn'tathomewhenIcame.（修饰整个句子）Luckily,shewasn'tinjuredintheaccident.（修饰整个句子）Herpronunciationisverygood.（修饰形容词）Ihavebeenextremelybusythesedays.（修饰形容词）Icanhardlyagreewithyou.（修饰动词）Heworksterribly(quite)hard.（修饰副词）&&&&&&&&三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成&&&&1．单音节词和少数双音节词（如以y结尾的）在词尾加-er,-est.如：small,smaller,great,greater,clever,cleverer,quiet,quieter,common,commoner,narrow,narrower,narrowest。2、以e结尾的词加-r,-st。如：larger,larger,simple,simpler,polite,politer,brave,braver,fine,finer,finest。3、以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词，变y为i再加-er,-est。如：busy，busier,heavy，heavier,happy，happier,happiest.&&&&&&&&&&&&4、以一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写该辅音字母，再加-er,-est。（一个辅音字母结尾；重读闭音节）如：big，bigger,thin，thinner,hot，hotter,hottest。双音节词，多音节词比较级和最高级在词前加more,most。如：difficult,moredifficult,mostdifficult,interesting,moreinteresting,useful,moreuseful,mostuseful。特殊的比较级和最高级&&&&&&&&四、形容词和副词比较级的用法&&&&1、比较级常与than引导的状语从句连用，表示与什么相比。Thisroomisbiggerthananyotheroneinthehotel.为了避免重复，从句常用一些代词。比较必须是两个相同的成分。Everydayhearrivesearlierthananyoneelseinthecompany.Smallorangesareusuallysweeterthanbigones.Itisbettertobepreparedthanunprepared.Thisiseasiersaidthandone.SheistallerthanI(me).Imeetwithmoredifficultiesthanshedoes.Thegirlsinmyclassaremoreactivethanthoseinhisclass.1、有than就要考虑比较级。2、比较的成分要完全一致。2、"比较级+and+比较级"，表示"越来越?"。MyfatherwalkedfasterandfasteruntilIcouldnolongerkeepupwithhim.keepupwith\跟上，赶上nolonger=notanylongerMyfatherwalkedfasterandfasteruntilIcouldn'tkeepupwithhimanylonger.（not用来否定动词）Ourcountryisgettingstrongerandstronger.Thingsaregettingbetterandbettereveryday.I'mgettingmoreandmoreinterestedinarts.getinterestedin对感兴趣3．"the+比较级?，the+比较级"，表示"越是?就越?"。Themorehaste,thelessspeed.欲速则不达。&&&&&&&&&&&&Thehardersheworks,themoreprogressshemakes.makeprogress取得进步ThemoreIstudyit,themoreIlikeit.Actually,thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.Themorepreparationyoudonow,thelessnervousyou'llbebeforetheexam.Thesooneryoustart,thefasteryou'llbefinished.&&&&&&&&五、形容词和副词最高级的用法&&&&最高级的前面通常要加定冠词，副词最高级前面的定冠词可以省略。最高级在使用时通常有一个短语或从句表示比较的范围。OfalltheplacesI'vevisited,IlikeHangzhoubest.ThisistheworstmovieI'veeverseen.Beijingisoneofthelargestcitiesintheworld.Forme,Tuesdayisoneofthebusiestdayintheweek.Amongallthestudents,heruns(the)fastest.比较级前面有时也加the，表示两者之间"较?的一个"。Bothofthetwogirlsarebeautiful,butIthinkthetalloneismorebeautifulofthetwo.Thefive-year-oldboychosethemoreexpensiveofthetwotoys.&&&&&&&&六、"as+原级+as"，"notas/so+原级+as"&&&&"as+原级+as"，表示"和?一样?"，"notas/so+原级+as"表示"不及?"。Heisasgoodaswimmerasanyofus.注意good的位置He'sastallasI.ItisnotashotinBeijingasinWuhan.Hedoesnotsmokesoheavilyashisfather.FrenchisjustasdifficultalanguageasEnglish.Sheisasgoodacookashermother.IhaveneverseensobeautifulaplaceasHangzhou.never否定含义类似的还有：hardly,little,few"as+原级+asonecan"和"as+原级+aspossible"表示"尽可能地?"。Comeassoonaspossible.Thereisnothingwecandobutwaitascalmlyaswecan.thereisnothing?but?,but后一定跟动词原形"as+原级+as"可以用来表示倍数。Mynewcoatcostmefourtimesasmuchastheoldone.先说倍数，然后在as+原级+ascost花费，主语是物。spend,主语是人。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.spendindoingsth.spendonsth.Thisroomistwiceaslargeasthatone.Thisroomistwicelargerthanthatone.&&&&&&&&&&&&七、比较级、最高级和"as+原级+as"前面都可以有表示程度的状语。&&&&Thesunismuchbiggerthantheearth.错误：Thesunismorebiggerthantheearth.Sheisbyfarthecleverestgirlinourclass.byfar到目前为止It'sbecomingthethirdlargestcityinthecountry.Theyhavemanymorechemistrybooksthanwe.Thereismuchmorewaterinthisjarthanthatone.Theywillcomebackalittleearlier.Thistimesheranagooddealfaster.TomissixcentimeterstallerthanJohn.Ofalltheworkersinthefactory,Aliceisbyfarthemostskilled.重点掌握：1、只能作表语的形容词。2、特殊形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。3、比较级多用than，个别情况下用ofthetwo。比较时，前后成分一定一致。4、the+比较级?，the+比较级5、as+原级+as，notas/so+原级+as6、"as+原级+as"可以用来表示倍数。Heisalmostastallashisbrother.Myfatherisn'tasoldashelooks.ThiswordisusedlessfrequentlyinBritishEnglishthaninAmericanEnglish.SpanishpeopleusuallyspeakmorequicklythanEnglishpeople.Winterisdrawingnear.It'sgettingcolderandcolder.Themoreyoupractisewriting,thebetteryouwilldoit.Themoreworkwegiveourbrains,themoreworkitisabletodo.&&&&&&&&典型例题：&&&&1.Wearenot_______toaffordacaryet.A.enoughmoneyB.moneyenoughC.richenoughD.enoughrich1、enough作为形容词放在可数复数名词和不可数名词前。Haveyougotenoughsandwichesforlunch?Surely15minutesisenoughtimeforyoutohavecoffee.2、enough作为代词。Sixbottlesofwinewillbeenough.Ihopeenoughofyouarepreparedtohelpwiththeshow.3、enough作为副词，放在动词、形容词和其他副词的后面。Youdon'tpracticeenoughatthepiano.Istheriverdeepenoughforswimming(toswimin)?Sheisn'tgoodenoughfortheexam.&&&&&&&&&&&&答案C2."It'ssixo'clockandyourfatherisstillattheoffice.""Iknow,whoelsewould_______hedoes?"A.beashardworkingasB.asworkingharderthanC.doharderworkthanD.workashardasas+原级+as答案D3."Ralphseemstolikethiscountry.""Yes,heis_______hereashewasathome."A.almostashappyB.ashappyalmostC.asalmosthappyD.almosthappyasas+原级+asalmost(already)放在系动词be的后面，其他动词的前面。答案Ａ4.TheysayMexicoCityismorepopulousthan_______intheworld.A.anycityB.anyothercityC.anyelsecityD.anyrestcitypopulous人口众多的单数一定要跟单数比。答案B5.Mostofthestudentshavemade_______progressintheirstudyofEnglishthanwefirstexpected.A.moregreatB.moregreaterC.fargreaterD.farmoregreater答案C6.GeneralGeorgeBrownwasolderthan_________inhisregiment(军团).A.anyofficerB.anyotherofficerC.anyothersofficerD.anyofficerelse答案B7.TheFrenchseemfarmoreinterestedinreadingaboutAfrica_______abouttheirnearestneighbors.A.asB.thanC.thesameD.somore为比较级，只能than答案B8.Itusuallytakesmuch_______timetoflyfromonecountrytoanotherthantotravelbytrain.A.moreB.lessC.littleD.least有than，肯定是比较级。答案B9.Frankplays_________Alex.A.alotmorebetterthanB.muchmorebetterthanC.alotbetterthanD.muchmorewellthan答案C10.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Thislessonis________thanthelastone.A.moreeasierB.moreeasyC.veryeasierD.mucheasier答案D11.YoungpeopleregardBobDylanas_________othermusicians.A.morebetterthanB.moresuperiorthanC.superiortoD.moreperfecttosuperior没有比较级。superiorto优于&&&&&&&&&&&&答案C12."Won'tyouhavemoremeat?""No,thanks.I'vehad________enoughalready."A.beyondB.morethanC.greaterthanD.plentyofmorethanhappy(glad)todosth.高兴做某事Iammorethanhappytotakeyouthereinmycar.答案B13.I'dliketoleavemycarnearhere.Where'sthe______,please?A.nearestparkingB.nextparkingC.nearestcarparkingD.nextcarpark答案A14.Thehardertheyworked,____________.A.theyseemedtodolessB.thelesstheyseemedtodoC.theyweredoinglessD.theydidlessthe+比较级?，the+比较级答案B15."Doyouenjoythenewcamera?""Yes,_______,themoreskilledIbecome."A.asItakemorepicturesB.themorepicturesItakeC.asmorepicturesItakeD.thepicturesItakemorethe+比较级?，the+比较级答案B16.Themorewelookedattheabstractpainting,_______.A.thelesswelikeditB.welikeitlessC.betterwelikeditD.itlookedbetterthe+比较级?，the+比较级答案A17.Thenewlargepassengerjetshavemadethetrafficproblemsatairports_______.A.morebadthanitwasB.theworsethanbeforeC.worsethaneverbeforeD.morebadthantheyweremake+名词+形容词使成为，变为Thenewsmakesherhappy.Hisactionsmakehimuniversallyrespected.答案C18.Ofthetwolectures,thefirstwasbyfarthe_______.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.worstbyfar跟形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用时，放在这类词的后面。如果这类词带有冠词，放前，放后都可以。Itisquickerbyfartogobytrain.Sheisthebestbyfar.(Sheisbyfarthebest.)答案B19.Kansasis_________statesinAmerica'smid-west.A.oneoftheflattestB.theflattestC.asflatterasD.flattestofthe答案A20.Onthedayhewastogivehisspeech,Paulwassufferingfromoneof_______coldshehadeverhad.A.badB.worseC.theworstD.badofall答案C&&&&&&&&&&&&sufferfrom遭受罪21.Thesteeloutputofthisyearwillbebiggerthan_____lastyear.A.thisofB.theoneC.thatofD.thoseofoutput产量指上文提到的用that或those。答案C22.Japanhastakenamoreindependentstand________.A.asitdoesbeforeB.asitdidbeforeC.thanitdoesafewyearsagoD.thanitdidafewyearsagostand立场答案D23.HerEnglishisverygood.ShecanspeakEnglishbetterthan_____inhergrade.A.anyoneB.theoneC.anyoneelseD.otherstudentother的用法：1、other常跟名词复数或单数不可数名词连用。Moralbeautyoughttoberankedaboveallotherbeauty.2、前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,none,one以及形容词性物主代词时，other可跟单数名词连用。Everymembermustbringoneotherperson.Theremustbesomeotherreasonforhimrefusingtohelp.another的用法：another表示单数概念，后面接单数名词或代词one。Don'tsayanotherword.another也可跟前面有数词的复数名词连用。Hewentbacktoworktoosoon，andwaslaidupforanotherthreemonths.one?theother?一个?另一个?one?another?(同组内的两个个体）答案C24.Thenewmodelcoststwice________lastyear's.A.morethanB.asmuchasC.asmanyasD.than"as+原级+as"可以用来表示倍数。Thenewmodelcoststwicemorethanlastyear's.答案B25.Thisoneisn'tgood.Thatoneis_______worse.A.moreB.veryC.quiteD.evenquite后面只能跟原级。Thisoneisquitebad.very的用法：1、用于形容词、副词前，加强语气。（非常，十分）veryquickly,verysoon2、用于形容词最高级或own之前。（十足，完全）theverybestquality,sixo'clockattheverylatest3、very表示正是Sittingintheverysameseat.答案D&&&&&&&&&&&&第六节&&&&&&&&介词（05-2~06-3）&&&&&&&&考试大纲要求：&&&&1、常用介词及其词义；2、介词与某些动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配；3、介词短语及其用法。介词在句子中不能独立充当一个成分，往往和后面的宾语共同构成句子的成分。介词与名词、形容词、动词有着固定的搭配。&&&&&&&&常用介词用法：&&&&1.across（穿过）Mymotherlivesacrossthestreet.Icameacrosshimyesterday.(comeacross偶然遇到)Thepostofficeisjustacrossthestreet.2.after（在之后）Thechildrenwenttobedaftersayinggoodnighttotheirparents.Whowilllookafteryourbabywhileyou'reaway?(lookafter照看，照料，takecareof)Thegirlisnamedafterhermother.（nameafter以命名）Rewritethesentencesafterthemodel.（模仿，仿照）3.against（反对）Whatyouaredoingisagainsttherule.Weareagainsttheproposal.（beagainst反对）Nobodyhasgotanythingagainstyou.4.along（沿着）TheywalkedalongNanjingRoad.Thereisacinemaalongthestreet.I'mgettingalong/onwellwithmyclassmates.5.around（围绕）Wealldrewupcloselyaroundhim.Theguideshowedusaroundthecity.（showsb.around领某人参观）6.at（在）Let'smeetatthestation.Shewasataconference.Thecommitteeistomeetattheweekend.Hejoinedupateighteen.（joinup参军）Whatareyoulaughingat?（laughat嘲笑）&&&&&&&&&&&&Let'shavealookatthepicture.（havealookat看一看）Mymotherwassurprisedatthenews.（besurprisedat吃惊）Heisgoodatmathematics.（begoodat擅长）Heisgoodatdrawing.7.before（在之前）Don'tputthecartbeforethehorse.不要本末倒置。Pridecomesbeforeafall.骄傲就会摔跤。Beforestartingthework,wehadadiscussion.Beforelong,thewarbrokeout.(breakout爆发)Iboughtthebookthedaybeforeyesterday.8.besides(除?之外还)Therearesixstudentsintheclassroombesidesme.Besidesfunandgoodexercise,swimmingisaveryusefulskill.9.between（在之间）Comebetweentenandeleveno'clock.Theydon'tknowthedifferencebetweenwheatandoats.(among用于三者或三者以上)What'sthedifferencebetweenthem?10.beyond（在之外）Thelakeisbeyondthatmountain.Don'tgobeyondthecityboundary.（gobeyond超过）It'sexpensiveandbeyondourreach.Thecityisbeyondrecognition.（beyondrecognition面目全非)Theproblemistoodifficult.It'sbeyondme.Thisisinevitableandbeyondalldoubts.这是必然的，毫无疑义的。11.but((除?之外)Whobutafoolwoulddosuchathing?Ihavenothingbutabookinmyhand.I'mthelastbutonetogethere.12．by（经过）Shepassedbymewithoutsayinggoodbyetome.Thewomanisstandingbythedoor.Bythetimewegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.Bytheendoftheyear,wehavetrained400people.Icameherebytaxi.（bybus,byplane,byship,onfoot)Thegirlisn'tanactressbyprofession.(actor男演员）What'sthetimebyyourwatch?ThisnoveliswrittenbyCharlesDickens.Consumergoodsproductionwillgoupby6%thisyear.Imethimbychanceyesterday.（bychance偶尔碰到）Weallhavetoabidebytherules.（abideby遵守）Bytheway,whereistheteacher?（bytheway顺便说一下）Inordertopasstheexam,wehavetolearnthetextsbyheart.&&&&&&&&&&&&Attheageoftenshebegantolivebyherself.(byoneself独自）13.except(除去)Noneofushaveseenthefilmexceptmysister.HecomestoschooleverydayexceptSaturday.Sheisaloneintheworldexceptforhermother.14.for（为了）AftersupperIalwaysgooutforawalk.（gooutforawalk散步）Thankyouforspendingsomuchtimelisteningtomeexplain.Thankyouforspendingsomuchtimelisteningtomyexplanation.Forgivemeforbeinglate.(表原因）I'msorryforwhathashappened.Thecoatisforsale.（forsale出售）Thisisabookforyou.Wheneversheisintrouble,she'llturntoherparentsforhelp.（beintrouble处在困难之中turnto向某人求助）WeleftBeijingforShanghailastweek.(leave?for?动身去)IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.Isoldtheflatfor100,000yuan.（flat,apartment公寓，house别墅，room房间）Howmuchdoyoupayforthecoat?（payfor付款）It'shardformetogetridofalltherats.（getridof消灭，消除）I'mlookingformybook.find（找到）:I'mlookingformybook,butIcan'tfindit.Idothisallforyourgood.（forone'sgood为了某人好）Whoareyouwaitingfor?（waitfor等待）Theydothisforthesakeoftheirmother.（forthesakeof因为）15.from（来自）We'velearntalotfromourteacher.Theyarebusyfrommorningtonight.（from...to...从到）Theletterisfromyourparents.Ihavebeenawayfromhomeforalongtime.（beawayfromhome离开家）（befrom来自）I'mfromChina.Thefilmwesawyesterdaywasdifferentfromthenovel.（bedifferentfrom与不同，differfrom）Thewineismadefromthebestgrapes.makefrom化学变化makeof物理变化Thedeskismadeofwood.makesth.up由组成Animalbodiesaremadeupofcells.Societyismadeupofpeopleofwidelydifferingabilities.makewithsth.迅速拿出或提供某物Makewiththebeers,buster.伙计，拿啤酒来。makefor为做&&&&&&&&&&&&Shemadecoffeeforallofus.Millionsofpeoplearesufferingfromthewar.（sufferfrom遭受）Heisweakfromlackofsleep.（lackof缺乏）Idisagreewiththemfromthebeginning.（disagreewith不同意agreewith同意）Itrytopreventthemfromdoingthework,butinvain.(preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事)（invain毫无作用，徒劳）Thesituationisgettingfrombadtoworse.Theguestistalkingfrombeginningtotheend.16.in（在里）Shewasbornin1980.We'llbebackinthreedays.（Hecamebackthreedaysago.）Doyouworkinthedaytimeoratnight?We'llbebackinnotime.（innotime立刻，马上）Heisinhisearlythirties.(inone'sthirties三十多岁)Heisalwaysinagoodmood.(inagoodmood情绪很好inabadmood情绪很糟)Ihavenodifficulty/troubleinsolvingtheproblem.（nodifficultyindoingsth.没有困难）Didyouhaveanydifficultyinfindingthehotel?CanyouwriteinEnglish?Theyhavedoneitinawrongway.（inawrongway错误的方式）Theyacceptedtheplaninprinciple.（inprinciple原则上）17.into（进入）Let'sgointotheroom.Iworkedfarintothenight.Thehousehasbeenturnedintoamuseum.（turninto变成）Wemustputthesetheoriesintopractice.Theyallburstintolaughter.（burstinto爆发）Atthenews,mysisterburstintotears.（burstintotears放声大哭）Iranintomyformerclassmateatthestation.Wehaven'tseeneachotherforalongtime.（runinto偶然碰到，偶然遇到）18.like（像）Helikesitsmother.他喜欢他的母亲。Thebabylookslikeitsmother.Itlookslikesnow.What'stheweatherliketoday?Idon'tfeellikeeatinganything.Whatdoesitlook(taste)like?19.of（的）Heisafriendofmine.HaveyougottheCompleteWorksofLuHsun?&&&&&&&&&&&&We'reofthesameopinion.（beof赞同）Electricityisofgreatuseinindustryandeverydaylife.(beofuse=beuseful)Yourhelpisofgreatvaluetous.(beofvalue=bevaluable)Ioftenthinkofthedayswespenttogether.（thinkof想起）Ireaditquitebychanceinamagazine.（bychance偶然）It'sverykindofyoutoremindmeofit.（It'sverykindofsb.remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事）ThepictureremindsmeofthetimewespenttogetherinDalian.We'reproudofourson.（beproudof以为骄傲）Thelittleboyisafraidofdogs.（beafraidof害怕）It'sjustwasteoftime.Heisashamedofhispast.（beashamedof羞耻，惭愧）Thevillageisshortofwater.（beshortof缺少）Idoalltheseofmyownwill.(ofone'sown出于某人的意愿)20.on（在上）Youhitthenailonthehead.你这话击中了要害。Putthebookontheshelf,please.MymotherwasbornonApril14,1947.（哪一年用in，具体到某一天用on）HeleftBeijingforhomeonthemorningofJuly2.(inthemorning，具体到某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on)Ontheeveoftheirdeparture,theygaveafarewellbanquet.(ontheeveof在前夕）WeusuallygetuplateonSundaymorning.Onhisreturnhetoldusaboutthemeeting.TheywillgoonavisittoAsia.(goonavisit=visit)Heishereonbusiness.（beonbusiness做生意）Sheisawayonatrip.（onatrip旅行）Theworkersattheairportisonstrike.（beonstrike罢工）Whenwecameback,wefoundourhouseonfire.（onfire着火）Theprofessorismakingaspeechonthecurrentsituation.（关于）Thishouseisonsale.（onsale出售）Who'sondutytoday?Thegirlinsistsonleavinghomeanddependsonherselfforaliving.（insiston坚持dependon依靠，依赖）21.outof（出于）Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawagirlturnroundthecorner.Theycameoutoftheroomtowelcomeus.Mybrotherhasbeenoutofthehospitalforaweek.(beoutofthehospital出院beinhospital住院)Hediditoutofgratitudeforus.Wehelpedthepoorboyoutofsympathy.Pleasegetoutoftheway.别挡道。&&&&&&&&&&&&Allofuswereoutofbreathwhenwegottothetopofthemountain.(beoutofbreath气喘吁吁）Thecoatisoutofdate.(beoutofdate过时）Mymotherisoutofworknow.（beoutofwork失业）22.since（自从）Theyhavebeenclosefriendssincechildhood.（从儿童时期他们就是好朋友）We'vealwaysbeenonguardsincethen.（beonguard警惕）Igottoknowhimlastyear,andhavebeenwritingtoeachothersincethen.23.through(通过、穿过)Thereisapaththroughthegarden.I'vegonethroughthebook.（gothrough看过浏览过）Shemusthavebeenthroughalot.（bethrough受罪）Wequicklysawthroughhistrick.(seethrough看穿)Howsoonwillyoubethrough?（bethrough打电话）You'rethroughnow.你的电话接通了。Hebegantolookthroughthealbum.(lookthrough翻阅)Thecouplewentthroughmanyhardships.（gothrough经历）She'sillallthroughSeptember.24.toAllroadsleadtoRome.Didyougototheexhibitionlastweek?We'llchangethedatetoJuly10.(to到什么时间)Let'sdrinktoyourhealth.（drinkto为什么干杯）Don'tleavethingstothelastmoment.（tothelastmoment到最后一刻）Imustapologizetoyou.HappyChristmas!Thesametoyou.You'reawfullynicetome.HainanliestothesouthofGuangdong.(lieon,liein)Tooursurprise,shegaveuptheopportunity.（toone'ssuuprise使某人感到惊奇giveup放弃）Thefinalscoreis3:5inourfavor.Tooursurprise,everythingintheroomisingoodorder.（beingoodorder秩序井然）25.under(在的下面）Somegirlsaresingingunderthetrees.Theroadisunderrepair.（beunderrepair正在修理）Fromhere,wecanseethebridgeunderconstruction.Scientistsbelievethattheywillgetweatherundercontrolsomeday.(undercontrol在控制之中)Theproposalisnowunderdiscussion.(proposal提案)Theunpopularmayorisunderconstantattackinthenewspapers.26.with(和)Whowasthatwithyou?你刚才和谁在一起？Ourteacherisstrictwithus.(bestrictwithsb.对某人严格要求)&&&&&&&&&&&&Myfatherisalwayspatientwithme.(bepatientwith对某人有耐心)We'resatisfiedwithourwork.(besatisfiedwith对满意)Sheisdiscussingtheideawithhertutor.We'refamiliarwitheachother.(befamililarwith熟悉similiarto相似)Hereyeswerefilledwithtears.(befilledwith充满)He'sinbedwithflu.Thegroundwascoveredwithsnow.Thestreetiscrowdedwithpeople.(becrowedwith拥挤)Hewantedtokilltwobirdswithonestone.(一举两得)Thegirlgreetedmewithasmile.Theyoungmanwithglassesoverthereismybrother.What'sthematterwithyou?Ifoundtheplacewithgreatdifficulty.(withgreatdifficulty费很大劲)It'shotoutside.HewasworkingtherewithonlyaT-shirton.Thegirlwassittinginachairwithherhandsfolded.&&&&&&&&介词考试重点：&&&&除了要掌握介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配外，还需牢记一个基本点即，介词后面接的是宾语，因此跟在其后面的主要是代词、名词或动名词及其词组，间或是宾语从句。①I'mlookingforward____youtomorrow.A.toseeB.toseeingC.seeingD.seelookforwardtodoing答案B②Ialwaysarriveattheofficeintime,but_______theheavyrain,I'monehourlatethismorning.A.becauseB.becauseofC.asD.sincebecause、as、since接句子答案B③Thisweeklyschedulewillmakeyoumoreawareofhowyouspendyourtime.awareof意识到④I'llspeaktohimaboutit.speaktosb.对某人谈话&&&&&&&&典型例题：&&&&1.WhenthetaxicameIputoutmyhead,butitjustwent______mewithoutstopping.A.offB.overC.throughD.pastputoutmyhead(伸出头)goout(下车)goover(复习)gothrough(碾过去)past(经过)答案D2.Hisearsarehighlysensitive________anyunusualsoundinthemachine.A.ofB.onC.toD.bysensitiveto(对敏感)&&&&&&&&&&&&答案C3.Hemighthavebeenkilled_______thearrivalofthepolice.A.exceptforB.butforC.withD.forexceptfor(除了)butfor(要不是)with(和在一起)for(因为)exceptfor:除了之外Theroadwasemptyexceptforafewcars.butfor:倘无，要不是,表虚拟语气。Butforthedoctor'sskill,hewouldhavedied.Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadaverypleasantjourney.答案B4.Japanis__________theeastofChina.A.atBinC.overD.to答案D5.Trysomeofthistobacco.You'llsayit'ssecond______none.A.ofB.withC.toD.butsecondtonone=asgoodasthebest(不亚于任何人或事物)Asadancer,sheissecondtonone.答案C6.Hesoldhiscar_________$2,000.A.forB.overC.inD.by答案A7."Wasn'tJohnsupposedtobeherebynow?""Don'tworry.He'llbehere_______twentyminutes."A.byatleastB.aroundC.atnearlyD.inabout答案D8."CouldyoufindananswertoyourprobleminthebookIgaveyou?""Ilookedatit,butitwasn'treally_______."A.muchusedB.abletouseC.ofusefulnessD.ofmuchuseto的答案keytomyroom(我屋子的钥匙)beofuse=beuseful答案D9."AreyoudonewiththebookIgaveyou?""Notquite.I'vereadall______thelastchapter."A.butB.untilC.justD.yetbut除了until直到just刚好yet还没有but=exceptbut:主要与noone,none,nothing,nobody等否定词用；who,where,what等疑问词；all,everyone,everything,anyone,anything,及everywhere等连用。WhobutGeorgewoulddosuchathing?Isn'tthereanythingbutmountains?except+句子；exceptfor+n.except+n.时主要与noone,none,nothing,nobody等否定词用；all,everyone,everything,anyone,anything,及everywhere等连用。不与who，where，what等疑问词连用答案A10.Iagreewithhim________,butnotentirely.&&&&&&&&&&&&A.untilacertainpointB.tosomepointC.tosomeextentD.untilacertainextenttosomeextent(在某种程度上)答案C11.Myparentsarenotinterestedinmodernmusic.Theyare_______thetimes.A.beforeB.behindC.afterD.against答案B12.I'mratheranxious_______her,forIhaven'theardfromherforalongtime.A.towardB.aboutC.inD.overbeanxiousabouthearfromsb.(收到某人来信)答案B13.Whoisresponsible_______thearrangements?A.formakeB.tomakeC.tomakingD.formakingberesponsiblefor答案D14."EdwardwasterriblyimpolitetoMissSmith.""Yes,heshouldbe________himself."A.sorryforB.sorryaboutC.ashamedwithD.ashamedofbeimpolitetosb(对某人没有礼貌)ashameof(感到羞愧)besorryfor/aboutsth.自责Aren'tyousorryfor/aboutwhatyou'vedone?be/feelsorryforsb.(1)同情Ifeelsorryforanyonewhohastodriveinthisbadweather?(2)对某人有些不赞成，怜悯某人Ifhedoesn'trealizetheconsequencesofhisactions,I'msorryforhim.答案D15.Iamdisappointedwiththenewofficerselectedinourclub,butthereisnopoint______aboutit.A.complainB.incomplainingC.foruscomplainD.withustocomplainnopointindoingsth.point:价值There'snotmuchpointincomplaining,theynevertakeanynotice.答案B16.Tosaythatsomeone'sworkisnotgoodistofindfault______it.A.ofB.withC.forD.onfindfaultwith(对找缺点)答案B17.Theairportisfivemiles________.A.awayfromhereB.farfromhereC.farawayfromhereD.fromhereawayawayfrom(离远)答案A18.Tomhasbeen_______thetelephonefortwohours.A.onBinC.atD.forbeonthetelephone接电话答案A19._______funandexercise,swimmingisaveryusefulskill.A.BesideB.BesidesC.ExceptforD.Butforbeside(在旁边)besides(除了)&&&&&&&&&&&&exceptfor(除了)butfor(要不是)Threeotherswenttherebesidesme.Everyonewentthereexceptme.答案B20._______theheavysnowlastnight,noneoftheclasseshavebeencancelledattheuniversity.A.DespiteofB.InspiteofC.InspiteD.Despitewithinspiteof=despite(尽管)答案B21.Themoviewesawlastnightwasverydifferent_______thenovel.A.ofB.toC.fromD.withbedifferentfrom答案C22.Ipreferwritingatermpaper_______takinganexamination.A.thanB.toC.forD.ratherthanprefertoprefer+n.to+n.Iprefercoffeetotea.prefer+doingto+doing答案B23.Thepictureremindsme_______thetimewespenttogetherinNewYork.A.ofB.inC.forD.toremindsb.ofsth.答案A24.Fromherewecanseethebridge_______construction.A.belowB.byC.underD.withunderconstruction：在建设中Thenewrailwayisstillunderconstruction.答案C&&&&&&&&第七节连词（6-3~7-1）大纲要求&&&&并列连词及其用法；从属连词及其用法。连词在句子中起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。连词分为并列连词和从属连词，从属连词用于复合句中。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或分句。&&&&&&&&常见连词用法&&&&1．but(但是)"Iwon'tgo.""Butyou'vetoldmeyouwould.""CanIhelpyou?""I'mafraidtheboxistooheavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame."2.yet(然而)&&&&&&&&&&&&Theygottoknoweachotheramonthago,yettheyhavebeenindeeplovenow.(beinlove相爱)Shehasherweaknesses,yetthatdoesn'tmeansheisnotqualifiedforthejob.(bequalifiedfor胜任)Sheisnotanativespeaker,yetherFrenchisadequateforthejob.(beadequatefor胜任)3.however(然而)Thetextisdifficult.Itis,however,notbeyondthereachofthestudents.Atfirstthegirlrefusedtogowithhim.Later,however,shechangedhermind.4.for(因为)You'dbetterputonyourcoat,forit'srathercoldoutside.Itmustbesnowing,foritissobrightoutside.Theoldmansatinfrontofthefiremostoftheday,foritwasverycold.5.so(所以)IhavelivedinWuhanforfiveyears,soI'musedtothelifehere.(beusedto+n或doing习惯于I'musedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.usedtodosth.过去常常做某事Iusedtoteachintheschool.Iusedtogetuplateinthemorning.)Itwasalreadyratherlate,sowedecidedtogohome.Mymotherisexpectingme,soImustbeoffnow.Maryearnsagoodsalary,soshecan'tbedeepindebt.(beindebt陷于债务之中)6.and(并且)Tryyourbestandyou'llsucceedthistime.(succeed是动词，successful是形容词，success是名词)Heshookhisheadandwentaway.(shook的原型是shake)7.then(然后)Firsttheyonlyquarreled,andthentheybegantofight.Useyourbrain,andthenyou'llfindaway.8.or(或者)Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.Youmaydoityourself,orasksomeoneelsetodoit.Hehardlyevergoestothecinemaorthetheatre.9.otherwise(否则)Shewasinahurrythatmorning.Otherwiseshewouldhavestoppedtotalkwithyou.You'dbettertakemoreexercise,otherwiseyou'llgetfat.10.either?or(或者或者)Youcancomeeithertodayortomorrow.Youmayeitherstayhereorgowithme.11.neither,nor,neither…norIdon'tknowtheanswer,neither/nordoesshe.(否定句+neither/nor+倒装句)Shecouldn'tspeakGerman,neither/norcouldanyoneelseintheclass.Idon'twanttodoit,nordoIwantyoutodoit.ShecouldneitherspeakEnglishnorwriteit.Weworkneitherforfamenorforpersonalgains.&&&&&&&&&&&&Weneitherknownorcarewhathashappened.12.both?and(两者都)She'slookingforopportunitiesbothhereandabroad.(opportunity机会)Theprospectsbothexcitedandworriedme.13.notonly?butalso(不但而且)notonly?butalso连接的句子成分一定要一致Theboynotonlylostthemoneybutalsocameclosetolosinghislife.Heislikehismothernotonlyinappearancebutalsoincharacter.(notonly+介词+名词，butalso+介词+名词)14.aswellas(也怎么样)Wehavereadoneofhisnovelsaswellasafewofhisplays.Thekindmangavemesomeadviceaswellassomemoney.15.nevertheless(然而)Shehasfailedmanytimes,neverthelesssheisconfidentshewillsucceedintheend.16.therefore(因此)You'reintheright,thereforeweshouldsupportyou.17.hence(因此)Thewordisanuncountablenounandisusedinageneralsense,hence(therefore)ittakesnoarticle.&&&&&&&&典型例题：&&&&1."IthoughthehatedtheTV.""Youareright,_______hestillwatchestheprogram."A.yetB.besidesC.alsoD.thenyet然而besides除了also不是连词，不能连接句子Heisateacher.I'malsoateacher.then然后答案A2."Youshouldputthemoneyinthebank.""It'smymoney,_______IcandowhateverIwantwithit."A.butB.soC.yetD.orbut除了so所以yet然而or或者答案B3.Wemustleavethepartyatexactly9:00,________we'llbelateforwork.A.forelseB.otherC.elseD.otherwise&&&&&&&&&&&&forelse(没有这种搭配)other+nelse(不单独使用)otherwise(否则)答案D4.BothMaryandEllen,________Jane,arestudyingnursingattheUniversityofToledo.A.aswellasB.wellC.aswellD.andwellasaswellas(也，并且)well(好)aswell(无此用法)andwellas(无此用法)答案A5.YoucanflytoLondonthisevening_______youdon'tmindchangingplanesinParis.A.unlessB.exceptC.sofarasD.ifminddoingsth.unless(除非)except(除了)insofaras(到什么什么程度)sofar(迄今为止)if(如果)答案D6.Thepatientswillhavetowaitallday_______thedoctorworksfaster.A.ifB.whetherC.unlessD.thatif(如果)whether(是否)unless(除非)答案C7.Sheremainedsilent,_______herheartwasheavyandherspiritlow.A.soB.thoughC.forD.thereforeso(所以)though(尽管)for(因为)therefore(因此)答案C8.Intheworldnocountryhasexactlythesamefolkmusic________thatofanyothercountries.A.withB.asC.toD.likethesameas和一样as:连词。谈到人或事物彼此都有相同点时表示比较Thisisthesameoneasthatyouhadbefore.Like:介词。Likeme,sheenjoysallkindsofmusic.Sheenjoysallkindsofmusic,asIdo.在口语中like可以做连词=asNobodyunderstandshimlike/asIdo.答案B9.Mybrotherlikescountrymusic,_______Ilikepopmusic.A.whenB.whereC.whileD.becausewhen(当时候)&&&&&&&&&&&&where(在哪儿)while(当时候；相反)because(因为)答案C10.________itisverylatenow,thestudentsarestillworkinginthelab.A.AsB.WhenC.IfD.Althoughas因为when当时候if如果although尽管答案D&&&&&&&&考试重点&&&&连词分为从属连词和并列连词，从属连词用来连接各类从句，并列连词用来表示并列句之间转折、因果、并列、选择、递进等关系。考生应了解常见连词的意思，根据句子上下文的需要进行恰当的选择。1.Theboywantedtoplayfootball._____,itwasrainingandhestayedathome.A.AndB.ButC.SoD.Forand(并且)；but(但是)；so(所以)；for(因为)答案B2.ThecouplehavelivedinChinaforfiveyears,sotheyhavegotusedtothelifehere.3.Iwonderifyouhavemetmysister.(if是否)4.Theresearchresultsshowthattheearthgoesalittlefaster_______itisclosertothesun.A.asifB.sothatC.thanD.whenasif(仿佛)；sothat(以便，为了)；sothat(如此以至于)；than(连接比较级)；when(当时候)答案D5.________Ihaven'tseenthefilm,Iknowverylittleaboutit.A.AfterB.AlthoughC.AsD.Beforeafter(在什么之后)；although(尽管)；as(因为)；before(在之前)because和so不能同时用as和so不能连用答案C&&&&&&&&第八节&&&&&&&&动词（7-1~13-1）&&&&&&&&考试大纲要求&&&&动词包括时态、被动语态、动名词、分词以及虚拟语气。（1）动词的分类：及物动词与不及物动词；连系动词；助动词；情态动词。（2）动词的基本形式：动词原形、过去分词、现在分词；不规则动词的形式&&&&&&&&&&&&（3）动词主要时态的构成及其用法。包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时，一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，完成进行时，一般将来时，将来完成时，过去将来时。（4）情态动词及其基本用法。（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的形式及主要用法。（6）被动语态的构成及其基本用法。（7）虚拟语气的常见形式及其基本用法。&&&&&&&&一、动词的分类&&&&动词类型及物动词不及物动词连系动词助动词情态动词在句子中的用法后面接宾语后面不接宾语，或接"介词/副词+宾语"后面接表语后面接动词原形后面接动词原形，或接动词的完成式&&&&&&&&二、动词的基本形式&&&&动词除原形外，还有过去式、过去分词和现在分词三种形式。（一）过去式和过去分词的构成1．一般情况下在原形后加-ed。如：work-worked,help-helped。2．以e结尾的单词，在原形后加-d。如：like-liked,joke-joked,hope-hoped.3.以"辅音字母+y"结尾的单词，变y为i再加-ed。如：study-studied,carry-carried,copy-copied。4．以重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的单词，双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped,prefer-preferred,admit-admitted,plan-planned.有些动词的过去式和过去分词有特殊的形式。cost-cost-costmeet-met-metcatch-caught-caughtrise-rose-risendrive-drove-drivenget-got-got/gottenleave-left-leftsmell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelledtell-told-toldtake-took-taken（二）现在分词的构成1．一般情况下在原形后加-ing。如：go-going,carry-carrying,play-playing,answer-answering,ask-asking。2．以不发音的e结尾的单词，去e加-ing。如：live-living,come-coming,dance-dancing,write-writing。3．以重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing。如：sit-sitting,begin-beginning,permit-permitting,run-running,forget-forgetting.有些动词的现在分词有其特殊形式。如：die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying,picnic-picnicking.&&&&&&&&&&&&三、动词的主要时态&&&&（一）一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作、现在的特征和状态、普遍真理等。Galileosaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.一般现在时的谓语形式：1．当动词为实义动词，如read,go,look时，谓语用动词原形，否定句在动词前面加donot，疑问句加助动词do。常和always,often,usually,sometimes,everyday等表示时间的状语连用。Igotoschooleveryday.Ireadthenewspapersafterlunch.Doyouagreewithme?(agreewithsb.同意某人观点)Idon'tquiteagreewithyou.主语为第三人称单数时，动词后面一般加（具体变化规则与名词变复数相同）s。否定句加doesnot,疑问句加does.Myfathergetsupatsixeveryday.Helovessports.Doesithurt?DoesMissWuteachusEnglish?Themachinedoesn'trunsmoot