高二英语上册专题辅导
您现在的位置：&&>>&&>>&&>>&&>>&正文
高二英语上册专题辅导
作者：佚名 教案来源：网络 点击数： &&&
高二英语上册专题辅导
文 章来 源莲山 课件 w ww.5Y k J.cO m 2010届高二英语升级考试精品专题辅导 高二 Units 1 - 2要点突破☆重点句型☆1. By asking why, how and what if, curious minds find&&& new ideas and solutions.2. It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis&& of the obvious.3. There did not seem much point in working on my Phi)& -- I did not expect to survive that long.4. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind&& of life he has always dreamt of.&5. Even though I have interviewed famous people, the&&&& story I like best is about an ordinary young woman ...&6& it was the first time that I had written with real&&&& passion.&7. The result is a better understanding of the world on all&&& sides, leading to a future world where people from all&&& countries am respected and different views and opinions&&& are tolerated.&8. Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside&& the factory and left a positive message about protecting&&& the earth.&9. They build a theory about the way in which things&&& happen and the causes and effects.10. More than ninety responsible and caring citizens, madetheir voices heard today.&&& ☆重点词汇☆1. undertake v. 着手做2. analysis n. 分析3. inspiration n. 灵感4. within prep. 在……的里面5. curious adj. 好奇的6. debate v. 争辩7. graduate v. 毕业8. disable v. 使丧失能力9. seek v. 寻找10. observe v. 观察11. match v. 和……相配12. astronomer n. 天文学家13. engage v. 使订婚；使从事于14. intelligent adj. 理解力强的15. experient v. 进行实验
16. media n. 传媒17. fire v. 解雇；开除18. difficulty n. 难事19. bum v. 燃烧20. inform v. 通知21. talent n. 天资；天赋22. present v. 呈现；描述23. effort n. 努力24. ignore v. 不理；忽视25. tolerate v. 忍受26. concern v. 使担忧27. rmire v. 退休28. bore v. 使厌烦29. attitude n. 态度；看法30. update v. 更新&&& ☆重点短语☆1. go by (时间)经过2. turn out to be 结果是3. on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面4. within oneself 在某人能力范围之内5. dream of / about 梦想6. reach one's goals 达到目标7. be curious about 对……好奇8. the other way around 相反地9. a top university 一所著名的大学10. be punished for 因……而受惩罚11. nine out often 十分之九12. a promising postgraduate 一个有前途的研究生13. be addicted to 对……上瘾14. bum down 烧毁15. foronce 就这一次16. spare no effort 不遗余力17. on all sides 在各方面18. adapt to 适应19. be armed with 用……武装20. be concerned to 担心，担忧21. change one's mind 改变主意22. go up 上升，增长23. in an organized way 有组织地，有条理地24. fall in love with 与……相爱25. current affairs 时事&&& ☆交际用语☆1. What do they mean?2. What are they known for?3. What makes a scientist successful?4. What do these three great minds have in common?5. What are you interested in?6. That's correct / true.7. It's hard to say.8. It's clear that...9. There is no doubt that...10. I would rather...11. What's your opinkm?12. Maybe it would be better to choose...☆词汇短语☆【考点9】complete 的用法▲ 辨析：accomplish；complete；finish三词均意为“完成”，但所接名词不同。accomplish一般后接“任务、使命、目标、航程”或其他抽象名词。com―plete意为“完成，完结”，多指完成一项指派的任务或把未完成的事情完全结束，强调整个的全过程，后所接的名词往往更具体些，如“建筑物、工程、书籍”等。finish意为“结束”，多指着手进行的事或所作的动作完成，尤指完成工作的最后一步，后面可接名词或动名词，如“用完、吃完”等。complete a book写完一本书，finish a&book读完或写完一本书。例如：One more week，and we'll accomplish the task. 再给我们一周，我们就能完成这项任务。When the building has been completed, it will look im―pressive. 这座建筑物完成后一定会很宏伟。Have you finished typing that letter? 你把那封信打好了没有?【考例9】(2004广东) ____ the programme, theyhave to stay there for another two weeks.&&&&& A. Not completing&&&&& B. Not completed&&&&& C. Not having completed&&&&& D. Having not completed[考查目标] 非谓语动词及其时态。[答案与解析] C& 非谓语动词的否定形式是在其前加not。故排除D项，主语they执行非谓语动词所表示的动作，故可排除B项，根据句子的意思，“没有完成计划”的动作应发生在have to say动作之前，故应使用现在分词的完成体。【考点4】curious的用法▲ 构词：① curiously adv. 好奇地② curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲▲ 搭配：① be curious about 对……(感到)好奇；很想知道……② curiously (enough) 说来(足够)奇怪▲ 句型：① be curious to do sth 急于千某事；渴望干某事② It's curious that... 真奇怪……【考例4】(1998上海) Don't be too ____ aboutthings you are not supposed to know.&&& A. strange&&& B. amusing&&& C. curious&&& D. conscious[考查目标] 形容词在语境中的用法。[答案与解析]C& be curious about表示“对某事好奇”。2. debate n. & v. 辩论，争辩，参加辩论；讨论，考虑& (如何较好)& They were debating about a foolish question.& 他们正在争论一个愚蠢的问题。& They debated the question in whispers.& 他们小声辩论了这个问题。& After a long debate, they finally reached an agreement.& 经过长时间辩论后，他们终于达成一致协议。& The subject was hotly debated.& 这个主题经过激烈的辩论。& We were debating where we should go for our holiday.& 我们正在讨论去哪里度假。& [提示] debate多作可数名词，有时也作不可数名词。& After much debate, we decided to move to Oxford.& 我们经过充分讨论决定迁往牛津。5. disable vt. 使丧失能力& He was disabled in the war；he lost his left arm.& 他在战争中残废了；他失去了左臂。& The disabled are to receive more money.& 残疾人应该接受更多的捐助。【考点8】effort的用法▲ 搭配：① make a good / great effort 做出很大努力② make an effort 尽心；努力③ make every effort 尽一切努力▲ 句型：① make a great / good effort (to do sth) ∥ make every& effort ∥ make great / good efforts② Please make an effort to do sth 请劳驾干……③ do sth with a great effort / great efforts 费力干某事④ do sth without effort (毫)不费力地干某事⑤ devote one's (great) efforts to doing sth⑥ spare no effort(s) to do sth 不遗余力干某事；尽全力& 干某事【考例8】(2000上海春招)The rescue team made every____ to find the missing mountain climber.&&& A. force&&& B. energy&&& C. effort&&& D. possibility[考查目标] 名词和动词的搭配关系。[答案与解析]C make every effort to do sth 意为“竭尽全力干某事”。【考点5】elect的用法▲ 构词：election n. 选举▲ 辨析： select该组词均表达“选择”之意，但choose意为“选择．挑选”，多指以个人好恶为标准，侧重于根据自己主观印象做出判断。表示从两者中选一个时，必须用choose。elect意为“选举，选择”，指在众多人中进行挑选，强调经过深思熟虑后做出的选择。pick out意为“选好，挑出”。多用于有形的东西，指精心仔细地挑选，含有“挑剔”的意思。select意为“选择，挑选”。指从众多东西中，更加仔细、慎重、有比较地进行挑选，其语义比choose强。例如：I leave it to you to choose between the two methods. 我任你在这两种方法之间做出选择。We elected him chairman. 我们选他当主席。Pick Out the stamps you like best, please. 请挑出你最喜欢的邮票。The finest products were selected and sent to the exhi-bition. 选择了最好的产品送到展览会去。【考例5】We ____ him our team leader by a show ofhands.&&&&& A. selected&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. chose&&&&& C. picked out&&&&&&&&&&&& D. elected[考查目标] 一组近义词的区别。[答案与解析]D “通过举手表决的方式推选”当然应使用elect。3. engage vt. & vi. 订婚，约定，从事于，保证，雇用，聘& 请，电话占线，有事，有活动(用过去分词作表语)& [词组] be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚(表状态)& get engaged to sb. 与某人订婚(表动作)& engage sb. (oneself) to do sth. 让某人干某事& be engaged in doing sth. = be busy doing sth. = be& busy with sth. = be up to sth. 忙于做某事& John is engaged to Mary.& 约翰和玛丽订了婚。& Father engaged an experienced man to manage his& farm.& 父亲聘请了一个有经验的人来管理农场。& -- Can you come on Sunday? 你星期天能来吗?& -- No, I'm engaged. 不能，我有事。& The line is engaged.& 电话占线。& The company has engaged to finish the building by& May.& 公司承诺保证在五月以前完成这栋楼。8. fire& (1) 动词用法：v. 点火，开火，解雇& We had no idea who fired the house.& 我们不知道谁放火烧了这座房子。& The officer ordered his men to fire at the enemy.& 军官命令士兵向敌人开枪。& The cook was fired for stealing things from the& kitchen.& 厨师因为偷厨房的东西而被解雇了。& (2) 名词用法：火，火灾，燃烧，热情(比喻说法)& They made a fire and sat around it.& 他们升起一堆火并围在一起坐着。& A fire broke out in old house last night.& 昨晚这座老房子发生一场火灾。& [注意] fire作可数名词时表示具体的“一堆火”或& “一场火灾”，作为物质名词为不可数，如：& Don't play with fire. 不要玩火。& 与 fire 搭配的词组常见的有：& catch fire 着火了(表动作)& be on fire 着火了(表状态)& set sth. on fire 使某物开始燃烧& set fire to sth. 放火烧某物& be on fire for sth. 热衷于做某事10. inform vt. 通知、告诉& 常用的句型有：& (1) inform (sb.) that...& The nurse informed us that visiting hours were over.& 护士告诉我们探视时间已经结束．& (2) inform sb. of sth.& Please inform us of the hotel where we'll stay.& 请告诉我们要住的旅馆。& (3) keep sb. informed& If anything happens, please keep me informed.& 如有事情发生，请让我们知道。【考点6】inform 的用法▲ 构词：① information n. 信息② informed adj. 有知识的；了解情况的；明智的③ well-informed adj. 消息灵通的▲ 搭配：① inform sb of / about sth 通知某人某事② a piece of information 一条／则消息③ information desk 问讯处④ information gap 信息沟／差⑤ information technology (缩写为IT)信息技术⑥ check information 核查资料▲ 句型：① inform sb that clause 通知某人……② keep sb informed of sth 让某人知道某事(被动结构& 为：sb be kept informed of sth)③ ask (sb) for information (on / about...) (向某人)打& 听(关于某事的)消息④ give sb some information about / on... 给某人提供有& 关……的消息⑤ get / gain / obtain / receive information about... 获& 得……的消息【考例6】The manager promised to keep me ____ ofhow our business was going on.&&& A. to be informed&&& B. on informing&&& C. informed&&& D. informing[考查目标] inform 的用法。[答案与解析]C& “我”和 inform 之间存在动宾关系，“我”是被通知的对象，所以 inform 应使用过去分词形式，在句中作宾补。【考点3】match的用法▲ 搭配：① have a match 举行／进行一场比赛② watch a match 看比赛③ win / lose the...match 赢／输……比赛④ (be) no match for... 不是……的对手；敌不过……▲ 辨析：fit；match suit三词都有“相配．适合”的意思，但fit表示“与……相符”或“(衣服等尺寸、形状、大小等方面) 适合”。还可作形容词，意为“称职的、适于”；match“匹配”，常指在品质、颜色、设计、性质等方面相配；suit常指颜色、花样、款式、时间、食物、口味、性格、条件、地位等合乎需要。例如：The coat fits me well. 这件上衣我穿着很合身。That blouse doesn't match your skirt. 那件女衬衫与你的裙子不相衬。The color of the cloth suits a woman at my wife's age.这布的颜色适合我妻子这样年龄的妇女穿。【考例3】(2005江西9校联考)-- How is my coat?-- I don't think the colors of the coat and hat ____.&&& A. match&&& B. suit&&& C. fit&&& D. agree[考查目标] 一组近义词区别。[答案与解析]A&& match表示“色调、形状、性质”等相配；suit 多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、条件、地位”等；fit6. observe vt. 观察，遵守，庆祝& His neighhour observed a stranger go into his house.& 他的邻居注意到一个陌生人进入他的房子。& They observed the star nying across the sky.& 他们观察到那颗星飞过天空。& They observed the old customs.& 他们遵守古老的习俗。& [注意] 后面可接不定式或现在分词，接不定式时不& 带to。【考点2】observe的用法▲ 构词：① observation n. 观察；评论② observer n. 观察者；评论者；遵守者▲ 搭配：① observe the speed limit 遵守速度限制② observe an anniversary 庆祝周年纪念日▲ 句型：observe sb do sth / observe sb doing sth▲ 友情提示：该词作“观察”解时，后接省略to的不定式或v-ing形式作补语。【考例2】It's interesting to ____ the reaction of thechildren to these changes.&&& A. look&&& B. know&&& C. watch&&& D. observe[考查目标] 动词的搭配关系及其在语境中的用法。[答案与解析]D& 根据语境应为“仔细地、有目的地观察”孩子们对这些变化所做出的反应。【考点7】present 的用法▲ 构词；presentation n. 呈现▲ 搭配：① at present 现在；目前；眼下；此刻② at the present time 现在；目前；眼下③ for the present 暂且；暂时④ present the prizes 颁奖▲ 句型：present sb with sth = present sth to sb 赠送某人某物【考例7】(2002北京)All the people ____ at theparty were his supporters.A.& present&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. thankfulC. interested&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. important[考查目标] 形容词在具体语境中的用法。[答案与解析] A&& present作形容词，意为“出席的、在场的”时，要么作表语，要么作后置定语，本句意为“参加聚会的人都是他的支持者”。7. present& 可作动词，名词和形容词，具体用法如下：& (1) 动词用法& 动词意思较多，主要意思有“提交，赠予，介绍”等。& The committee is presenting its investigation report& next week.& 委员会将于下星期提出调查报告。& They presented flowers to their teacher.& 他们献花给老师。 & (2) 名词用法& 作名词时意为“礼物；现在”& The children unwrapped their Christmas presents with& delight.& 孩子们高兴地把圣诞礼物拆开。& Everything is going on well at pmsent.& 目前一切进展良好。& (3) 形容词用法& 作形容词意为“出席的”，“到场的”，“目前的”& How many people were present at the meeting?& 会议有多少人出席?& What is your present joh?& 你现在的工作是什么?9. relate v. 有关、涉及& relate sb. / sth. 理解或同情某人(或某物)& relate...to 与……有关、涉及& I can't relate those two ideas.& 我看不出这两种看法之间的联系。& I can't relate what he does to what he says.& 我无法将他所做的与他所说的联系起来。& I simply can't relate to classical music.& 我对古典音乐简直一窍不通。4. seek (sought, sought) vt. & vi. 寻找，探索；追求，& 请求；设法，企图(跟不定式)& [词组]seek to do sth. 企图干某事& seek one's fortune 发大财& seek one's advice 征求意见& seek for solution 寻找解决方法& seek after truth 追求真理& play hide and seek 捉迷藏& seek out 找了来，找到& The travelers sought shelter from the rain.& 旅行者在找地方躲雨。& You should seek advice from your lawyer on this& matter.& 在这件事情上你应该征求律师的意见。& I have never taught to hide my views.& 我从来就没有企图隐瞒自己的观点。& He sought out his friend in the crowd.& 他在人群中找出了他那位朋友。【考点1】seek的用法▲搭配：① play hide-and-seek 捉迷藏② seek for 寻找③ seek jobs 找工作④ seek after 追求⑤ seek out 找到；挑选⑥ seek advice from sb 请教某人▲ 句型：seek to do sth 试图／企图干某事▲ 辨析：discover；find；find out；invent；look for；search；seek；make surediscover“发现”，指找到原来就存在，但没被人认识或发现的东西；也可相当于find，但比find更正式。find 强调动作的过程，通常用于找到丢失的东西，用于可以看到或感觉出来的场合。find out意为“发现，查明，弄清”。指经过询问、探查、研究后弄清楚，查明事实真相。invent“发明，创造”，指发明、创造出原来没有的东西。look for指寻找某人或物，但不一定找到，强调动作的过程。search意为“搜身，在……中搜查”．后跟被搜的对象，search for... 意为“搜寻，寻找”，后跟搜寻或寻找的目标，seek意为“寻找”，可用于seek (for) sth。makesure 和 find out 同义，但find out可以直接跟名词，而make sure 需接 of 后方可跟名词。另外 make sure 还可表达“确保”之意。后面经常接 that 引导的宾语从句。find out 则无此意。例如：We suddenly discovered that it was too late to catch thetrain. 我们突然发觉已来不及赶火车了。I finally found the missing keys in a jacket. 最后我在上衣口袋里发现了丢失的钥匙。Have you found out how much the tickets cost? 你有没有闾清楚票价?Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了灯泡。He was looking for the missing car．but he didn't findit. 他一直在找丢失的汽车，但未找到。He is searching for his key. 他正在搜寻他的钥匙。We must seek (for) solution to current problems. 我们必须寻找对目前问题的解决办法。I must go back and make sure I closed the window. 我必须回去看看我有没有关上窗户。【考例1】You should ____ advice from your lawyeron this matter.&&& A. ask&&& B. give&&& C. find&&& D. seek[考查目标] 动词的搭配关系及其在语境中的用法。[答案与解析]D& seek advice from sb.意为“向某人请教”。12. switch vt. 转换，转变；n. 开关；转换器& You drive first and then we'll switch over.& 你先驾驶，过一会儿咱们再换一下。& Could you switch the TV over?& 请你改换电视频道好吗?& 另外，switch off / on 是固定短语，意思是“切断／(接& 通)电源等”。 1. undertake (undertook, undertaken) v. 着手做，进& 行，从事；承担，接受，同意；保证，担保& Next he undertook to pay off John's debts.& 接下来他着手偿清约翰的债务。& It is good for us to undertake self-criticism often.& 经常作自我批评对我们有好处。& The question is who will undertake responsibility.& 问题是谁将承担责任。& He undertook to be our guide.& 他同意做我们的向导。& I can't undertake that you will make a profit.& 我不能保证你会获利。11. update vt. 更新；改造；使现代化；为……提供最新消& 息 (通常用于句型update sb. on sth.)& The software needs updating.& 这种软件需要更新。& The contents of the website are updated every other& day.& 该网站的内容隔天更新一次。[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(complete, curious, effort, seek, present, elect, nmtch, observe, inform)1. My deskmale studies day and night to make great____ to catch up with us.2. When Mr. Brown left the firm, the director ____ & him with a gold watch．3. One or these methods ____ to protect the earth& and reduce waste.4. The light was still on after mid-night in the room. He& was ____ to know what was happening in it.5. I wasn't ____ of the decision until too late.6. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work&for the Beijing Olympics ____ by 2006.7. I looked out through the window and ____ her& walking along the boat deck(甲板)．8. It was decided that the president should be ____ & directly in free elections．9. I've visited a lot of different places and stayed in lots&of different hotels, but none of them ____ this&one. &&& 【短语归类】【考点1】含 difference 的短语① make a / no / some, etc. difference (to sb / sth) (对& 某人／某事物有／没有／有些关系(影响)② make a difference between 区别对待③ make some difference to 对……有些(没有)关系④ have a difference in character 在性格上有差别[例句] It makes no difference t0 me which side may lose& or win. 谁输准赢对我没有什么关系。She makes a difference between her family and herwork. 她对工作和家庭是有区别的。【考例1】I'm afraid to tell you that the medicine will____ no difference to your illness。so stop takingit.&&& A. take&&& B. make&&& C. get&&& D. do[考查目标] 此题主要考查 difference 的动词搭配问题。[答案与解析]B& make a difference 是固定搭配。此时不可用其他动词。13. draw (one's) attention to sth. 对……表示注意……&&& The manager drew my attention to an error in my&&& report.&&& 经理要我注意报告中的一个错误。&&& [拓展] pay attention to 注意&&& call one's attention to sth. 叫某人注意某事& turn attention to sth．转移注意力到……【考点2】与 fire 有关的短语① be on fire 在燃烧② set fire to sth = set sth on fire 纵火，放火烧③ catch fire 着火④ make a fire 生火⑤ light a fire 点火⑥ put out a fire 灭火⑦ play with fire 玩火；冒险⑧ be on fire for 因……而激动；充满激情⑨ be full of fire 充满激情⑩ under fire 受到攻击[例句] The students are on fire for what they're learn-ing in the computer class. 学生对电脑课的学习内容充满激情。The boy is full of fire. 这孩子充满热情。The grass caught fire．and the grass was on fire for ashort time. 草燃着了，草烧了一会儿。He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火者必自焚(谚语)。▲辨析: be on fire 表示状态。而 catch fire 则表示动作-其完成时不可和段时间状语连用。【考例2】(2004 全国卷II) The forest guards often findcampfires that have not been ____ completely.&&& A. turned down&&& B. put out&&& C. put away&&& D. turned over[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词短语辨义。[答案与解析]B& turn down是“调低。拒绝”的意思；put out是“熄灭，生产，伸出”的意思；put away是“收拾”的意思；turn over是“翻过来”的意思。14. look up to 尊敬；钦佩&&& He has always looked up to his father. In his eyes he is&&& perfect.&&& 他一直尊敬他父亲。在他的眼中，他是完美的。[拓展] look down on / upon sb. 轻视、瞧不起某人【考点5】后有 to 的动词短语① lead to 通向；导致② look up to 尊敬③ stick to 坚持④ get used to 习惯于⑤ look forward to 渴望；盼望⑥ get down to 认真做某事⑦ see to 注意；着手办理⑧ pay attention to 注意⑨ devote...to 致力于；投身于⑩ belong to 属于⑨ attend to 照顾；照料⑩ object to 反对⑩ be opposed to 反对⑩ refer to 提到；参阅⑩ contribute to 对……有贡献⑩ come to 谈到；涉及⑥ adjust to 适合于[例句] The bridge leads to the island. 这座桥通向那个岛。So many spelling mistakes in the article led to great dif-ficulty in reading. 该篇文章拼写错误太多，令人看起来非常费劲。He's such a devoted teacher that we all look up to him.他是一个有奉献精神的老师，我们都尊敬他。He has never felt looked up to. 他从没有觉得有人尊敬他。The day they had been looking forward to came at last.他们渴望的那一天终于到来。The final examination is coming up soon. It's time for us&to get down to our studies. 期末考试就要来了。是我们认真学习的时候了。This mac get a mechanic to see to&it. 这台机器坏了；找个技工来检修一下。▲ 友情提示：以上短语中的to是介词．后接名词或动名词。【考例5】(2004湖北)Once a decision has been made, allof us should ____ it.&&& A. direct to&&& B. stick to&&& C. lead to&&& D. refer to[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词短语辨析。[答案与解析] B& direct本身是及物动词。后不需to。refer to的意思是“涉及，参阅．指的是”。 【考点3】与turn有关的短语① turn out 生产；结果是② turn down 关小(灯光、音量等)；拒绝③ turn to 转向；求助于④ turn up 开大(灯光、音量等)；出现，露面⑤ turn on / off 打开／关上⑥ turn aside 闪开；放在一边⑦ turn over (使)翻转；把某人交给(警方等)⑧ turn in 上缴；移交⑨ turn against 背叛⑩ turn away (from) 转过脸不看⑩ turn round 转过去[例句]She turned out six full-length novels in her life.她一生写了6部长篇小说。The beggar turned out (to be) a thief. 那个乞丐原来是个贼。That radio is pretty loud. Can you turn it down a little?收音机声音太大，你能开小一点吗?Many boys expressed their love to Mary, but sheturned them all down. 许多男孩向玛丽表达爱慕之意，但都被她拒绝了。After he left the university he became a teacher, butlater he turned to translation. 他大学毕业后当了教师，但后来转而从事翻译工作。We often turn to this handbook for information. 我们经常查阅这本手册寻找资料。He promised to come, but hasn't turned up yet. 他答应来，但尚未到。When he felt tired, he turned aside (from) his books tolisten to the radio. 感到疲劳时，他就把书放在一边去听收音机。▲ 友情提示：要准确记住不同的搭配，尤其是一个短语有多个意思的。【考例3】(2004浙江) We wanted to get home beforedark, but it didn't quite ____ as planned.&&& A. make out&&& B. turn out&&& C. go on&&& D. come up[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词短语的辨义。[答案与解析]B& make out有“弄清楚。明白”的惠思；turn out 的意思是“结果是．证明是”；go on 的意思是“继续”!come up 的意思是“过来，走来”。题意是：我们原来想在天黑前到家，但结果并不像预计的那样。【考点4】what 短语① what if 如果……将会怎样?② what for 为了什么，干什么用③ what about... ……怎么样?[例句] What if she finds out you've lost her book? 如果她发现你弄丢了她的书将会是怎样呢?What did you do that for? 你干吗做那件事?What about having a rest? 休息一会儿怎么样?【考例4】(2004全国卷I)-- Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?-- ____?&&& A. What for&&& B. What is it&&& C. How is it&&& D. How come[考查目标] 此题主要考查交际用语。[答案与解析] A& 根据语境。答语中问的是目的。该句其实是个省略句，补全后的完整句子是：I go and emptythat drawer for what。what提前构成疑问句就成了what for 或 for what。[牛刀小试2]1. The military (军事) action, against lraq, ____ && against the wish of the peace-loving people all over&& the world, broke the international law.&&&&& A. turned out&&&&&&&&&&&& B. carried out&&&&& C. coming out&&&&&&&&&&& D. taking out2. ____ a difference which you choose.&&&&& A. There's&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. What has&&&&& C. It makes&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. That does3. Our teacher, ____, is full of knowledge and&& kind.&&&&& A. looking about&&&&&&&&& B. looked about&&&&& C. looking after&&&&&&&&&& D. looked up to4. ____ we move the picture over there.'? Do you&& think it'll look better?&&&&& A. What for&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. How about&&&&& C. What if&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. If5. ____ him she often turns for advice in critical&& moments.&&&&& A. To&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. For&&&&& C. At&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. Over&&& ☆词语比较☆1. observe, watch& 当“观察”来讲时，observe相当于watch carefully，尤& 其用于实验或研究等场合。& 具体来说，observe含有“察觉到”的意思，watch意为& “盯着看”。& watch 还含有“观看(比赛、电视)”等，而observe没有& 此意。另外，watch还有“照料”之意，相当于take& care of。还有“当心”之意，相当于be careful with。& She has observed the stars all her life.& 她一生都在观察星星。& I'll watch the baby while you are away.& 你不在时，由我照料你女儿。& You'd better watch Mr Smith, I think he is a thief.& 你最好当心史密斯先生，我想他是个贼。2. be known for, be known as, be known to& beknown for 以……出了名 (通常不是指同位的关& 系)& be known as 作为……出了名 (通常加上职业名词，& 表同位关系)& be known to 为……所知& Japan is known for its cars.& 日本以它的汽车而闻名。& Luxun is known as a writer.& 鲁迅作为作家很出名。& As is known to all, China has four famous invitations.& 众所周知，中国有四大著名的发明。3. elect, select, choose& elect 只能用于选举人，是投票选举的正式用语。& They elected Nixon President. 他们选尼克松为总统。& choose 可用于挑选人或物。& It's hard for me to choose one from s0 many pairs of& shoes.& 要从这么多双鞋子当中挑选一双对我来说真是太难了。& select 意为精心挑选，多用于物。& She selected a pair of socks to match her suit.& 他精心挑选了一双袜子来与衣服搭配。4. burn down, burn up, burn out&&& bum down 指“烧为平地，烧毁”；也指“火力减弱”。&&& The house was burnt down in an hour.& 房子一小时被烧为平地。& bum up 有“烧旺”之意，也可指“消耗掉”。& You'd better put more wood on the fire to make it burn& up.& 你最好往火上添着柴，让它烧旺。& bum out 指“火熄灭”。& The fire had burnt out before I returned.& 在我回来前，火已经熄灭了。&&& ☆句型诠释☆1. By asking why，how and what if, curious minds find& new ideas and solutions.& What if...? 如果……怎么办呢／样?& What if...? 相当于What would happen if...? 或 What& should we do if...?& What if father knows the rmult?& 要是父亲知道了结果会怎么样呢?& What if the rumour is true?& 万一谣传是真的呢?2. It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis& of the obvious.& 分析显而易见的事物需要非凡的头脑。& It takes (sb.) sth. to do sth. 为固定句式。take意为& “花费、需要”。& It took unusual courage and determination to break& away from his family.& 与他的家庭决裂需要非凡的勇气与决心。& Perseverance is a kind of quality ― and that is what it& takes to do things well.& 毅力是一种品质 ― 是做好一切事情所需要的东& 西。3. There did not seem much point in working on my PhD&& -- I did not expect to survive that long.& 取得博士学位似乎没有什么意义了，我已经不指望& 活那么久了。& There is / seems no point in doing sth. 表示“做某事没& 有作用或意义”。& There is no point in arguing further.& 继续争执下去没有意义。& Begin your work now. There is no point in wasting& time.& 现在开始工作吧，浪费时间没有用。4. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kindof life he has always dreamt of.他也没有让病痛妨碍自己过梦寐以求的生活。Nor此处用法相当于neither，表示否定，意为“也不”，放句首时句子倒装；表示肯定用so。They haven't yet visited the museum. Nor / Neither& have we.& 他们还没参观过这个博物馆。我们也没有参观过。& They have visited the museum. So have we.& 他们参观过这个博物馆。我们也参观过。5. ...it was the first time that I had written with real& passion and becaase it made me realize that everyone's& life is unique.& 我之所以喜欢这篇报道，是因为这是我第一次满怀& 热情去写的，这使我认识到每个人的生活都各县特& 色。& It / This / That is the first time (that)...是固定句& 型。该句型的that从句中通常用完成时态。& This is the first time that I have been here in China.& 这足我第一次到中国来。& [拓展] the first time 可充当从属连词的作用，引起& 时间状语从句。& The first time I saw her, I fell in love with her.& 我第一次见她就爱上了她。6. The result is a better understanding of the world on all& sides, leading to a future world where people from all& countries are respected and different views and& opinions are tolerated.& 结果大家就能够对世界的方方面面有更好的认识，& 以至于在未来的世界里，所有国家的人都能够得到& 尊重，所有不同的观点和意见都能够受到包容。& leading to... 为状语，表示结果。& The child slipped and fell down, hitting his head& against the door.& 那孩子滑了一跤，头碰到了门上。& [注意] 现在分词作结果状语时表示必然的结果，而& 不定式作状语表示出乎意料的结果。& One day I went shopping and came back to find my& front wheel missing.& 有一天我买东西，回来时发现我的车前轮不见了。7. Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers& outside the factory and left a positive message about& protecting the earth.& 这些勇敢坚强的活跃人士在厂外与该厂工人举行& 了会谈，并就如何保护地球提出了积极的建议。& 此句是形容词作方式状语。& Stone-faced， the captain ordered to reduce speed.& 船长面无表情地下达了减速的命令。& [拓展] 形容词或形容词短语还可在句中充当以下& 状语成分。& (1) 原因状语& Too nervous to reply, he stared at the floor.& 他紧张得不能回答，只是凝望着地板。& (2) 条件状语& Fresh from the oven, rolls are delicious.& 面包卷如果是刚出炉的，则会很香。& (3) 时间状语& Ripe, these apples are sweet.& 这些苹果熟了的时候是很甜的。& (4) 句子状语 (对句子内容加以评注)& Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all.& 说也奇怪，他竟然通过了考试。& More important, he has got a steady job.& 更重要的是，他得到了一份稳定的工作。8. They build a theory about the way in which things& happen and the causes and effects.& 他们推出了一个理沦用来说明事物是如何发生和导& 致结果的。& 句中的先行词 the way 后引导的定语从句，可用in& which / that或省略关系代词的形式。& I don't like the way (in which / that) he speaks to his& father.& 我不喜欢他和他的父亲说话的方式。9. More than ninety responsible and caring citizens，made&&& their voices heard today.&&& 九十多位富有责任心的市民让人们听到了他们的心&&& 声。&&& make one's voice heard 等于 make oneself heard (把意&&& 见说给别人听)，过去分词作宾补，与宾语存在逻辑上&&& 的被动关系。如：make oneself known (作自我介绍)&&& make oneself understood (使人嫂解自己)。&&& 类似的用法：&&& All these things made him interested in history.这些东西都使他对历史发生了必趣。【句型归纳】【考点1】Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be&understood. 世上没有可怕的事情。只有需要了解的事情。该句中的不定式作表语，表示“应该，必须”。例如：The form is to be filled in and returned within three&weeks. 表格必须在三周内填好并返回。① be to do 也可用来表示预先的较为正式的严肃的“计& 划，安排”。例如：& Their daughter is to be married soon. 他们的女儿很& 快就要结婚了。② 有时指并非事先做好的安排，而是指命运，即命中注& 定的事情。③ was / were + to have done 表示本来计划做某事而& 未做。④ 用来表示命令、指示、劝告；在通知和注意事项里，常& 用is / are + to be done。例如：& You are to do your homework before you watch TV.& 看电视之前先把作业做了。⑤ 用于条件句中表示“想要(如何)”。【考例 1】(2001上海)In such dry weather, the flowers&will have to be watered if they ____.&&& A. have survived&&& B. are to survive&&& C. would survive&&& D. will survive[考查目标]本题考查条件状语从句中谓语动词的形式。[答案与解析]B& 在条件状语从句中，不能用将来时，须用一般时替代，所以首先排除C、D两项。选项A用的现在完成时，它表示的动作应发生在谓语动词的动作之前；选项B用的加 + to do，这种结构中，be是系动词，to do 作表语，是一般现在时，在这里表示假设，即“这么干旱的天气，要让花儿活下来的话只有浇水。”【考点2】Only by discovering what we do best can we hopeto reach our goals and truly make a difference. 只有发现我们的专长。我们才有希望达到自己的目标而真正有所作为。该句中，要注意句型：Only + 副词／副词短语／状语从句+ 助动词 + 主语 + 其他。例如：Only by working hard can we succeed. 只有努力工作，我们才能取得成功。【考例2】(2003上海春招)Only in this way ____ to&make improvement in the operation system. &&& A. you can hope&&& B. you did hope&&& C. can you hope&&& D. did you hope[考查目标]本题考查“Only + 状语置于句首引起部分倒装”的用法。[答案与解析]C& 因为only放在句首，且修饰状语时，句子应采用部分倒装，即把谓语的一部分倒装至主语之前，再根据句子的意思“只有这种方法我们才能改进这个操作系统”得出正确答案。【考点3】I like the story because it was the first time thatI had written with real passion and because it made merealize that everyone's life is different. 我之所以喜欢这篇报道，是因为这是我第一次满怀热情去写的，这使我认识到每个人的生活都各具特色。该句中It / This / That + be + the first time (that)…是一重要句型，表示“是某人第一次做某事”。例如：This is the first time that l have visited China. 这是我第一次到中国访问。注意：The first time (that)... 表示“第一次……时，……”，起从属连词的作用。The first time I went to Beijing, I visited the SummerPalace. 我第一次到北京时，就参观了颐和同。【考例3】(1998上海)I thought her nice and honest&&& ____ I met her.&&& A. first time&&& B. for the first time&&& C. the first time&&& D. by the first time[考查目标]本题主要考查the first time作连词引导状语从句的用法。[答案与解析]C& 选项A中的first time欠缺定冠词the；选项B中的for the first time 表示“第一次”，只用于状语，不接状语从句。如选它，则整个句子变为并列关系；选项D中多了by。[牛刀小试3]1. Only by taking a taxi ____ on time.&&& A. you can arrive there&&& B. arrive there you can&&& C. can you arrive there&&& D. there you can arrive2. ____ I met her, she was working only in a small& factory.&&& A. The first time&&& B. For the first time&&& C. At the first time&&& D. At first3. Much of the work is ____ before sunset.&&& A. finished&&& B. to finish it&&& C. being finished&&& D. to be finished4. Only when your identity has been checked ____.&&& A. you are allowed in&&& B. you will be allowed in&&& C. will you allow in&&& D. will you be allowed in&&& 【交际速成】【考点1】表示欣赏和赞扬以及相对应的答语-- You've given us a wonderful Chinese dinner, Mrs.& Wang.& -- ____. &&& A. Oh, I'm afraid I didn't cook very well&&& B. I'm glad you enjoyed it&&& C. Come again when you are free&&& D. It's not necessary for you to say so[答案与解析]B& 对于别人的欣赏和赞扬，英语思维和中文思维的模式有很大区别。中文思维过程一般都要谦虚在先，而英语则很直接地表达出自己内心的想法。A、D两项都属于中文的谦虚表达方式，不可选。C项不符合英文思维模式。故正确答案是B项。【归纳】英语中一般不用掩饰自己内心的高兴的情感，对于别人的赞赏要回答得落落大方，常见的表达有：① That's nice of...② I'm glad you like it.③ Thank you．④ It's very kind of you to say so. 例如：-- You look very smart in this suit. 你穿这身衣裳显得很精神。-- Really? I'm glad to hear that. 真的?我就爱听这话。【考点2】征询对方意见或看法及相应的回答(NMET 2000)-- What about having a drink?&&& -- ____. &&& A. Good idea&&& B. Help yourself&&& C. G0 ahead，please&&& D. Me, too[答案与解析]A& 本题主要考查的是，当别人征求你的意见和看法时，你该如何作答。针对题干问话，B、C、D三项都不符合题意．只有A项表明你乐意接受了对方的提议。故只有A项正确。【归纳】在英语中用来征询对方意见或看法的表达有很多，例如：① what do you think of / about...?② How do you like / find / enjoy...?③ What's your opinion?④ Do you think...?用来作答的有：① Good idea.② Good / Great. ③ Why not?④ Let's. 例如：-- Harry, shall we go to beach for the week? 哈里，周末我们去海边，好吗?-- OK. Let's. 好啊。【考点3】表达自己的意见和看法(2004天津)-- How often do you eat out?-- ____, but usually once a week．&&& A. Have no idea&&& B. It depends&&& C. As usual&&& D. Generally speaking[答案与解析]B& “It depends”意为“视情况而定”。通过对话中usually的理解，可以排除C、D两项。根据题中的but，可以得出A项与题意不符。故只有B项正确。【归纳】英语中用来表达自己的意见和看法的方式根据态度分为肯定的，也有否定的，常用的有：① I guess / think / suppose(not)② I would rather...(not)③ I'm very sorry, but...④ I (don't) think we should... 例如：-- Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? 你& 认为周末会下雨吗?-- I believe not. 我想不会。又如：-- Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽烟你介意吗?-- I'd rather you didn't. 但愿你别抽。[牛刀小试4]1. -- I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr.&&& Smith.&&& -- ____.&&& A. Oh, no. Let's not&&& B. I'd rather stay at home&&& C. I'm sorry, but I have other plans&&& D. Oh, no. That's too much trouble2. -- You haven't been to Beijing，have you?-- ____. How I wish to go there! (NMET 1998)&&& A．Yes，1 have&&& B．Yes，I haven't&&& C．No，I have&&& D．No，I haven't3. -- Can l get you a cup of tea?& -- ____. (NMET 1998)&&& A. That's very nice of you&&& B. With pleasure&&& C. You can，please&&& D. Thank you for the tea4. -- I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to&&& her.-- ____. It was her fault. (NMET 2003)&&& A. No way&&& B. Not possible&&& C. No chance&&& D. Not at all5. -- The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?& -- ____. (2003北京)&&& A. I guess not so&&& B. I don't guess&&& C. I don't guess so&&& D. I guess not&&& ☆精典题例☆(&&& )1. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only&& ____ the film stars had left. (2004 福建)&&& A. to tell&&& B. be told&&& C. telling&&& D. told&&& 【解析】选B& 该题考查不定式做结果状语的用法。不定式前有only，just等词，后跟不定式通常表结果。又因为记者们应该是被告知，所以用不定式的被动式。(& )2. Having been in in bed for nearly a month, they&&& had a hard time ____ the exam. (2004福建)&&& A. pass&&& B. to pass&&& C. passed&&& D. passing&&& 【解析】选D&&& 该题考查句型 have a hard time (in)doing。(& )3. He hasn't slept at all for three days. ____ he is&&& tired out. (2005 湖北)&&& A. There is no point& B. There is no need&&& C. It is no wonder&&& D. It is no way&&& 【解析】选C&& 依题意“他三天没睡，难怪他累极了。”There is no point in doing sth. 是本单元的句型，意为：做某事没有作用或意义；而There is no need in doing sth. 没有必要做某事；It is no wonder 没什么大惊小怪；It is no way没可能。(&&& )4. The disc digitally ____ in the studio sounded&&& fantastic at the party that night. (2004上海)&&& A. recorded&&& B. recording&&& C. to be recorded&&& D. having recorded&&& 【解析】选A& 通过分析句子，该题句子的谓语显然是sounded，因此recorded只能是非谓语，所以选A，考查过去分词在句中做定语的用法，recorded 相当于 which wasrecorded。(& )5. ____ I know the money is safe, I shall not&&& worry about it. (2003北京)&&& A. Even though&&& B. Unless&&& C. As long as&&& D. While&&& 【解析】选C& 句意为“只要我知道钱是安全的，我就不会担心。”even though“即使”；unless“除非”；while“当……时候”，它们都同句意不吻合。(&&& )& 6. We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly&&& the stoma started. (2004北京春季)&&& A. when&&& B. while&&& C. until&&& D. before&&& 【解析】选A& 该题考查连词的用法。该句的意思是：当我们正在湖里游泳的时候，突然暴风雨开始了。when表示“这时(突然)”的意思，这种用法when一般放句末。(&&& )7. Ol prices have risen by 32 percent sinee the start&&& of the year, ____ a record US$57.65 a barrel&&& on April 4. (2005山东)&&& A. have reached&&& B. reaching&&& C. to reach&&& D. to be reaching&&& 【解析】选B& 分词在句中做结果状语，可参见本单元的句型6。(& )8. ____ the pot for me, and don't let the milk&&& come out. I'll be back soon.&&& A. Observe&&& B. Notice&&& C. Watch&&& D. Look out&&& 【解析】选C&& watch 表示集中精力“照料，监视”，本句意为“帮我看着壶，别让牛奶溢出来。”；observe意为“观察”，表示动作；Notice指“注意到”表示结果；look out后面不能接宾语。
本资料来源于《七彩教育网》高二 Units 3 - 4☆重点句型☆&1. I prefer living in a modern flat.&2. What words and phrases do you think will be useful ...&3. I wouldn't feel happy living in a block of apartments.&4. Every great culture in the past had its own ideasof&&&& beauty expressed in art and literature.&5. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered&&&& by a gray net of steel.&6. A is to B what C is to B.&7. Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated,&&&&& something of the spirit of the original work is lost.&8. More than any other form of literature, poetry plays&&&& with ,sounds, words and grammar.&9. Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic poets.&&& ☆重点词汇☆1. preference n. 偏爱，喜好，优先2. design vt. & n. 设计；样式，款式3. furniture (U) n. 家具(总称)4. taste v. & n. 尝；味道，鉴赏力5. convenient adj. 方便的6. stand v. 站，忍受，承担7. impress vt. 使感动，使……留下印象8. create vt. 创造，创建，创作9. intention n. 意图，打算，目的10. sort vt. & n. 分类；种类，类型11. absence n. 缺席，缺乏，不在12. instruction n. 序言，介绍，引进13. extraordinary adj. 特别的，惊人的14. recommend vt. 推荐，介绍15. atmosphere n. 气氛，大气16. translation n. 翻译，译文17. glory n. 荣誉，光荣18. style n. 风格，作风，文体19. paint vt. & n. 涂颜料，绘画；颜料，涂料20. recite n. 背诵，朗诵21. embrace n. 拥抱22. tale n. 传说，传闻，故事23. essay n. 论文，散文，随笔24. literature n. 文学&&& ☆重点短语☆1. go against 违背，不利于2. stand close to 接近，靠近
3. pull down 拆毁，推毁 4. compare with 与……比较5. act as 充当，扮演，担当6. belong to 属于7. fill up with 用……填满8. call up 打电话，唤起，使想起9. stand out 突出，显眼10. remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起，提醒某人某事11. lead to 通往，导致12. get through 通过，完成，接通(电话)13. send for 派人请……，叫人拿……14. contribute...to 贡献给……，向……投稿15. come into being 形成，产生16. join...to 把……和……连起来17. serve the purpose 管用，解决问题18. set...aside 把……放在一边&&& ☆交际用语☆1. I'd prefer living in a modem flat.2. I'd rather live in a traditional siheyuan.3. I'm much more interested in doing sth.4. I wouldn't feel happy if 1 lived in a block.5. I don't get very excited about old-style houses.6. What I like is ...7. I can' t stand doing sth.☆词汇短语☆11. absence n. 缺席，缺乏，不在& 形容词 absent，通常与 from 连用。反义词分别为& presence (n.)，present(adj.)。& Her absence from the meeting made the manager& disappointed.& 她没到会使经理感到失望。& In the absence of water, plants don't grow.& 没有水植物无法生长。1. design vt. 设计，计划；n. 款式，没计& (1) 动词用法& The tower is perfectly designed.& 这座塔设计完美。& Was it designed, or did it just happen?& 这是预先计划好的，还是偶然发生的?& (2) 名词用法& The suit of cbtheslooks beautifulin design.& 这套服装样式看上去很漂亮。& His design wasn't accepted.& 他的设计未被接受。【考点1】design 的用法▲ 句型：sth be designed to do sth... ……的目的是……【考例 1】(2001上海春招) The new suspension bridge ____ &&& by the end of last month.&&& A. has been designed&&& B. had been designed&&& C. was designed&&& D. would be designed[考查目标]动词的时态与语态在语境中的实际运用。[答案与解析]B& by the end of 短语应该使用完成时态，而last month暗示应该使用过去时态。故此综合两个条件必须使用过去完成时态。【考点7】disturb的用法▲ 构词：distur bing adj. 烦扰的▲ 辨析： interrupt两词都是动词，含有“打扰”的意思，但disturb强调扰乱、妨碍安静、平静或正常的秩序。而interrupt则强调使工作、谈话等中断。例如：The noise disturbs us day and night. 噪音日夜扰乱着我们。I'm sorry to interrupt but there is a phone call for you.真对不起打扰你．有电话找你。【考例7】Sorry to ____ you，but your mother iswaiting outside.&&& A. break&&& B. interrupt&&& C. stop&&& D. disturb[考查目标] 考查相关词汇的辨析与运用。[答案与解析]B& disturb表示“扰乱、妨碍安静、平静或正常的秩序”。而 interrupt 则强调“使工作、谈话等中断”。stop 表示“停止、阻止”；break 表示“打破、中止”。【考点8】feel 的用法▲ 构词：① feeling n. 感觉；知觉；触觉② feelings n. 心情；感情；情绪▲ 搭配：① feel one's way (in the dark) (在黑暗中)摸索着前进② feel oneself = be oneself 感到合适／正常／舒服③ feel / be proud of 以……自豪④ hurt one's feelings 伤某人的感情▲ 句型：① sb feel sth 摸……；感觉到……② sb feel + that clause 认为……③ sb feel + adj. 感到如何……④ sth feel + adj. 摸起来……⑤ It feels + adj. + to do 做某事……感觉……⑥ fee + 宾语 + 宾补 (由n. / adj. / prep. / phrase / do& sth / doing sth / done / to be n. / adj. 充当)觉得& ……；感到……⑦ sb feel it adj. / n. to do / that clause 觉得……⑧ sb feel like (doing) sth 感到想(干)某事；感到像是& ……样子 sth feel like sth 某物摸起来像什么⑨ feel + 地点状语 + for sth 在……中摸……⑩ feel as if / though 觉得好像，觉得似乎⑩ feel / be sure that... 确信……⑩ have a feeling that... 有……的感觉；觉得……【考例8】(NMET 1996) I love to go to the seaside insummer. It ____ good to lie in the sun or swim inthe cool sea.&&& A. does&&& B. feels&&& C. gets&&& D. makes[考查目标] 考查动词与句型的固定搭配。[答案与解析]B& 本题考查：1. It is / feels good to dosth与 It does good to sb 的用法区别；2. 系表结构知识。先排除A项，因为 to 在本句中为动词不定式而不是介词；而 C、D 两项没有此类搭配。【考点4】glance 的用法▲搭配：glance at 匆匆一看；一瞥▲辨析：& stare三词均与“看”有关，但glance意为“一瞥，看一眼，粗略地看一看”。指看的结果。glare意为“瞪视，凝视”，指愤怒或威胁地凝视，强调威胁或敌对的态度。stare意为“注视，凝视”，指目不转睛地盯着看。带有好奇、惊喜、沉思或恐惧等感情，常有意或无意地带有贬义。例如：He glanced at his watch and left in a hurry. 他看了看表，然后匆忙离开了。They didn't fight, but stood there glaring at each oth―er. 他们没有打起来。但却站在那儿怒目而视。"I'm going to get married." he said. I stared at him indisbelief. “我要结婚了。”他说。我盯着他，难以置信。【考例4】I only ____ at your work, but it seems tobe good. &&& A. glared&&& B. glanced&&& C. stared&&& D. gazed[考查目标] 考查四个同义词的辨析与运用。[答案与解析] B& glance意为“一瞥，看一眼，粗略地看一看”．指看的结果。glare意为“瞪视。凝视”，指愤怒或威胁地凝视。强调威胁或敌对的态度。stare意为“注视，凝视”．常有意或无意地带有贬义。gaze表示注意力很集中。结合上下文的意思应该选B项。【考点4】glance 的用法▲搭配：glance at 匆匆一看；一瞥▲辨析：& stare三词均与“看”有关，但glance意为“一瞥，看一眼，粗略地看一看”。指看的结果。glare意为“瞪视，凝视”，指愤怒或威胁地凝视，强调威胁或敌对的态度。stare意为“注视，凝视”，指目不转睛地盯着看。带有好奇、惊喜、沉思或恐惧等感情，常有意或无意地带有贬义。例如：He glanced at his watch and left in a hurry. 他看了看表，然后匆忙离开了。They didn't fight, but stood there glaring at each oth―er. 他们没有打起来。但却站在那儿怒目而视。"I'm going to get married." he said. I stared at him indisbelief. “我要结婚了。”他说。我盯着他，难以置信。5. impress vt. 使留下印象，使感动& 名词：impression& impress主要搭配有：& (1) impress sb. with sth. 或be impressed with / by& The girI impressed her friend with her sense of humor.& 这女孩的幽默感给她的朋友留下深刻的印象。& All present were impressed with / by his noble need.& 所有在场的人都被他的崇高行为感动。& (2) impress sth. on / upon sb.& Hetried to impress everything he had explained upon& us.& 他试图要我们把他所解释的内容都记住。& (3) 名词用法& Hemade a strongimpression on me.& 他给我留下很深的印象。【考点5】impress 的用法▲ 构词：impression n. 印象▲ 搭配：① be impressed with / by... 受感动② impress sth on sb 让明白 (……重要性)【考例5】(2003上海春招) The speech by the mayor ofShanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 isstrongly impressed ____ my memory.&&& A. to&&& B. over&&& C. by&&& D. on[考查目标]考查动词 impress 与介词的搭配关系。[答案与解析]D& impress sth on sb.为一个固定短语，意思为“让明白……重要性”。【考点6】stick 的用法▲ 搭配：① stick to 坚持；粘住；固守② be / get stuck 卡住；陷在中间；处于困境10. invited“被吸引的，被引诱的”，是invite的过去分词。& invite v. 邀请；征求(意见等)；吸引；引起，招致(坏的& 事物)& I invited all my relatives to my birthday party.& 我邀请了所有的亲戚参加我的生日晚会。& Mter the speech, he invited questions and suggestions& from us. & 讲完话之后，他征询我们的问题和意见。& The dishes look inviting.& 这些菜看起来很诱人。& Leaving your car unlocked is just inviting trouble!& 汽车不上锁纯粹是自找麻烦!9. Man-made 人造的& 由“名词 + 过去分词”构成，做定语修饰名词，表示被& 动，如：a snow-covered mountain (大雪覆盖的山)。& 表示被动做定语的构词还有“副词 + 过去分词”，如：& a newly-built house (一座新建的房子)。& 另外，“名词 + 现在分词”做定语表示主动意义。如a& peace-loving people (一个爱好和平的民族)；& 表示主动意义的还有“形容词 + 过去分词”，如：a& warm-hearted lady (一个热心的女士)& “形容词 + 现在分词”如：a easy-going girl (一个随和& 的女孩)。【考点2】sale 的用法▲构词：① salesgirl 女销售员② salesboy 男销售员③ salesman / saleswoman 售货员；推销员▲ 搭配：① on sale 在(削价)销售，(有货)售卖；上市② for sale 待售，出售的③ a sales manager / director 销售部经理／主任④ sales tax 销售税⑤ sales department 销售部；门市部▲ 句型：sth enjoy / have a large / good sale = sth sellwell某物销路好；某物销量大；畅销▲ 友情提示：sale作定语时需用复数形式sales。【考例2】The old man has a three-bedroom and one-diningroom house ____.&&&& A. for sale&&&&&&&&& B. for sales&&&& C. on sales&&&&&&&&& D. for sell[考查目标] 考查短语的固定搭配。[答案与解析] A& “待售，出售的”的固定短语为 forsale。【考点3】stand的用法▲ 搭配：① stand for 代表；意味着，是……缩写；代替；象征；支& 持② stand out 显眼；醒目；突出；杰出，出色③ stand by 袖手旁观；忠于坚守④ stand up 起立，站起⑤ stand up for 为某人／某事说话、工作等；支持某人／某& 事【考例3】Richard became quite angry by the time Hildaturned up. He ____ in the rain for half an hour&waiting for her.&&& A. stopped&&& B. has expected&&& C. has been sitting D. had stood[考查目标] 考查动词在实际语境中的运用。[答案与解析]D for 短语经常使用完成时态，先排除A项；根据句子上下文中的意思“他一直站在雨中等她使得他生气”。3. stand vi. 竖立，位于 vt. 使站立，忍受& (1) 不及物用法& There stands an ancient in front of my house.& 我的房子前面立着一棵古树。& The room has stood empty for months.& 这间房间空了好几个月了。& 注：stand后接形容词相当于stay / remain + adj. 用& 法，表示主语处于一种状态。& (2) 及物用法& I can't stand being laughed at in public.& 我不能忍受在公共场合被人讥笑。& He couldn't stand that old wo she& talked too much.& 他不能忍受隔壁的老太太，她太唠叨了。& 注：stand不用于被动语态和进行时态；与can / could& 连用，后面常接名词、动名词。【考点6】stick 的用法▲ 搭配：① stick to 坚持；粘住；固守② be / get stuck 卡住；陷在中间；处于困境【考例6】(2004湖北) Once a decision has been made,all of us should ____ it.&&& A. direct to&&& B. stick to&&& C. lead to&&& D. refer to[考查目标]考查短语在具体语境中的运用。[答案与解析]B& direct to表示“对准”；stick to 表示“坚持”；lead to 表示“通向”；refer to 表示“参考”。结合上下文应该表示坚持。【考点7】disturb的用法▲ 构词：distur bing adj. 烦扰的▲ 辨析： interrupt两词都是动词，含有“打扰”的意思，但disturb强调扰乱、妨碍安静、平静或正常的秩序。而interrupt则强调使工作、谈话等中断。例如：The noise disturbs us day and night. 噪音日夜扰乱着我们。I'm sorry to interrupt but there is a phone call for you.真对不起打扰你．有电话找你。[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(design, stick, feel, impress)1. What ____ me most was the high speed of indus-&& trial development in Shanghai.2. The course is ____ to improve the students'& writing abilities in a short time.3. The theory which he ____ to proved to be cor-&& rect.4. -- Do you like the material?&& -- Yes, it ____ very soft.&&& 【短语归类】【考点3】含 as 的动词短语① experience...as = consider...as = look upon / on…as& = treat...as 把……认为是② act as 担任；起……的作用③ serve as 当，充当④ work as 当，充当⑤ use...as把……用作……[例句] The theory is experienced as very advanced. 这个理论被认为是非常高深的．He acted as chairman in my absence. 我不在时他担任主席。He serves as a waiter in a restaurant. 他在一家餐馆里当服务员。【考例 3】Classroom testing, if well down, most certain―ly ____ as a stimulus (刺激) to study and reallearning.&&& A. uses&&& B. looks&&& C. acts&&& D. does[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语动词的辨义问题。[答案与解析]C& 弄清题意。准确地判断空白处的意义。题意是：课堂测试，如果做得好的话，一定会对学习和真正的学习有刺激作用。也就是说，课堂测试可以充当刺激。A项应该使用被动态，B、D两项则不能和 as 构成搭配。2. call up 打电话，唤醒，使人想起& The sound of seagulls called up his happy memories of& his childhood.& 海鸥的叫声唤起他对童年的幸福的记忆。& Please call me up at five.& 请五点叫醒我 (或：五点打电话给我)& 已学与 call 常见的搭配还有：& call off (取消，挂断电话)& call at / on (拜访某地／某人)& call for (要求，来找某人)& call in (召集，召来)【考点4】含 come into 的动词短语① come into being 形成；产生② come into effect / force 开始实施；生效③ come into use / service 开始使用④ come into power 开始执政；上台⑤ come into view / sight 进入视线⑥ come into fashion 开始流行[例句] Romanticism didn't come into being until in thelate 18 century in Europe. 浪漫主义运动直到18世纪未期才产生于欧洲。The new seat-beh regulations came into effect lastweek. 使用安全带的新规定于上周生效。【考例4】 The church gate came into ____ as werounded the next corner.&&& A. being&&& B. service&&& C. effect&&& D. view[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词搭配问题。[答案与解析]D& 题意：我们又拐了一个弯时，教堂的大门映入了我们的眼帘。4. go against 违反，违背(意愿、原则等)；对……不利& (无被动形式) & I'm not to go against my own family.& 我不会背离我自己的家人的。& He was afraid that the hattie would go against them.& 他害怕那场战斗会对他们不利。6. keep out (of) 挡住，不让进& He closed the window t0 keep the wind out (of the& house).& 他关上窗户不让风进来(进房子)。& The sign says "Keep out!"& 牌子上写着：“请勿入内!”& 类似用法：keep off 别碰，避开& You'd better keep off the sweet food.& 你最好少吃甜食。& Keep offthe grass!& 请勿践踏草地!【考点 1】含look的短语① look at 看待；考虑；检查② look around / about 环顾③ look up 查阅；仰视④ look into 调查⑤ look on 旁观⑥ look back on 回顾，回想⑦ look down upon / on 看不起；鄙视⑧ look over 翻阅；复习；检查⑨ look to 照顾；注意⑩ look up to 尊敬⑩ 1ook forward to 盼望；预计会有⑥ look out for 提防；当心⑩ look on / upon...as... 把……看作……⑩ look like 看上去像⑥ look for 寻找⑩ look sb. up and down 上下打量某人⑥ look after 照看；照料⑩ look ahead 向前看⑩ look out 小心：看外面④ look through 浏览；检查[例句] That's the way I look at it．那就是我看待这事的方式。When all the facts have been looked up, pass them onto me. 所有事实查出后，转交给我。The police are looking into the records of all those in―volved in the crime. 警方正在调查所有涉嫌这起犯罪的记录。Looking back on it, one realizes that it was far from be―ing a satisfactory conference. 回顾过去，人们会意识到那不是一次成功的会议。【考例1】In order to get a better solution. I think we'dbetter ____ the question from all sides.&&& A. look out&&& B. look up&&& C. look for&&& D. look at[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语动词的搭配问题。[答案与解析]D不同的介词或副词搭配，有不同的意义。look out 查处，找出；当心，注意。look for 寻找。7. send for 派人请，叫人拿& We sent for the document this morning.& 我们今天上午派人去取这份文件。& -- Will somebody go and get Dr. White?& 有人去请怀特医生了吗?& -- He's already been sent for.& 已经派人去了。& 与 send 的常见搭配有：& send off (发出) send up (发射) send out (发出)等。8. set aside 把……放在一边；留出& He set aside his book and lit a cigarette.& 他把书放在一边，点燃一支香烟。& Each month she tried to set aside part of her salary.& 每月他都设法留出工资的一部分。& aside 其他常见用法还有：& stand aside (靠边站)& move aside (移到旁边)& put sth. aside for sb. (把某物留给某人)【考点2】含 up 的动词短语① call up 召唤；调动；使人想起；打电话给② light up 照亮；变得高兴起来③ fill up 填写；盛满④ take up 占用；拿起；从事⑤ pick up 拾起；接送；听到；学会[例句] Your letter calls up the days when we workedtogether in the countryside 20 years ago. 你的信使人想起20年前我们在一起工作的日子。Sue's face lighted up when she heard the good news. 听到这个好消息时，苏流露出愉快的面容。The room soon filled up with people. 房间里不久就挤满了人。She's taken up flower-decoration at evening classes. 她在夜校学习插花。【考例2】It has been raining harder and harder for quitea few days. The village seemed to be in danger of beingflooded．Mr Smith decided to ____ all the youngmen in the village to strengthen the river bank.&&& A. call in&&& B. call up&&& C. call at&&& D. call for[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词辨义问题。[答案与解析]B& call in 召进，请进。call at (a place)访问(某地)。call / or需要，去接。【考点5】副词短语① far from 完全不．远不② next to 儿乎；仅次于③ in a hurry 匆忙；很快地[例句] The problem is far from (being) easy. 这个问题完全不容易。Papering the ceiling proved next to impossible without aladder. 用纸糊天花板没有梯子儿乎是不可能的。She dressed herself in a hurry. 她匆匆地穿上衣服。▲友情提示：far from 后可接名词、形容词，或 being +形容词／名词。next to后常接一些否定词。【考例5】I'm terribly sorry to tell you that your work isfar from ____. &&& A. satisfying&&& B. a satisfaction&&& C. being satisfactory D. to satisfy[考查目标] 此题主要考查 far from 的用法。[答案与解析]C& satisfaction 是不可教名词，前不可使用a。from后不可接不定式。satisfying虽然意思与satisfactory 相同，但常使用satisfactory，其中being经常省略。[牛刀小试2]1. I can't tell you what it's worth, you nlust get an ex―pert to ____ it.&&& A. look into&&& B. look at&&& C. look up&&& D. look out2. Seeing its mother coming, the child was so happy& that its eyes ____ pleasure.&&& A. were lighted with&&& B. lit up for&&& C. lit up with&&& D. were lighted up for3. As you can see, the mini-skirt comes into ____ & again this year.&&& A. being&&& B. effect&&& C. practice&&& D. fashion4. He repeats that he is telling the story as ____ by& himself at the time.&&& A. seeing&&& B. to see&&& C. saw&&& D. seen5. the Chinese Revolution, ____ the Russian Rev―& olution, is the most important political event in& ____ history.&&& A. 不填& B. the&&& C. 不填&&& D. the&&& ☆词语比较☆1. despite, in spite of, though, although, as& (1) despite, in spite of 尽管，不顾& despite, in spite of 是介词或介词短语，后面只能接名& 词、代词或动名词。& He came to school despite his serious illness. & = He came to school in spite of his serious illness.& 尽管他病得很重，他还去上学。& Despite / ln spite of the rain, we won't stop our work.& 尽管下雨，我们也不会停止工作。& (2) though, although, as 尽管，虽然& though, although 为从属连词，一般接从句，也可接& 分词；though 还可以用于倒装句，这种表达法相当于& as 表示“虽然”时的用法。& Although given enough time, he didn't finish the work& in time.& 虽然给了他充分时间，他还是没有及时完成工作。& Seriously m thou曲he was, he went to school.& = Seriously ill as he was, he came to school.& 注：though 还可以单独作副词用，意为“可是”、“然& 而”，通常放句末，如：& The boy was injured. It was nothing much, though.& 那个男孩子受伤了，不过并不重。2. get through, go through, live through& get through 及物或不及物用法，意为：通过，完成，& 接通 (电话)，渡过 (难关) 等。& (1) The line is busy, I can't get through.& 电话线路忙，我打不通。& Have you got through your homework?& 你完成作业了吗?& 注：get through 后接 with 只有“完成”，没有“通过”的& 意思，如：& I got through with the examination, but I didn't get& through.& 我完成了考试，但没有通过。& (2) go through 及物用法，意为：穿过，仔细查看，浏& 览，经历(苦难)& Go through the papers and find out useful information.& 浏览一下这些报纸，找出有用的信息。& He went through untold hardship in the war.& 战争中这位老人受尽了苦难。& (3) live through 经历，度过& The old man lived through two wars in life.& 老人一生中经历了两次战争。& He possibly can't live through this winter.& 他可能活不过这个冬天。& 试比较：He can't possibly get through this winter.& 他可能挨不过这个冬天。&&& ☆句型诠释☆1. I prefer living in a modern flat.& prefer 后可接不定式或动名词，意思区别不大，但搭& 配不一样，分别为prefer to do...rather than do...；& prefer doing...to doing...& I prefer to stay home rather than go out.& = I prefer staying hometo going out.& prefer后面还可以接名词，如：& I prefer a double room to a single one.& 我宁可住双人间也不住单人间。2. I wouldn't feel happy living in a block of apartments.& 住在一座公寓里我是不会感到高兴的。& 句中现在分词短语 living in a block of apartments 在& 句中作状语，表示一个非真实的情况：要是我住在一& 座公寓楼里(实际上我没有住在公寓楼里)，有了这& 么一个非真实的情况(条件)，所以句中使用了虚拟& 语气 (wouldn't feel)。& Your wife wouldn't be pleased to hear you say so.& 假如你妻子听到你说这些，她不会高兴的。(实际上& 没听到)& The chickens can eat the food that we would otherwise& throw away．& 这些鸡可以吃掉那些要不然会扔掉的食物。& (otherwise后为一个与现在事实相反的假设)3. Every great culture or different period in the past has& its own ideas 0f beauty expressed in an andarchitecture.& 过去的每一种伟大的文化或每一个不同的时期都把& 它自己的美学思想表现在艺术和建筑方面。& 该句使用了have sth. done结构，其中过去分词在句& 中作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义。have sth. done& 可表示三种意思：& (1)“让某人去做某事”，此时have有“请，让”的意思& I had my hair cut only yesterday.& 我昨天才理了发。(请人理发)& (2)“完成某事”。此时的have不含“请，让”的意思。& 只强调“事情的完成”，不论是谁去完成，有可能是句& 子主语，也可能是他人来完成。& I must have my homework finished before going out to& play.& 在出去玩之前，我必须把作业做完。& I have your medicine prepared now.& 我已经把你的药准备好了。& (3)“遭受某种情况”，往往是遭受不幸的事情。& He had his left leg injured in the accident.& 他的左腿在事故中受伤了。4. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered& by a gray net of steel, and it looks just like a bird's& nest made of tree branches. & 从顶部看，体育馆好像是覆盖着一张灰色的钢网，就& 像一个用树枝做成的鸟巢。& (1) 句中分别使用了过去分词 seen from...，made of& 作状语和定语，表示被动逻辑关系。& Newly painted this morning, the house looks beautiful. & (状语)& 今天上午刚油漆的，这房子显得漂亮。& What do youthink of the housemade of wood? (定语)& 你觉得这栋木结构的房子如何?& (2) 句中也分别出现了look as if...，look like，意思相& 近，但后面分别接从句和名词。& The building looks as if it is a round tower.& = The building looks like a round tower.& 这座建筑看起来就像一座圆形的塔。& 注：as if 后面可接虚拟语气，如：& Dressed in red, the woman looks as if she were ten& years youngerthan she is.& 这位妇女穿红色衣服显得比实际年龄年轻了十岁。5. A is to B what C is to B．& 该句型的意思为“A 对于 B 就像 C 对于 D 一样(需& 要)”，或“A 和 B 的关系就像 C 和 D 的关系” what引& 导表语从句。& Water is to a fish what air is to a human being.& 水对于鱼就像空气对人一样重要。6. Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated,& something of the spirit of the original work is lost.& 另外，一首诗尽管译得再好，都有可能丧失其原文& 的部分精华。& no matter how = however引导让步状语从句，意为& “无论怎样”。& If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any& difficulty, no matter how (= however) great it is.& 注：however 也可以作副词，表示转折，意为“然而”。& He promised to come. However, he changed his mind& before leaving.& 他原先想来，可是出发前改变了主意。7. More than any other form 0f literature, poetry plays& with sounds，words and grammar.& 诗比其他任何一种文学形式都更加讲究发声、词汇& 和语法的运用。& 该句比较状语从句被置于句首，正常语序应为& Poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar more& than any other form of literature.& 短语 plays with 常作“玩耍”解。& It is dangerous to play with fire here.& 在这儿玩火很危险。& 但 play with 也有“玩弄、摆弄”之意。& He pays much attention to playing with words in his& articles.& 他的文章很注重词的使用。& 8. Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic&&& poets.&&& 倒装句，正常语序为The English Romantic poets are&&& greatly loved...，为了强调或句子平衡，通常把形容&&& 词、副词、分词等提到句首。&&& Very exciting was the final game played here last&&& night.昨天晚上在这儿举行的决赛很精彩。【句型归纳】【考点1】What words and phrases do you think will beuseful when you want to talk about art and architecture?当你想谈论艺术和建筑的时候。你认为什么词语是有用的?该句中，要注意 do you think 的位置：疑问词 + do youthink / hope / believe / suppose / guess / say / consid―er / imagine + 主语 + 谓语? 例如：Who do you think will come to see me? 你认为谁会来看我? (该句中，who是句子的主语)回答时。不能用yes或no，只能根据疑问词回答。注意对比：Do you know / ask / tell / know / realize /make sure + 疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语? 例如：Have you told him when we are going to the cinema? 你告诉了他我们什么时候要去看电影吗?Do you realize how serious the problem is? 你意识到这个问题的严重性了吗?回答时，首先要用 yes 或 no，然后再回答疑问词的问题。【考例 1】(1997上海)-- I haven't heard from Henry for a long time.-- What do you suppose ____ to him?&&& A. was happening& B. to happen&&& C. has happened&&& D. had happened[考查目标] 本题考查连锁疑问句的用法。[答案与解析]C do you think 作为插入语，应该带一个完整的句子。本句中。what是主语，那么它需要的是谓语。选项A中的 was happening 为过去进行时，而这句话问的是现在的情况；选项B为不定式．不能单独作谓语；选项D中的 had happened 为过去完成时，跟上句所提供的时态不统一；选项C中的has happened符合本题时态。【考点2】They are decorated with small round windowsthat remind you of ships, bent roofs, and twenty-foothigh walls of glass that make them special when comparedwith other architecture from the same period. 它们装饰有使人联想到轮船的小圆窗，弯曲的屋顶。以及二十英尺高的玻璃墙，这些玻璃墙使它们在与同期的其他建筑相比时与众不同。该句中，要注意when compared...这里使用的是省略手法，原句应为when they are compared...。在英语中，如果主句和从句的主语相同，从句谓语中含有be动词，此时从句的主语和谓语中的be动词常省略。例如：Don't talk while (you are) eating. 吃饭的时候不要讲话。Go to him for help when (it is) necessary. 有必要的话，去找他帮忙。【考例2】(2002上海春招) When ____, the museumwill be open to the public next year.&&& A. completed&&&&&& B. completing&&& C. being completed D. to be completed[考查目标] 本题考查非谓语动词以及省略句的用法。[答案与解析] A& 该题从句使用了省略形式。省略了与主句主语一致的主语the museum以及系动词is。选项B、C、D都为非谓语动词。【考点3】But whether buses or trains or boarding aero-planes, there wasn't a door she'd get through. 然而不管是汽车、火车还是飞机，没有一扇门她能进去。该句中．要注意whether...or，表示“不管……还是……”、“或者……或者……”。例如：Whether we go to your place or stay here, we'll stillfind something to eat. 不管是到你那去还是呆在这里，我们都要找点东西吃。Whether by accident or design, he broke the mirror onthe wall. 不管是偶然还是有意，总之他把墙上的镜子打破了。whether 和 if 都可表示“是否”．引导宾语从句时二者可互换。但是下面几种情况只用whether：① 引导主语从句时；②