雅思小作文数据题分析方法
雅思小作文数据题分析方法
摘要：　　雅思小作文的描述对象数量基本保持在三者之上。并且表格题和柱状图这些多数据的图表出现频率相当高，如何根据数据的异同来对繁多的数据...
　　雅思小作文的描述对象数量基本保持在三者之上。并且表格题和柱状图这些多数据的图表出现频率相当高，如何根据数据的异同来对繁多的数据进行有效分类，并归纳出每一类别的共性，成了当前评判作文能否在&TaskAchievement&进入6分的标准。
　　我们的考生需要掌握好一定的描述数据的方法，使得自己在雅思写作中获得更好的分数！
　　从雅思写作的官方评分描述看，每篇作文都将从&Task Achievement& &Coherence and Cohesion& &Lexical Resource&和 &Grammatical Range Accuracy& 四方面给出评分，然后再算平均分。这四个方面，后两项完全是一个考生语言综合能力的体现，很难在短期内取得质的突破，当然也决不会因为怯场而语言能力明显下降一个级别。但前两项就和考生的备考及临场发挥有很大联系了，尤其是第一项的&TaskAchievement&（任务完成情况）。而在官方评分描述中，5分和6分也有着本质的差别。
　　雅思小作文经常出现描述图表题，其分值约占写作部分的三分之一，由于其所占的比例较低，经常被考生所忽略。但是事实上，这类图标描述题类型可控，文本使用上比较正式，语言上比较固定，因此考生们只要掌握了标准时的描写风格，以及一些固定的语言搭配，往往更加容易掌握，也是比较容易在短时间提高分数的一个题型。
　　要做到短期内拿下图表描述题，你就需要深入了解小作文的类型，写作难点。图表描述题虽然在形式上复杂多变难以掌握，但是万变不离其宗，语言固定，形式固定，你需要做的就是以不变应万变。
　　那么雅思写作中，小作文数据类试题应该怎么解答呢？
　　以下题为例，我们将结合雅思考官提出的要求，对图中所给数据进行分析筛选：
　　The chart below shows the average earnings per week, in pounds, of people of different levels living in the UK between 1965 and 1995.
　　Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information.
　　小作文数据分析与处理其实是两个不同的环节，再到成文又是第三个步骤。因此，南京朗阁建议考生要想根本性避免&怕捡了芝麻丢西瓜&的心态，首先要做的就是充分分析数据。其实任何一幅图表题中都包含有两种数据：明数据Expectations & 暗数据 Unexpected findings and trends。所谓明数据就是指任何考生一眼即可看到的数据，这也是不大能区分考生分析数据能力的一方面；而真正能考察实力的则是暗数据&&需要考生仔细分析总结，加以适当的比较，寻找趋势差异变化，有时甚至需要辅助不同图形的转换才得以发现。
　　以上题为例，我们可以得出以下两组数据信息：
　　1、 Expectations:
　　1)&& 一共有四种不同学历背景：
　　High school certificate, Bachelor, Master and Doctor D
　　2)&& 每组学历中的4根柱分别代表4个年份：, ;
　　3)&& 不论何种学历的人群在这4年间的收入均呈现一个明显的上升趋势；
　　2、Unexpected findings and trends:
　　（此类雅思考试数据需要比较对比，当然此题中考生若能先将各条柱对应的数据以一个直观的形式表示出来的话，分析时会更加轻松）
　　1)&&& 对于拥有高中学历的人群来说，这4年的收入均有所增长，尤其是1985年至1995年这10年间每周收入增长近40英镑；而且同期相比，其他学历的增长幅度却惊人地突然减缓，尤其是大学学历人群在这10年间的收入增长只有5英镑，而前十年却有30英镑之多；不过也不难看出不论高中学历人群的增幅有多快，总的说来，与其他三群人相比较，他们的收入仍是最低的。
　　2)&&& 博士生人群的收入尽管是最高的，但是增长的幅度也是最小的。
　　3)&&& 细心的学生还可以发现1985年时，研究生与博士生的每周收入几乎相同。
　　4)&&& 总体说来，各学历人群的周收入差距并不是特别的明显，1995年时大约维持在125-165英镑之间。
　　雅思小作文数据描述句型，主要是介绍了雅思小作文考试中最为重要的数据描述类的模板，共有25个，对于各个图表中的数据都描述形式都进行了总结。大家可以在备考雅思小作文写作的时候进行适当的参考。
　　1.the table shows the changes in the number of&&over the period from&&to&&
　　该表格描述了在&&年之&&年间&&数量的变化。
　　2.the bar chart illustrates that&&
　　该柱状图展示了&&
　　3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding&&
　　该图为我们提供了有关&&有趣数据。
　　4.the diagram shows (that)&&
　　该图向我们展示了&&
　　5.the pie graph depicts (that)&&.
　　该圆形图揭示了&&
　　6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of&&
　　这个曲线图描述了&&的趋势。
　　7.the figures/statistics show (that)&&
　　数据(字)表明&&
　　8.the tree diagram reveals how&&
　　该树型图向我们揭示了如何&&
　　9.the data/statistics show (that)&&
　　该数据(字)可以这样理解&&
　　10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that&&
　　这些数据资料令我们得出结论&&
　　11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table&&
　　如图所示&&
　　12.according to the chart/figures&&
　　根据这些表(数字)&&
　　13.as is shown in the table&&
　　如表格所示&&
　　14.as can be seen from the diagram， great changes have taken place in&&
　　从图中可以看出，&&发生了巨大变化。
　　15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure， we can see clearly that&&or it is clear/apparent from the chart that&&
　　从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到&&
　　16.this is a graph which illustrates&&
　　这个图表向我们展示了&&
　　17.this table shows the changing proportion of a &b from&&to&&
　　该表格描述了&&年到&&年间a与b的比例关系。
　　18.the graph， presented in a pie chart， shows the general trend in&&
　　该图以圆形图形式描述了&&总的趋势。
　　19.this is a column chart showing&&
　　这是个柱型图，描述了&&
　　20.as can be seen from the graph， the two curves show the fluctuation of&&
　　如图所示，两条曲线描述了&&的波动情况。
　　21.over the period from&&to&&the&&remained level.
　　在&&至&&期间，&&基本不变。
　　22.in the year between&&and&&
　　在&&年到&&期间&&
　　23.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998&&
　　1995年至1998三年里&&
　　24.from then on/from this time onwards&&
　　从那时起&&
　　25.the number of&&remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year).
　　&&月(年)至&&月(年)&&的数量基本不变。
　　最后，提醒考生注意，在雅思小作文的文章有了恰当的表达方式，还需要进行一些细节方面的修饰，添加数据时，形式要整齐划一，有不随便删除和添加数量单位，增加连词的使用，加强文章的严谨度，采用一些多样化的数据添加方式，是文章看起来有理有据，中心思想贯穿全文。
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摘要：雅思A类小作文图表题的写作当中，考生经常会碰到图表看懂了，但因数据比较凌乱，找不出很明显的特征。本节小编就为大家带来最全雅思小作文分类概述汇总，欢迎下载。
　　最全小作文分类详解A类小作文图表题的写作当中，考生经常会碰到图表看懂了，但因数据比较凌乱，找不出很明显的特征，或者找到了很多特征，却不知道应该用什么样的思路来把图表当中的重要信息和规律特征有机自然的联系贯穿起来。本节小编就为大家带来最全雅思小作文分类详解，请看详细内容。
　　常见的雅思小作文主要有如下几种类型：表格图，曲线图，柱状图，饼状图和图画题五大类。在雅思A类小作文图表题的写作当中，考生经常会碰到图表看懂了，但因数据比较凌乱，找不出很明显的特征，或者找到了很多特征，却不知道应该用什么样的思路来把图表当中的重要信息和规律特征有机自然的联系贯穿起来的情况。柱图和线图是每月常考的题型，有时候会有连考或者交替考的趋势。饼图和表格题也是相对频率较高的题型。偶尔也会考综合题。图画题主要分为流程图和地图题，一般每季度轮换题库的时候会出现。不管考到哪种题型，其要求都是一致的，先要挑选重要数值并且在相关处作比较。如下将从动态图表和静态图表的角度来详细分析小作文的解题思路。更多资讯、、雅思试题、雅思复习计划、以及考试技巧等相关信息请持续关注资料下载考试频道。
　　一、动态图
　　有时间推移变化的图我们通常叫做动态图。曲线图都是动态图，但是对于表格图，饼图和柱图却有动态和静态之分。对于大多数的动态图我们都可以大致当作线图来处理。动态图重点在数字变化的表达上，利用主语句型的不同和衔接关联词来展开。写好动态图的基础是要准备好三个方面：
　　1. 解题思路
　　1). 表格题的动态题解题思路大致可以分为四步：①先相减(年份大的减小的);②后分类(上升一类，下降一类);③挑出极值(最大值);④挑选数值(倍数关系，变化明显的数值);
　　2). 线图的解题思路大致分为两种：第一种：①按整条线来写(可以把相同趋势的线放在一起，也可把相反趋势的线拿来做对比);②挑选重要信息(整体趋势，起点，重点，最高点，最低点);③整体作比较。第二种：①按时间区间来写(横轴对上去有共同拐点或交点的分为一段);②对比着写(强调交点，拐点，最高点，最低点);
　　3). 动态柱图解题思路：把各个柱子的顶点连起来就是几条线，所以按线图方式处理;
　　4). 动态饼图解题思路：把每种颜色看做一条线，可把相同相反的颜色放在一起写，很多时候也可以把占的比例最大的单独写一部分。
　　2. 基础替换词汇
　　1). 趋势词汇
　　上升动词类：increase, rise, grow, jump, surge, shoot up, soar
　　下降动词类：decrease, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip
　　波动动词类：fluctuate
　　持平动词类：remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant
　　修饰动词的副词：slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，moderately 温和地，轻微地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically 急剧地，drastically 急剧地
　　上升名词类：increase, rise, growth, jump, surge
　　下降名词类：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop
　　波动名词类：fluctuation
　　修饰名词的形容词：slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic
　　2). 极值类词汇和表达
　　最高点：reach the peak/top/highest point
　　Increase to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase)
　　最低点：reach the bottom/lowest point
　　drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)
　　占了：occupy/make up/take up/account for/represent/constitute
　　3). 倍数的表达方式
　　Double 是两倍/大一倍
　　Increase/decrease three times 增长/减少了三倍
　　4). 大约的表达方式
　　Approximately/About/around+数字
　　3. 常用的小作文的趋势句式表达
　　句式一：变化主体/图画中主体+趋势动词+副词+数值+时间区间
　　Eg： The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2 million in 2000.
　　句式二：There be+形容词+表示趋势的名词+in+变化的主体+时间区间
　　Eg： There was a significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.
　　句式三：时间+see/experience/witness+ 表示趋势的名词+in+ 变化的主体+ 数值
　　Eg： The period from 1940 to 2000 saw an upward trend in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million to 1.2 million.
　　句式四：表示趋势的名词+be+seen/experienced/witnessed+in+变化的主体+时间
　　Eg： An upward trend was seen in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.
　　二、静态图
　　静态图常见的是柱图，饼图和表格题。静态图的写作思路相对比较多元化，重点在比较关系上，利用比较句式和排序方式来展开。我们主要也从以下几个角度来分析：
　　1. 解题思路
　　1). 表格题的静态题解题思路大致可以分为三步：①先分类(横向，纵向或者横竖交替);②挑出极值(最大值与最小值);③挑选剩余数值(倍数关系，两个数值，变化明显的数值);
　　2). 静态柱图解题思路：第一种：①按颜色来分类;②总体做比较。第二种：①按特征分(把有相同特征的分在一起);
　　3). 静态饼图解题思路：①若单个饼图不相关时，单个饼图分开写最后整体总结;②若是同一相关事物的比较也是按颜色特征先分类，后作比较。
　　2. 基础替换词汇
　　1). 占据：
　　take up / make up / occupy/ account for
　　Constitute / be the instrument of 致成物
　　2). 剩余事物：
　　the rest
　　the remainder
　　sth is in the charge of
　　due to/owing to/attributed/ascribed to/ for sth
　　60%= three-fifths/three out of five
　　5/6=five-sixths
　　a/the majority of = a large portion/ part/ share / proportion/ percentage
　　&80% (93%)= a lion&s share/maximal proportion of
　　5%= a minority of, a tiny portion
　　37.8%= comparatively a majority of (&50%的最大值)
　　87%/76% = comparatively a minority of
　　3. 静态图表示数值方式句式表达
　　1). 多个事物的排列法一(饼图，柱形图，表格)
　　①A is the largest/smallest/longest...
　　②B is a close/far second with just+数字less.
　　或者：which is followed by B.
　　③Third comes C with only +数字
　　或者：C is close/far behind with +数字
　　或者：C takes third spot/place with +数字
　　④Following C comes D with +数字
　　⑤Finally/the rest is ,&&
　　2). 多个事物的排列法二(饼图，柱形图，表格)
　　A occupied the maximal portion of the 研究对象, with 数字, while B accounted for comparatively less rate, with only _(占据), ranking second. Furthermore, the third, forth and fifth places(或者用数字)altogether of the 研究对象 was shared by C,D and E(共享). The remaining part of it was due to F, G, H, I and J which follow the same trend and taking sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth respectively.(剩余)
　　以上就是小编为大家整理的&最全雅思小作文分类概述汇总&部分内容，更多资料请点击雅思资料下载频道!
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#澳洲#12.5雅思A类小作文表格，大作文There is an increasing amount of anti-social behavior and lack of respect for others. What are the causes of this problem and what are your solutions?#几乎是日的原题！#
【系列】雅思A类小作文范文合辑（第一辑）
The chart below gives information about global sales of games software, CDs and DVD or video.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information.
You should write at least 150 words.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
model answer:The chart shows the changes in the sales of video material / DVDs, games software and CDs around the world in billions of dollars over a three-year period. It can be seen that the sales of videos / DVDs and games software have increased, while the sales of CDs have gone down slightly.
Between 2000 and 2003, the sale of videos and DVDs rose by approximately 13 billion dollars. In 2000, just under 20 billion dollars worth of these items were sold, but in 2003, this figure had risen to a little over 30 billion dollars.
The sales of games software also rose during this period, but less sharply. Sales increased from about 13 billion dollars in 2000 to just under 20 billion dollars three years later. By contrast, during the same time period, the sale of CDs fell from 35 billion dollars in 2000 to about 32.5 billion dollars in 2003.&
Eating sweet foods produces acid in the mouth, which can cause tooth decay. (High acid levels are measured by low pH values)Describe the information below and discuss the implications for dental health.
You should write at least 150 words.
Allow yourself 20 minutes for this task.
model answer:Anyone who has visited a dentist has been told that eating excessive amounts of sweets risks harming the teeth. This is because sweets lower pH levels in the mouth to dangerous levels.
When the pH level in the mouth is kept above 5.5, acidity is such that teeth are unlikely to be in danger of decay. Sweet foods, however, cause pH in the mouth to drop for a time, and the longer pH levels remain below 5.5, the greater the opportunity for decay to occur.
By comparing fruit sugar, cane sugar and honey, which are all common ingredients of sweet foods, we find that cane sugar lowers pH levels for the longest period, thus producing the greatest risk of the three. Approximately five minutes aftfter consuming cane sugar, pH levels drop to as little as pH 3.5. They then begin to rise slowly, but do not rise above pH 5.5 until at least 30 minutes have elapsed. By contrast, fruit sugar, which causes the mouth's acidity to fall to just above pH 4, poses a danger for a shorter period: tooth decay is unlikely 20 minutes after consumption. Honey appears an even less risky substance. Though acidity falls to about pH 4.75 within five minutes of consumption, it returns to above pH 5.5 in under fifteen minutes.
The implications, then, are that people who insist on eating sweet foods should be aware of the ingredients, and that fruit sugar or honey appear preferable to cane sugar.&
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the two graphs below.
You should write at least 150 words.
Allow yourself 20 minutes for this task.
model answer:The pie charts compare the highest level of education achieved by women in Someland across two years, 1945 and 1995. It can be clearly seen that women received a much higher level of education in Someland in 1995 than they did in 1945.
In 1945 only 30% of women completed their secondary education and 1% went on to a first degree. No women had completed post-graduate studies. This situation had changed radically by 1995. In 1995, 90% of women in Someland had completed secondary education and of those, half had graduated from an initial degree and 20% had gone on to postgraduate studies. At the other end of the scale we can see that by 1995 all girls were completing lower secondary, although 10% ended their schooling at this point. This is in stark contrast with 1945 when only 30% of girls completed primary school, 35% had no schooling at all and 35% only completed the third grade.
In conclusion, we can see that in the 50 years from 1945 to 1995 there have been huge positive developments to the education levels of women in Someland.&
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the table below.
You should write at least 150 words.
Allow yourself 20 minutes for this task.
model answer:The table shows how people in different age groups spend their leisure time in Someland over the course of a year. It can be clearly seen that the amount of leisure time available varies considerably across the age groups and that people of different age levels have very different ways of spending their leisure time.
According to the figures, as people age in Someland their social lives reduce. Teenagers and people in their twenties spend on average 500 hours per year on socialising and 350 hours of that time is with a group of more than 4 people. Although the total hours of socialising in their 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s is fairly constant (between 300-350), socialising with more than 4 people drops dramatically to 50 hours in the 30s and 40s age groups and only 25 from 50 years old. Group and individual exercise follow a similar pattern.
People of all ages spend a good part of their leisure time on entertainment such as TV/video viewing and cinema. In both cases, teenagers and retired people spend around twice as much time as those who are at working age. Home entertainment ranges from just over a thousand hours for teenagers and retired people and an average of 600 hours for everyone else. Cinema accounts for 100 hours of the teenagers and retired people&s leisure time and 25-50 hours for the rest.
In conclusion we can see there is a significant trend towards solitary and smaller group activities as people grow older and that teenagers and retired people spend a lot more time on entertainment than those of working age do.
The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
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