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2011年12月英语四级考试真题及参考答案
Part I Writing【标准版】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillNothing runs smoothly in our life. To achieve things successfully, a strong will is essential. Life is like a Marathon. Many people can’t get to the terminal. This is not because they are lack of vitality but because their will of success is not strong enough.To take quitting smoking as an example, some regard it as a piece of cake. They make up their minds to quit it in the morning, but in the evening they feel that the smell of cigarettes is tempting. Their throats are sore, their mouths are thirsty, and their hands are shaking. After the painful mental struggle, they tell themselves that “One cigarette is enough. Just take one, and the next day I will quit it.” By doing this, they surrender to their weak will. In the end, they have quitted smoking “a hundred times”, but in no time they succeed.Just like quitting smoking, nothing succeeds without a strong will. To be successful in one’s life, a strong will means that you know where you go and you will persist on the road you choose. Undoubtedly success belongs to those who overcome their weak will and who hang in there until the last minute.【文章点评】本文属于话题类作文，只看题目 “Nothing Succeeds without a strong will”考生会觉得比较抽象，难以下手。细看题目说明中给出了提示，要求考生结合戒烟屡次不成功的幽默引语对该话题进行分析阐述。总体来说，这是一篇“中等偏上”的考生作文。本文先点题指出“坚强意志”的重要性；第二段从反面举例阐述——具体描写了意志不坚定者的心理活动，阐述为什么会戒烟失败；最后从戒烟延伸到生活中的其他事情，并复述坚强意志的内涵，点题收尾。总体上来看，文章思路清晰，采用了生动的比喻和形象的心理描写，语言流畅，用语地道。但一些重复表达（如第二段和第三段中的weak will）显得单调，可用shaky ones, weak-willed persons，the strong-willed等灵活表达。在备考中，多积累不同表达，相信会写出更生动的文章。在论述上，叙述略显罗嗦。第二段心理描写过多，虽然流畅生动，但却使这篇考场作文超过了规定字数，反而成为失分点，这一点要引以为戒。【高分版】Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillAs we have read from above, quitting-smoking seems easy, but in reality it is rarely achieved. There is something provoking and interesting in this paradox, just because sword does not wear the stone as dripping water does.The ability to do something over and over again in a short time may imply its easiness, but in a long run, a lifetime maybe, things turn out to be quite the opposite. Also, as is often the case, one may have obtained all the tools and opportunities to achieve something, but in the end they still fail due to the will shortage.So how could we avoid the dilemma? Here is the prime condition of success: will and perseverance. Concentrate you energy, thought and mind exclusively on the business in which you are engaged, hang on in there and be patient, for, as Emerson put it, no one can cheat you out of your ultimate success but yourself.
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　　The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as sports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.
　　One of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.
　　1. A smaller population may suggest ____.
　　A) lower productivity, but a higher average income
　　B) higher productivity, but a lower average income
　　C) high productivity and a high income
　　D) higher productivity and a higher income
　　2. According to the passage, a large population will offer an opportunity for developing ____.
　　A) space exploration
　　B) transport system
　　C) genetic engineering
　　D) mobile communications systems
　　3. In a developed country, people will lose their jobs if the birthrate ____.
　　A) goes down
　　B) exceeds death rate
　　C) rises
　　D) remains unchanged
　　4. According to this passage, a gradually rising birthrate perhaps is favorable to ____.
　　A) a developing nation
　　B) every nation with a big population
　　C) a developed nation
　　D) every nation with a small population
　　5. This passage tell us that ____.
　　A) there are a large quantity of inferior land in underdeveloped nations
　　B) birth control programs are hard to carry out in developing nations
　　C) even developed nations may be faced with employment problems
　　D) different governments hold different opinions about population problem
　　答案：
　　1.D)higher productivity and a higher income对应原文each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population.
　　2.B)transport system对应原文Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as sports, roads and railways...
　　3.A)goes down对应原文A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods.
　　4.C)a developed nation对应原文the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population.
　　5.D)different governments hold different opinions about population problem为本文主要内容。A、B皆错，C并非作者讨论的问题。
　　参考译文：
　　人口众多的优势和劣势长期以来一直是经济学家们讨论的话题。所争论的问题是，肥沃土地的供给是有限的。为了养活大量的人口，贫瘠的土地必须加以开垦，优质的土地更须精耕细作。这样人均产量较低，也就意味着与较少量人口所能获得的相比，大量人口的人均收入也较低。而其他的一些经济学家认为，大量人口为专业化，尤其是为诸如港口、公路及铁路等设施的发展提供了更多的机会。因为只有极大的需求，人们才有理由去建设这些设施。
　　世界范围内实施计划生育的困难之一在于：由于受工业发展水平的制约，受粮食和原材料供给能力的影响，每个国家对人口增长的官方态度各不相同。发展中国家人口迅猛膨胀，给有限的食物、空间及自然考试*大]资源增添了过重的负载。不论后果怎样，控制人口出生率，将是这些国家政府的首要考虑。在高度发达的工业社会，人口问题会更加复杂。下降的出生率会造成生产商品市场的萎缩，从而导致失业。人口对住房的压力一旦减少，房屋价格就会下降，建筑业也就会受到削弱。面临这些因素，发达国家的政府宁可看到人口缓慢增长，而不愿人口稳定或呈现下降的趋势。
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　　For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Living alone or Living with Roommates? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.　　1． 有人认为大学里应独自生活　　2． 另一些认为大学里应与别人同住　　3． 你的看法　　Living alone or Living with Roommates　　Nowadays, there has appeared a heated discussion among the college students as to whether they should live alone outside the campus or live together with other roommates in the students’ dormitory. Opinions are divided over the matter.　　Those who are in favor of Living alone maintain that it is very convenient to live by themselves. They can enjoy absolute freedom in a room of their own. They can have their own timetable without disturbing others. They are also free to equip the room with a personal computer so that they can have easy access to the Internet.　　But others argue that living with roommates has attractions of its own. With several students sharing the same room, each person’s experiences can be greatly enriched. They can learn a lot from talking to one another. By learning to tolerate the differences between individuals, they can become more mature.　　As far as I’m concerned, I prefer to live with roommates because I love the feeling of belonging. Besides, it is a lot cheaper to live in a dorm than to rent a apartment outside the campus.　　点评：本文与校园生活密切相关，也是近年来出现的现象，人们对此的看法各异，2003年后，四级作文考查加大了学校生活类题目的考查，因为这类题材不存在地域的差异，不同地域的同学都有话可说。本预测题即为校园生活类话题，与刚考完的四级作文话题类似，符合命题者出题思路，值得引起重视。
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