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>>>That e-book is no larger than an ordinary book with a screen..
That e-book is no larger than an ordinary book with a screen ______ you can read original book and film reviews.A.in whichB.of whichC.thatD.where
题型:单选题难度:中档来源:不详
D&&&&试题分析:考查定语从句。由结构可知screen是先行词,后面定语从句意思完整,所以用关系副词where引导,相当于on which,所以D选项正确。句意:那本电子书和一本普通的书一样小,上面有一个可以看原著和影评的屏幕。
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“That e-book is no larger than an ordinary book with a screen..”主要考查你对&&限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句的概念:
限制性定语是指对被修饰名词或代词的必需修饰,是被修饰名词或代词不可缺少的修饰语,如果去掉它句子意思往往会不明确或会发生变化。如:The travellers knowing about the floods took another road. 知道发大水的那些游客改道走了。&&&&&&& The boys wanting to play football were disappointed when it rained. 想踢足球的那些男孩子因为下雨而感到失望。关系代词引导的定语从句:
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下: 例:Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)&&&&&&&&&&&&&He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2)Whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换)例:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。&& &&&&&&& Please pass me the book whose(of which) coverisgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作宾语) &&&&&&&&&&& The package(which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句:关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 1)when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。例如:There are occasions when(on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 &&&&&&&&&&& Beijing is the place where(inwhich) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 &&&&&&&&&&& Is this the reason why(for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 2)that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:His father died the year(that/when/in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 &&&&&&&&&&& He is unlikely to find the place(that/where/in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 限定性定语与非限定性定语的区别:
1、形式不同:限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。 2、功能不同:&限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整: 如:People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) &&&&&&& His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 3、翻译不同:在翻译定语从句时,一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开: 如:He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 &&&&&&& I've invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。 4、含义不同: 如:I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) &&&&&&& I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 5、先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时,通常要用非限制性定语从句,而不用限制性定语从句: 如:Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) &&&&&&& He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) &&&&&&& Mr.Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)&& &&&&&&& Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱,希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 6、关系词不同:关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中,通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系词有时可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。 判断关系代词与关系副词方法:
一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. &&&&&&&&&&& I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错(错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对)This is the mountain village(which) I visited last year. (对)I'll never forget the days(which) I spent in the countryside. 注:习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? &&&&&&& A. where&&&&&&&& B. that &&&&&& &C. on which &&&&&&& D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.&&&&&&&&& A. where&&&&&&&&&B. that &&&&&&& C.on which &&&&&&& D. the one 答案:例1:D,例2:A 例1变为肯定句:This museum is___ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句:This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 注:在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因in the museum词组,可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。 定语从句知识体系:
&关系代词that的用法:
1)不用that的情况: a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。 如:(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b)介词后不能用: 如:We depend on the land from which we get our food. &&&&&&& We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a)在there be句型中,只用that,不用which。 b)在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。 c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that。 d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。. e)先行词既有人,又有物时。例:All that is needed is a supply of oil. &所需的只是供油问题。&& &&&&&&& Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 非限制性定语从句的概念:
非限制性定语是对被修饰名词或代词的附加说明,它不是必需的,如果去掉,也不会影响句子的意思,它与被修饰名词之间通常用逗号分开。如:The travellers, knowing about the floods, took another road. 游客们知道发了大水,都改道走了。&&&&&&& The boys, wanting to play football, were disappointed when it rained. 那些男孩子想踢足球,因为下雨感到失望。非限制性定语从句用法:
1、引导非限定性定语从句时,只能用which(不用that)。例如:Heat is another form of energy, which is as important as other kinds of energy. &&&&&&&&&&& 热是另一种形式的能量,与其他形式的能量一样重要。&(从句表补充说明,而且关系代词which不能换成that。)   2、引导非限定性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指前面整个句子的含义。例如:That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around. &&&&&&&&&&& 彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布,却已传得沸沸扬扬。(句子中的which指“彼特要娶爱丽斯”这整个句子的意思。)   3、除which外,还可用when,where,who等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。例如:After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.& 毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。   &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World WarII, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.&&第二次世界大战期间,爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国,那时犹太人在德国受到不好的对待。   4、在限定性定语从句中作宾语时,引导词可以省略,但引导非限定性定语从句的关联词不能省。如:He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother.& 他急于想去医院看望他的继母,他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱和尊敬。   &&&& The American journalist(whom/who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters.&播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。   两例中的关系代词都在从句中作宾语。由于第二例是限定性定语从句,可以省略关系代词;第一例中的引导词不能省略,因为它引导的是非限定性定语从句。   5、表示“正如”的含义时,通常用as引导非限定性定语从句,也可用which引导;但置于句首时,只能用as引导。   如:China has basically succeeded in defeating SARS, which/as we have expected. &&&&&&& 正如我们所预料的那样,中国已基本上战胜了“非典”。   && &&&&&&& As is well known to everybody, Tai wan is an inseparable part of China. &&&&&&& 众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。   但是当非限定性定语从句是否定含义时,就只能用which(而不用as)引导。如:He didn't win the championship, which I hadn't expected. &&&&&&& 他没获得冠军,这一点是我没预料到的。非限制性定语丛句中as, which的区别:
1、which引导非限制性定语丛句代表前面的整个句子的时候,一般是对主句的结果的说明。&&&&&& 如: He grows too fast, which makes him taller than his classmates. 2、as引导非限制性丛句代表前面整个句子时一般来讲丛句的谓语动词有三种: A. 含有be动词:如:He failed the exam, as is natural. B. 实意动词的被动形式: 如:As is reported, the fire caused a great loss. C.感官动词和意识类动词如:如:see, hear, notice, know, learn, realize 等。&&&&&&&& As you know, I am a teacher. 3、as可翻译为正如,它引导的丛句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后;which引导的该丛句只能位于主句之后。例1:__A___he realized, I was very useful to him.&例2:This elephant is like a snake, ___A__anybody can see.&例3:The sun gives us light and heat, __B___makes the plan tgrow well. &&&&&&&&& A. As(as)&&&&&&&&&&B. which&&&&&&&&& C. that&&&&&&&&&&D. who 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别:
非限制性定语从句的关系词:
非限定性定语从句的使用规则及注意事项:
1、which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。2、在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which。其中,介词的选用,依据从句中的动词所需搭配的介词来选用。例句:① Attitudes towards day dreaming are changing in much the same way that(inwhich)attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. &&& 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。② I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.&&&&&我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。③ We arrived the day that(on which) they left. &&& 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。3、as有时也可用作关系代词。4、在非限定性定语从句中,关系词不能用that。
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249365441938402695424271397751251840E=Emcee Squared: Tips & Techniques to Becoming a Dynamic Master of Ceremonies by Rae A. Stonehouse
Albert Was Right!
New E-book Release!
In this practical, easy to use e-book, Rae A. Stonehouse a.k.a. Mr. Emcee, puts the &Master& in Master of Ceremonies. He shares tips & techniques that he has learned over the years in becoming a dynamic Master of Ceremonies.
Officiating as a Master of Ceremonies at an event is a lot like looking at an iceberg floating in the water. The public only sees what is happening at the event & the tip of the iceberg. They don&t see what has happened behind the scenes or under the water, so to speak, to make everything look like it is running smoothly.
As in his other publications he uses the &onion& approach of content exploration where he systematically peals back layer after layer. He takes his readers on a journey of discovery to the behind the scenes world of event organizing and the how-to of being an effective, dynamic Master of Ceremonies.
This step-by-step e-book is a primer for wannabe Master of Ceremonies or those that have just accepted the role of Emcee and are asking themselves &What have I got myself into? How do I even start?&
Experienced Emcees can benefit by gaining a different perspective on how they perform the role and add new skills to their repertoire.
Readers of this publication will learn:
How to take charge of any event.
How to organize yourself so that everyone will know that you are in charge!
How to think logistically, from several different perspectives.
How to create agendas that work.
Stage management techniques.
How to present awards & give recognition.
How to keep the featured speaker organized.
About different emceeing opportunities.
How to get paid for what you do.
E=Emcee Squared: Tips & Techniques to Becoming a Dynamic Master of Ceremonies, by Rae A. Stonehouse a.k.a. Mr. Emcee is immediately available as a downloadable E-book. Only $5.99 USD
Sample Content:
Take Charge: The success of your event depends upon you!
Yes, the success of any event falls onto the shoulders of everyone who is organizing it. The challenge can be in identifying who actually is in charge? An event, or even a smaller scale meeting can have several key players involved.
There may be a Meeting Planner/Organizer involved. Likely, the event would have to be larger in scale for them to gain revenue from the venture, however many volunteer their time and expertise to worthy causes. Their role is to oversee the logistics of the entire event. A larger event can be broken down to smaller mini events. They may engage you take on the role of emceeing a specific portion of the larger scale event. This can provide challenges for you. More about this later.
You can also have a client or event sponsor taking on an active leadership role. While they have a vested interest in the success of the event, after all they are paying for it, they may not have the organizational skills and everything else that you bring as a Master of Ceremonies. Their involvement may not be helpful.
Taking charge does not mean acting as a military general where only you know the battle plan. It isn&t about issuing orders that must be followed. It is helpful to think of your role as being that of an orchestra conductor. While strategy is necessary, the event goes much smoother if everyone is working from the same page. I don&t have a musical background but I do know that the conductor leads the musicians to play from the same page, together and adding to each other&s sound. When that doesn&t happen & I guess that&s what they call Jazz!
A helpful tip is to insist on the client designating a single person to be the go-to-person to solve problems. Quite often there can be last minute changes to the agenda or on-the-spot input that can change the agenda. Simply insist that all changes to the agenda and announcements come from the designated client representative. That way the client is in control of the meeting and you look good in their eyes.
Tips from the Pros:
An Emcee should have the ability to &ACE& an event.
The three A&s:
Awake - make them laugh and they will pay attention.
Alert - look forward to your next quip.
Alive - even if the speaker you introduce bores them, they will anticipate your return, expecting more fun.
The three C&s:
Current - talk about today&s news events or this event.
Clever - intellectually funny, not silly.
Concise - say it quickly, make your point, get off.
Should the client request a serious set of introductions then you employ...
The three E&s:
Excitement - about the person or company.
Enthusiasm - about what they do.
Energy - to keep attention even if the subject is dry.
&The right Emcee can make or break your event. It is important to position yourself as the right person.&
Source: Unknown
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
E=Emcee Squared: Tips & Techniques to Becoming a Dynamic Master of Ceremonies, by Rae A. Stonehouse a.k.a. Mr. Emcee is immediately available as a downloadable E-book. Only $5.99 USDStart by marking “The Girl in 6E (Deanna Madden, #1)” as Want to Read:
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switch to:How Much Should You Charge for Your E-Book? 7 Questions to Ask
One of the most-asked questions I got from writers who took my recent self-publishing survey was, “How much should I charge for my e-book?”
There’s no simple answer to this one. Many factors go into this decision.
I’ve learned how much to charge for , through trial and error. But every author’s situation is different. How much should you charge for your e-book?
My short answer: All e-book pricing is an experiment.
When you pick a price, always keep in mind that you could revisit that price, halve that price, or maybe double that price, depending on the reception your price gets.
Or you might decide to make your e-book free.
The best price for your e-book depends on a number of factors. Here are some important questions to ask yourself in deciding on your e-book price:
1. What are your goals for this e-book?
The first thing to contemplate is what you’re trying to accomplish with this e-book. Maybe it’s something you’re creating as a free gift to your blog subscribers.
Or perhaps you want to use this e-book to lure readers to buy something more expensive from you later — in which case, $.99 might be a good entry price to get lots of sales.
If this is your magnum opus, you might choose a more substantial price, depending on how you plan to market it. Which brings us to this question:
2. Where do you plan to sell this e-book?
There are many different approaches to selling your e-book. You might decide to only sell it on your own website.
Or you might only sell on Amazon, so you can get the
offered in their KDP Select program.
Or you might decide to post it everywhere possible, on Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Kobo, Overdrive, and dozens of other book sites.
If you’re selling on mass platforms, you’ll particularly want to ask yourself:
3. What do similar authors charge?
You don’t have to charge the same sorts of prices as others in your genre or topic, but it pays to be aware of what’s out there, especially if your e-book will be featured in search results on a book site right alongside those competitors’ offerings.
If you’re thinking a 50-page e-book about gardening is worth $20, but everyone else sells their similar-length e-books for $2.99, you’re probably not going to see a ton of sales. If you’re only selling off your own website, you might have more leeway to price without regard to market competition.
Amazon’s pricing tips
If you’re selling on Amazon, keep in mind that recent data shows most bestselling e-books there are. Amazon has played a big role in driving down average e-book prices, which has enraged some in the publishing world.
But keep in mind this info Amazon recently sent me via email, because I’m an affiliate seller on there: The lower the price, the more you sell.
Amazon says its data shows if you priced an e-book at $14.99 and would have sold $100,000 of it at that price, you’d sell $179,000 of that same e-book if you cut the price to $9.99.
Lower prices greatly expand the audience of potential buyers. More people buy, getting your ideas into more hands — and often, making you more money.
At $.99, many shoppers will consider your e-book a “no-brainer” purchase. It’s less than a buck! I personally bought several $.99-cent e-books this week alone. If you want to get buzz going, get your words into many hands, have many potential reviewers, make a lot of sales, and , this can be the price that makes it happen.
My advice: If you don’t have a $.99-cent e-book yet, set a goal of creating one first. You want an entry-level price where readers will jump in and start getting to know you, to lay the groundwork for successfully selling a higher-priced e-book.
I’ve seen these pricing approaches work in my own e-book selling…so think hard about whether you want to go high or low. One critical factor there:
4. Is your audience big or small?
If your e-book is on a topic with a fairly small but rabidly interested audience — say, Civil War re-enactments or underwater basketweaving — you might want to go with a higher price.
You’ll be less likely to be able to use a lower price to end up earning more, because there isn’t a mass audience for your topic. Another aspect of this:
5. Do you have a list?
If you have built an audience that you can email about your e-book, you are in a better position to charge more than if you have no list.
People who like you enough to opt into an email list probably think you’re pretty awesome. So they’ll be more likely to entertain the idea of buying a higher-priced tome from you.
If all your marketing will be through mass bookselling sites to total strangers, there’s less chance that they’ll think your e-book is worth $27 — when they’re looking at a page of Amazon results with other, similar books at $3.99.
But you might be able to charge more, depending on your answer to this:
6. Do you offer unique or highly valuable info?
Does your nonfiction e-book teach readers how to do something that could change their lives or earn them boatloads of cash? If so, it might command a high price.
There’s high perceived value if what I read in your e-book can be used to make me hundreds of times the price of your e-book. For instance, I’ve seen e-books that teach you a concrete system for how to launch and market a product sell great at $97 and more.
It’s rare that your nonfiction e-book will be the only place a reader could get the information you’re offering. But maybe you’ve got a unique spin, fresh data, or a new method to offer?
Rare information is more valuable to readers, so you could price higher if you have something exclusive. Unique info also means your offer can’t be as easily price-compared, which helps you charge more.
7. Does your price give you flexibility?
One cautionary note about pricing your e-book super-low: It makes it hard for you to offer special deals. And you want to offer those. Putting your e-book on a limited-time sale is a proven way to generate a flurry of sales.
Among the deals I’ve offered that have sold well, for instance, are:
Half-price introductory sales
“Bundle” sales where you buy one e-book and get a second e-book free
$.99-cent sales
“Pay what you want” over $X price sales
So consider having a “list” price but discounting that price down, at least on occasion. You’ll drive a lot more interest in your e-book.
Once you select a price, remember my short answer: It’s all an experiment. One of the thrills of selling e-books is that changing your price is easy and nearly instantaneous.
Don’t ever think your price is set in stone, or that you have to price like everybody else. Every author’s situation is unique, so feel free to carve your own path with how you price.
The e-book world is changing fast, so remember to revisit your price from time to time and consider whether it’s still the best one. Pricing right is key to , so keep tinkering.
What do you think of the trend to lower e-book prices? Discuss in the comments.
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I started Make a Living Writing because I'm on a mission to help writers grow their income. My name is Carol.
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