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你可能喜欢Surface finishing machinery
United States Patent 2327022
This invention relates: to improvements in sutrface finishing machines and' particularly to machines for effectinig superfinishing operations.
One of the objects' of the present invention is the provision of a. machine particularly adapted a' for producing- a surface of- extreme accuracy on...
Inventors:
Dall, Albert H.
Hans, Ernst
Sol, Einstein
Application Number:
Publication Date:
08/17/1943
Filing Date:
08/15/1940
Export Citation:
CINCINNATI GRINDERS INC
Primary Class:
International Classes:
View Patent Images:
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Description:
This invention relates: to improvements in sutrface finishing machines and' particularly to machines for effectinig superfinishing operations.
One of the objects' of the present invention is the provision of a. machine particularly adapted a' for producing- a surface of- extreme accuracy on cylindrical and conical articles, as for example, straight or taper rolls A further object of the present inverition isthe provision of an improved automatic machine I for effecting a continuoiu fritishing on at muiltiplicity of work pieces simultaneously.
An additional object of the invention' is the provision of a machine of the character above set forth of extremely simple and compact form i1 compatible with the work receiving capacity thereof.
An additional o inventiion is the provisin' of impirved' mechariism for 'effecting the' abrading opetation as respects the- 2t work piece in a manner to minimize and balance out vibratory tendencies of the machine as an entirety which might othetwise be produced by the high speed relative niovements of Work and abrading members during the finishing op' eration.
Other objects and' advantages of the preseit' improved surface finishing machine should be' readily apparent biy reference to the following specification considered in conjunction with the so appended drawings, and it will be understood that any modifications may be made in the specific structural details hereinafter described within the scope of the appended claims without departing from or exceeding the spirit of the inven- 3 tion.
Figure 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of the invention.
Pigure 2 is a side elevation thereof. 4 Figure 3 is an enlarged section on the line 3-3of Figure 1, illustrating the mounting of the work abrading members.
Figure 4 is a detail section on the line 4-4 of Figure 3. figure 5 is- a section on the line 5--5 of Figure 3.
Figure 6 is a diagrammatic view of the: bydraulie control circuit.
In the drawings the numeral 20 designates the bed of the machirie having rising therefrom thejournals 2I for spindle 22 on which is mounted' the feed wheel 23 having a helical work receivinrg path 24 whose base is anguldrly disposed witht respectto the axis of the spindle 22. The helically extending rii 25 interveAes the adjacent high andlow points o for example, in plan in Figure 1 so that a' work piece, such Ls a tapered roll 24 designed'for ue ina taper roller bearing, wll suitably fit: ithin' the path with' its outer face disobsed in a lne parallel with the axis abbut which the feed wheel rotates. Itwill thusbe seea that the work mnay be axially advancedby thi rssuresse f rib' 25 against the base theeof andI'Wlllb suitably held in position for lengthwise moveimnnt of:its outdr face paVt the abrading 4el*ent~s such' as 21 and M .
OiRe of the abrading Units has been partieularly -illtiistatd in Figuraes3, 4 and 5 of the dirwin#s; It comprises a base plate 19 adapted to be suitably soi~ied to the:lied' 20 ahd provided with ways guiding slide 30 which is adjustable relative tothe baseplaite as by the positioning screw I1.
Moudnted in' soekdt 32 on slide 31 is a sIee 395 keyed ak9ailit', rtation at by the screw 3 .
Spilit clamps: a --at 35- ser: to lock the sleeve in lon~itudinally aljUsted position.
Slidable within the bet~ of the sleeve is the lellow sem 3e of the ahbadingfelement unit ilgVing disposed interiorly thereof. the- comptesstn spiinsg I whose tenion' i adtiistable by screiW 386mouBted H- oiap'lFon the end of sleeve St and erig~~ ing albiitmenet plUt 4 for the spring.
A: trai4svers pii Mi havirij its' ends siciued in sleee 3>> and its intertmediate portisrn disiposed iri the: sightfly' enl'argi e aeapertue' 41' ?f' the stem, retals'i the stem againdt appretitble rdtation 'oraktlifl'mti efit' and limits' the urge of' the: stea in'the directthi of the fe-d wheel' 23 uhde'i urge of'spring 37.
The- sleeve 36 'is provided With 'a head portin 43- having opposed hdrizonital raceeways 44' for the- aitM-fricti6ii bearingsf 45'. Mounted int the space betweeh said behilngs are a pair d~f'vlbtatbry slide '46 a'hd 47; eath 'formed in their outer faees':withl way: 4' fbi fengagenment with the'adj aent a ti-frietim bCe?Ari~rgs of the head and having their inner fees foirmed with correspondfiig raceways 49 fofrthe :tb sets-of 'anti-frictioi bekr'iigs-s5: 0which are- thus' infrposed b'etween the' adjaetif slides.' It .will thus be seen that the' slidSe are': theftmselves suippoited, ahti-frictioially within the head 4 -for tfansverse reciproCmatit movement and at th:'same- time' sipported for' free relative- rvelneii, one with respect the othei. Tris nove einiay'be effected by a conblination of hydrau aid-. resilerrt actuaithi nieatais, such as hdiviathed i gu re?' an'paticiularly desdb ibd 'in'ir cdp i':" applicatfon SeriNo. 315,56o This comprises a hollow pin 51 projecting rearwardly of each of the slides through a transverse slot 52 in the head and in engagement with the hollow piston member 53 reciprocable in closed cylinder 54 of the head. The pin is preferably cffset longitudinally of the piston 53 and interposed oppositely actuating springs 55 and 56 normally exert a centralizing action on the piston.
Hydraulic pressure introduceable as through conduit 87b in a manner hereinafter described is coupled with piston head 53.
Means are provided for creating hydraulic pulsations in the line 87b. Each of the positive pulsations will tend to urge the associated piston downwardly as viewed in Figure 5 compressing spring 55. Release of the positive pressure spring 55 will tend to expand shifting of piston and associate slide in a reverse direction while spring 56 provides a cushioning effect, preventing hammering or undue vibration of the parts.
Each of the slides 46 and 47 is provided with a seat to receive an abradant element, such as 27 and 28. These elements are similar in general form but oppositely disposed so as to provide a substantially V-block effect in which their beveled faces 59 and 60 suitably engage the outer face of the taper roll or work piece 26. Each of the abrasive members is preferably provided with a transverse aperture 61, communicating through the passage 62 in the hollow piston actuated pin 5L with conduit 63 for the cutting fluid so that this fluid may be delivered by way of the tool to the work piece substantially at the point of relative engagement, assuring adequate lubrication of the parts and thus proper performance of the abradant action during the finishing operation.
As has been previously referred to, the present machine is intended for the performance of a final-or what is known as a superfinishing operation on tapered or similar work pieces, the rotation of the feed wheel serving to take a work piece from the discharge spout 64 of the automatic hopper mechanism 65 and carry the same into the V formed by the faces 59 and 60.
This hopper mechanism does not of itself form any part of the present invention but may, for example, be of the type shown in United States Patent No. 1,814,279. Due to the V formation of throat receiving the work piece it is unnecessary to employ additional work rest or other work supporting mechanisms. The continued rotation of the feed wheel will impart a slow longitudinal movement of the work past the several abrading members which may be of the same grit and grade, or progressively finer as the work approaches the discharge portion of the machine.
At the same time, the rolling engagement between the surface of the feed wheel and the inner engaging portion of the work on account of the pressure of the work thereagainst through the action of springs 37 on the abrading members causes the feed wheel frictionally to engage and positively rotate the work at a uniform rate. It will thus be seen that the work is given a rotative as well as axial advancing movement with respect to the abrading members, while these members, in turn, are given a relatively high speed reciprocating movement.
This principle of operation for producing an ultimate highly accurate finish on hardened steel or other work pieces is well understood in that it is essential for satisfactory results that a multiplicity of relative movements be effected between the surface being operated upon and the abrading members at a speed adequate to effect removal of any high points or minute protuberances on the work resultant from previous machining operations and that at the same time the resultant combined speed of movement be at a sufficiently slow rate so that a true cold cutting is effected, preventing generation of heat tending to weld together the minute metallic particles removed in a manner to produce built-up edge or other effects on the abrading members which will cause scratching of the work.
Additionally, it is highly important that a sufficient flow of cutting fluid of proper grade be effected so that a protective film may eventually be produced on the surface of the work which will limit the cutting action of the abrading elements as the surface tends to be reduced to a plane and prevent stock removal or scratch formation below that plane.
One type of actuating mechanism particularly adaptable for utilization in conjunction with the form of the invention shown is diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 6. As there shown, there is provided a tank or reservoir 66 for hydraulic medium from which fluid is withdrawn by a pump 67 and discharged under pressure through conduit ,68, a relief valve 69 limiting the pressure and permitting escape of unused volume of the medium.
Line 68 is coupled with distributor 70 from which a multiplicity of conduits 71, 7 a, 71b, l1c, 71d and lie extend to the cylinders 72 of the hydraulic motor 73. The cylinders have the pistons 74 provided with rollers 75 reacting on cam 76 carried by the rotor 77 of the hydraulic motor.
An exhaust passage 78 in the distributor 70 is coupled through groove 19 with conduit 80. The rotor 77 is grooved in the conventional manner alternately to connect the several leads 11 with pressure conduit 68 and exhaust conduit 78 so that the motor will be suitably driven by pump 67.
The rotary shaft 77 extends through the pump casing sections 81--82 where it is provided with suitably shaped cams 83--84 for actuation of rollers 85 on the pump pistons 86. The several chambers for these pistons are individually coupled as by conduit 87 with an abrasive head 43.
As shown in the drawings the conduit 81 has a branch 87a coupled to the lower piston of the head and a second branch 87b oppositely coupled to the upper piston. By this arrangement at each compression stroke the fluid contained in the associate pump chamber is forced into the right hand end of one abrading element control cylinder and the left hand end of the associate abrading element control cylinder so that their pistons and thus the abrading elements are simultaneously equally but oppositely pressure actuated. Correspondingly, as the roller 85 moves to the low point of cam 83 the expansion of springs 55 yieldingly reversely oppositely shift the two related abrading elements. By this method of operation oppositely acting abrading strokes are performed on the work piece causing an equalization of any cut pressures which might otherwise tend to effect axial movement of the work in one or the other direction and at the same time when effected at relatively high speeds the equal and opposite movement of the pair of abrading elements in the head tend to balance out any tendency to produce undesirable vibrations in the machine which might otherwise impair the accuracy of resultant finish produced.
It will be noted that the exhaust conduit 80 frot: the- rmtor for actuation of: the abradant: element oscilating pu: aps has been, shown as coupled to one side of a second hydraulic, motor U which is coupled with the feed or: regulating wheel:2S &for effecting constant and uniform rotation of this wheel and by the manner of series qopling: the parts at a rate directly proportional to the rate of vibration of the abrading elements.
The return conduit 89 from the pump 88 extends through arate determining throttle 90 and lQW pressure maintenance valve 91, to reservoir.
Additionally coupled with this reservoir is a suction pump 92 which forces the hydraulic medium through a suitable filter 93 into conduits 94 and 91. Apressure controlled valve 96 controls the low of medium through conduit 97 to the individual conduits 98. coupled with respective cond4it~s 6 in the heads 43 for projecting the cutting.medium to the face of the abrading elements.
Individual valves 99 may be provided for controlling the flow of medium to the utilization. Conduit 95 has multiple branches 10$. each controlled by a check valve 101 which are in turn coupled by the conduits 102 with the discharge conduits 87 of the abrading element vibrating motors. The check valves in these lines operate in a manner to make the lines completely closed during the compression strokes of the pistons 86 but permit their, opening for filler replacement purposes during the suction stroke of the respective pistons to compensate for any possible leakages.
The structure and controls just described are capable of utilization in various manners for satisfactory accomplishment of the desired finishing operation.
In Figures 1 and 2 the feed or regulating wheel 23 has been shown as disposed in a horizontal position with opposed-abrading elements at the front and rear of the machine so that two lineal paths on the wheel are: effective at one time for transfer of the work. piece from the receiving or hopper end of the machine to the discharge end.
From the foregoing it will be noted that there has been provided an extremely efficient machine for performance of a finishing operation of high accuracy simultaneously on a multiplicity of work pieces of frustro-conical or like form in which a feeding and regulating wheel having a helical path or transverse configuration corresponding to the general form of. work piece may be coupled satisfactorily for controlled presentation of a multiple series of work pieces to high speed, oscillating abrading elements.
It will further be noted that there has been provided a mechanism for effecting balanced- or equal opposite relative movements of the abrading elements, creating a multiple.break-up effect. of abrading path with respect to the work and at the same time counterbalancing the thrust of the abrading elements against the workin a manner tending both to minimize general vibratory effects as respects the machine which might interfere with accuracy of the final finished product thereof. At the same time, these balanced effects of the abrading members in an individual head cause, equal and opposite reactions on the work piece so that there is no sequential opposite directional drags tending to cant the work piece or disturb its proper relationship in the configurated path of the feed wheel.
It will be particularly noted by reference to Figure 1 that where a multiple number of juxtapositioned abrading elements are employed that. these elements are, of size to overla a. plurality of coils or windings of the helical: path on the feed. wheel for continuous engagement. with an individual work piece as it is advanced, along:the path and simultaneous engagement with a. plurality of con and that in addition, the juxtaposition members: are so: dia posed that one will firmly engage and retain an individual work piec the grip of the other so that the entire series may:readily flow through the machine and 'all
or tilting of individual work pieces is prevented, From the foregoing it will.be:seen that.we have provided an. improved method of. producing. an extremely accurate or superfinished surface: on frustro-conical or taper rolls for anti-friction bearings or the like ar automatically positioning the work piece and in :suits ably supporting it: for non-axial rotation, in-a manner tangentially, to present: one or- more radial planes of the work piece to. the action of a rapidly vibrating abrading element while frictionally controlling the rotation of the work.with respect to said element and yieldingly effccting: the operative engagement of the abrading and frictional rotating elements with the interposed work piece.
What is claimed is: 1. A machine of the, character described: ineluding a contoured wheel having a helical path formed therein for reception of work pieces, the: contour of the path being such a,. to present the outer face of a series of wo:k pieces in nsubstantially continuous line, means providing divergent work engaging surfaces in the form, of a .V-block for engagement with. said outer, surface of the work pieces, one of said work engaging surfaces being formed of abrasive material to provide-anx abrading member, means for resiliently maintaining the abrading member in engagement with the work pieces, means for effecting: rotation of the wheel to successively advance: te. series of work pieces past the member, means for effecting high speed oscillation of the member during such traversing movement, means for synchronizing the relative rate of said traversing, and oscillatory movements, and m:eans for prol portionately. varying the rates of actuation of the feeding wheel and. abrading member.
2. A machine of the character described including a feed wheel having a contoured helically wound path formed on the periphery thereof for reception of a series of contoured. work pieces, a helical work feeding rib intervening the convolutions of the path. and effective on rotation of the wheel for imparting feeding movement to said work pieces, an abrading member disposed in opposition to the feed wheel and comprising a pair of beveled elements, together providing a work receiving V supporting and retaining the work within the contoured path on the feed wheel, means for effecting rotation of the feed wheel to traverse work pieces in the path past 05 the abrading element, means for effecting oppo- sitely phased high speed vibration of the abrading elements in engagement with the individual: work piece whereby said abrading elements have equal and opposite reactions on the work piece during the feeding movement thereof, intercoupled drive means for main relationship between the rate of rotation of the feed wheel and the rates of oscillation of the abrading members, and means for proportionate-: 74 lyvarying both of said rates.
3. A machine of the character described Including a controlling member in the form of a wheel having a helical transversely contoured work receiving path, means for delivering work pieces into said path at a plurality of stations circumferentially of the wheel to form two lines of work pieces extending parallel to the wheel, a series of abrading elements for each line of work having divergent faces providing work receiving troughs, means to rotate the wheel to effect rotation of the work pieces and progression thereof along said troughs, and means for effecting individual oscillations of the abrading elements with respect to the progressing work pieces.
4. A machine for reducing the irregularities resulting from previous machining operations on a work piece to produce a substantially plane surface including an element in the form of a wheel having an advancing helical path formed circumferentially thereon, complementary in cross section to the shape of the work pieces to be operated upon and angularly disposed in an axial direction whereby the projecting surfaces of a series of work pieces will be lineally aligned and maintained in definite axially spaced relation, means for effecting rotation of the wheel to impart an advancing rotary movement to said work pieces, a plurality of aligned abrasive elements disposed for sequentiai engagement with the axially advanceable work pieces, said abrasive elements being of length to overlap adjacent axially spaced work pieces, means to yieldingly urge said elements into engagement with the work pieces, and means individual to the respective abrading elements for imparting independent vibratory movements thereto.
5. A machine for reducing the irregularities resulting from previous machining operations on a work piece to produce a substantially plane surface including an element in the form of a wheel having an advancing helical path formed circumferentially thereon, complementary in cross section to the shape of the work pieces to be operated upon and angularly disposed in an axial direction whereby the projecting surfaces of a series of work pieces will be lineally aligned and maintained in definite axially spaced relation, means for effecting rotation of the wheel to impart an advancing rotary movement to said work pieces, a plurality of aligned abrasive ele.. ments disposed for sequential engagement with the axially advanceable work pieces, said abrasive elements being of length to overlap adjacent axially spaced work pieces, means to yieldingly urge said elements into engagement with the work pieces, means individual to the respective abrading elements for imparting independent vibratory movements thereto, and means for proportionately varying the operating speeds of rotation and vibration as respects the wheel and abrading elements.. 6. A machine for reducing the irregularities resulting from previous machining operations on a work piece to produce a substantially plane surface including an element in the form of a wheel having an advancing helical path formed circumferentially thereon, complementary in cross section to the shape of the work pieces to be operated upon and angularly disposed in an axial direction whereby the projecting surfaces of a series of work pieces will be lineally aligned and maintained in definite axially spaced relation, means for effecting rotation of the wheel to impart an advancing rotary movement to said work pieces, a plurality of sets of aligned abrasive elements disposed for sequential engagement with the axially advanceable work pieces, the elements of each set being relatively movable and of length to overlap adjacent axially spaced work pieces, means to yieldingly urge said elements into engagement with the work pieces, and means individual to the respective abrading elements of each set for imparting independent oppositely phased vibratory movements thereto.
7. A machine for reducing the irregularities resulting from previous machining operations on a work piece to produce a substantially plane surface including an element in the form of a wheel having an advancing helical path formed circumferentially thereon, complementary in cross section to the shape of the work pieces to be operated upon and angularly disposed in an axial direction whereby the projecting surfaces of a series of work pieces will be lineally aligned and maintained in definite axially spaced relation, means for effecting rotation of the wheel to impart an advancing rotary movement to said work pieces, a plurality of sets of aligned abrasive elements disposed for sequential engagement with the axially advanceable work pieces, the elements of each set being relatively movable and of length to overlap adjacent axially spaced work pieces, means to yieldingly urge said elements into engagement with the work pieces, means individual to the respective abrading elements of each set for imparting independent oppositely phased vibratory movements thereto, and means for proportionately varying the speed of rotation of the wheel and the rate of vibra,5 tion of the abrading elements.
8. A machine of the character described including a contoured wheel having a helical path formed therein for reception of work pieces, the contour of the path being such as to present the outer face of a series of work pieces in a substantially continuous line, a series of abrading units closely spaced along said line, each unit comprising means for providing a pair of work engaging surfaces diverging on opposite sides of said line to form a work receiving trough, one of said surfaces consisting of an abrasive element, resilient means for pressing said surfaces against the work to urge the same in driving engagement with the wheel, means to effect relative high speed reciprocation of the abrasive elements, and means to effect rotation of the wheel to rotate and feed the work sequentially past said elements.
9. A machine of the character described ineluding a contoured wheel having a helical path formed therein for reception of work pieces, the contour of the path being such as to present the outer face of a series of work pieces in a substantially continuous line, a series of abrading units closely spaced along said line, each unit comprising a pair of abrasive blocks having work engaging surfaces diverging on opposite sides of said line to form a work receiving trough, resilient means acting on said blocks to hold the work against the wheel, means to effect opposite phased high speed reciprocation of each pair of abrasive blocks, and means to effect rotation of the wheel to rotate and feed the work sequentially past said abrasive blocks.
10. A machine of the character described including a contoured wheel having a helical path formed therein for reception of work pieces, the contour of the path being such as to present the outer face of a series of work pieces in a substantially continuous line, a series of abrading units closely spaced along said line, each unit comprising a pair of abrasive elements, said elements having work engaging surfaces diverging on opposite sides of said line, resiliently operable means for urging said elements into supporting and operative engagement with the work, individual hydraulic motors for actuation of the respective elements, a source of pulsating hydraulic pressure for said motors, means connecting the motors of a pair in opposite phased relation to said source, and means to effect rotation of the wheel to feed the work sequentially past said members.
11. A machine of the character described including a contoured wheel having a helical path formed therein for reception of work pieces, means to support work pieces in said path in a substantially continuous line including a series of aligned abrading units, each unit having a pair of abrasive members, the work engaging surfaces of which diverge on opposite sides of a work piece, resiliently operable means effective on said members for urging the work into operative engagement with said wheel to a sufficient extent to cause rotation of the work, individual fluid operable motors for reciprocating each member, a source of fluid pressure for said motors, a common pulsator for transmitting pulsations through said fluid to effect vibration of said motors, and means to effect rotation of the wheel to feed the work sequentially past said members.
12. A machine of the character described including a contoured wheel having a helical path formed therein for reception of work pieces, means for supporting a first series of work pieces in a substantially continuous line parallel to the axis of the wheel, means for supporting a second series of work pieces in a substantially continuous line on the opposite side of said wheel, a series of abrading units for each line of work pieces, each unit comprising a pair of abrasive elements to hold the line of work pieces in engagement with said wheel, individual fluid operable means for reciprocating the abrading elements of each unit, a common source of fluid pressure, individual pulsators for the respective series of abrading units and connected in parallel therewith, a common actuator for said pulsators, and means to effect rotation of the wheel to feed the rows of work simultaneously and sequentially past the respective series of units.
13. A machine of the character described inScluding a feed wheel having a contoured helically wound path formed on the periphery thereof for reception of a series of contoured work pieces, a helical work feeding rib intervening the convolutions of the path and effective on rotation of the wheel for imparting feeding movement to said work pieces, means extending longitudinally of the wheel to form a work receiving trough including a series of abrading units, each unit having a pair of diverging work engaging memShers for holding the work in engagement with the wheel, means to feed work pieces to one end of said trough, means for effecting rotation of the feed wheel to traverse work pieces through said trough and past the abrading elements, and means for effecting oppositely phased high speed vibration of each pair of abrading elements whereby said abrading elements have equal and opposite reactions on the work piece during the feeding movement thereof.
ALBERT H. DALL.
HANS ERNST.
SOL EINSTEIN.
& 2004-. All rights reserved.