相当于水平为初二的英语语法的语法。

  介词专项的:  
  1. The play begins at 6: 40 pm. So we have to be at the theatre ________ 6:30 pm at the latest.
  A. after&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. around&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. until&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. by
  2. They held a ceremony ________ those killed in the battle.
  A. in honor of&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. instead of&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. in favor of&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. by means of&内容来自
  3. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing ________ at home.
  A. but to read&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. but read&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. besides reading D. except to read
  4. Write your name and address on your bag ________ you lose it.
  A. in any case&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. in case&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. in no case&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. in that case
  5. & ________ did the professor give you much advice?
  & The choice of a career.
  A. On what&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. In what&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. What&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. For what
  6. I made coat ________ my own hands. It was made ________ hand not with a machine.
  A. in&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. with&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. by&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. with&CopyRight .com
  7. He is running ________ the wind towards the east of the station ________ Tom running ________ the right.&内容来自
  A. on&&&&&&&&& B. on&&&&& C. in&&&&&&&&&&&& D. to
  8. Not all of us know the difference ________ wheat, oats and barley.
  A. among&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. between&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C&from&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. in
  9. The young singer is quite popular ________ the public. She&s made a remarkable achievement ________ a girl of her age.
  A. to&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. for&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. for&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. to
  10. The apple trees have lots of big apples ________ them. And some birds are singing ________ the trees.
  A. on&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. in&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. in&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. through&CopyRight .com
  11. That woman will quarrel ________ everybody ________ anything.
  A. about&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. with&&&&&&&&&&&& C. about&&&&&&&&&&&& D. with
  12. The weather this month has been good ________ .
  A. on the whole&&&&&&&&&&&& B. generally speaking&&& C. above all&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. on one hand
  13. We should divide all the potatoes ________ two piles and separated the good ones ________ the bad ones.
  A. by&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. from&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. into&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. into
  14. They said the building would be completed ________ a year.
  A. after&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. for&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. in&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. about
  15. & These boxes are too heavy for me to carry.
  & Here, I&ll give you a hand ________ them.&内容来自
  A. for&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. to&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. with&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. by
  答案:
  1. D。初二英语语法练习题讲解从&戏剧在下战书6:40开始&可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于6:30。A项表示&下午6:30后到剧院&,C项表示&在剧院呆到下战书6:30为止&,均不合题意。B项搅扰性最强,around意为&左右,大略&, 但在6:30 pm后有at the latest&最晚&,二者相抵牾。C项by是not later than(不迟于)之意,整合题意。
  2. A。in honour of意为&为庆祝(为向. . . 表示敬意,为留念&;instead of意为&代替; 而不是&;in favor of意为&批准;支持&;by means of意为&通过; 用; 借助于&。根据句意&他们举行了纪念阵亡士兵的仪式&可知答案为A。
  3. B。but, except 和besides都有&除&之外&的意思,但不&,相当于not including. 另外,but后面可接不定式to do,但如果but前面有实义动词dbesides是&除&之外,还&的意思,等于 而except, but 是&除&之外, o的任何形式,不定式省略to。
  4. B。in any case意为&在任何情况下&;in case意为&以防万一,假如&;in no case意为&决不&;in that case意为&如果那样的话&。句意为&在你的包上写上名字和地址以防损失&。
  5. A。&教养给你提的什么倡导?&&择业&。&对&的提议&应用介词on。
  6. C。by hand意为&用手工&;with&用&, 表示利用的工具, 手段,如He hit it with a hammer. 内容来自
  7. B。against the wind&戗风&;on the right意为&在后边&;介词with与一个复合结构构成短语,用作状语,说明状态、方式等。
  8. B。一般说来,between用于两者之间,among表现三者跟三者以上之间。但有时说的诚然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是两两彼此间的关系,适用于between. 如:The soldier is hidden between the trees. 在念叨事物间的差别时总是用between. CopyRight
  9. C。词组be popular with意为&受&欢迎&,for&就&而论,比较&而言&的初二英语语法练习题
  10. C。介词on意为&在&之上,依附于&;in意为&(表场所,位置)在&&之内 / 上&in the tree 译在树上&。 内容来自
  11. C。quarrel with sb. about / over意为&和某人辩论某事&。句意为&那个女人无论碰到什么事儿, 老是跟别人争吵不休&。
  12. A。on the whole意为&总的来说;从总体上看&;generally speaking&个别说来&;above all意为&首先,最重要的&;on one hand意为&一方面&。句意为&这个月的景象基本上是好的& 。 CopyRight
  13. B。divide&into和separate&from都有&把&&离开&的意思。但前者指&把整体分成若干部分&,后者指&把连在一起的分开&。
  14. C。in, after这两个介词都可能用来表白&在若干时光之后&。in 能够用于将来时态或个别从前时态的句子中;after 用于畸形从前时,如果表示某时刻之后或某件事之后,则不受时态的限度。 CopyRight
  15. C。初二英语语法练习题讲解答语中的them指前一句的boxes。Give sb. a hand with sth. / in(at) doing sth. 意为&帮助某人做某事&。 CopyRight
语法不用“afraid"
之一般将来时基本用法详解
必背单词(1)
:同义词辨析
之短语动词
258元外教一对一试听课
新一代年轻英语学习方式!
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初中英语八年级上册复习要点 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?重点短语:(1)go on vacation 去度假 (2)stay at home 呆在家 (3)go to the mountains 去爬山 (4)go to the beach 去沙滩 (5)visit museums 参观博物馆 (6)go to summer camp 去夏令营 (7)quite a few 相当多,不少 (8)study for…… 为…而学习 (9)go out 出去 (10)most of the time 大多数时间 (11)taste good 尝起来不错 (12)have a good time 过得愉快 重点语法:(1)Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.(2)Did you go out with anyone? No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.(3)Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father. (4)How was the food? Everything tasted really good. (5)Did everyone have a good time? Oh,yes. Everything was excellent.习惯用法:(1)buy sth for sb./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物(2)taste + adj. 尝起来…… (3)nothing ….but + V.(原形)除了…之外什么都没有(4)seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 (5). arrive in + 大地方arrive at + 小地方 到达某地 (6) decide to do sth.决定做某事 (7). try doing sth. 尝试做某事(8)try to do sth. 尽力做某事1(13)feel like 感受到 (14)go shopping 去买东西 (15)in the past 在过去 (16)walk around…..四处走走 (17)too many 太多 (18)because of+短语 因为 (19)one bowl of 一碗。。。 (20)find out 查明,弄清 (21)take photos 照相 (22)something important 重要的事情 (23)up and down 上上下下 (24)come up 上来 (25)of course 当然 (26)come down 下来(9)try one`s best to do sth尽力做某事 (10)enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 (11)want to do sth.想去做某事 (12)start doing sth. 开始做某事 (13)stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth 停下来做某事 (14)look + adj 看起来(15)dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 (16)Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢?(17)so + adj + that + 从句 如此…以至于(18)tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事(19) keep doing sth. 继续做某事 词语辨析:(20).forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth 忘记做过某 事(已做)1anywhere 与 somewhere两者都是不定副词。 ~anywhere在任何地方 , 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can?t find it anywhere. somewhere在某处,到某处,常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here. 2 seem + 形容词看起来….. You seem happy today. ~seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a coldI seems / seemed + 从句看起来好像…;似乎….It seems that no one believe you.seem like ….好像,似乎….. It seems like a god idea.3decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum. ~decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式He can not decide when to leave. 4 start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始,可与begin 互换 。 ~He started doing his homework.5over 介词,多于,超过,在…以上(表示数目、程度)= more than ~My father is over 40 years old.6. ~too many 太多,后接可数名词复数: Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much太多,修饰不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。We have too much work to do. Don?t talk too much. 7 because of因为,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子。 ~He can?t take a walk because ofthe rain.because 连词,因为,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由。 8too,…to 太….以至于不能…. Mother is too tired to go to school. ~9have fun doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣 ~Unit 2How often do you exercise?短语:(1)help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 (2)go shopping 去买东西 (3)on weekends 在周末 (4)how often 多少次 (5)hardly ever 几乎从不 (6)once a week 一星期一次 (7)twice a month 一个月两次2(8)go to the movies去看电影 (9)every day 每天 (10)use the Internet上网(11)be free=be not busy=have time 有空(12)have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈和钢琴课(13)swing dance 摇摆舞 (14)play tennis 打乒乓球 (15)stay up late 熬夜到很晚 (16)go to sleep 睡觉 (17)go to bed 上床睡觉 (18)at least 至少,不少于,起码 (19)go to bed early 上床睡觉早 (20)play sports 做运动 (21)be good for 对….有好处 (22)be good at doing sth 擅长做某事(23)go camping 去野营 (24)in one?s free time在某人的业余时间里语法要点:(25)the most popular 最受欢迎的 (26)such as 例如….像….这样(27)go to the dentist看牙科医生 (28)more than 多于 (29)old habits lie hard 旧习难改 (30)less than 少于 (31)junk food 垃圾食品 (32)take care of sb 照料某人 (33)look after sb照顾某人 (34)have to do sth 必须做某事 (35)get in… 进入… (36)be late for 迟到(1)What do you usually do on weekends?I always exercise.(2)What do they do on weekends? They often help my mother with housework. (3)What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping. (4)How often do you go to the movies?I go to the movies maybe once a month. (5)How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV. (6)Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping. 习惯用法:1. help sb. with sth=have sb do sth 帮助某人做某事2. How about doing…? ….怎么样?/ ….好不好? 3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 ….有多少….. 5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 …发现… 6. It’s + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是….的 7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事 9. by doing sth. 通过做某事10. What?s your favorite…..? 你最喜欢的……是什么? 11 start doing sth. 开始做某事 12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 13.full of 满的14.what about doing sth ? 做某事怎么样?315.not….at all一点儿也不 I don`t like it at all.我一点儿也不喜欢它。词语辨析:1. free 空闲的,有空的, 反义词为 busy. be free 有空,闲着,相当于 have time. I?ll be free next week. = I?ll have time next week.2. How come? 怎么会? 怎么回事?表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问句, 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didn?t come to the party? = Why didn?t Tom come to the party?3. stay up late指“熬夜到很晚,迟睡”。 Don?t stay up late next time.stay up 指“熬夜,不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.4. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程,但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at elevenlastnight.go to sleep 强调“入睡,睡着,进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现: We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词, 发现: He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词, 发现 : I found her standing at the door.6. percent 百分数, 基数词 + percent: percent 没有复数形式,作主语时,根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.7. more than 超过,多于,不仅仅, 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为:less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.8.afraid 形容词, 担心的,害怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语。I?m afraid we can?t come here on time.be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事; be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事。 Some children are afraid of the dark. Don?t be afraid of asking question. I?m afraid + 从句, 恐怕, 担心: I?m afraid I have to go now.9.sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别:sometimes 频度副词, 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性,多与一般现在时连用,可位sometime副词,某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间,常用于过去时或将来时,对它用疑问词when.如:week?some times名词词组, 几次,几倍。其中time 是可数名词,对它提问用how many times.4欢迎您转载分享:
更多精彩:初二英语语法大全谢谢,我急用
动词时态的句子结构及关键词: 一般现在时: 句子结构: 肯定句 主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他 否定句 主语+be not +其他 疑问句 Be+主语+其他 或: 肯定句 主语+动词原型+其他 ( 第三人称单数作主语动词要加"s" ) 否定句 主语+don't+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语don't改为doesn't) 疑问句 DO+主语+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语do改为doess) 关键词: sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday afternoon, at 10 o'clockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等. 注:在时间壮语从句,条件壮语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来时,这时一般从 句用一般现在时,主句用将来时 现在进行时: 句子结构:肯定句 主语+be +动词的现在分词+其他 否定句 主语+be not+动词的现在分词+其他 疑问句 Be +主语+动词的现在分词+其他 关键词:now, right now, at the moment, It's+几点钟等的句子.或look, listen, keep quiet等提示语. 一般将来时: 句子结构: 肯定句 主语+will+动词原型+其他 否定句 主语+will not +动词原型+其他 疑问句 Will +主语+动词原型+其他 (will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall) 关键词:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year, at ten o'clock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, in a few days' time, in the future 等. 一般过去时: 句子结构:肯定句 主语+be(was,were)+其他 否定句 主语+be not+其他 疑问句 Be+主语+其他 或: 肯定句 主语+动词的过去式+其他 否定句 主语+did not+动词原型+其他 疑问句 Did+主语+动词原型+其他 关键词:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year, at the end of last term, 一段时间+ago如:ten years ago, five hours ago, on January 1st,2004, in the 1980s等. Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等. 过去进行时: 句子结构: 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他 否定句 主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词+其他 疑问句 Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词+其他 关键词:具体时间+过去的时间壮语 如:at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at this time last Sunday等. 现在完成时: 句子结构:肯定句 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他(第三人称单数用has) 否定句 主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词+其他 疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词+其他 关键词:already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段时间,since+过去的 时间或过去时从句.或this year alone"今年以来",these five years alone"这五年 以来",in the last ten years "在过去的十年中"等. 过去将来时: 句子结构: 肯定句 主语+ would+ 动词原型+其他 否定句 主语+ would not + 动词原型+ 其他 疑问句 Would+主语+动词原型+其他 (would可改为was/were going to ,主语第一人称时would可用should) 过去将来时主要用在宾语从句中. 过去完成时: 句子结构: 肯定句 主语+had + 动词的过去分词+其他 否定句 主语+had not +动词的过去分词+其他 疑问句 Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 关键词:by+过去某一时间点 如:by last year, by the end of+过去某一时间点 如: by the end of last year, before+过去某一时间点,by the time +从句,或宾语从 句中最后,请记住: It's not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of thing, I'm sure it will be all right. 这不是世界末日,试着往事情好的方面看,我确认一切都会好起来.英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态.初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态,我们可以从以下方面进行小结:一、被动语态的时态及结构(以动词do为例)结构:主语 + be + 过去分词时态:1. 一般现在时: am (is, are) done.2.带情态动词的被动语态:must (can, may, should, need, would) be done3. 一般过去时: was (were) done * 4. 一般将来时: will (shall) be done * 5. 现在进行时: am (is, are) being done6. 现在完成时: have (has) been done 二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题.1.主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P)此结构不可用被动语态.(正) The flowers smell sweet.(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.2.主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V)此结构不可变被动语态.(正) An accident happened last night.(误) An accident was happened last night.3.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V+ O)(1)将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语Children often sing this song This song is often sung by children.(2)将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时,不可将介词或副词去掉.We should listen to the teachers carefully.The teachers should be listened to carefully.4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO)(1).将表人的间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变.He showed us a picture .We were shown a picture.(2).将指物的直接宾语变为主语,要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等常用加for的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等A picture was shown to us.A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.5. 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+ V+ O + C)如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等,后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时,变被动语态时要加上“to” .I saw him fall off the tree.He was seen to fall off the tree.6. "be + 过去分词" 并非都是被动语态,系动词 be, feel, seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,作表语用,表示某种状态. I'm interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣.*7. 某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义.The woman's clothes sell well. 女装卖的快.This book sells best.这本书很畅销.
英语语法大全下载1、所有格:He is Fred's best friend.(-'s)  2、动词现在时的第三人称单数:Alfredo works.(-s)  3、动词过去式:Fred worked.(-ed),但亦有不规则变化.  4、现在分词/进行时态:Fred is working.(-ing)([注]如果动词的末音节为辅音结尾的闭音节,则须双写末辅音,如running)  5、过去分词:The car was stolen.(-en);Fred has talked to the police.(-ed),但亦有不规则变化.  6、动名词:Working is good for the soul.(-ing)  7、名词的复数:Fred has two blue eyes.(-s)([注]如果动词的尾字是s,sh,x,ch,则需加-es,如dishes)  8、形容词的比较级:Fred is smarter than Rick.(-er)形容词末尾加-er,多音节在前面”加more,如"more difficult".  9、形容词的最高级:Fred has the fastest car.(-est)形容词末尾加-est,多音节词在前面加most,如"the most difficult".  英语的基本语序为SVO,且基本上不能任意变换语序,除了在少数诗词以外;另一方面,有时英语会使用OSV的语序.(注:S:Subject[主语];V:Verbal phrase[谓语];O:Object[宾语])  英语中所有的词可分成十大类,每一类词在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用.这十大词类是:  一、名 词:表示人或事物的名称的词.  二、形容词:表示人或事物的特征的词.  三、副 词:修饰动词、形容词和副词的词.  四、代 词:是代替名词、形容词和数词的词.  五、数 词:表示数量和顺序的词.  六、动 词:表示动作和状态的词.  七、冠 词:与名词连用,其说明人或事物的作用.  八、介 词:通常置于名词和代词之前,表示名词和代词与其他词的关系.  九、连 词:连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词.  十、感叹词:表示说话人感情或语气的词. 英语的时态  英语共有十六个时态、四个体.(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行.)  英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等. (1)一般现在时   基本形式(以do为例):  第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);  肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;  否定句:主语+don‘t+动词原形+其他;  一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+其他.  肯定回答:Yes,+ 主语+do.  否定回答:No,+主语+don't.  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语序 (2)一般过去时   be动词+行为动词的过去式  was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词  was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词 (3)一般将来时   am/are/is+going to+do  will/shall+do  am/is/are/about to + do  am/is/are to + do  一般将来时的表达方法  be going to +动词原形  be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形  be able to +不定式  be about to+动词原形 (4)过去将来时   be(was,were)going to+动词原形  be(was,were)about to+动词原形  be(was,were)to+动词原形  肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.   否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.   疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?   肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.   否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.   疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~? (5)现在进行时   主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式  第一人称+am+doing+sth   第二人称+are+doing +sth  第三人称+is+doing+sth (6)过去进行时   肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它  否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它  一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 答语:Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.   特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它 (7)将来进行时   动词be的将来时+现在分词 (8)过去将来进行时   should(would)+be+现在分词 (9)现在完成时   基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)   ①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他  ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他  ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他  ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他 (10)过去完成时  基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)   ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他  ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他  ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他  肯定回答:Yes,主语+had  否定回答:No,主语+hadn't   ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)  语法判定:  ( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点.如:  I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.   ( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点.如:  We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.   ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点.如:  They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. (11)将来完成时   (shall)will+have+动词过去分词  before+将来时间或by+将来时间  before或by the time引导的现在时的从句 (12)过去将来完成时   should / would have done sth. (13)现在完成进行时   have/has been +-ing 分词 (14)过去完成进行时   had been +-ing 分词 (15)将来完成进行时   主语+ shall/will have been doing (16)过去将来完成进行时   should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称would have been+现在分词用于其他人称
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