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你可能喜欢Convert,compare all Imperial tool,nut,bolt and spanner sizes to metric.
British Standard Whitworth (BSW),British
Standard Fine(BSF),Imperail AF (SAE),British Association (BA) and metric
(mm)&wrench and nut/bolt sizes compared.Charts of equivalents,comparisons
and explanations.List comparing&all spanner/socket sizes from 10BA to 60mm
at bottom of page.
&This page is
provided by
to help compare&imperial bolt sizes or metric&and
select the correct tools for a&vintage/veteran car or motorbike,older
commercial vehicle,boat,plane or stationary engine
Enthusiasts&working and repairing&older
machinery&soon encounter Whitworth and BSF (British Standard Fine) or
Imperial AF (SAE)&fixings along with BA (British Association) and possibly
BSC (British Standard Cycle) threads.&Metric tools fit very few of
these,the correct imperial or inch based tools are available &We have prepared the tables on this page to help explain
these Imperial Standards and what tools and sizes are needed to fit
Commonly used Whitworth or
B.S.F to SAE / A.F (inches across flats) sizes and conversions to metric and
decimal inch dimensions.
Commonly used Whitworth/BSF thread&dia&and
the mm or imperial (inch) size of the wrench opening to
Whitworth (inch).
BSF.(inch).
Actual Metric.(mm)
Actual Inches (decimal)
Notes.*You can use the above&chart (and the AF/metric
chart below) to find equivalents for some missing tools.For example& 5/8
inch&whit and 28mm,3/4 inch whit and 33mm etc. Some sockets especially six
sided impact might be marked in these examples with both sizes.The longer list
at the bottom of the page lists all common sizes in numerical order.
** 11/16 inch is not a commonly encountered&Whitworth
size,13/16 inch and 15/16 inch are even less so and were very seldom specified
on engineering drawings etc.
about 1948 BSW and BSF&nuts and bolts&(needing BSW/BSF tools) were
commonly used on cars,motorcycles and machines especially those made in the U.K.
After this date they were gradually phased out and replaced by UNC (Unified
Coarse) and UNF (Unified Fine)& both needing Imperial AF tools.There are
two 'standards' of Whitworth/BSF sizes (see foot of page) but the same
spanners&can be used on&either .Some older motorcycles use B.S.C
(British Standard Cycle) threads and spanners marked BSW or BSF will fit
these.By about&1965 BSW and BSF were considered obsolete although
they&may still be found in later,specialised applications. By the end of
the 1970s UNF and UNC had&almost gone&the same way,replaced by the
metric although they too can still be encountered in&post
1970's&machinery.Consulting an owners club,workshop manual etc and using
the info on this page will help select the spanners you need but previous owners
may have fitted other fixings and parts and many makers would use an assortment
of fixings even during manufacture.
explanations.....
(B.S.W) takes its name from
the British engineer who invented it as a way of standardising bolt and nut
sizes.Whitworth threads are based on an angle of&monly found
on older (pre 60's) vintage,veteran and classic cars,bikes&or early
machinery,there are two 'standards' of Whitworth, as during&world war
two&the sizes of nuts and bolt heads were reduced to save metal.They were
all reduced by one size,so that the same spanners and sockets can still be used.
The war also demonstrated the need for a standard for nuts.bolts and the tools
to work on them as British (mainly BSW and BSF)&and US (UNF and UNC)
machinery used completely different systems.&
British Standard fine is
in effect the fine version of whitworth with the same thread form but with a
greater number of threads per inch.The size&marked on&a Whitworth or B.S.F
(British Standard Fine) spanner refers to the size in inches of the threaded
portion on the bolt it fits. Both Whitworth and British Standard Fine were
phased out by the 1960s,but some manufacturers carried on using&both on
applications much later than this. Whitworth thread is coarser than a BSF of the
same diameter,but the same spanners are used on both ranges,and are&often
marked with both Whitworth and BSF sizes .A whitworth spanner or socket is
larger than&one marked with the same size in BSF&for example
a&1/4 inch whit is the&same physical size as a 5/16inch BSF.(approx
13.34mm),this occurs throught the sizes so a set of whitworth sockets or
spanners will fit an equal number of BSF nuts and bolts.The easiest way to
identify a whitworth or BSF threaded bolt is to measure its diameter and check
the thread rate (TPI or threads per inch) with a
and compare it to the charts below.BSW and BSF socket head screws use
AF hex keys not metric.
(British Association) are smaller
sized fastenings found on older vehicles electrical
fittings,magnetos,dynamos,motors,pumps and instruments etc. B.A thread has an
angle of 47 degrees-30 minutes.This was another standard introdued to try and
rationalise the sizes of smaller fixings.
,&&and indicates the distance apart the jaws are on an open
end wrench (or the parallel sides on a nut or bolt. Usually applied to spanners
in imerial (inch based) sizes the smallest increments are normally
1/16&inch (for example 7/16,1/2,9/16 etc) but some smaller spanners are
marked in 1/32 inch increments.Very rarely af spanners are marked in decimal
instead of fractional sizes for example .50 instead of 1/2 or .75 instead of 3/4
inch etc.Imperial AF spanners are normally used on nuts and bolts threaded UNC
or UNF (Unified Coarse or Unified Fine) and use a thread angle of 60
degrees.This standard was introduced as&the 'new' standard around the
1940s&to replace BSW and BSF etc and was supposedly phased out&by the
1970's in favour of metric threads and sizes. However like whitworth and BSF,AF
it is still encountered in specialised applications and many car and motorbike
makers carried on using imperial fittings etc for a long time after they became
supposedly obsolete. It is very common to find an older car or bike&that
left its maker with&a mixture of imperial and metric nuts and bolts holding
it together.&Land Rover&and other smaller,specialised car
makers&used a mixture of imperial fittings into the 1990's.Note also that
AF allen or hex keys fit BSW or BSF hex headed socket
screws.Modern metric spanners are marked or sized in the same way as AF but in
millimetres,the distance again between parallel faces of an open ended spanner
or wrench.They are used on metric threaded fastenings,these have a thread angle
of 60 degrees.Metric bolts often have two numbers on the
heads,this is a strength rating.
Coarse threads (whitworth,unc etc) are
more likely to be used on the thread in a casting&to give greater
strength,most nut and bolt assemblies will use a fine thread,so studs in
castings often have a coarse thread end to go in the casting and a fine end to
take a nut.Finer threads (BSF,unf etc) have a greater resistance to being shaken
loose by vibration.Bolts and nuts in brass or similar soft metal are normally
coarse threaded for greater holding power..
AF spanners and sockets (across flats in
inches) to Metric (mm).
AF spanner size inches
Spanner size MM
11/16 inch&
15/16 inch
1.1/16 inches
3/4 inch&&
1.1/8 inches
Diameter and thread pitches in inches (tpi)
for BSW, BSF, UNC and UNF bolt threads&This chart can be used to help identify the thread on a bolt etc. Measure
the outside diameter and then count the number of threads per inch. UNC and
Whitworth have the same thread rates but the thread form is different,a thread
gauge would help to make accurate comparisons.Take into account&also the
age of the vehicle or machine the fitting is from. Pre 60s Whitworth is more
likely,unified threads started replacing BSW and BSF from the early 1950s but
the change was spread over many years in some cases.&
BA spanner and
socket sizes&in inches&with&metric&(mm)
equivalents&
BA (British Associated) is an early British
standard often found on dynamos,magnetos,distributors,starters and electrical
fittings and connections on older British cars and motorcycles.
The smaller the number the
larger the BA nut and bolt. BA sizes right down to 24BA are in fact
used.although 10BA is the smallest normally encountered.The thread per inch rate
is always a fraction (ie) never a whole number varying from 25.4 (0BA) to 72.6
(10BA) for example.
BA spanner size across flats in decimal inches.
Metric equivalent
.117 inches.
.131 inches
.152 inches
.172 inches
.193 inches
.220 inches
.248 inches
.282 inches
.324 inches (Probably the most commonly used&BA
.365 inches
.413 inches
Application
chart for some hub nut,ball joint sockets and box spanners etc (mainly older
vehicles).
Our hub nut and ball joint sockets and spanners are
listed on the relevant pages (ie)
Applications
&3/4 inch af
&Common wheel nut size.
& Very common.11/16 AF commonly used on smaller.
(19mm equivalent )
& 15/16 inch af
Wheel nuts
&Pre 1972 Land Rovers
&1 + 1/16 af&
Wheel nuts&
After 1972 Land Rovers.
&1 +1/4 inch af&
Rear hub nut
&Jowett Javelin
Virtually every nut and bolt on these vehicles is whitworth or
&1 + 5/16 inch af 6 point deep socket&
Front hub nuts.
&Mini,Austin& Allegro,Austin/Morris 1100& and 1300
Austin Maxi.
Front wheel drive hub nuts.Also cranshaft pulley and rear
hub on MGB.
&1 + 1/2 inch& af.6 point deep& socket
Front suspension ball joints
&Mini,Allegro.Austin/Morris 1100 or 1300,Maxi.
&Also fits Mini flywheel nuts.
& 1 + 5/8 inch af
Rear Hub nut.
&BMC Midget,Austin Healey Sprite etc.
Probably other early BMC rear wheel drive A40
1 + 3/4 inch (socket or box)
Ball joints.
Some early Leyland vehicles
Socket must be deep type for ball joint
application.
&1 + 13/16 inch af 6 point deep socket&
Front suspension ball Joints
& Rover group Metro vehicles& Also ...Modern
Triumph motorbikes?.
Normally impact type.1/2 inch square drive.
&1 + 7/8 inch af
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Older BMC (Wolseley 1500 etc).
&&&& Available as H/D box or socket.
&2 inch AF.
Land Rover etc (used as substitute for 52mm)
See list at foot of page.**
&2 +13/16 inch af
Rear hub nuts
&Commer TS3
&Rear hub nuts.Front uses 42mm&
&2 +3/4 inch af&
Bedford 2 Ton
&3 inch af&
Bedford 3 Ton
3 + 1/8 inch af&
Leyland Roadrunner
& Also some IVECO trucks
7/16 inch whitworth
Scaffold Spanner
Scaffold clamps.(with a pointed end the spanner is often called a
'podger spanner').
Still often used but being replaced by metric.
1 +1/8 inch whitworth
Morris Minor and other BMC vehicles
&&&&&&&&& Available as
deep socket or box.
1 +1/4 inch whitworth.
Burman gearbox&
(Panther,Vincent motorcyles&and many others)
Nearest equivalent 52mm as below.**
22 mm deep
Oxygen Sensor
Modern vehicles
& Long socket often has 'window' in side.
&27 mm deep
&M24 threaded injector sockets.
Most diesel injector sockets cars and light
commercials..
Will also fit some sensors.
&HGV diesel injector sockets&
Scania,Volvo
&Larger diesel injector sockets on many HVG engines.
&52mm six sided socket&&
Hub nut **
& Some models Land Rover and Range Rover
close equivalent&is&2 + 1/16 inch af.
&56mm (usually 12 sided)
&Ford Transit 1993 onwards.
Usually 3/4 drive.
&65 mm (usually 12 sided)&
Ford Transit (before 1993)
Ford Transit models 130,150 and 190 plus some IVECO.
&50mm Eight sided
Austin A55,MGA.MGB*
Note these are octagonal (eight sided).*
&56mm Eight sided
&J2 Van and some early&taxi cabs*
&As above (eight sided).*
All the commonly used spanner and socket
sizes,from&10BA &up to 60mm with their decimal inch
equivalents.
This&chart shows comparative
sizes&in increasing B.A, A.F, B.S.W, B.S.F and MM&bolt or
nuts&and can be used for example to find the next size up or down where a
spanner (wrench in USA)&or socket is too tight or loose on a fixing. It
also shows when some spanners and sockets are almost the same physical size
although displaying different markings for example 11/32 inch AF and 1/8 inch
whitworth are identical.Note that both a set of whitworth spanners or sockets
will cover both the whitworth standards (pre and post war) and the BSF ranges
you do not (as some web sites suggest) need to buy two sets!.
0.117 inches =10 BA
0.131 inches = 9 BA
0.152 inches = 8 BA
0.172 inches = 7 BA
0.193 inches = 6 BA
0.220 inches = 5 BA
0.248 inches = 4 BA
0.250 inches = 1/4 inch
0.276 inches = 7mm
0.282 inches = 3 BA
0.313 inches = 5/16 inch
0.315 inches = 8mm
0.324 inches = 2 BA
0.344 inches = 11/32 AF and 1/8
0.354 inches = 9mm
0.365 inches = 1 BA
0.375 inches = 3/8 inch
0.394 inches = 10mm
.0406 inches =13/32 AF
0.413 inches = 0 BA (Largest BA
0.433 inches - 11mm
0.438 inches = 7/16 inch
0.445 inches = 3/16 Whitworth or 1/4
0.472 inches = 12mm
0.500 inches = 1/2 inch
0.512 inches = 13mm
0.525 inches = 1/4 inch Whitworth or
0.551 inches = 14mm
0.563 inches = 9/16 inch
0.591 inches = 15mm
0.594 inches =19/32 inch AF (15.1
0.600 inches = 5/16 Whitworth or 3/8
0.625 inches = 5/8 inch
0.630 inches = 16mm
0.669 inches = 17mm
0.686 inches = 11/16 inch
0.709 inches = 18mm (uncommon metric
size) but often used as a substitute for 3/8 inch whit..
0.710 inches = 3/8 Whitworth or 7/16
0.748 inches = 19mm
0.750 inches = 3/4 AF
0.781 inches =25/32 inch AF
0.813 inches = 13/16 AF inch (Common
spark plug size).
0.820 inches = 7/16 Whitworth or 1/2
0.866 inches = 22mm
0.875 inches = 7/8 inch
0.920 inches = 1/2 Whitworth or 9/16
0.938 inches = 15/16 inch
0.945 inches = 24mm
1.000 inch&& = 1 inch
1.010 inches = 9/16 Whitworth or 5/8
1.024 inches = 26mm
1.063 inches = 1 + 1/16 AF inch or
1.100 inches = 5/8 inch whitworth or
1.105 inches = 28mm often used as a
substitute for 5/8 inch whit (actually .005inch &larger).
1.125 inches = 1 + 1/8 inch
1.181 inches = 30mm
1.200 inches = 11/16 Whitworth or 3/4
1.250 inches = 1 + 1/4 inch
1.260 inches = 32mm
1.300 inches = 3/4 Whitworth or 7/8
1.313 inches = 1 + 5/16 inch AF (some
ball joints).
1.390 inches&= 13/16 Whitworth
or 15/16 BSF (not very commonly used).
1.417 inches = 36mm
1.438 inches = 1 + 7/16 inch
1.480 inches = 7/8 Whitworth or 1
1.495 inches = 38mm.
1.500 inches = 1 + 1/2 inch
1.575 inches = 40mm or 15/16 inch
1.614 inches = 41mm
1.625 inches = 1 + 5/8 inch
1.670 inches = 1 inch Whitworth or 1
1.688 inches = 1 + 11/16 inch
1.811 inches = 46mm
1.813 inches = 1 + 13/16 inch
1.860 inches = 1 + 1/8 Whitworth or 1
1.875 inches = 1 + 7/8 inch
1.969 inches = 50mm
2.000 inches = 2 inch AF,(A fairly
common hub nut size).** see notes in above table.
2.047 inches = 52mm (Some land rover
hub nuts) used as substitute for 1 + 1/4 inch whitworth (actually .003
2.050 inches = 1 + 1/4 Whitworth or 1
+ 3/8 BSF,(another common hub nut size).
2.065 inches = 2 + 1/16 inch AF
2.165 inches = 55mm
2.362 inches = 60mm
A tubular box spanner or six sided
socket the&next size up might be a solution when the correct size is not
available (ie) a 19mm spanner will probably undo a 3/4 inch&af nut.These
may have greater tolerance than 12 sided sockets but there is always a risk of
damage to socket and or the fastening. Most impact sockets are six sided.
Six sided (sometimes called six point)
sockets or ring spanners are also less likely to damage brass or chrome plated
Whitworth,BSF,metric and imperial spanners
are based on different standards and hence sizes,with few exceptions they are
not interchangeable..As well as classic&motorcycles&from AJS to
Vincents,a lot of older cars used whitworth and BSF fastenings .Marine engines
like Lister and Gardner use them as well, and&were designed
to&last,&so imperial tools might be regarded as obsolete by some but
are still essential on such units..&Damaged bolt heads spoil the
restoration or repair of many a rebuilt classic car or motorcycle,theres no need
when the correct spanners are still available .Ring spanners are called box
spanners in the US,block spanner is another term for an obstruction spanner and
some people refer to C obstruction spanners as crescent wrenches,others use the
same term for an adjustable spanner.
If you are still unsure as to what
spanner or socket you require to order,measure the nut or bolt with a caliper or
accurate ruler across the flats in mm.If you&know if the thread is fine or
coarse and when the item was made it will help work out what size the original
fitting is.&Some axle shaft nuts are eight sided,normal bi hex sockets will
not fit these.
Links to to&other pages&on
Some web sites state that Whitworth and UNC fixings are
interchangeable.This is not strictly correct,although some will loosely 'fit'
the thread angle on Unified threads is 60 degrees against the&55 of
Whitworth.The thread rates are also different (ie) 1/2 inch whit is 12 tpi and
for 1/2 inch UNC is 13.tpi. Other thread forms that may be encountered on older
machinery include BSP (British Standard Pipe) on fuel,air or oil lines etc and
very rarely and on much older machinery BCS (British Standard Cycle).
Baconsdozen Imperial tools
.Ordering,warranty,return and contact details